EmbarkInstructions
英语教学法教程第二版(王蔷)1-5单元学习笔记
Unit1 Language and Language Learning1.1How do we learn language?（如何学习语言）Much of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages.1.2Views on language（学习观）1.3Views on language learning and learning in generalNow, the research about language learning theories can be broadly divided into two parts. They are Process-oriented theories and Condition-oriented theories. Some researchers attempt to formulate teaching approaches directly from these theories. For example, the Natural Approach, Total physical Response, and the Silent Way are based on one or more dimensions of processes and conditions. Here are What is done in these processes.1.4What makes a good language teacher?(好教师的素质要素)①Ethic devotion ②Professional qualities ③Personal styles1.5How can we become a good language teacher?(如何成为一名好的语言老师)The most important and difficult part of the making of a good language teacher is the development of professional competence, which is the state or quality of being adequately qualified for the profession, and armed with a specific range of skills, strategies, knowledge, and ability.Teacher’s professional development1.6An overview of the bookUnit2 Communication Principles and Task-based Language Teaching 2.1 Language use in real life vs. traditional pedagogy2.2 What is communicative competence?communicative competence includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situation.2.3 Implications for teaching and learning (略)2.4 Principles of Communicative Language Teaching(CLT)1）Communication principle: Activities that involves real communication promote learning.2) Task principle: Activities in which language is used for carry out meaningful tasks promote learning.3) Meaningfulness principle: Language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.2.5 CLT and the teaching of language skills2.6 Main features of Communicative activities2.7 Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)Task-based Language Teaching is, in fact, a further development of Communicative Language Teaching.2.7.1 Definitions of a task√√2.7.2 Four components of a task.1) A purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task.2) A context: this can be real, simulated, or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues such as the location, the participants and their relationship, the time, and other important factors.3) A process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problemsolving, reasoning, inquiring, conceptualizing and communicating.4) A product: there well be some form of outcome, either visible(written plan, a play, a letter, etc.) or invisible (enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.)2.7.3 Exercises, exercise-tasks and taskexercise exercise-task task2.8 PPP and Task-based Language TeachingMany teachers may be familiar with the Presentation, Practice and Production(PPP). A typical PPP lesson would start by the teacher introducing a new language item in a context followed by some controlled practice, such as drilling, repetition, dialogue reading, etc. Students then move on to produce the language in a more meaningful way, such as a role play, a drama, an interview, etc. Some teachers may also be familiar with the five-step teaching method, which is quite similar to the PPP model but adding revision at the beginning and consolidation at the end.2.8.1 Differences between PPP and TBL1) The way students use and experience language in TBL is rapidly different from PPP.2) TBL can provide a context for grammar teaching and form-focused activities. PPP is different in this aspect.2.9 How to design tasks?√√2.10 Appropriateness of CLT and TBLT in the Chinese context1)The problems of CLT: ①If CLT is culturally appropriate.（Both its advantages and constraints are recognized by teachers and students.）②It is very difficult to design a syllabus with a one to one correspondence between a function and a form.2)The problems of TBLT: ①It may not be effective for presenting new language items.(Swan,2005) ②Time. Teachers have to prepare task-based activities very carefully. ③The culture of learning. Some students may find it difficult to adapt to TBLT. ④The level of difficulty. Students mayfind task-based learning quite difficult if they do not have sufficient linguistic resources to handle holistic communication.2.11 ConclusionIt is important to remember that a method is effective only when it is appropriate to the teaching context. Therefore, when a new method or approach emerges, it is unwise to simply cast away the traditional and follow the new trend. The best thing to do is to develop one’s own teaching methods based on the context where one teaches and integrates the merits of different methodologies to serve the purpose of one’s teaching objectives and the needs of one’s students.Unit3 The National English Curriculum3.1 A brief history of foreign language teaching in ChinaUnit4 Lesson Planning4.1 Why is lesson planning important?Definition: A lesson plan is a framework of a lesson in which teachers make advance decisions about what they hope to achieve and how they would like to achieve it.Reasons: ①A clear lesson plan makes the teacher aware of the aims and language contents of the lesson.②It helps teachers distinguish thevarious stages of a lesson and see the relationship between them so that the activities of different difficulty levels can be arranged properly and the lesson can move smoothly from one stage to another.③Proper lesson planning gives teachers the opportunity to anticipate potential problems that may arise in class so that they can be prepared with some possible solutions or other options for the lesson. ④Good planning gives teachers, especially novice teachers confidence in class. ⑤When planning the lesson, the teacher also becomes aware of the teaching aids that are needed for the lesson.⑥Planning is a good practice and a sign of professionalism.4.2 Principles for good lesson planning4.3 Macro planning vs. micro planning.（宏观计划vs.微观计划）The components of macro planning:(宏观计划包含的内容)1)Knowing about the profession.2)Knowing about the institution.3)Knowing about the learners.4)Knowing about the curriculum/syllabus.5)Knowing about the textbook.6)Knowing about the objectives.4.4 Components of a lesson planDifferent teachers have different teaching styles and may use different teaching procedures, so ‘every lesson is unique’(Robertson and Acklam,2000:6), and so is every lesson plan. A lesson plan include many parts.Unit5 Classroom ManagementDefinition：Classroom management is the way teachers organize what goes on in the classroom.Goal:To create an atmosphere conductive to interacting in English in meaningful ways.(Gebhard,1996)Conditions for achieving classroom management:1)The teacher plays appropriate roles.2)The teacher provides clear instructions.3)Students are grouped in a way suitable for the learning activities.4)The teacher asks appropriate questions.5)There is discipline as well as harmony in the class.6)The students errors are treated properly.5.1 The role of the teacherWhat are the teacher’s roles defined by Harmer?①controller ②assessor ③organiser ④prompter ⑤participant⑥resource-providerWhat are teacher’s new roles?①facilitators ②guides ③researchers5.2 Classroom instructionsDefinition: Classroom instructions refer to the type of language teachers use to organize or guide learning. They include giving directions to tasks or activities; providing explanations to a concept or language structure; setting requirements; checking comprehension; drawing attention; motivating learners; giving feedback and assigning homework, etc. Generally they include all classroom language that teachers may use for teaching purposes as well as for managing teaching.What are rules to follow for making instructions effective?①To use simple instructions and make them suit the comprehensionlevel of the students.②To use the mother-tongue only when it is necessary.③To be careful not to do all the talking in class.。
奉贤区高考2020一模词汇整理
奉贤区高考一模听力词汇on campus在校园in the Administration building在行政楼consist of=be made up of= be composed of由。
组成be of no use没有用途= be uselesstrust your instincts 相信你的本能ban domestic smoking禁止室吸烟television commercials电视广告distribute ads in the shopping centers在购物中心发传单the food quality食品质量give up 放弃 give in屈服 give away 泄露，赠送，将新娘交给新郎 give off 发出，放出 give way to 让位于 give rise to引起，导致temporarily暂时地drop out of school辍学 drop in 拜访 drop a hint漏口风 drop a line to sb 写信给某人meet/satisfy/answer/cater to/fulfill one’s requirements/needs/demands满足某人的需求an unexpected guest/visitor不速之客at a time 一次focus on=zero in on= concentrate on专注于lose no time to do抓紧时间做某事take action/measures/steps采取措施turn to sb for advice向某人寻求建议inspiration灵感 inspire sb to do sth鼓舞某人做某事run the risk of doing sth= take the risk =risk doingactive活跃的，主动地 passive被动的the harmful effect of A on B A 对B的有害影响be harmful to = do harm to = be bad forjournalist= reporter记者hostess女主持freshman大一新生 sophomore大二 junior大三 senior大四 senior citizens 老年人be about to do sth when..正要做某事突然be supposed to do=should docan’t help but do=can’t help doing 不得不做pay off有回报；还清in good shape体型好had expected to do本期望会（事实并非如此，虚拟）had planned to do 本计划keep fit 保持健康survive sth在。
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. INSTRUCTION MANUAL SILVER/SILVER SULFIDE ION ELECTRODETABLE OF CONTENTSGENERAL INSTRUCTIONS (3)Introduction (3)Required Equipment (3)Required Solutions (3)GENERAL PREPARATION (5)Electrode Preparation (5)Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) (5)Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) (6)MEASUREMENT (7)Measuring Hints (7)Sample Requirements (7)Units of Measurement (8)MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE (8)Direct Measurement (8)Direct Measurement of Silver (using a pH/mV meter) (8)Direct Measurement of Silver (using an ion meter) (9)Direct Measurement of Sulfide (using a pH/mV meter) (10)Direct Measurement of Sulfide (using an ion meter) (11)Low Level Silver Determinations (using a pH/mV meter) (12)TITRATION (13)Titration of Sulfide (14)Titration of Silver (14)Low Level Chloride Titration (15)Indicator Titration (16)ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS (18)Reproducibility (18)Interference (18)Complexation (18)Temperature Influences (18)Electrode Response (19)Limits of Detection (20)pH Effects (20)Electrode Life (20)Electrode Storage (20)ELECTRODE THEORY (21)Electrode Operation (21)TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE (22)Meter (22)Glassware (22)Electrodes (22)Standards and Reagents (23)Sample (23)Technique (23)TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS (24)SPECIFICATIONS (26)ORDERING INFORMATION (26)EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD.SILVER/SULFIDE ION ELECTRODEINSTRUCTION MANUALGENERAL INSTRUCTIONSIntroductionEutech Silver/Sulfide Ion Electrode is used to measure silver and sulfide ions in aqueous solutions quickly, simply, accurately, and economically. The two ions are virtually never present in solution together, owing to the extreme insolubility of silver sulfide. Indirect measurements of cyanide or measurements of halide ions by titration may be done with this electrode.Required Equipment1. A pH/mV meter or an ion meter, either line operated or portable.2. Semi-logarithmic 4-cycle graph paper for preparing calibration curves when using themeter in the mV mode. Gran's plot paper (10% volume corrected) is recommended for low level chloride measurement.3. A magnetic stirrer.4.Eutech Silver/Sulfide Ion Combination Epoxy-body Electrode, Code no. EC-AGS-03.5.Polishing Paper, Code no. EC-MIS-PP, to polish dirty or etched electrode membranes. Required Solutions1. Deionized or distilled water for solution and standard preparation. Water used in thepreparation of sulfide standards and of SAOB should also be de-aerated.For Silver:2. Eutech Ionic Strength Adjuster (ISA), 5M NaNO3, Code no. EC-ISA-SS1-BT. To preparethis solution from your own laboratory stock, half fill a 1,000 ml volumetric flask with distilled water and add 425 grams of reagent- grade sodium nitrate, NaNO3. Swirl the flask to dissolve the solid. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water, cap, and upend the flask several times to mix the contents.3. Eutech Silver Standard Solution, 0.1M AgNO3, Code no. EC-SCS-SS1-BT. To preparethis solution from your own laboratory stock, dry reagent-grade, pulverized silver nitrate ina laboratory oven for one hour at 150o C. Quantitatively transfer 16.99 grams of the driedsilver nitrate to a 1 liter flask containing about 500 ml of distilled water. Swirl the flask to dissolve the solid. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water, cap and upend severaltimes to mix the solution. Store the solution in a brown bottle, tightly capped, in a dark place.4. Eutech Silver Standard, 1,000 ppm as Ag+, Code no. EC-SCS-SS2-BT. To prepare thissolution from your own laboratory stock, dry reagent-grade, pulverized silver nitrate in a laboratory oven for one hour at 150o C. Quantitatively transfer 1.57 grams of the dried silver nitrate to a 1 liter volumetric flask containing about 500 ml of distilled water. Swirl the flask to dissolve the solid. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water, cap, and upend several times to mix the solution. Store the solution in a brown bottle, tightly capped, in a dark place.5. Chloride Titrant (low level), 2.82X10-3M AgNO3. Dry reagent-grade, pulverized silvernitrate as described above in Silver Standards. Quantitatively transfer 0.479 grams of dried silver nitrate to a 1 liter volumetric flask about half-full of distilled water. Swirl the flask to dissolve the solid. Fill to the mark with distilled water, cap, and upend several times to mix the solution. Store in a brown bottle in a dark place.For Sulfide:6.Eutech Sulfide Anti-Oxidant Buffer (SAOB) kit, Code No. EC-ISA-SS2-BT. This buffermust be used fresh and will range in color from clear to yellow-brown. It has become oxidized when it turns dark brown and should then be discarded. Store fresh SAOB in a tightly closed bottle. To prepare SAOB from your own stock, fill a 1 liter volumetric flask with about 500 ml of distilled, de-aerated water, 200 ml of 10M NaOH, 35 grams of ascorbic acid, and 67 grams of disodium EDTA. Swirl the mixture until the solids dissolve and fill to the mark with distilled, de-aerated water.7.Sulfide Standard. To prepare a stock solution of saturated sodium sulfide, add about 100grams of reagent grade Na2S.9H2O to 100 ml of distilled, de-aerated water. Shake well and let stand overnight, storing in a tightly closed bottle in a hood.Prepare a weekly sulfide standard by adding 500 ml SAOB to a 1 liter volumetric flask, pipetting 10 ml of the stock solution into the flask, and diluting to the mark with distilled, de-aerated water.The exact concentration, C, can be determined by titrating 10 ml of the standard with 0.1M lead perchlorate. Use silver/sulfide ion electrode (and the reference electrode) to indicate the endpoint.The calculation is as follows:C = 3206 (V t/V s)whereC = concentration as ppm sulfideV t = volume of titrant at endpointV s = volume of standard used (10 ml)Prepare other standards each day by serial dilution of the weekly standard. To do a ten-fold dilution, accurately measure 10 ml of the standard and add it to a 100 ml volumetric flask.Add 45 ml of SAOB and dilute to the mark with distilled, de-aerated water.GENERAL PREPARATIONElectrode PreparationRemove the rubber caps covering the electrode tips and the rubber insert covering the filling hole of the reference electrode. Fill the combination electrode or the reference electrode with the filling solution shipped with the electrode to a level just below the fill hole. No preparation is required for a sealed reference electrode. Connect the electrodes to the proper terminals as recommended by the meter manufacturer.Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter)(Check electrodes each day)Using silver standards:1. To a 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of distilled water and 2 ml of ISA. Place the beaker on amagnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. After assuring that the meter is in the mV mode, lower the electrode tips into the solution.2. Using a pipet, add 1 ml of 0.1M or 1,000 ppm silver standard to the beaker. When thereading has stabilized, record the millivolt reading.3. Using a pipet, add 10 ml of the same silver standard used above to the beaker. When thereading has stabilized, record the millivolt reading.4. Determine the difference between the two readings. A difference of 57±2 mV indicatescorrect electrode operation, assuming the solution temperature is between 20o and 25o C.See the TROUBLESHOOTING section if the potential change is not within this range. Using sulfide stock solutions:1. To a 150 ml beaker, add 50 ml of distilled water and 50 ml of SAOB solution. Place thebeaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. After assuring that the meter is in the mV mode, lower the electrode tips into the solution.2. Using a pipet, add 1 ml of weekly standard sulfide solution to the beaker. When thereading has stabilized, record the millivolt reading.3. Using a pipet, add 10 ml of weekly standard sulfide used above to the beaker. When thereading has stabilized, record the millivolt reading.4. Determine the difference between the two readings. A difference of 26±2 mV indicatescorrect electrode operation, assuming the solution temperature is between 20o and 25o C.See the TROUBLESHOOTING section if the potential change is not within this range.Slope is defined as the change in potential observed when the concentration changes by a factor of 10.Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter)(Check electrodes each day)Using silver standards:1.Prepare standard silver solutions whose concentrations vary by tenfold. Use either the0.1M AgNO3 or 1,000 ppm stock solutions. Use the serial dilution method for thispreparation.2.To a 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of the lower value standard and 2 ml of ISA. Place thebeaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Lower the electrode tips into the solution. Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode.3.Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memoryaccording to the meter manufacturer's instructions.4.Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry.5.To another 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of the higher value standard and 2 ml of ISA. Placethe beaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Lower the electrode tips into the solution.6.Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memory.7.Read the electrode slope according to the meter manufacturer's instructions. Correctelectrode operation is indicated by a slope of 90-100%. See the TROUBLESHOOTINGsection if the potential is not within this range.Using sulfide stock solutions:1.Prepare standard sulfide solutions whose concentrations vary by tenfold. Use the serialdilution method and the weekly sulfide standard to prepare these solutions.2.To a 150 ml beaker, add 50 ml of the lower value standard, 25 ml of SAOB, and 25 ml ofdistilled water. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate.Lower the electrode tips into the solution. Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode.3.Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memoryaccording to the meter manufacturer's instructions.4.Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry.5.To a 150 ml beaker, add 50 ml of the higher value standard, 25 ml of SAOB, and 25 ml ofdistilled water. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate.Lower the electrode tips into the solution.6.Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memory.7.Read the electrode slope according the meter manufacturer's instructions. Correct electrodeoperation is indicated by a slope of 90-100%. See the TROUBLESHOOTING section if the slope is not within this range.MEASUREMENTMeasuring HintsAll samples and standards should be at the same temperature for precise measurement. A difference of 1 o C in temperature will result in about a 2% measurement error.Constant, but not violent, stirring is necessary for accurate measurement. Magnetic stirrers can generate sufficient heat to change the solution temperature. To counteract this effect, place a piece of insulating material, such as styrofoam sheet, between the stirrer and beaker.All silver samples and silver standards should be stored away from light.Always dilute sulfide samples with SAOB (1:1) when they are collected.Always rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry between measurements. Use a clean, dry tissue to prevent cross-contamination.A slow-responding electrode may point to deposits on the membrane. Use polishing paper to remove such deposits. See the section on Electrode Response.For low level silver measurements, use labware made of plastic.For samples with high ionic strength, prepare standards whose composition is similar to the sample. Always check to see that the membrane is free from air bubbles after immersion into the standard or sample.Sample RequirementsAll samples must be aqueous and not contain organics which can dissolve the epoxy electrode body and/or cement bonding the sensing crystal to the electrode body. Infrequent measurements in solutions containing methanol, benzene, or acetone are permitted. Please check with Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. before using the electrode in other organic solvents.The temperature of the standard solution and of the sample solution should be the same and below 80o C.Samples containing sulfide must be buffered with SAOB to convert HS-1 and H2S to S-2.Samples containing silver must be below pH 8 to avoid reaction with OH-1. Silver samples should be acidified with 1M HNO3, if necessary.Mercury cannot be present in silver samples. Since HgS and Hg2S are insoluble, no mercury will be present in sulfide samples. Other interference should be absent. If they are present, use the procedures found in the Interference and Electrode Response sections to remove them.Units of MeasurementSilver and sulfide concentrations are measured in units of parts per million, equivalents per liter, moles per liter, or any other convenient concentration unit. Table 1 indicates some of the concentration units.TABLE 1: Concentration Unit Conversion FactorsAg+1N(S-2) M(Ag+1)ppmS-2 ppm2.00X10-2 1.00X10-2321.0 1079.0100.0 --- 6.23X10-3 3.12X10-332.1 108.0 2.00X10-3 1.00X10-3--- 100.0 1.84X10-3 9.27X10-43.2 10.8 2.00X10-4 1.00X10-4MEASUREMENT PROCEDUREDirect MeasurementDirect measurement is a simple procedure for measuring a large number of samples. A single meter reading is all that is required for each sample. The ionic strength of samples and standards should be made the same by adjustment with SAOB for all sulfide solutions and with ISA for all silver solutions. The temperature of both sample solution and standard solution should be the same. Direct Measurement of Silver (using a pH/mV meter)1. By serial dilution of the 0.1M or 1,000 ppm standards, prepare 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4M or 100and 10 ppm silver standards. Add 2 ml of ISA per 100 ml of standard. Prepare standards with a composition similar to the samples if the samples have an ionic strength above0.1M.2. Place the most dilute solution (1.0X10-4M or 10 ppm) on the magnetic stirrer and beginstirring at a constant rate. After assuring that the meter is in the mV mode, lower the electrode tips into the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.3. Place the midrange solution (1.0X10-3M or 100 ppm) on the magnetic stirrer and beginstirring. After rinsing the electrodes with distilled water, blot dry and immerse the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.4. Place the most concentrated solution (1.0X10-2M or 1,000 ppm) on the magnetic stirrerand begin stirring. After rinsing the electrodes with distilled water, blot dry and immerse the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.5. Using the semi-logarithmic graph paper, plot the mV reading (linear axis) againstconcentration (log axis). Extrapolate the curve down to about 2.0X10-6M or 0.2 ppm. A typical calibration curve can be found in Figure 2.A calibration curve is constructed on semi-logarithmic paper when using apH/mV meter in the millivolt mode. The measured electrode potential inmV (linear axis) is plotted against the standard concentration (log axis). Inthe linear region of the curve, only three standards are necessary todetermine a calibration curve. In the non-linear region, additional pointsmust be measured. The direct measurement procedures given are for thelinear portion of the curve. The non-linear portion of the curve requires theuse of low level procedures.6. To a clean, dry 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of sample and 2 ml of ISA. Place the beaker onthe magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. Place the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading. Determine the concentration directly from the calibration curve.7. The calibration should be checked every two hours. Assuming no change in ambienttemperature, place the electrode tips in the mid-range standard. After the reading has stabilized, compare it to the original reading recorded in Step 3 above. A reading differing by more than 0.5 mV or a change of ambient temperature will necessitate the repetition of Steps 2-5 above. A new calibration curve should be prepared daily.Direct Measurement of Silver (using an ion meter)1. By serial dilution of the 0.1M or 1,000 ppm silver standard, prepare two silver standardswhose concentration is near the expected sample concentration. Measure out 100 ml of each standard into individual 150 ml beakers and add 2 ml of ISA to each.2. Place the more dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate.Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode.3. Lower the electrode tips into the solution.4. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the silver standard and fix the value in the memoryaccording to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading.5. Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry.6. Place the more concentrated solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at aconstant rate.7. Lower the electrode tips into the solution.8. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the silver standard and fix the value in the memoryaccording to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading.9. For low level measurements, place the rinsed, dried electrodes into the solution containing100 ml of distilled water and 2 ml of ISA. After stabilization, fix the blank value in the meter according to the meter manufacturer's instructions.10. Place 100 ml of the sample and 2 ml of ISA in a 150 ml beaker, place it on the magneticstirrer, and begin stirring.11. Immerse the electrode tips in the solution and wait for the reading to stabilize. Read theconcentration directly from the meter display.12. The calibration should be checked every two hours. Assuming no change in ambienttemperature, place the electrode tips in the first silver standard. After the reading has stabilized, compare it to the original reading in Step 4 above. A reading differing by more than 0.5 mV or a change in the ambient temperature will necessitate the repetition of Steps 2-8 (9) above. The meter should be re-calibrated daily.Direct Measurement of Sulfide (using a pH/mV meter)1. By serial dilution of the weekly standard, prepare three standard sulfide solutions.Measure out 50 ml of each standard into individual 150 ml beakers and add 25 ml of SAOB and 25 ml of distilled water to each.2. Place the most dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate.After assuring that the meter is in the mV mode, lower the electrode tips into the solution.When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.3. Place the midrange sulfide standard on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. After rinsingthe electrodes with distilled water, blot dry and immerse the electrode tips in the solution.When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.4. Place the most concentrated sulfide standard on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring.After rinsing the electrodes with distilled water, blot dry and immerse the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.5. Using the semi-logarithmic graph paper, plot the mV reading (linear axis) againstconcentration (log axis). A typical calibration curve can be found in Figure 1.A calibration curve is constructed on semi-logarithmic paper when using apH/mV meter in the millivolt mode. The measured electrode potential inmV (linear axis) is plotted against the standard concentration (log axis). Inthe linear region of the curve, only three standards are necessary todetermine a calibration curve. In the non-linear region, additional pointsmust be measured. The direct measurement procedures given are for thelinear portion of the curve. The non-linear portion of the curve requires theuse of low level procedures.6. To a clean, dry 150 ml beaker, add 50 ml of the sulfide sample, 25 ml of SAOB, and 25 mlof distilled water. Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. Place the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.Determine the concentration directly from the calibration curve.7. The calibration should be checked every two hours. Assuming no change in ambienttemperature, place the electrode tips in the mid-range standard. After the reading has stabilized, compare it to the original reading recorded in Step 3 above. A reading differing by more than 0.5 mV or a change in the ambient temperature will necessitate the repetition of Steps 2-5 above. A new calibration curve should be prepared daily.Direct Measurement of Sulfide (using an ion meter)1. By serial dilution of the weekly standard, prepare two sulfide standards whoseconcentration is near the expected sample concentration. Measure out 50 ml of eachstandard into individual 150 ml beakers and add 25 ml of SAOB and 25 ml of distilled water to each.2. Place the more dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate.Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode.3. Lower the electrode tips into the solution.4. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the sulfide standard and fix the value in thememory according to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading.5. Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry.6. Place the more concentrated solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at aconstant rate.7. Lower the electrode tips into the solution.8. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the sulfide standard and fix the value in thememory according to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading.9. For low level measurements, place the rinsed, dried electrodes into the solution containing50 ml of SAOB and 50 ml of distilled water. After stabilization, fix the blank value in themeter according to the meter manufacturer's instructions.10. Place 50 ml of the sample, 25 ml of SAOB, and 25 ml of distilled water in a 150 mlbeaker, place it on the magnetic stirrer, and begin stirring.11. Immerse the electrode tips in the solution and wait for the reading to stabilize. Read theconcentration directly from the meter display.12. The calibration should be checked every two hours. Assuming no change in ambienttemperature, place the electrode tips in the first sulfide standard. After the reading has stabilized, compare it to the original reading in Step 4 above. A reading differing by more than 0.5 mV or a change in the ambient temperature will necessitate the repetition of Steps 2-8 (9) above. The meter should be re-calibrated daily.Low Level Silver Determinations (using a pH/mV meter)This procedure is recommended for solutions with ionic strengths less than 1.0X10-2M. If the solution is high in ionic strength, but low in silver, use the same procedure, but prepare a calibration solution with a composition similar to the samples.1. Using 1 ml of standard ISA, dilute to 100 ml with distilled water. This low level ISA(1.0M NaNO3) is added at the rate of 1 ml low level ISA to each 100 ml of sample. Thebackground ionic strength will be 1.0X10-2M.2. Dilute 1 ml of 0.1M standard to 1 liter to prepare a 1.0X10-4M solution for measurementsin moles per liter. Prepare a 10 ppm standard solution by diluting 1 ml of the 1,000 ppm standard to 100 ml of solution for measurements in ppm. Standards should be prepared fresh daily.3. Add 1 ml of low level ISA to a 100 ml volumetric flask and fill to the mark with distilledwater. Pour this solution into a 150 ml beaker and place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer.Begin stirring at a constant rate.4. Place the electrode tips in the solution. Assure that the meter is in the mV mode.5. Add increments of the 1.0X10-4M or 10 ppm silver standard as given in Table 2 below.6.After the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading.TABLE 2: Stepwise Calibration for Low Level Silver MeasurementsConcentrationAddedStep Pipet Volume (ml) ppm M1 A 0.1 0.01 1.0X10-72 A 0.1 0.02 2.0X10-73 A 0.2 0.04 4.0X10-74 A 0.2 0.06 6.0X10-75 A 0.4 0.10 9.9X10-76 B 2.0 0.29 2.9X10-67 B 2.0 0.48 4.8X10-6Pipet A = 1 ml graduated pipetPipet B = 2 ml pipetSolutions: additions of 10 ppm or 1.0X10-4Mstandard to 100 ml of ISA as prepared in Step 3 above.7. On semi-logarithmic graph paper, plot the millivolt reading (linear axis) against theconcentration (log axis) as in Figure 2.8. Rinse the electrodes in distilled water and blot dry.9. Measure out 100 ml of the sample into a 150 ml beaker, add 1 ml of low level ISA, andplace the beaker on the magnetic stirrer. Begin stirring. Lower the electrode tips into the solution. After the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading and determine the concentration from the low level calibration curve.10. Prepare a new low level calibration curve daily. Check the calibration curve every twohours by repeating Steps 2-7.TITRATIONTitration is a very accurate determination of total sulfide or total silver concentration. This method makes use of the electrode as an endpoint detector. The electrode can also be used to determine halide concentrations.Titration of SulfideThe minimum sulfide sample concentration for this method is 1.0X10-5M. The titrant to be used isa lead perchlorate standard solution.1. Using Eutech Lead Perchlorate Solution, 0.1M, Code No. EC-SCS-PB1-BT, prepare a leadtitrant that is about 10-20 times as concentrated as the expected sample concentration by dilution.2. Dilute 25 ml of the sample with 25 ml of SAOB in a 150 ml beaker. Place the beaker onthe magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. Lower the tips of the electrodes into the solution. 3. Using a 10 ml burette, add titrant in 0.5-1.0 ml increments. Record the mV reading againstthe volume of titrant added. As the mV potential change increases, add smaller increments, down to 0.1-0.2 ml increments. Continue to add titrant and record the mV potential against the volume until little change is noted in the mV reading even when adding 0.5-1.0 ml increments.ing linear graph paper, plot the mV readings (y-axis) against the volume (x-axis). Theend point is determined at the steepest slope on the titration curve as illustrated in Figure 3.5. The sample concentration, Cs, is calculated before the dilution with SAOB, as follows:C s = (V t/V s) C twhereV s = sample volume before dilution (25 ml)V t = titrant volume at endpointC t = titrant concentration (M)Titration of SilverEutech Silver/Sulfide Ion Electrode is a highly sensitive endpoint detector for silver titration with a halide standard solution. It can also be used as an indicator for halide titration with a silver standard solution.。
MB Series 两路无线电用户指南说明书
Two-Way RadioUser’s GuideMB SeriesSafety and General InformationFCC Licensing InformationControl ButtonsKEM-ML36000Important Information on Safe and Efficient Operation Read This Information Before Using Your Radio.The information provided in this document supersedes the general safety information in user guides published prior to December 1,2002.Transmit and Receive ProcedureYour two-way radio contains a transmitter and a receiver.To control your exposure and ensure compliance with the generalpopulation/uncontrolled environment exposure limits,always adhere to the following procedure:•Transmit no more than 50%of the time.•To receive calls,release the Push-to-Talk (PTT)button.•To transmit (talk),press the PTT button.Transmitting 50%of the time,or less,is important because the radio generates measurable RF energy exposure only when transmitting (in terms of measuring standards compliance).Exposure to Radio Frequency EnergyYour Motorola two-way radio complies with the following RF energy exposure standards and guidelines:•United States Federal communications Commission,Code of Federal Regulations;47CFR part 2sub-part J.•American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)C95.1-1992.•Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)C95.1-1999Edition.•International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)1998.•Ministry of Health (Canada)Safety Code 6.Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Frequency Range from 3KHz to 300GHz,1999.•Australian communications Authority Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation—Human Exposure)Standard,2003.Getting StartedDisplay Screen GuideInstalling the BatteriesEach radio uses 1NiMH rechargeable battery pack or 3AAA alkaline batteries and beeps when the batteries are low.Installing NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack (Optional Accessory)1.Turn the radio off.2.With the back of the radio facing you,lift the battery latch up torelease the battery cover and remove the cover.3.Remove the NiMH battery pack from the clear plastic bag (do notdisassemble or unwrap the battery pack).4.Insert the NiMH battery pack with the diagram facing you.5.Reposition the battery cover and press down to secure.Installing the Three AAA Alkaline Batteries (Not Included)1.Turn the radio off.2.With the back of the radio facing you,lift the battery latch up torelease the battery cover and remove the cover.3.Insert the three AAA alkaline batteries with +and -polarity asshown inside.4.Reposition the battery cover and press down to secure.Radio Battery MeterThe radio battery icon shows the radio battery charge level,from fullto empty .When theradiohas one segment left,theradio chirps periodically or after releasing (Low Battery Alert).Talking and ListeningTo communicate,all radiosinyour group mustbe setto the samechannel.1.To talk,press and hold .2.When you are finished talking,release.For maximum clarity,hold the radio two to three inches away from your mouth and speak directly into the microphone.Do not cover the microphone while talking.Talk RangeYour radio is designed to maximize performance and improvetransmission range.Do not use the radios closer than five feet apart.Note:This radio does not have Interference Eliminator Codes.To communicate with radios that use Interference Eliminator Codes,the Interference Eliminator Code must be set to 0.Monitor ButtonUse this feature to see if there is anyone on the channel you have selected.1.Short press until RX appears.2.When you finish listening,press to confirm or to continue set up.Note:Monitor will time out after five seconds if oris notpressed.Push-to-Talk Timeout TimerTo prevent accidental transmissions and save battery life,the radio emits a continuous warning tone and stops transmitting if you press for 60continuous seconds.Menu OptionsSelecting the ChannelYour radio has 22channels.The channel is the frequency your radio uses to transmit.(See Channels and Frequencies table below.)1.and release.The channel number flashes.2.select a channel.3.orto continue set up.For More InformationFor further information,you may call Motorola at 1-800-638-5119(U.S.),e-mail us at ************************or visit us on the Internet at .Setting and Transmitting Call TonesYour radio can transmit different call tones to other radios in your group so you can alert them that you want to talk.You have 10call tones from which to choose.To set a call tone:1.With the radio on,short pressuntil the The current call tone setting flashes.2.change and hear the call tone.3.set the new call tone orto continue set up.To call tone to other radios set to the same channel as your radio,Note:Setting to 0disables the call tone feature.Keypad TonesYou may enable or disable the speaker key tones.You will hear the key tone each time a button is pushed.1.Press The current setting On/Off will flash.2.Press turn On or Off.3.Press to continue set up.Note:When the key tone feature is off,the following are not disabled:•Transmit timeout alert tone •Power-down alert tone •Low battery alert tone•The transmitted talk confirmation toneTransmitting a Talk Confirmation ToneYou can set your radio to transmit a unique tone when you finishtransmitting.It is like saying “Roger”or “Over”to let others know you are finished talking.1.With the radio on,short press until appears.The current setting On/Off flashes.2.turn On or Off.3.the talk confirmation tone or to continue set Auto Power On/OffYour radio will save power by automatically turning itself off if unused after a predetermined amount of time.1.Activate this setting by short pressing until displays.The (0,30,60,90)will flash.2.set the time to 30minutes,60minutes or 903.When you exit the Menu mode,the setting timer will begin if you are not using the radio.4.The screen shows5.Press to confirm or to continue set up.Call (PTT)Scroll•ANATEL ANNEX to Resolution No.303of July 2,2002“Regulation of limitation of exposure to electrical,magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the radio frequency range between 9KHz and 300GHz”.To ensure optimal radio performance and make sure human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy is within the guidelines set forth in the above standards,always adhere to the following procedures.Portable Radio Operation and EME ExposureAntenna CareUse only the supplied or an approved replacement antenna.Unauthorized antennas,modifications,or attachments could damage the radio and may violate FCC regulations.Do NOT hold the antenna when the radio is “IN USE.”Holding the antenna affects the effective range.Body-Worn OperationTo maintain compliances with FCC/Health Canada RF exposureguidelines,if you wear a radio on your body when transmitting,always place the radio in a Motorola-supplied or approved clip,holder,holster,case or body harness for this e of non-Motorola-approved accessories may exceed FCC/Health Canada RF exposure guidelines.If you do not use one of the Motorola-supplied or approved body-worn accessories and are not using the radio held in the normal useposition,ensure the radio and its antenna are at least 1inch (2.5cm)from your body when transmitting.Data OperationIf applicable,when using any data feature of the radio with or without an accessory cable,position the radio and its antenna at least one inch (2.5cm)from the body .Approved AccessoriesFor a list of approved Motorola accessories,visit out Web site at .Electromagnetic Interference/CompatibilityNote:Nearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI)if inadequately shielded,designed or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility.This device complies with Part 15of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1.This device may not cause harmful interference;and 2.This device must accept any interference received,including interference that may cause undesired operation.FacilitiesTo avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts,turn off your radio in any facility where posted notices instruct you to do so.Hospitals or health care facilities may be using equipment that is sensitive to external RF energy.AircraftWhen instructed to do so,turn off your radio when onboard on aircraft.Any use of a radio must be in accordance with applicable regulations per airline crew instructions.Medical Devices –PacemakersThe Advanced Medical Technology Association recommends that a minimum separation of 6inches (15cm)be maintained between a handheld wireless radio and a pacemaker.These recommendations are consistent with the independent research by andrecommendations of the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.People with pacemakers should:•ALWAYS keep the radio more than 6inches (15cm)from their pacemaker when the radio is turned ON.•Not carry the radio in the breast pocket.•Use the ear opposite the pacemaker to minimize the potential for interference.•Turn the radio OFF immediately if there is any reason to suspect that interference is taking place.Medical Devices –Hearing AidsSome digital wireless radios may interfere with some hearing aids.In the event of such interference,you may want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer to discuss alternatives.Medical Devices -OtherIf you use any other personal medical device,consult themanufacturer of your device to determine if it is adequately shielded from RF energy.Your physician may be able to assist you in obtaining this information.Safety and General Use While DrivingCheck the laws and regulations regarding the use of radios in the area where you drive,and always obey them.If you do use your radio while driving,please:•Give full attention to driving and to the road.•Use hands-free operation,if available.•Pull off the road and park before making or answering a call if driving conditions so require.The use of a two-way radio while engaged in activities requiringconcentration may cause distraction or otherwise impair your ability to safely participate in such activities.Always use technology safely.Do not place a portable radio in the area over an air bag or in the air bag deployment area.Air bags inflate with great force.If a portable radio is placed in the air bag deployment area and the air bag inflates,the radio may be propelled with great force and cause serious injury to occupants of the vehicle.Potentially Explosive AtmospheresTurn off your radio prior to entering any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere.Only radio types that are especially qualified should be used in such areas as “Intrinsically Safe.”Do not remove,install or charge batteries in such areas.Sparks in a potentially explosiveatmosphere can cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death.Note:The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fueling areas such as below decks on boats,fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities,areas where the air contains chemicals or particles (such as grain,dust or metal powders)and any other area where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine.Areas with potentially explosive atmospheres are often—but not always—posted.Blasting Caps and AreasTo avoid possible interference with blasting operations,turn off your radio when you are near electrical blasting caps,in a blasting area,or in areas posted “Turn off two-way radios.”Obey all signs and instructions.Operational CautionsAntennasDo not use any portable radio that has a damaged antenna.If a damaged antenna comes into contact with your skin,a minor burn can result.BatteriesAll batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive material—like jewelry,keys or beaded chains—touch exposed terminals.The conductive material may complete an electrical circuit (short circuit)and become quite hot.Exercise care in handling any charged battery,particularly when placing it inside a pocket,purse or other container with metal objects.Exercise care when removing NiMH or AAA batteries.Do not use sharp or conductive tools to remove either of these batteries.Battery Charger Safety Instructions:Save these Instructions1.Do not expose the charger to rain or snow.2.Do not operate or disassemble the charger if it has received a sharp blow,or has been dropped or damaged in any way.3.Never alter the AC cord or plug provided with the unit.If the plug will not fit the outlet,have the proper outlet installed by a qualified electrician.An improper condition can result in a risk of electric shock.4.To reduce the risk of damage to the cord or plug,pull the plug rather than the cord when disconnecting the charger from the AC receptacle.5.To reduce the risk of electric shock,unplug the charger from the outlet before attempting any maintenance or cleaning.e of an attachment not recommended or sold by Motorola may result in a risk of fire,electric shock or personal injury.7.Make sure the cord is located so it will not be stepped on,tripped over or subjected to damage or stress.8.An extension cord should not be used unless absolutely e of an improper extension cord could result in a risk of a fire and/or electric shock.If an extension cord must be used,make sure that:•The pins on the plug of the extension cord are the same number,size and shape as those on the plug of the charger.•The extension cord is properly wired and in good electrical condition.•The extension cord size is 18AWG for lengths up to 100feet,and 16AWG for lengths up to 150feet.9.The supply cord of the AC adaptor cannot be replaced.If the cord is damaged,call customer service at 1-800-638-5119or e-mail us at ************************.Your Motorola radio operates on General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS)frequencies and is subject to the Rules and Regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).The FCC requires that all operators using GMRS frequencies obtain a radio license before operating their equipment.To obtain the FCC forms,please visit the FCC’s Web site at /uls/index.htm?job=home to source form 605and 159,which includes all the instructions you will need.If you wish to have the document faxed or mailed,or if you have questions,please use the following contact information:Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Motorola may void the user’s authority granted by the FCC to operate this radio and should not be made.To comply with FCC requirements,transmitter adjustments should be made only by or under the supervision of a person certified as technically qualified to perform transmitter maintenance and repairs in the private land mobile and fixed services as certified by an organization representative of the user of those services.Replacement of anytransmitter component (crystal,semiconductor,etc.)not authorized by the FCC equipment authorization for this radio could violate FCC rules.Note:Use of this radio outside the country where it was intended to be distributed is subject to government regulations and may be prohibited.–Battery Meter –Scan–Transmitting –Receiving –Auto Power On/Off –Talk Confirmation Tone (Roger Beep)–Volume–Lock–Call Tone,Keypad Tone–On/Off for each feature Numbers Call TonesContinued on backMB SeriesPTT PTTRemoving the NiMH Battery Pack (Optional Accesory)1.Turn the radio off.2.With the back of the radio facing you,lift the battery latch up torelease the battery cover and remove the cover.3.Gently remove the NiMH battery by easing it out.4.Reposition the battery cover and press down to secure.Removing the Three AAA Alkaline Batteries1.Turn the radio off.2.With the back of the radio facing you,lift the battery latch up torelease the battery cover and remove the cover.3.Remove each alkaline battery by easing each battery outindividually.4.Reposition the battery cover and press down to secure.Notes:•Excercise care when removing NiMH or AAA batteries.Do not use sharp or conductive tools to remove either of these batteries.•Remove the batteries before storing your radio for extended periods of time.Batteries corrode over time and may cause permanent damage to your radio.Using the Plug-in Charging Adaptor (Optional Accesory)The battery plug-in charger (adaptor)provides charging convenience for NiMH batteries in one or both radios.Charge the NiMH battery overnight (at least 16hours)before using it for the first time.After the initial charge,an empty battery is fully charged within 14hours.1.Follow the steps above to install a NiMH battery pack.2.Connect the AC power adaptor plug into the recharging jack at the bottom (right)of the radio.(The adaptor charges two radios.)3.Plug the AC power supply into a standard wall outlet.Notes:•The light will remain red after the battery pack is fully charged.•When moving between hot and cold temperatures,do not charge the battery until the battery temperature acclimates (usually about 20minutes).•For optimal battery life,unplug the charging adaptor within 16hours.Do not store the radio while connected to the charger.•When your radio is plugged into the AC power adaptor,your radio will automatically power off.Low Battery AlertIn addition to your battery meter showing how much battery power you have,your radio will beep to alert you to the fact that your batteries are low.Turning Your Radio On and Off1.To turn on,press and hold until a channel number appears and the radio beeps.2.To turn off,press and holduntil the display goes blank.Volume Press increase or to decrease the volume.The volume level VOL Audio PTTChannels and FrequenciesPTT PTTPTT PTT PTT PTT PTT JackThe MB Series is approved for use in the US only.MB SeriesPatent and Copyright InformationManufactured,distributed or sold by Giant International Ltd.,official licensee for this product.Motorola,the Stylized M Logo,and other Motorola trademarks and trade dress are owned by Motorola,Inc.and are used under license from Motorola,Inc.MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent &Trademark Office.All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.©Motorola,Inc.2010.All rights reserved.Please contact customer service at 1-800-638-5119or e-mail us at ************************for questions/comments,warranty,support or service related to this product.Keypad LockTo avoid accidentally changing your radio settings you can lock your keypad:1.Short pressuntil appears.The current setting On/Off will 2.Pushturn On or Off.3.Theon your screen.When in lock mode,you cannot adjust the volume,but all other functions work as usual.To unlock the radio,press and holdfor a few seconds.Scanning ChannelsUse scanning to monitor channels for transmissions or to find someone in your group who has accidentally changed channels.1.Briefly press until appears.The current setting On/Off will flash.2.Press to turn On or Off.3.Pressto confirm or to continue set up.When the radio detects channel activity,it stops scanning and you can hear the transmission.To respond,press within five seconds.Advanced ScanIf the radio stops on an undesired you may immediately resume the scan by briefly Use With AccessoriesYou can transmit more reliably with the use of optional PTT headset accessories.A PTT headset allows privacy to others around you while listening.Many accessories (sold separately)are available for your radio.For more information,visit our Web site at or .1.Turn the radio off and plug the PTT accessory into the accessory jack.2.Turn the radio on.You may now press the PTT on the accessory microphone instead of the radio.3.Adjust the volume appropriately by pressingLower the volume before placing the accessory on your head or in your ear.Note:The MB Series does not have VOX capabilities,and is only compatible with PTT headset accessories.PTTPTT。
管理制度英文表达
管理制度英文表达IntroductionA management system is a set of policies, procedures, and processes designed to ensure that an organization operates efficiently, effectively, and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. It provides the framework for decision-making, planning, and resource allocation, as well as the mechanisms for monitoring, evaluating, and improving performance.This document outlines the key elements of a management system, including its purpose, principles, components, and implementation. It also describes the benefits of having a well-designed management system and provides guidelines for developing and maintaining one.Purpose of a Management SystemThe purpose of a management system is to help an organization achieve its goals and objectives by providing a structured approach to managing its resources, activities, and operations. It serves as a roadmap for organizational success, guiding decision-making, planning, and performance evaluation.By establishing clear policies, procedures, and processes, a management system ensures consistency, efficiency, and accountability in how work is carried out. It also helps to identify and address risks, promote continuous improvement, and ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations.Principles of a Management SystemA well-designed management system is based on a number of key principles, including:1. Leadership: Effective leadership is essential for the success of a management system. Leaders must set a clear vision and direction for the organization, establish goals and objectives, and create a culture of accountability and continuous improvement.2. Customer focus: Organizations must understand the needs and expectations of their customers and strive to meet or exceed them. By focusing on customer satisfaction, organizations can improve their products, services, and processes and gain a competitive edge.3. Involvement of people: Employees are the most valuable asset of any organization. A management system should involve and empower its employees, encourage collaboration and teamwork, and provide opportunities for professional development and growth.4. Process approach: Organizations are made up of interconnected processes that work together to deliver products or services. A management system should identify, map, and optimize these processes to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and quality.5. System approach to management: A management system should be viewed as an integrated whole, with all its components working together to achieve the organization's goals and objectives. This requires a holistic approach that considers the interrelationships between different functions, departments, and activities.6. Continual improvement: Organizations must continuously strive to improve their performance, processes, and products. A management system should provide the mechanisms for monitoring, evaluating, and improving performance, as well as the tools and resources for implementing changes.Components of a Management SystemA management system is typically made up of several key components, including:1. Policy: A policy is a statement of intent or commitment by top management that sets the direction and goals of the organization. It provides a framework for decision-making, planning, and resource allocation, as well as the basis for defining roles, responsibilities, and authorities.2. Procedures: Procedures are detailed instructions on how to carry out specific tasks or activities. They provide a step-by-step guide for employees on how to perform their duties, ensure consistency and quality in work processes, and help to minimize errors and risks.3. Processes: Processes are a series of interconnected activities or tasks that are carried out to achieve a specific goal or objective. They are the building blocks of an organization and provide the framework for delivering products or services to customers.4. Resources: Resources include all the assets, people, facilities, equipment, and information needed to carry out the organization's activities. A management system should ensure that resources are allocated efficiently, effectively, and in accordance with the organization's goals and objectives.5. Documentation: Documentation includes all the records, reports, forms, and other documents that are used to communicate, record, and monitor the organization's activities. It provides a historical record of decisions, actions, and outcomes and helps to ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations.6. Monitoring and measurement: Monitoring and measurement are essential components ofa management system. They provide the data and information needed to evaluate performance, identify trends, and make informed decisions. Key performance indicators (KPIs) should be established to track progress and assess the effectiveness of the system. Implementation of a Management SystemImplementing a management system requires a systematic and structured approach that involves several key steps, including:1. Define the scope and objectives of the management system: Clearly define the purpose, goals, and scope of the management system, as well as the resources and timeline needed for implementation. Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure progress and success.2. Establish policies, procedures, and processes: Develop and document the policies, procedures, and processes required to achieve the organization's goals and objectives. Ensure that they are clear, comprehensive, and easy to understand, and that they are communicated to all employees.3. Allocate resources and assign responsibilities: Identify the resources, people, facilities, and equipment needed to implement the management system. Assign responsibilities, roles, and authorities to employees to ensure accountability and ownership of the system.4. Train employees and communicate expectations: Provide training and support to employees on how to use and comply with the management system. Communicate expectations, goals, and responsibilities to all employees, and encourage their participation and feedback.5. Monitor, evaluate, and improve performance: Establish mechanisms for monitoring, evaluating, and improving performance. Collect and analyze data, track progress against KPIs, and identify areas for improvement. Make changes as needed to optimize the system and achieve the organization's goals.Benefits of a Management SystemA well-designed management system offers several benefits to an organization, including:1. Improved efficiency and effectiveness: By providing a structured approach to managing resources, activities, and operations, a management system can help organizations achieve their goals more efficiently and effectively.2. Increased customer satisfaction: By focusing on customer needs and expectations, organizations can deliver products or services that meet or exceed customer requirements, leading to higher levels of satisfaction and loyalty.3. Enhanced risk management: A management system can help organizations identify, assess, and manage risks and opportunities, reducing the likelihood of errors, failures, and disruptions.4. Greater transparency and accountability: By establishing clear policies, procedures, and processes, a management system promotes transparency and accountability in decision-making and performance, leading to increased trust and credibility.5. Improved employee engagement: By involving and empowering employees in the management system, organizations can boost morale, motivation, and productivity, leading to higher levels of engagement and retention.6. Competitive advantage: A well-designed management system can help organizations differentiate themselves from their competitors, attract new customers, and retain existing ones, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage.ConclusionA management system is a critical component of organizational success, providing the framework for decision-making, planning, and performance evaluation. By following the principles and components outlined in this document, organizations can develop and maintain a well-designed management system that helps them achieve their goals and objectives.By focusing on leadership, customer focus, employee involvement, process approach, system approach to management, and continual improvement, organizations can improve efficiency, effectiveness, and quality in their operations. By allocating resources, defining policies, procedures, and processes, and monitoring and measuring performance, organizations can ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations, reduce risks, and enhance transparency and accountability.By implementing a management system, organizations can reap the benefits of increased efficiency, customer satisfaction, risk management, transparency, accountability, employee engagement, and competitive advantage. In conclusion, a well-designed management system is essential for organizational success in today's competitive and dynamic business environment.。
审核指南中英文对照版
International Organization for Standardization International Accreditation ForumDate: 21 September 2004 ISO 9001 Auditing Practices GroupThe ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group is an informal group of quality management system (QMS) experts, auditors and practitioners drawn from the ISO Technical Committee 176 Quality Management and Quality Assurance (ISO/TC 176) and the International Accreditation Forum (IAF).It has developed a number of guidance papers and presentations (see "QMS auditing topics" below) that contain ideas, examples and explanations about the auditing of QMSs. These reflect the process-based approach that is essential for auditing the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems - Requirements.The guidance is primarily aimed at QMS auditors, consultants and quality practitioners, but is not definitive. The papers and presentations reflect a number of different views in QMS auditing. As such, their content may not always be consistent. It is not intended that the guidance will be used as specified requirements, an industry benchmark, or as criteria that all QMS auditors, consultants or practitioners have to follow.QMS auditing topics•The need for a 2-stage approach to auditing 2阶段审核的必要性•Measuring QMS effectiveness and improvements测量QMS的有效性及其改进•Identification of processes 过程的识别•Understanding the process approach 过程方法的理解•Determination of the “where appropriate” processes 确定”适当的”过程•Auditing the “where appropriate” requirements审核”适当的”要求•Demonstrating conformity to the standard 证明符合标准•Linking an audit of a particular task, activity or process to the overall system•Auditing continual improvement 审核持续改进•Auditing a QMS which has minimum documentation审核QMS文件化的最低要求•How to audit top management processes 如何审核最高管理层•The role and value of the audit checklist 审核检查表的角色和价值•Scope of ISO 9001:2000, Scope of Quality Management System and Defining Scope of Certification ISO9001：2000的范围，质量管理体系的范围和定义认证范围•How to Add Value during the audit process审核过程如何增值•Auditing competence and the effectiveness of actions taken审核能力要求和采取措施的有效性•Auditing Statutory and Regulatory requirements审核法规和指令要求•Auditing the Quality Policy andQuality Objectives审核质量方针和质量目标•Auditing ISO 9001, Clause 7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices审核ISO9001, 7.6条款监视和测量装置的要求•Making effective use of ISO 19011ISO19011的有效应用•Auditing Customer Feedback processes审核顾客反馈过程•Documenting a Nonconformity文件化不符合项•Guidance for reviewing and closing nonconformities评审和关闭不符合项指南•Auditing Internal Communications审核内部沟通•Auditing Preventive Action审核预防措施•Auditing Service Organizations审核服务组织•Auditing the Effectiveness of the Internal Audit审核内部审核的有效性•Auditing Electronic Based Management Systems审核电子管理体系A "Zip" file of all the above documents is also available. 可获得以上文件的ZIP档。
instruction(完成)
– One operand can be memory.
Load-store architectures
– All operands are registers (except for load/store) 3
Four Architecture Classes
Instructions for Control Flow
Instruction Format
The Role of Compilers
The MIPS Architecture
Conclusion
CDA 5155 – Spring 2012
Copyright © 2012 Prabhat Mishra
Some architectures support a decimal format
Packed decimal or binary-coded decimal (BCD)
Why?
(0.10)10 = (?)2 Answers
0.10 0.0001 0.1010 0.000110011
Some decimal fractions does not have exact representation in binary.
SPEC CPU2000 on Alpha
Sign bit is not counted
© 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
12
Addressing Mode for FFT
FFTs start or end their processing with data shuffled in a particular order.
经科版BEC中级课文辅导unit2b
Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters. 不管他们谁被任命，他们都会继续承担所有财政上的责任。
Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director. …将会担任总经理⼀职。
3 to be based on the idea that something else is correct 假设The theory assumes that both labour and capital are mobile. 这个理论假设劳动⼒和资⾦可以移动。
Explanation：Assuming too muchPara.3adapt verb1 [intransitive and transitive] to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation使适应；使适合The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. 孩⼦们觉得适应新学校很困难。
adapt yourself/itself etc (to something)How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments? 这些昆⾍是怎样适应新环境的？2 [transitive] to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose 调整adapt something to do somethingThe car has been adapted to take unleaded gas. 这辆车被改装成⼀辆可以加装⽆铅汽油的车辆。
instruction用法
instruction用法“Instruction”主要有以下用法：一、基本用法1. 作名词，表示“指示；指令；教导；用法说明”等意思。
- I followed the instruction on the package carefully. (我仔细地按照包裹上的说明操作。
)- The teacher's instruction helped me a great deal in my study. (老师的教导在我的学习中帮了大忙。
)2. 作动词，“instruct”的名词形式，不过“instruction”作动词用法比较少见，主要是“instruct”来表示“指示；指导；通知”等动作。
二、固定搭配1. give instructions（给予指示）- The boss gave instructions to the employees about the new project. (老板就新项目向员工们给出指示。
)- My mom gave me instructions on how to bake a cake. (我妈妈告诉我如何烤蛋糕的步骤。
)2. follow instructions（遵循指示）- If you follow the instructions, you can assemble the furniture easily. (如果你遵循指示，你能轻松组装家具。
)- She always follows the instructions in the recipe when cooking. (她做饭时总是按照食谱上的指示来做。
)3. ask for instructions（请求指示）- The new worker asked for instructions from the supervisor. (新工人向主管请求指示。
)- I'm not sure what to do, so I'll ask for instructions. (我不确定该做什么，所以我要请求指示。
国际酒店管理制度(中英文)
作为集团一员，您有机会不受区域限制到世界各地工作在您的努力之下，我们这个年轻、充 满省略并且迅速发展的集团一定能成为世界顶尖的酒店集团之一。 Once again, welcome and if there is anything I can do to meet both yours and the guests’ expectations ,please do let me know. 再一次欢迎您的加入，请告诉我一切可以达到客人和您的期望的建议。 Kind regards, 衷心的祝福 Maximilian Lennkh 林柯 Area General Manager 区域总经理 BANYAN TREE LIJIANG MISSION STATEMENT 丽江悦榕酒店集团的宗旨 We are going to be the best hotel of Yunnan province and one of the best hotels in China. With our knowledge and dedication we are going to achieve this simple goal. 我们要成为云南省和全中国最好的酒店之一。我们坚信，凭借我们的专业技能和敬业精神， 要达到这个目标并不困难。 PART1 第一节 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO BANYAN TREE 悦榕集团简介 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO BANYAN TREE 悦榕集团简介 History of Banyan Tree 悦榕集团的历史 For over a millennium, from medieval-traders to sixteenth-European-adventurers, 盛世千年之后，根据十六世纪欧洲探险者的记载，锡被用在普吉（泰国）的主要工业上。十 九世纪后期，大部分的中国移民使用了锡的工业技术。他们在海边和地面大量开采锡矿最终 导致土壤本侵蚀破坏。这个被侵蚀的地方被称为班陶湾，也就是现在的变吉岛。 最初的创意来源 尽管第一次使用悦榕集团的名称是在 1995 年底，但早在下年前即 1985 年，华昌集团董事长 HO KWON PING 先生就在泰国变吉岛购买了 1000 贡亩荒弃的锡矿基地。当时班陶湾被严重侵 蚀，情况相当恶劣，甚至联合国都在 1977 年正式宣布放弃了在那里的发展计划。泰国旅游 局对这个地方的调研也得出了同样的结论，但是他们希望尽一切可能保护当地的自然资源。 当地的土质已经完全不适合任何蔬果的种植。班陶湾被认定一片充满坑洼和荒地，不能进行 任何开发的土地。 HO 先生的构想是开发这块被曾被除数联合国于 1977 年定性为“无可救药”的废土，并将其 创建为亚洲第一个综合度假胜地。当所有的专家都认为这里的海湾已经被化学物质污染，没 有鱼类可能生存；这里的土地极度贫瘠、甚至寸草不生的时候，HO KWON PING 先生以独特 的视角发现了这块土地的发展潜力。 今天，普吉岛已经成为亚洲第一个联合度假村和泰国最负盛名的旅游胜地。综合高级住所和 动力与休闲设施的选择，客人可以住在度假酒店里集吃、住、行、游于一体。这种独特的联 合理念包括：度假酒店之间陆上和海湾的免费交通、及享受普吉岛上超过 25 家餐厅和酒吧 的特别优惠。 Laguna Phuket includes five luxury hotels namely, Laguna Club, Dusit Laguna, Sheraton Grande Laguna Beach ,the Allamanda Laguna Phuket suites hotel ,and Banyan Tree Phuket Hotel Golf Club and Spa . In addition there is, Quest Laguna Phuket Adventure and Canal Village, a shopping and entertainment complex . 普吉岛上有五家高级酒店，他们的名称是：Laguna Beach Club ,Dusit Laguna ,Shetaton
embark用法 -回复
embark用法-回复Embark is a versatile word that can be used in various contexts and situations. In this article, we will explore the different meanings and usages of the word, ranging from its literal sense of beginning a journey or undertaking a task to its figurative sense of starting a new phase in life or pursuing a new goal.In its most literal sense, embark refers to the act of starting a journey or boarding a vehicle. When embarking on a physical journey, one prepares oneself for the upcoming adventure. This could involve researching the destination, packing necessary items, and making necessary arrangements such as booking accommodations or purchasing tickets. For example, if someone plans to embark on a trip to a foreign country, they may need to obtain a passport, take care of visa requirements, and ensure they have enough funds for their expenses.Similarly, people can embark on metaphorical journeys or undertakings. This could involve starting a new project, taking on a new job or role, or even pursuing a personal goal. Just like preparing for a physical journey, embarking on a new endeavor requires careful planning and preparation. For instance, if anindividual decides to embark on a career change, they may need to update their resume, acquire new skills or qualifications, and network with professionals in the desired field.Embarking on a new phase in life often involves leaving behind the familiar and embracing the unknown. It requires courage, determination, and a willingness to step out of one's comfort zone. Whether it's starting a new relationship, moving to a new city, or beginning a new educational program, embarking on a new life chapter can be both exciting and challenging.Education is a field where the concept of embark is frequently used. Students constantly embark on new academic challenges, such as pursuing higher levels of education or entering a new area of study. This process often begins with researching and selecting the right educational institution or program, followed by submitting applications and preparing for entrance exams or interviews. Once accepted, the student embarks on a journey of learning and personal growth.Embarking on a creative endeavor is another way the word is commonly used. Artists, writers, musicians, and other creativesoften refer to the act of starting a new project as embarking on a creative journey. This could involve brainstorming ideas, researching, gathering inspiration, and eventually translating those thoughts into a tangible form of expression. The process of embarking on a creative journey can be both exhilarating and daunting, as artists often face challenges such as self-doubt and fear of failure.In the business world, embarkation takes on a different meaning. It refers to the act of starting or launching a new venture or project. Entrepreneurs embarking on a new business venture invest time, effort, and resources into developing a business plan, securing funding, and building a team. The journey of entrepreneurship can be risky and unpredictable, yet it offers the potential for great success and fulfillment.Embarking on a spiritual journey is yet another way the word is used, often in a deeply personal and introspective sense. Many individuals embark on a spiritual quest to seek answers, find purpose, or deepen their connection with the divine. This journey may involve reading sacred texts, practicing meditation or prayer, engaging in self-reflection, and seeking guidance from spiritualteachers or mentors. The process of embarking on a spiritual journey can be transformative, leading to a heightened sense of self-awareness and a stronger sense of purpose.In conclusion, embark is a word with diverse applications. From its literal meaning of starting a physical journey to its figurative sense of beginning a new phase in life, embarking carries a sense of adventure, anticipation, and excitement. Whether we are embarking on a new career, a personal goal, a creative project, or a spiritual journey, the act of starting something new invites us to embrace growth, face challenges, and discover new possibilities. So, let us remember to embark on the journey of our dreams and see where it takes us.。
instructions的用法
instructions的用法Instructions是指指导或说明如何完成特定任务的详细步骤或指示。
它们在日常生活中的许多领域都起到了重要作用，例如家庭、学校、工作场所等。
通过遵循正确的指令，我们能够准确地完成任务，并保证结果的质量和效率。
在家庭中，我们经常面临着许多需要遵循指令的情况。
这可能包括按照食谱烹饪美食、组装家具、操作电子设备等。
在这些情况下，正确理解和遵循指令是确保成功的关键。
我们应该仔细阅读每一步，并确保按照指示进行。
在学校或大学里，老师经常会给学生们提供任务说明。
这些说明可能是关于写论文、解答数学问题、进行实验等。
学生们需要仔细阅读并理解指示的细节，以确保按要求执行任务。
在这些场景中，学生们还应该学会提出问题，以便在不理解或模糊的时候寻求澄清。
在工作场所，指导往往是组织和团队的运作的核心。
无论是生产过程、服务流程还是日常操作，员工们都需要准确理解和遵循给定的指令。
这样可以确保工作的高效性和一致性，并降低错误和失误的发生。
正确地使用指导有助于提高工作效率、避免错误和减少浪费。
为了确保我们从指令中获得最大的效益，我们可以采取以下步骤：1. 仔细阅读指令：确保理解每一步的详细说明。
2. 注意细节：注意任何额外的要求或特殊要求。
3. 寻求澄清：如果对指令有任何疑问或不明确的地方，不要犹豫向相关人员寻求澄清。
4. 笔记和记录：在进行任务时，注意记下重要的步骤、时间要求或特殊指示。
5. 合作和交流：如果任务需要与他人合作完成，确保在团队中进行良好的沟通和协调。
使用Instructions的正确方法对于我们在日常生活和工作中取得成功非常重要。
通过仔细阅读、理解和遵循指导，我们能够确保任务的顺利完成，并最大限度地提高效率和准确性。
instruction用法说明
instruction用法说明嘿，朋友！今天咱们来好好唠唠“instruction”这个词的用法。
你可别小瞧它，这小小的一个词，用法可真是多种多样呢。
我有个朋友叫小李，有一次他在看一个电子产品的说明书，上面全是各种各样的instructions。
他当时就懵了，跑来问我，“这instruction 到底是啥意思啊？怎么到处都是这个词？”我就跟他说啊，“instruction 呢，最基本的意思就是指示、指令。
就像你在军队里，长官给士兵下达的命令，那就是instruction。
”他似懂非懂地点点头。
在日常生活里，我们经常会遇到instructions。
比如说你买了个新的家具，需要自己组装。
那这时候，附带的那本小册子上写的组装步骤就是instructions。
你要是不按照这些instructions来做啊，那可就惨喽。
可能最后组装出来的家具就跟个怪物似的，摇摇晃晃，说不定还会散架呢！这就好比你做菜，要是不按照菜谱这个instruction来，随心所欲地乱放调料，那做出来的菜能吃吗？多半是要被丢进垃圾桶的呀。
再说说在学校里吧。
老师给学生布置作业的时候，也会给出instructions。
“同学们，这个作业呢，要按照我给的instructions来写。
要注意格式，字数要求，还有内容的准确性。
”这就像是给学生们画了一个框框，告诉他们在这个框框里自由发挥。
如果有个学生不听这个instruction，想怎么写就怎么写，那成绩肯定不会好呀。
这就像你开车，交通规则就是一种instruction。
要是你不管红绿灯，不管限速标志，那路上还不得乱成一锅粥？肯定得出事故呀。
我们再来看这个词在计算机领域的用法。
当你安装一个新的软件的时候，屏幕上会弹出一连串的instructions。
这些instructions就像是一个向导，一步一步地引导你把软件正确安装到你的电脑上。
要是你不按照这些instruction操作，可能软件就安装失败，你就没法使用这个软件啦。
embark用法及短语
embark用法及短语Embark: Usage and PhrasesEmbark is a versatile verb that can be used in various contexts to convey the idea of beginning or starting something new. In this article, we will explore the different ways in which the word embark can be used, along with some commonly used phrases. Let's dive right in!1. Definition and Basic UsageEmbark, as a verb, generally means to start or commence a journey, project, or endeavor. It implies a sense of taking the first step or beginning a new chapter. For example:- She embarked on a world tour to explore different cultures and traditions.- The company decided to embark on a new advertising campaign to increase its customer base.- After months of planning, the team finally embarked on their mission to climb Mount Everest.As seen in these examples, embark is often used with prepositions like on or upon to indicate the specific action or project being initiated.2. Embark on an AdventureOne of the most common phrases using embark is "embark on an adventure." This phrase is often used to describe the act of starting anexciting or daring journey, either physically or metaphorically. Here are a few examples:- The young couple decided to embark on an adventure around the world, backpacking through different countries.- With butterflies in her stomach, she embarked on an adventure to start her own business.- The novel takes readers on a thrilling journey as the protagonist embarks on a mystical adventure.3. Embark on a CareerAnother frequently used phrase is "embark on a career." This phrase highlights the beginning of one's professional journey or the start of a new job or occupation. Consider the following examples:- After graduating from university, he embarked on his teaching career at a renowned educational institution.- She decided to embark on a career change to pursue her passion for photography.- The young actor's talent was recognized, and he embarked on a successful career in the film industry.4. Embark on a New ChapterWhen referring to personal growth or a significant change in life, people often use the phrase "embark on a new chapter." This expression signifies the start of a fresh phase or a new beginning. Let's look at a few examples:- After her divorce, she decided to embark on a new chapter in her life and focus on self-discovery.- The retiree embarked on a new chapter by volunteering for various social causes.- Moving to a new city, he embarked on a new chapter filled with challenges and opportunities.5. Other Phrases and ExpressionsApart from the phrases mentioned above, there are several other common expressions that involve the word embark. Here are a few additional examples:- Embark on a mission: The soldiers bravely embarked on a dangerous mission to rescue hostages.- Embark on a project: With enthusiasm, the team embarked on a new project to design a sustainable energy system.- Embark on a relationship: After years of being single, she decided to embark on a new relationship and give love another chance.Conclusion:Embark, as a versatile verb, offers various possibilities to describe the act of starting or initiating something new. Whether it's embarking on an adventure, career, or a new chapter in life, the word is used in a multitude of contexts. By understanding its usage and incorporating relevant phrases, we can effectively communicate the concept of embarking and the excitement that comes with new beginnings.Word Count: 515.。
走心文案英文怎么写
Introduction:In the world of advertising and marketing, copywriting plays a crucial role in conveying the message and capturing the attention of the target audience. However, not all copywriting is created equal. To truly connect with the audience and leave a lasting impact, heartfelt copywriting is essential. This article will guide you through the process of writing copy that resonates with the reader's emotions and touches their soul.1. Understand Your Audience:Before diving into the writing process, it is crucial to understand your target audience. Conduct research to gain insights into their preferences, pain points, and desires. This understanding will enable you to create copy that speaks directly to their hearts.2. Start with a Compelling Hook:The hook is the first few lines of your copy that grab the reader's attention. It should be intriguing, thought-provoking, or emotionally charged. A compelling hook can make the reader pause and continue reading, setting the stage for a heartfelt connection.Example:"Have you ever felt the warmth of a stranger's smile, a hug that lifted your spirits, or the comfort of a simple gesture of kindness? In a world that often feels cold and impersonal, let's reignite the power of connection."3. Tell a Story:People connect with stories. Incorporate storytelling into your copy to create an emotional connection with the reader. Share a personal anecdote, a customer success story, or a narrative that reflects the brand's values and mission.Example:"Once upon a time, in a small town, there was a woman named Sarah who struggled with loneliness. One day, she received a heartfelt letter from a local charity organization that had noticed her isolation. The letter spoke of the power of community and invited her to join a support group. Sarah's life was forever changed, and she became a volunteer herself, spreading kindness and love to others."4. Use Emotional Language:Words have the power to evoke emotions. Utilize emotional language that resonates with the reader's heart. Focus on descriptive adjectives, sensory language, and phrases that convey joy, sadness, love, or inspiration.Example:"As you step into our store, let the scent of fresh flowers and the warmth of sunlight embrace you. Here, you will find more than just products; you will find a sanctuary of comfort and beauty, where every moment is cherished."5. Highlight the Benefits in a Relatable Way:While it is essential to communicate the benefits of your product or service, do so in a way that connects with the reader's emotions. Focus on the positive impact your offering can have on their lives, rather than just listing features.Example:"Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed and disconnected from the world? Our app is designed to help you find peace and balance. With guided meditations, mindfulness exercises, and a supportive community, you can embark on a journey of self-discovery and inner harmony."6. Call to Action:Conclude your copy with a compelling call to action that encourages the reader to take the next step. Make it clear, concise, and emotionallycharged, urging the reader to connect with your brand and experience the transformative power it offers.Example:"Ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and connection? Download our app today and join a community that believes in the power of love, kindness, and empathy. Together, let's create a world where every moment matters."Conclusion:Heartfelt copywriting is an art that requires understanding your audience, telling compelling stories, and using emotional language. By focusing on the reader's emotions and connecting with their hearts, you can create copy that resonates and leaves a lasting impact. Remember, the goal is not just to sell a product, but to touch the soul andinspire action.。
HeadShok Lefty 前叉使用说明书
Congratulations and thanks for your purchase of the HeadShok Lefty suspension system. You have invested in a suspension system that is light weight and offers maximum adjustability and absolute steering precision. This owner’s manual contains important and useful infor-mation regarding the proper operation, care, and maintenance of your HeadShok fork. Please read it carefully and follow its instruc-tions for miles of safe, high performance rid-ing. If you have any questions about your fork or the contents of this manual, don’t hesitate to contact us. See the back page for phone numbers and E-mail contacts.The Lefty fork is a new front wheel suspension device, unlike any other fork on the market. Using an integrated axle and a single leg, the Lefty is as strong and stiff as any standard two-legged long travel fork while being lighter weight. The Lefty is available in three configu-rations—The Electronic Lock Out (Lefty ELO) which features push button lock out from the handlebar, the Dial Lock Out with Rebound adjustment (Lefty DLR) with on-the-fly lock out and rebound damping adjustment, and the Mechanical damper (Lefty M).The axle spindles on the Lefty ELO and DLR are titanium for the ultimate in light weight and strength. The spindle on the Lefty M is cast stainless steel for durability and corrosion resistance.Your HeadShok equipped Cannondale bicycle should have included both a standard owner’s manual and this front suspension specific manual. If you did not receive both of these documents, please download and print one from the Cannondale website Tech Center or call our customer service line at +31 541 57 35 80 in Europe (0930 200300 from U.K.) to have one sent to you.Please note that this manual is meant to sup-plement, not to replace, the Cannondale Bicycle Owner’s Manual. The owner’s manual contains valuable information regarding safe operation, adjustment, and maintenance of your bicycle, as well as more complete warran-ty information. Please read the bicycle owner’s manual thoroughly before riding your bicycle, and keep it and this booklet for future refer-ence.REQUIRED TOOLS:• Metric hex wrench set• Torque wrench• 40mm headset wrench for ELO forkassembly and battery changes (availablefrom tool makers such as Park, Pedro’s orX-Axis)REPLACEMENT BATTERY FOR ELO FORK:• HD300/ Ultralife lithium 9 volt batteryU9VL-J or U9VL (also available fromretailers such as Ace Hardware, HomeBase, Radio Shack, Sears, and True ValueHardware)FORK PRE-RIDE CHECKLISTBefore each ride, check the following items: Stem bolts: Make sure that the stem bolts that clamp the stem to the fork are tight. Each bolt should be tightened to 77-94 In-Lbs (8.7-10.5 Nm). You can check that the stem bolts are tight enough by standing in front of your bicycle, holding the front wheel between your knees, and trying to twist the handlebars from side to side. The bars should not move. Wheel attachment: Is your rear wheel’s quick-release skewer properly fastened? Be sure to read Section 6 of the Cannondale Owner’s Manual on proper operation of quick release skewers. Is the Lefty hub correctly installed and the hub bolt properly torqued to 133 In-Lbs (15 Nm)? See the section titled “Front Wheel Installation” later in this manual for proper Lefty hub installation instructions. Brakes: Are your brakes functioning properly? With disc brakes, the brake pads must be properly installed and free from grease or oil contamination. Also, the brake pads must con-tact the braking surface firmly without the brake lever hitting the handlebar.WARNING: The Lefty fork must be used with a CODA or other compatible disc brake, as the disc brake acts as a secondary wheel retention device. Failure to have a properly installed disc brake rotor on the Lefty hub and a properly installed disc brake caliper on the Lefty fork could allow the front wheel to come off of theZip Tie Switch ClampSwitch BodySwitchWireUpper CollarECUBatteryCartridgeT op CapAir CylinderDamping CartridgeSwitch ClampUpper CollarDamping CartridgeCartridge T op Cap BatteryECUSwitch Body Switch WireTwo Holes Fig.2Fig.3Three Holes Two pinsGripSwitch ClampSwitch BodyFig.4Fig.5Front BrakeLineFig.6Fig.7Fig.8 Fig.9removal and service of the fork’s internals and removal of the leg from the top crown. It should not be necessary to loosen or remove this upper collar. On the Lefty ELO, this upper collar should be removed only to change the battery in the electronic control unit. If the upper collar is loosened or removed, it should be reinstalled with a drop of Loctite 242 (blue) on the threads and torqued to 250 In-Lbs (28 Nm).INNER STANCHION TUBESeveral times a year, or if the suspension boot has been damaged, or if the fork has taken a large or unexpected impact, you should inspect the inner stanchion tube beneath the boot. Before proceeding, make sure that you have two replacement zip ties to reaffix the HeadShok boot. These should be available from your local Cannondale or HeadShok Authorized Retailer. Cut both old zip ties off of the boot and pull the boot up off of the lower boot mount and down off of the lower collar. Clean this area inside the boot of any dirt and old grease. Inspect the inner races and the stanchion tube for corrosion, cracks, or a bent leg.If there are any cracks on the telescoping assembly or if it is bent at all, the fork must be replaced immediately. DO NOT CONTINUE TO RIDE THE FORK! See your local Cannondale or HeadShok dealer.If rust, pitting, or corrosion is present on the inner leg, you should take the fork to your Cannondale Authorized Retailer for inspection. They will assess the condition of the fork and evaluate the amount of structural damage that may have resulted.WARNING: Serious, structural corrosion on the telescoping assembly of a HeadShok fork will decrease the useful life of the fork. Corrosion or cracks on the stanchion tube, or a bent stan-chion tube, may lead to the failure of the fork, which could cause an accident with attendant risk of injury or death to the rider. HeadShok forks that show signs of such structural damage in the telescoping assembly must be replaced immediately.After completing the inspection of the HeadShok steerer tube assembly lightly coat the exposed length of the inner steerer tube and bearing races with a good quality light bicycle grease, such as Royal Purple grease, Finish Line White Teflon grease, or Slick 50 One Grease. Replace the boot onto the lower collar of the HeadShok telescoping assembly and to the bottom of the inner fork tube.Reattach the boot with two zip ties. Make sure that the zip ties are secured tightly.NEEDLE BEARING LUBRICATIONThe needle bearings (which provide the smooth travel of the HeadShok sus-pension system) inside all mountain HeadShok forks should be lubricated every two months or 40 hours of riding. This procedure requires partial disassembly of the suspension fork, and there-fore must be performed only by an experi-enced bicycle mechanic at an Authorized HeadShok Service Center.CARTRIDGE SERVICE AND CUSTOM TUNING The HeadShok system is incredibly versatile and can be easily adjusted or upgraded. Depending upon the model of fork, HeadShok Service Centers can advise you about changing spring preload, spring rate, compression damping, rebound damping, and on-the-fly lock out. See your dealer for more informa-tion regarding the fine-tuning or upgrading of your HeadShok Lefty fork.Like other HeadShok damping cartridges, the Lefty ELO and DLR cartridges can be removed, serviced, adjusted, bled, and rein-stalled. The ELO and DLR cartridges come stock with 5 weight oil. This can be changed to a lighter or heavier fluid for decreased or increased fork damping. Additionally, the damping characteristics can be modified by changing the internal valve shims on the oil piston. The shims on top of the piston control compression damping, while the shims under the piston control the rebound damping. Thicker shims provide more damping. These service procedures should only be performed by an experienced bicycle mechanic at an Authorized HeadShok Service Center. WASHING THE ELOA note on the washing of a Lefty ELO fork: Because of its electronic compo-nents, some care must be taken when washing an ELO equipped bicycle. The electronic control unit is sealed to resist penetration of water and mud when riding, but is not water proof. The ELO unit should not be totally submerged in water, nor should a high pressure water spray be directed at the unit. The best way to thor-oughly wash the Lefty ELO is to use a damp sponge or rag and a little detergent if neces-sary.WARNINGSIf the suspension fork ever begins to make “knocking” or “clunking” noises, or if it ever shows an unexplained increase in travel, or looks like it is extended farther than it was origi-nally, or if the fork loses its ability to lock out (“D”, “DD”, “DL”, “DLR”, and “ELO” type car-tridges only), stop riding the bike and bring it to a HeadShok dealer for inspection. Possible indi-cations of a problem are:• An increase in the fork’s extension or travel.• A stretched-out fork boot.• A stretched or strained front brake cable.• “Knocking” or “clunking” noises comingfrom fork.• A sudden loss of lock out ability on car-tridges which feature lock out.If any of the above symptoms are ignored, the result could be a separation of the fork from the bicycle frame. Separation of the fork could lead to an accident, with risk of serious injury or death.If your bike has suspension, the increased speed you may develop also increases your risk. When braking, the front of a suspended bike dips. You could have a bad accident if your skill is not up to handling this system. Get to know how to han-dle your suspension system well before trying any downhill or very fast biking.Likewise, suspension will increase handling capabilities and comfort of your bicycle. This enhanced capability may allow you to ride faster. But do not confuse the enhanced capabilities of a suspension bike with your own capabilities. Increasing your skill will take time and practice. Proceed carefully until you are sure you are competent to handle the full capabilities of your bike.Only use brakes designed to be mounted to the existing disc brake mount on the fork. Do not attempt to add any brake mount or use any brake device that requires adapting the fork’s existing brake mount. Altering or adapting the existing brake mount or installing new brake mounts will void the fork’s warranty and may result in struc-tural failure of the fork. Structural failure of the fork will result in loss of control of the bicycle, placing the rider in danger of serious injury or death.If the Lefty fork crowns are set with less than 110mm of clear-ance between the tire and the bottom of the lower crown, there is a risk of con-tact between the tire and the lower crown when the fork is completely compressed. If such tire / crown contact occurs while riding, the front wheel could stop suddenly and throw the rider over the handlebars, with risk of serious injury or death.HEADSHOK WARRANTYAll HeadShok forks and their internal assem-blies are warrantied against manufacturing defects in materials and/or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original retail purchase.Not covered under warranty is damage result-ing from improper adjustment or maintenance, lack of maintenance, crashes, or use judged by HeadShok to be excessive or abusive. Please see your Cannondale Bicycle Owner’s Manual for more complete warranty informa-tion.GETTING IN TOUCH WITH HEADSHOKFor warranty related questions or for more information on this or any HeadShok product, please feel free to contact us.Europe (EC):(31) 541-573580USA / Canada:(888) HEAD-SHK (432-3745) Japan:(81) 722-99-9399 Australia:(61) 2-9979-5851******************************** APPENDIXList of HeadShok Lefty specific replacement parts kits:HD220/ Replacement upper collarHD221/Replacement cartridge saddle,fits into axle spindleHD222/Replacement damper sleeve, forDLR and M onlyHD300/Replacement 9 volt lithiumbattery, for ELO onlyHD301/Replacement Electronic ControlUnit, for ELO only13。
杰尼奥厨房柜说明书
ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONSThanks for purchasing one of our products.Please read carefully the assembly instructions before the installation. Do not discard this manual or any of the packaging material until the unit has been completely assembled.▪A ▪C DB F G E H J I K LPO N M T S R Q V U ▪▪▪▪ ▪ ▪ ▪▪ ▪ Door▪▪▪ ▪ Drawer Front▪ ▪ Shelf Back ▪ ▪ ▪▪ Left Shelf panel ▪▪BAMOKJNIHDCVEG PQ SR TUFLL▪MAIN17▪PART QTY.ITEM 12Pcs Long Wooden Pin Cam Lock &Bolt Sets 10Sets 3191Set SlidersSetsRightLeftab abPART QTY.ITEM 248Pcs Short Wooden Pin 44Pcs Screw - 5 x 8mm (Euro Screw)58Pcs Screw TP 10#x1/2''64Pcs Screw - 3 x 16mm 76Pcs Screw - 3.5 x 16mm 84Pcs Screw - 4 x 38mm 917Pcs Screw - 5 x 40mm 104Pcs Cam lock Caps119Pcs Screw Caps 121Pcs Cable Management (Grommet)Handle L Shape (84mm)M3.5x15mm Screw 1Set 13Door Hinge Set (Both parts come joined together)2Sets 15a b 161Pcs L Bracket 2Pcs Z Bracket 186Pcs Plactic Feet Handle L Shape (84mm)M3.6x22mm Screw 1Set 141- Install 48pcs of small Wooden Pins (2) into all panels as shown. Use a wooden or light rubber hammer to avoid damage to the pins. Please pay close attention to which holes you have to use, and do not join any parts yet!2- Attach all the bolts (3) to panels (A), (G) & (Q) as shown above. Please make sure to attach them to the correct holes as some holes are intended for different hardware in subsequent steps.2BDC HM N RSEFILLKJ O3AQG 2334- Install the flat shaped sliders (19) on panels (C) and (D) using screws (4) as shown.Flat Shaped"L" ShapedSeparate the 4 pieces of the sliders (19) according to their shape:- The flat shaped will be used in the next step (2 pieces, both left and right).- The “L” shaped will be used until step 23 (2 pieces, left and right).(T op )(F r o n t )419573E G33167H- Attach L Bracket (16) to the top edge ofpanel (H) using screw (7) as shown.7166- Assemble panels (B) and (H) using screws (9) as shown.B H911911(F r o n t )(T o p )89D99(To p )(F r o n t )H The panels from previous step are shown here from the right side EF- First assemble the panel (E) to panel (D) using screws (9) and attach the plastic caps (11)as shown. Then install the panel (F) to panel (D) by just pushing the wooden pins into the holes.911D 911The panels from previous step are shown here from the left side- Assemble the panel (D) to the panel (H) using screws (9) as shown.1011C918- First assemble the panel (C) to the panel (E) using screws (9), and attach the plastic caps(11) to panel (C), then install the plastic feet (18)to the bottom of panels (B), (D) and (C) as shown.911V- Insert the back panel (V) into the groves of the panels (C) and (D) as shown.The panels from previous step are shown here from the right side DB The panels from previous step are shown here in normal upright positionCDE 18111214MKMNLL- Install 2 pcs of Long Wooden Pins (1) into panel (M) as shown. Use a wooden or light rubber hammer to avoid damage to the pins.- Assemble the panel (M),(N) to the panel (K)as shown.- Assemble the panel (L) to the panel (M) as shown.M151311O- Assemble the panel (O) to the panel (K) as shown.K1617I▪ Assemble the panel (I) to the panel (O) using screws (9) as shown.99J▪ Using screws (9), assemble panel (J) to panel (O), and then panel (O) to panel (K) and attach the plastic caps (11) to panel (J), (O) and (I) as shown.99OThe panels from previous step are shown here in normal upright positionThe panels from previous step are shown here from the backOK1111I1819- First install the grommet (12) into the hole of panel (O) from the inside, then assemble themain panel (A) to panels (I), (J) and (O) using screws (9) as shown.A- First install and align the cam locks (3) into panels (B), (C), (D) and (H), and assemble the main panel (A) as shown and as explained in page 4. Then attach the caps (10) to the cam locks on panels (B). Finally, secure the L Bracket (16) to the underside of main panel (A) using screw (7) as shown.310The panels from previous step are shown here laying down showing the undersideMain panel (A)shown from the underside(F r on t )(Ri gh t )BHDC2021- On the back of the unit, install the corner Z brackets (17) to the top left corner and bottom right corner using screws (6) as shown.SRUQT- Using cam locks (3), and as shown and explained in page 4, assemble drawer side panels (S) and (R) to the drawer front panel (Q). Then slide the bottom panel (U) thru the groves on all panels as shown.- Assemble the drawer back panel (T) to the drawer side panels using screws (8) as shown.22176836817The unit is shown from the back2325- First install the hinges (15) to the door (P) using screws (5), then install the handle (14) using its own screws. Make sure the handle is installed on the outside of the panel.- Place the drawer upside-down andassemble the “L” shaped sliders to the bottom using screws (7) as shown.Please note that the wheels go towards the back of the drawer and the sliders should not protrude from the bottom, otherwise the drawers raise 3/4” and will not fit in the unit.- First install the handle (13) to the drawer front panel (Q) using the own handle screws,then install the cam locks caps (10) as shown.24197714145151313107101315P26Assemble the door (P) to the left panel (C) using screws (5), and adjust the alignment if necessary:(A): This screw adjusts the door up and down.(B): This screw adjusts the door side to side.(C): This screw adjusts the door's depth.PDONE! Before you start using, please read all the warnings in the next page.Enjoy your new unit!5155CDo not exceed the weight limits.Do not expose the surfaces to direct sunlight or to extreme environmental conditions.Clean the surfaces preferable with a soft cloth damped with a solution of mild soap and water,then dry with a clean towel.If you decide to apply a cleaning agent, first test on a small area of the unit that is hidden from view, for example, under the table top.Do not sit on the tabletop.Do not allow small children to climb over the unit, play underneath, or reach inside the drawers and compartments without your supervision.Before moving the unit within the same room or to an adjacent room:a)Remove all objects from the tabletop, drawers and shelves that are heavy or might fall off.b)The unit must be handled by at least 2 persons c)Use both of your hands and bend your knees, not your backs.To transport the unit to a location far away from its current location, it is recommended to properly secure it to avoid breakage during transit.The warranty does not extend to damages caused by accidents, own errors, incorrect assembly,negligence, improper use, modifications, or not heeding the above warnings.The warranty is valid only within the continental United States. If you reside in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, U.S. Dependencies or other countries, please contact the supplier from where the unit was purchased.Making any kind of modification to the unit voids the manufacturer’s warranty.For details on the warranty, please refer to the Warranty Document included with the product,or visit online:/pages/techni-mobili-desk-warranty50Kg (110 Lbs)4.5Kg (10 Lbs)5Kg (11 Lbs)5Kg (11 Lbs)5Kg (11 Lbs)。
剑桥商务英语高级学生用书词汇
Unit 1a Work rolesassist: v. 1、to help sb to do sth；2、to help sth to happen more easily；adopt: v. 1、to take sb else’s child into your family and become its legal parent(s)；2、to start to use a particular method or toshow a particular attitude towards sb/sth: to formally accept a suggestion or policy by voting；specify: v. to state sth, especially by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions, etc.；static: adj. not moving, changing or developing: n. [U] noise or other effects that disturb radio or television signals and arecaused by particular conditions in the atmosphere；interpret: 1、to explain the meaning of sth；2、to decide that sth has a particular meaning and to understand it in this way approach: v. 1、to come near to sb/sth in distance or time；2、to speak to sb about sth, especially to ask them for sth or tooffer to do sth: n. a way of dealing with sb/sth; a way of doing or thinking about sth such as a problem or a task；abreast: adv. abreast (of sb/sth) next to sb/sth and facing the same way；prescribe: v. (used about a person or an organization with authority) to say what should be done or how sth should be done；component: n.one of several parts of which sth is made: adj. [only before n.]:to break sth down into its component parts；approve: v. 1、to think that sb/sth is good, acceptable or suitable；2、to officially agree to a plan, request, etc.；2、[oftenpassive] to say that sth is good enough to be used, or is correct；initiat:v. 1、to make sth begin；2、initiate sb (into sth) to explain sth to sb and/or make them experience it for the first time；3、initiate sb (into sth) to make sb a member of a particular group, especially as part of a secret ceremony；n. a person who has been allowed to join a particular group, organization, or religion and is learning its rules and secrets.procedure: n. 1、[C, U]a way of doing sth, especially the usual or correct way: 2、[U] the official or formal order or way ofdoing sth, especially in business, law or politics；reaction: n.1、what you do, say or think as a result of sth that has happened；2、reaction (against sth) a change in people’sattitudes or behaviour caused by disapproval of the attitudes, etc. of the past；3、opposition to social or political progress or change:occupancy: n. the act of living in or using a building, room, piece of land, etc.:incidental: adj. happening in connection with sth else, but not as important as it, or not intended；n. something that happensin connection with sth else, but is less important:undertake: v.1、to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it；2、to agree or promise that you will do sth: revise: v. 1、to change your opinions or plans, for example because of sth you have learned；2、to change sth, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it:demand:n. 1、a very firm request for sth; sth that sb needs: 2、things that sb/sth makes you do, especially things that aredifficult, make you tired, worried, etc.:3、the desire or need of customers for goods or services which they want to buy or use:presence: n.1、(of a person) the fact of being in a particular place；2、(of a thing or a substance) the fact of being in aparticular place or thing；3、the quality of making a strong impression on other people by the way you talk or behave: summarise: v.to give a summary of sth (= a statement of the main points)；appropriate: adj. appropriate (for / to sth) suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances；v.1、to take sth,sb’s ideas, etc. for your own use, especially illegally or without permission:2、to take or give sth, especially money for a particular purpose:preception: n. 1、the way you notice things, especially with the senses；2、the ability to understand the true nature of sth；assign: v.1、to give sb sth that they can use, or some work or responsibility；2、to provide a person for a particular task orposition；3、to send a person to work under the authority of sb or in a particular group；4、to say that sth has a particular value or function, or happens at a particular time or place；5、to say that your property or rights now belong to sb else；motivate: v.1、[often passive] to be the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way；2、to make sb want to do sth, especially sth that involves hard work and effort；3、to give reasons for sth that you have stated；disparity: n. a difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment；expectation: n. a belief that sth will happen because it is likely；explicit: adj. (of a statement or piece of writing) clear and easy to understand:illustrate: v.1、[usually passive] illustrate sth (with sth) to use pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book, etc.；2、to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.；3、to show that sth is true or that a situation exists；compatible: adj. 1、(of machines, especially computers) able to be used together；2、(of ideas, methods or things) able toexist or be used together without causing problems；3、if two people are compatible, they can have a good relationship because they have similar ideas, interests, etc；distinguish: v. distinguish (between) A and B | distinguish A from B to recognize the difference between two people or things；specification：n.规定，说明infringement：n.侵权pei chart：饼分图，圆形分析图workset colour：定工色牌re-align：v. 重新调整peak occupancy：（酒店）入住高峰期hierarchy：n.等级制的公司superior：n.上级clock in and out：记录上下班时间jet：vi.乘喷气式飞机飞行 a huge say：有很大发言权initiative：n.主动权workshop：研讨班、培训班perception：n.认识，观念，看法attribut：n.品质，特性screen：n.筛选，审查Unit 1b Company structurerepresent: v.1、[often passive] to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.；2、to act or speak officially for sb and defend their interests；3、[no passive] to be an example or expression of sth；hierarchical: adj. arranged in a hierarchy；hierarchy：n. a system, especially in a society or an organization, in which people are organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest:entrepreneur：n. person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financialrisks；entrepreneurial: entrepreneurial skills；feasible: adj. that is possible and likely to be achievednimble: adj. able to move quickly and easilysizeable: adj. fairly large；responsive：adj.[not usually before noun] reacting quickly and in a positive way:responsiveness: n.responsively：adv.inherent: adj. that is a basic or permanent part of sb/sth and that cannot be removed；sequential: adj. following in order of time or place；supervise：v. to be in charge of sb/sth and make sure that everything is done correctly, safely, etc.；supervision: n. hampere: v. to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is mad；relatively: adv. to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to sth else；stable: adj. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail；n. a group of people who work or trained in the same place; a group of products made by the same companycomplexity: n. the state of being formed of many parts; the state of being difficult to understand；refine: v.1、to make a substance pure by taking other substances out of it；2、to improve sth by making small changes to it perspective: n.1、a particular attitude towards sth; a way of thinking about sth；2、the ability to think about problems anddecisions in a reasonable way without exaggerating their importance；3、[U] the art of creating an effect of depth and distance in a picture by representing people and things that are far away as being smaller than those that are nearer the front ；4、[C] a view, especially one in which you can see far into the distance。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Postgraduate Online Application Form InstructionsStep 1: InstructionsThese instructions are designed to help you complete the on-line application as smoothly as possible; we recommend you refer to them at each stage:Step 2: Application FormStep 3: Documents/EssaysStep 4: ReferencesStep 5: Application InspectorStep 6: Submit Application.Fields marked with an asterisk in these instructions (*) are required.reference and warnings or notifications indicated inYour application will also be saved each time you navigate to a new page by pressing the ‘Next’ or ‘Back’ buttons. However, we recommend that you use the ‘Save’ button regularly (located at the top and bottom of each page) in order to ensure changes to data are stored as you go along.What you need before applying:•Your referees’ details (full names and institutional/company email addresses)•Your Qualification details•Your full contact detailsWhat you may want to electronically upload:•CV•Transcripts•Degree Certificates•Supporting essays•Relevant professional qualifications•Evidence of English language ability•Please note: We cannot accept scanned copies of reference letters. References must be submitted online by filling in the details in Step 4 of the application form.Step 2: Application FormApplication Page 1Proposed StudiesAcademic Year of Entry*Use the drop-down list to choose the academic year (October to September) in which your chosen programme begins.Proposed Start Date*1. Master’s programmes: most Master’s programmes (MSc/MRes) commence on the Saturday closest to the start of October. The next available academic year of entry is automatically provided.2. Research programmes (MPhil/PhD/MD(Res): students may commence their programme at any point during the year, but you should ensure that a mutually acceptable date is agreed with your planned supervisor. You need also to bear in mind that many scholarships run from the beginning of October only.If you are currently on a Master’s course which finishes in September and you wish to start a research programme in October immediately after you have finished your MSc study, this is possible. However, you may only start your research programme in October if we ask for completion of your MSc course requirements. If you are asked to pass your Master’s degree, then you will not be able to commence research until you have official confirmation that this is the case, and will necessarily therefore have to schedule a later start date.Choice of Programme*•You may apply for two programmes of study on the application form•Your first choice will be processed first and should therefore be your first preference•Your second choice will only be considered if you are not selected for your first choice programme. This does not apply to applicants for Research. Both choices will be considered concurrently.•Please refer to the postgraduate prospectus on /pgprospectus for further details.You can only select courses or research offered by the Imperial College Business School if you selected this route at the start of the application process.Programme Title: click the ‘Search Programme Code’ link; you can then search for your chosen course by key-word. For example: enter Research to bring up a list of Research options sorted by Department. Enter Math to view all courses with the word 'Math' in the title.Many programmes run in full-time and also part-time mode, shown by FT or PT against the title, with the relevant PT length indicated in months: 24 (two years) or 36 (3 years).If you have not already been in contact with a potential supervisor, search the College website for the research topic or identify the appropriate Department from the following list and then confirm that your area of research is listed on the Department’s website:/pgprospectus/facultiesanddepartmentsPlease note that it is not possible to study part-time on a UK student visa.Proposed Research Topic and SupervisionIn order to assist in the processing of Research applications (MPhil, PhD, MD (Res). EngD)you should state the research area or specific project being offered by the department in which you are interested. Include the name of your potential supervisor if you have already been in contact with an academic member of staff and reached an agreement about a suitable topic.Other Institutions to which you have appliedPlease provide the names of any other institutions to which you have submitted an application for study. This is for information only and will not affect consideration of your application.Personal DetailsTitle*Use the drop-down list to choose your title.Surname/Family Name*Your application will be registered under this name, and it should be used in all future correspondence with Imperial College. Your name should correspond exactly with the name your passport. If you do not have a passport it you should use the name on your Degree certificate. If you have a previous surname please see the next section.Former Surname or Family NameIf your current surname or family name is different, for example due to marriage, please enter your former name here. We will need to see your certificate if the name in which you took your degree is your former name.First/Given Name(s)*Please enter all of your given names in the order in which they appear on official documents.Preferred Name (Known As)Please provide the name by which you prefer to be known.Date of Birth*Please provide these figures as requested, in Day/Month/Year format.Previous Imperial AffiliationPlease indicate if you have previously been an employee or student of the College, by ticking the box provided. Enter your College Identifier (CID) here if known (8 digits). Gender*Please indicate Male or Female.E-mail*Please provide an e-mail address that you can check on a regular basis. Please note that free e-mail accounts may not be able to receive College e-mails, especially those with attachments.Contact AddressesPostal Address (including Country*)This is the address that we will use to contact you. If you are only at your current address for a limited period of time, for example if you are living away from home while studying atuniversity, please enter the date up to which this address is valid, and enter your permanent home address in the next section.Permanent AddressPlease enter your permanent home address here, unless it is the same as your Postal Address.Contact NumbersPlease enter all your contact telephone numbers in this section, making sure that country and area codes are included. If you have provided more than one telephone number, please indicate at the bottom of the section which is your primary number.Primary Contact NumberThis is the number we will use if we need to contact you urgently about your application.NationalityCountry of Birth*Select from the drop-down list; please note that UK is presented as the first option, as Great Britain.Primary Country of Nationality*Please use the drop-down list to choose the country of your nationality.Nationality/Citizenship*Please indicate your nationality/citizenship, including the dates from which you held this, for example, from birth. If you have changed/relinquished this nationality, please indicate this in the To section, otherwise please leave the To section blank.Second Country of NationalityIf you hold dual nationality, please use this section to indicate which nationality it is, and the date when you acquired it.Country of Permanent Residence*This is your usual country of residence.UK Area of Residence*If your usual country of residence is the UK, you must select an area of residence from the drop-down menu. If your country of permanent residence is not the UK, you should not select an area.Date of Arrival if from overseasIf you are a non-UK national currently residing in the UK, please enter the date on which you first arrived here, in Day/Month/Year format.Application Page 2EducationHigher Education*Please list all your academic qualifications. You can include the details of up to three separate Higher education qualifications starting with the most recent, for example, Postgraduate then undergraduate.InstitutionClick on the institution link, type in the name of your University or College to search for and select it: this will insert the Institution Code. Please be careful to choose the correct one!Title of QualificationFrom the drop-down list select the type of qualification awarded (MA, MSci etc) and the type of institution (UK, EU or overseas based).Grades/ClassIf you have not yet received your final grade please leave blank.Award DateEnter the date on which the qualification was awarded. If your qualification has not yet been awarded, please enter the expected award date (in the future).Secondary Education (Highest Achieved Secondary/High School Education)Enter your A-level or equivalent examination results in this section, together with dates awarded. You can enter a maximum of four results so please select those most relevant to your application or area of study.Professional QualificationsPlease enter any membership of professional bodies. If you are waiting to hear the outcome of an application for membership, please enter “Pending” in the Type of Membership, as well as the expected conferral date.English Language Ability Exam Scores*All incoming students to Imperial College must have a good command of the English language in order to cope with, and benefit from, their studies. Applicants must have an acceptable grade or score in one of the recognised tests offered by the drop-down menu. If you do not yet have an acceptable score, it is your responsibility to satisfy this requirement. Candidates who don’t meet the required grades will not be permitted to register.If you have taken IELTS or TOEFL you should scan and upload a copy of the certificate in Step 3 of the application. This can then be verified online by the Admissions team. Please refer to the list of recognised English language qualifications on the College website/registry/admissions/pgenglishIndustrial /Professional ExperiencePlease provide details of your three most recent employment roles, demonstrating that you meet any application requirements regarding professional experience for your chosen programme (especially clinical courses).Application Page 3Financial Support*Please use this section to indicate details of any scholarship funding you have either already been awarded, or for which you wish to be considered (Imperial College awards).•Enter details of any Sponsorship or Scholarships that you have already been awarded for your studies (Confirmed)•You can then enter the details of any awards for which you are still awaiting aDetails entered here are not binding and will not affect consideration of your application for admission. However, they are helpful in indicating if you require funding, and Scholarships Section may contact you regarding schemes run by Imperial College.Please note that you will be required to provide official confirmation of any financial sponsorship, in order to meet the financial conditions of offer.If you have any outstanding obligations or commitments to a current or former sponsor or employer, you should provide details in a separate letter.Referees*Please provide the details of two referees, at least one of whom must be an academic course tutor/project supervisor able to comment on your previous qualification or course and your ability to undertake your chosen programme at Imperial College. Where appropriate, a second referee can provide comment on your professional experience.If you have not studied for some years and are unable to contact a relevant academic referee, please contact the appropriate Admissions team in the Imperial College Registryfor guidance.Please be aware that it is your responsibility to ensure that your referees provide references in support of your application.Criminal Record*To help universities and colleges reduce the risk of harm and injury to their students caused by the criminal behaviour of other students, they must know about any relevant criminal convictions that an applicant has. Relevant criminal convictions are only those convictions for offences against the person, whether of a violent or sexual nature, andconvictions for offences involving unlawfully supplying controlled drugs or substances where the conviction concerns commercial drug dealing or trafficking. Convictions that are spent (as defined by the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974) are not considered to be relevant and you should not reveal them. If you have a relevant criminal conviction, please indicate this by placing an X in the box.For courses in health and courses involving work with children or vulnerable adults, you must tell us (by entering an X in the box) about any criminal convictions, including spent sentences and cautions (including verbal cautions) and bindover orders. For these courses you may need an ‘enhanced disclosure document’ from the Criminal Records Bureau and we will send you the appropriate documents to fill in if that is the case. Applicants who enter an X in the box will not be automatically excluded from the application process. However, we may ask for more information before making an offer of admission.Disability*The College welcomes applications from people who have disabilities and its policy is to consider these on the same academic grounds that apply to all applicants. It is helpful for us to be aware at this stage of any likely requirements you may have during your period of study.DeclarationPlease ensure you have read and understood this section. By completing the box, you are confirming that the information in your application is correct and complete and that you understand and accept the terms of the application.Step 3: Documents/EssaysThis Step allows you to upload files relevant to your application or in support of your academic history. There are three sections where you can upload different types of documents. Compatible file formats include: Microsoft Word Documents (*.doc), Microsoft Excel (.xls), Images (*.jpg/*.bmp), Portable Document Format (*.pdf)When you upload a file it will be converted online into a PDF that will form part of your application form – If there is a problem uploading any file there will be an on-screen notification.Please note that the maximum size of any file that can be uploaded is 2MB. However you are able to upload multiple files, so you may wish to split large files.Selectors place particular importance on the personal statement. Tell us why you are interested in the subject for which you have applied. Describe your academic interestsand reasons for applying to Imperial College. You may upload your personal statement here; alternatively you can manually add text.Please note we do not offer guidance on the length or content of a personal statement.Please use the other pages to upload any scanned information, such as an academic transcript, a recent English language test certificate, an essay (only required for some courses) or any other information you wish to have considered as part of your application. Transcripts should include both the breakdown of marks as well as the rubric of the grading scheme – normally located on the reverse of the printout. Please ensure that both sides are scanned and uploaded.If you have taken IELTS or TOEFL language tests, you should upload a scanned copy of the certificate here. The Admissions team can verify this online, thus saving time in the application process.Step 4: ReferencesThis section allows you to register your referees’ details for online contact and submission of electronic references. Click the ‘Register Referee’ button and you will be asked to complete their contact details as well as acknowledging the requirements of submitting references.Please be aware that it is your responsibility to ensure that your referees provide references in support of your application. If your referees are unable to use the online system, they can send hard copy letters of recommendation on headed paper, in sealed envelopes, to the appropriate Admissions team in the Registry Section 5: Application InspectorThe Application Inspector will check your completed application and highlight any sections that have not been completed or contain incorrect information (for example text in numerical fields).Click the ‘View Results’ button and any problematic fields will be indicated.Section 6: Submit Your ApplicationBefore submitting your application you will be asked to enter your electronic signature. This is the electronic equivalent of signing your name on a paper form. Simply enter your name in the box provided. You do not need a special digital signature.Once your Electronic Signature has been completed you will be able to submit your application. If you are satisfied with your application click the ‘Submit my Application Now’ button.Next StepsOnce we begin processing your application, you will receive access to Imperial College Student e-Service, where you can track the progress and view the outcome of your application.You will receive an email containing your CID reference number (to be quoted in all correspondence), your e-Service username and instructions on how to activate your e-Service account. This email will be sent to you within 10 working days after submitting your applicationPlease contact the Registry Systems team if you do not receive this information after this time, stating your full name, date of birth and programme applied forWe aim to make a decision on all applications within 8 weeks of submission, however duringbusy periods this may take longer. Please bear this in mind when considering any scholarship deadlines or visa applications that may be dependent on your application.Please be patient and monitor the status of your application in Student e-Service. If we require and further information from you in order to give your application full consideration, you will be notified via email. It is important therefore that you add @ to your list of approved senders to ensure that you do not miss any of our details.Once a decision has been made on your application, you will be notified via email and prompted to login to Student e-Service to view the outcome.Thank you for your interest in studying at ImperialYou can find further information and frequently asked questions on our website:/registry/pgprospectus/。