工业工程知识系列Ch6MODAPTS(精)
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MODAPTS
Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards
Predetermined time systems Steps How to be used Classes of motions Allowances Exercises
(From: International MODAPTS Association, Inc. Kalamazoo, MI)
Simultaneous Activities
body trunk
5
7
18”
30”
Note: Body assistance means to require the body to bend slightly (simultaneously with Move). It increases distances not time.
Examples
Type of activity + Time to complete M3P2,W5, etc.
MODAPTS Classes of Motions
Movement
Done by the finger-hand-arm-shoulder trunk system Required to position a part of the arm to perform the Terminal activities
Shoulder directly forward, perhaps body assistance
MODs Distances
1
2 3 4
1”
2” 6” 12”
Extended Arm Shoulder fully left, right, or across the body (M5) Shoulder involving the Trunk (M7)
Low conscious control (G0, G1, P0)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Automatic response Little muscular control, no visual or mental control
High conscious control (P2, P5, G3)
Terminal Activities (cont.)
Auxiliary Activities
Movement
Movements and terminal activities take place in pairs. Movement first then terminal activities
Move to get, move to put Examples: M3GO (move to touch)
Light/small objects vs. heavy/large objects
Award the lowest category that is possible to successfully complete the activity
Movement (cont.)
1” 2” Finger 1 MOD Hand 2 MODs
M3
M4 M4
M3
M4 M4
M4
M4 M4
M5
M5 M4
M7
M7 M4
M7
M7 M5
M7
M7 M7
TWO
18-35 lb
HAND
35-136 lb
M7
M7
M7
M7
M7
M7
M7
Exercises
One hand
Move a 14 lb. box 14” ________ Move a 18 lb. box 3” _________ Move a 100 lb. box 6” _________ Move a 40 lb. box 34” _________ Move a 30 lb. box 10” _________
Carry the object from I-10 to J-10_______ Turn your wrist to view the bottom of the object________ Carry the object to imaginary point H-20_______ Return the object to G-16_______ Carry the object to K-1_______
How to be used
Determine an efficient work method Determine the time/unit for an efficient work method MODAPTS uses modules (MOD) to express units of human physical work (“normal” time- done by qualified, thoroughly experienced employee)
Pick up a pencil from an uncluttered desk. ________ Pick up a straight pin from an uncluttered desk. ________ Pick up a match from a matchbox. _______ Put your pencil point exactly on the period at this sentence end. _________ Put your pencil anywhere on this page. _________
Turning over the page Draw a free hand line approximately 6 inches long
M2 Movements
M3 Movements
How about half an inch long?
M4 Movements
An imaginary 45 degree cone Move forward 18” (inside the cone)
Steps
Determine all the symbols in a work process Assign standard time values to each micro movement Total up the times to find total time/task
(Assuming additivity and independence)
*Employees are required to follow an activity through the end, using their eyes **Provided by the employee’s eyes
Terminal Activities (cont.)
For each activity below, is it high or low conscious?
6” 12”
Forearm 3 MODs
Arm 4 MODs
Extended Arm
18”
5 MODs
Moves with Small/Light Objects
Type
Finger (M1)
Hand (M2) Forearm (M3) Whole Arm (M4)
Movement
Knuckle
Wrist Elbow
M1 Movements
Rub your thumb and index finger together Depressing keys – M1P0 Squeezing trigger – M1P0 Following a body move: 5 x W5, M2G1 Positioning of a washer: M4G3 M2P5
1 MOD = .129 sec. 1 sec. = 7.75 MOD 1 MOD = .00215 min. 1 min. = 465 MOD 1 MOD = .000036 hr. 1 hr. = 27933 MOD
(Standard time with no allowances)
MODAPTS codes
Examples (cont.)
M5 Movements
Outside imaginary 45 degree cone Reaching up to an object from a high shelf – M5P2 Moving an object across the body – M5P0
Predetermined Time Systems
Techniques for studying work methods Work is divided into micro elements that are standard in any activity These micro elements are represented by symbols. Note that in MTM system these symbols are called therbligs.
Two hands
Terminal Activities
What is done at the end of move?
PUT and GET must be joined to a move Influenced by:
Muscular control: precision Visual control: eye action Mental control: mental decision
Done at the end of a movement In close proximity to the things being worked on Walking, bending, inspection, deciding, etc.
Terminal Activities (GET and PUT)
Type Conscious Control
Description
High*
G0
Low
X Touch only
G1 P0
G3 P2 P5 X X X
X X
Pick up easy object No conscious
Pick up flat object,or objects in a bin, hard to pick up object Requires one feedback** (information) Requires two feedbacks
Movement activities are classified by:
Distance moved Body part required to perform the move
Large objects : 16” x 16” x 16” Heavy objects : over 18 lbs.
Moves with Large/Heavy Objects
Weight Limit 2”
ONE 0-2 lb M2
Maximum Distance For Large Object Only 6” 12” 18” 24” 35” 39”
M3 M4 M5 M7 M7 M7
HAND
2-9 lb
9-18 lb
Fully up, down, or across the body (hinged at the waist) Picking up objects from the floor M7G1 M7P0
M7 Movements
Exercises
Hand moves are typically______inches Whole arm move forward 15”_______ Hand turns a nut down______ Reach to the floor while standing______ Using a pen or pencil perform the following and provide the correct code:
Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards
Predetermined time systems Steps How to be used Classes of motions Allowances Exercises
(From: International MODAPTS Association, Inc. Kalamazoo, MI)
Simultaneous Activities
body trunk
5
7
18”
30”
Note: Body assistance means to require the body to bend slightly (simultaneously with Move). It increases distances not time.
Examples
Type of activity + Time to complete M3P2,W5, etc.
MODAPTS Classes of Motions
Movement
Done by the finger-hand-arm-shoulder trunk system Required to position a part of the arm to perform the Terminal activities
Shoulder directly forward, perhaps body assistance
MODs Distances
1
2 3 4
1”
2” 6” 12”
Extended Arm Shoulder fully left, right, or across the body (M5) Shoulder involving the Trunk (M7)
Low conscious control (G0, G1, P0)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Automatic response Little muscular control, no visual or mental control
High conscious control (P2, P5, G3)
Terminal Activities (cont.)
Auxiliary Activities
Movement
Movements and terminal activities take place in pairs. Movement first then terminal activities
Move to get, move to put Examples: M3GO (move to touch)
Light/small objects vs. heavy/large objects
Award the lowest category that is possible to successfully complete the activity
Movement (cont.)
1” 2” Finger 1 MOD Hand 2 MODs
M3
M4 M4
M3
M4 M4
M4
M4 M4
M5
M5 M4
M7
M7 M4
M7
M7 M5
M7
M7 M7
TWO
18-35 lb
HAND
35-136 lb
M7
M7
M7
M7
M7
M7
M7
Exercises
One hand
Move a 14 lb. box 14” ________ Move a 18 lb. box 3” _________ Move a 100 lb. box 6” _________ Move a 40 lb. box 34” _________ Move a 30 lb. box 10” _________
Carry the object from I-10 to J-10_______ Turn your wrist to view the bottom of the object________ Carry the object to imaginary point H-20_______ Return the object to G-16_______ Carry the object to K-1_______
How to be used
Determine an efficient work method Determine the time/unit for an efficient work method MODAPTS uses modules (MOD) to express units of human physical work (“normal” time- done by qualified, thoroughly experienced employee)
Pick up a pencil from an uncluttered desk. ________ Pick up a straight pin from an uncluttered desk. ________ Pick up a match from a matchbox. _______ Put your pencil point exactly on the period at this sentence end. _________ Put your pencil anywhere on this page. _________
Turning over the page Draw a free hand line approximately 6 inches long
M2 Movements
M3 Movements
How about half an inch long?
M4 Movements
An imaginary 45 degree cone Move forward 18” (inside the cone)
Steps
Determine all the symbols in a work process Assign standard time values to each micro movement Total up the times to find total time/task
(Assuming additivity and independence)
*Employees are required to follow an activity through the end, using their eyes **Provided by the employee’s eyes
Terminal Activities (cont.)
For each activity below, is it high or low conscious?
6” 12”
Forearm 3 MODs
Arm 4 MODs
Extended Arm
18”
5 MODs
Moves with Small/Light Objects
Type
Finger (M1)
Hand (M2) Forearm (M3) Whole Arm (M4)
Movement
Knuckle
Wrist Elbow
M1 Movements
Rub your thumb and index finger together Depressing keys – M1P0 Squeezing trigger – M1P0 Following a body move: 5 x W5, M2G1 Positioning of a washer: M4G3 M2P5
1 MOD = .129 sec. 1 sec. = 7.75 MOD 1 MOD = .00215 min. 1 min. = 465 MOD 1 MOD = .000036 hr. 1 hr. = 27933 MOD
(Standard time with no allowances)
MODAPTS codes
Examples (cont.)
M5 Movements
Outside imaginary 45 degree cone Reaching up to an object from a high shelf – M5P2 Moving an object across the body – M5P0
Predetermined Time Systems
Techniques for studying work methods Work is divided into micro elements that are standard in any activity These micro elements are represented by symbols. Note that in MTM system these symbols are called therbligs.
Two hands
Terminal Activities
What is done at the end of move?
PUT and GET must be joined to a move Influenced by:
Muscular control: precision Visual control: eye action Mental control: mental decision
Done at the end of a movement In close proximity to the things being worked on Walking, bending, inspection, deciding, etc.
Terminal Activities (GET and PUT)
Type Conscious Control
Description
High*
G0
Low
X Touch only
G1 P0
G3 P2 P5 X X X
X X
Pick up easy object No conscious
Pick up flat object,or objects in a bin, hard to pick up object Requires one feedback** (information) Requires two feedbacks
Movement activities are classified by:
Distance moved Body part required to perform the move
Large objects : 16” x 16” x 16” Heavy objects : over 18 lbs.
Moves with Large/Heavy Objects
Weight Limit 2”
ONE 0-2 lb M2
Maximum Distance For Large Object Only 6” 12” 18” 24” 35” 39”
M3 M4 M5 M7 M7 M7
HAND
2-9 lb
9-18 lb
Fully up, down, or across the body (hinged at the waist) Picking up objects from the floor M7G1 M7P0
M7 Movements
Exercises
Hand moves are typically______inches Whole arm move forward 15”_______ Hand turns a nut down______ Reach to the floor while standing______ Using a pen or pencil perform the following and provide the correct code: