2020年英语高考备战专题8+阅读理解——记叙文类

专题8 阅读理解——记叙文类
方法与技巧
方法概述
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。

有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。

从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。

命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。

命题方式
考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题学@科@网范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。

此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问
4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。

如：
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New
York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in ter it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .
A.between Arizona and Nevada
B.in the Black Canyon
C.between New York and San Francisco
D.both A and B
【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。

2.间接事实题
解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。

Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。

3、数据推算。

If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .
A.$100
B.$300
C.$350
D.$400
这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。

在做此类题时：
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。

2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。

3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。

考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。

一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题（title,headline）；
2.中心思想(main idea)；
3.短文或段落的主题（subject）；
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。

二、此类题的设问方式
2.What
考点三、推理推断。

推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。

这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，
属于深层理解题。

此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______
10.From the
14.When the writer talks about,what he really means
考点四、词义、句义猜测。

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停
留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。

此类题的设问方式主要有
2.As use
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

1.定义法。

如:
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。

It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。

The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。

2.同位法。

如:
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。

We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。

3.对比法。

如:
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。

后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。

如:
Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility 意思是“可能性”。

5.因果法。

如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。

体验高考
1.[2017·北京卷]
A
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，”Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school
nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky，”Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，”Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
56．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold.
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
D．She shivered terribly during practice.
57．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球女孩Paris 在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭，队友Taylor 对其进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。

文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时，其他人保持冷静并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。

56．B细节理解题。

根据第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知，Paris 突然心力衰竭，所以答案为B。

57．C推理判断题。

根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris得到了及时的救助，所以Paris说自己很幸运。

故答案为C。

58．B推理判断题。

根据第五段中“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing
CPR.”可知Taylor非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知，Taylor是一个勇敢、冷静的女孩，所以答案为B。

2.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
24．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
25．Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A．To rescue a woman.
B．To take care of a woman.
C．To look at a baby owl.
D．To cure a young owl.
26．What made the chick calm down?
A．A new nest.
B．Some food.
C．A recording.
D．Its parents.
27．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A．It's unexpected.
B．It's beautiful.
C．It's humorous.
D．It's discouraging.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。

24. A细节理解题。

根据文章第一段中的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道被救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。

故选A。

25. C细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl.”可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。

文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。

故选C。

26. A细节理解题。

根据文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就平静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。

故选A。

27. B推理判断题。

根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。

作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。

再结合第一段的“However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.”可推测，作者感觉很美好。

故选B。

3.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
B
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theatre and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theatre.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
26．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。

作者深情地追忆了自己和Paul Newman志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。

24. C推理判断题。

由第一段第二句“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul…”可知，摄制组拒绝接纳“我”，因为“我”没有Paul有名气，由此可以推断作者当时名气不足。

25. D推理判断题。

第二段第一句后半部分及后面的内容详细说明了作者和Paul的共同志向、追求与爱好。

尽管两人年龄差距很大，但是因为性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。

26. A代词指代题。

第三段第一句中的belief后接同位语从句，详细介绍了二人的共同信念：if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back(若有幸取得成功，应该知恩图报)。

后句说尽管他们不常见面，但共同的信念让他们心灵相依。

由此可知此处的that指的是belief。

27. B写作意图题。

文章最后一句点明写作目的。

朋友生病住院甚至已不在人世，但他们之间的友情不需要话语就可以珍藏怀念。

4.[2017·天津卷]
B
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has
been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave.
D．A friend approached from behind.
42．According to the author, the woman was probably ________．
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
43．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A．The rich colour of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman's existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________．
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
45．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon ________．
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of travelling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者本来想照一张最好的照片，结果一位女士一直待在那里毁了作者的想法。

后来作者把那个人照了进来，而且还把那张照片挂在了卧室里。

作者通过这件事意识到自己或许也是别人照片里的风景。

41. B细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后面靠近，挡了“我”的视线。

42. A推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“…sigh and appreciate the view.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“She seemed so content in her observation.”可知这位女士沉浸在美丽的风景中，非常满足。

43. C细节理解题。

根据第四段中的最后一句“The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知“我”认为这张照片之所以有了生命力，是因为那位女士在照片中的存在。

44. D推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“…to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理解了人们对美景的共同的爱。

45. A推理判断题。

根据文章的内容：作者要拍照，却因一位女士一直站在那里，所以只好把她一起拍进去。

但后来作者发现照片因这位女士的存在显得更加生动了。

因此可知这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的人生经历的思考。

5.【2016·全国新课标I】C
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17
A provider
B delivery man
C collector
D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B. The donor can only wait for that long.
C. The operation needs that very much.
D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London
B. To Newark
C. To Providence
D. To Washington
【答案】
29-31.B D.B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。

29.B词义猜测题。

根据本段内容I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。

故选B 。

【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。

在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。

30. D细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。

故选D 。

31.B细节理解题。

根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。

故选B。

考点: 故事类短文阅读
6.【2016·北京】B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the
beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brook lyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. V olunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.
A.some friends had lost their lives
B.her neighborhood was destroyed
C.her school had moved to Brooklyn
D.the elderly were free from suffering
60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?
A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B.The people trapped in high_rise building
C.The volunteers donating money to survivors
D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61.How did Natalie help the survivors?
A.She gave her toys to the kids
B.She took care of younger children
C.She called on the White House to help
D.She built an information sharing platform
62.What does the story intend to tell us?
A.Little people can make a big difference
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed
C.East or West,home is best
D.Technology is power
【答案】
59.B60.A61.D62.A
【解析】
试题分析：Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。

看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。

Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。

59.B段落大意题。

A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend
a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。

60.A细节理解题。

根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。

61.D细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。

62.A写作意图题。

根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the
White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。

考点：人物故事类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。

这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。

文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。

有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。

解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。

如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。

2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。

要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。

切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。

3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。

要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。

例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。

7.【2016·天津】B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone.
B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction.
D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
42. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter does better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.
A. His son had the ability to fix it.
B. it would save him much time.
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D. other motorheads would come to help.。