英语句子成分分析高级

（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. • I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • He made himself known to them.
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
（六）. 状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或 整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
1) Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） 2) He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） 3) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） 4) He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） 5) Wait a minute.（名词） 6) Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. • He gave me some books. ↓ ↓ 间接 直接 宾语 宾语 ●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
• There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
Thank you!
人称代词 I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 me我（宾格 ）you你（宾格）him他（宾格）her她（宾格）them 他们（宾格） 物主代词 my我的 his他的 your你的（your你们的） their他们的 her她的 指示代词 this这 that那 these这些 those 那些 反身代词 myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他 们自己 疑问代词 who谁 what什么 which哪个 不定代词 some一些 many许多 both两个；两个都 关系代词 which……的物 who……的人 that……的人 或物 who谁 that引导定语从句 相互代词 each other 互相 one another互相 连接代词 who, whom, whose,what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• • • • He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work. (名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) Do you know Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格)
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语
常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was) 状态：seem, appear, prove --感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 持续：remain, stay, keep,
He told me the news that our team won the game. 从句
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• • • • • • • Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry. （代词） Four plus four is eight. （数词） To see is to believe. （不定式） Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词） What he has said is true.（句子）
• 在系动词后的部分就是表语
1.The war was over.
2.They seem to know the truth. 3.Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5.That remains a puzzle.
6. I don’t feel at ease.
状语有如下10种： 1) How about meeting again at six?（时间） 2) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因） 3) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件） 4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点） 5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式） 6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随） 7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的） 8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果） 9) She works very hard though she is old.（让步） 10) I am taller than he is.（比较）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• • • • • •
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. HБайду номын сангаас looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
(七)同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old. 名词
He himself will do the experiment. 代词
He is the oldest among them four. 数词
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 定 宾 同 状 语 语 语 语 位 语 语