第四册课后答案和Textb的译文

Compre/ietishti of t he Text
ii.
1.He defines greatness a s the lasting contribution which a person makes or has made to human civilization.
2. The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.
3. Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- bom children are
better peacetime leaders.
4. A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.
5. Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.
6. The a b ility to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.
7. They sim ply don’t devote the amount of time required.
8. The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the best form of motivation.
IV.
1. chat
2. acknowledge
3. motivated
4.characteristic
5. despite
6. influential
7. cited
8.obstacle
9. intrinsic10. criteria11. obsession12.innate
13. contribution(s)14. contemporary15. submitted16.morale
v.
1. left behind 5. put up w ith 9. put in
2. rise above
6. going nowhere
10. come up w ith
3. made history
7. focuses on
11. take charge
4. were endowed w ith
8. be b uilt on
12. se t... apart
Word ButWng VI.
efficiency
proficiency
1. fluency
5. t endency
emergency
tendency
2. proficiency
6. frequency
fluency
urgency
3. emergency
frequency
sufficiency
4. Efficiency
VII.
For some students, it’s not that they don’t put in enough time—it’s that they don’t have good study habits.
21世纪大学英语
2. Children perform differently at school. It’s not that they have different IQs一it’s that they are brought up
in different environments.
3. The company is not very productive. It’s not that its staff aren’t talented一it’s that their energy hasn’t
been channeled effectively.
4. I’m really sorry. It’s not that I don’t want to go to the cinema w ith you—it’s that I have to finish my
paper tonight.
5. You have a stomachache. It’s not that the food was bad—it’s probably that you have too much stress
from your work.
VIII.
1.President W ilson didn’t try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed
in international cooperation through an association of nations.
2. Computers don’t teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to
their different needs.
3. We shouldn’t focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency
at present.
4. He dosen’t get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.
5. Teaching success shouldn’t be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be
measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.
Chze
IX.
l.B) 2. C) 3. B) 4. A) 5. D) 6.D) 7. C) 8. A) 9. B) 10. A)
ll.D) 12. A) 13. B) 14. C) 15. A)
Transfation
x.
西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动 力。

“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道；“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并 没有惊人的智力。

有的只是程度上的差异而已。

伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之 上的。

”
他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿•丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。

丘吉尔在全国上 下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。

在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的 一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、失败。

我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会 屈服。

”
XI.
1.Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their fam ily and
educational backgrounds are considered less important.
21世纪大学英语呢
2. His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually
submitted his resignation.
3. If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you’ll go nowhere.
The same can be said of other subjects.
4. Some actors，fame is b uilt on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose
above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.
5. After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor.
He had the drive and passion, came up w ith many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.
6. Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China’s reform and opening-up policy.
Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country’s modernization w ith his unrelenting efforts.
7. W hy could someone w ith a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person w ith an average IQ? It
has to be acknowledged that besides one’s IQ, many other factors have much to do w ith one’s achievements.
8. This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something.
It’s not that she is talented, it’s that she focuses com pletely on drawing their fu ll attention in class. Readi n g Anat ysi s
XII.
A)
1.Para. 4
2. The fu ll name of the author, the author’s professional title, the book’s title and its date of publication.
3. It gives proper credit to the person who did the work and it lets the reader know how to find the book if
they wish to.
B)
1.Responses w ill vary.
2. The paraphrase is probably shorter and thus saves space in the article. Also, a m ix of direct and indirect
quotations gives pleasant variety to the reader.
3. “explained” (Para.6 and Para. 10); “declared” (Para.9); “pointed out，，(Para.l4); “added” (Para. 15)
Guessing Meaning from Context
l.B) 2.A) 3. D) 4.A) 5. C) 6.A) 7. C)
8. C) 9. A) 10. B) ll.D)12. C) 13. A) 14. B)
21世纪大学英语
Comprehension Check
i i .
1. C)
2. C)
3. A)
4. D)
5. D)
6. C)
7. C)
8. D)
9. C IV.
1. scandal 5. transformed 9. humiliate 13. determination
2. stirred 6. faking 10. coherent 14. consoled
3. projected 7. conveyed 11. analysis
4. attain 8. eloquent 12. ra lly
V.
1 • in the final analysis 3. w ithin its grasp 5. appeared on the scene 7. is ... lacking in 9. shake up
2. appeal to 4. make sense 6. pass for 8. cut through 10. at any price
VI.
1. awards —► rewards 3. do —► done 5. rises —► falls
7. People continuously work —► People who continuously work 8.provide for psychological support —► provide psychological support 9. for — of
10. less —► more
2. they —► it
4. decreased —► increased 6. strict —► strictly
Scanning for Specific tnformation
i.
1. an important international newspaper published in Britain
2. nominate the greatest person who has ever lived and give a reason for their choice
3. Shakespeare
4. Walt Disney
5. Jesus Christ
6. Mohammed; Buddha
7. religion; science
8. S ir Isaac Newton; Beethoven
9. his invention of the modem water closet
10. C)
21世纪大学英语
人
4. He send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the author’s thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.
5. A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came back again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more patients could be saved.
6. He does it by citing W.H. Hudson’s gratitude for his w ife’s day-to-day heroism.
7. Those people who do little things for us all year round.
8. It can make people take infinite pains w ith their work.
9. Gratitude is needed a ll the time and none of us can give too much of it.
Vacobufary
in .1. intention 5. trace 9. tribute 13. slammed
2.6.10.14.sincere render conventional
agreeable
3. glaring 7. denial 11. generous
4. sore 8. proof 12. gratitude
IV.
3.5.f ：caught/took my fancy take for granted saved up boast about
refrain from
in one way or another 2.8.10.12.a mistake on John’s part
think twice referred to
took pains w ith
something of fed up
W&tä 8tttW n 0
v.
l.5.VI.
altitude 2. aptitude 3. attitude fortitude
6. multitude
7. latitude
co-worker 同事coexist 共存coordinate 协调
coeducation 男女同校co-author 1. n.(书的）合作者 2. vf .合著cooperation 合作
co-owner 共有者
copilot
(飞机)副驾驶员
4. longitude 8. solitude
/37J 21世纪大学英语
1.coordination
2. coexist
3. co-workers
4. co-owners
5. co-authored
6. Cooperation
7. Coeducation 8. copilot
V II.
1.no sacrifice for the education of the young was too great
2. No price is too high to pay in order to save their lives
3. cannot be too careful in performing an experiment
4. They cannot praise him too much
5. can not be overemphasized
6. cannot be overestimated
C/oze
V III.
l.B) 2. A) 3. C) 4. D) 5. D) 6. B) 7. A) 8. B) 9. C) 10. D) 11. B) 12. A) 13. D) 14. C) 15. A)
Trans/ation
IX.
一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。

我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医 院感谢他的护士。

“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得 要命
“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。

很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励 我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。

”
我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。

因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些 微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。

X.
1.He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.
2. John’s sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in
difficulty.
3. He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp
is proof of it.
4. The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught all the visitors’ fancy in one way or
another.
21世纪大学英语
---
5. A t first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area. Then a careful calculation
of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.
6. Each time he receives a g ift from me, no matter how small, my friend B ill never fails to acknowledge it.
7. The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple’s letter, which is a tribute
to the young man’s effort at im proving their livin g conditions.
8. Though he was fed up w ith the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products
every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.
Reading Anatysis
XL
Responses to all items w ill vary.
^l e xt 容
Guessing Meanittff from Context
l.C) 2. A) 3. D) 4. A) 5. B) 6. D) 7. C) 8. A) 9. C) 10. A)
11. B) 12. D)
Comprehenshn Check
i i.
l.C) 2. C) 3. A) 4. D) 5. D) 6. C) 7. D) 8. B) 9. C) 10. A) Transition
in.
1.许多形式的礼节恰恰是用来掩盖那些由不可调和的分歧所造成的厌恶之情的。

2.有了电话和B P机，人们使得自己能随时被任何人所立即接通，而被认为无礼的并不是打电话打
扰别人的人，而是不肯听电话的人。

3.今天，每个人都声称不仅有权设计自己的礼节而且有权在别人不遵守这些礼节时发火，即使他并
未曾费神让别人了解他的喜好。

、
4.认为人们无需借助全社会达成默契的人为规范就可以“自然地”为人处事，这种想法就像认为人们
可以用一种没有被普遍认可的语法规则的语言来进行交际的想法一样愚蠢。

5.因为如果人人都即兴创造自己的礼仪，那谁也不会理解另一个人行为的含义，结果就会造成社会
的混乱和文明的终结。

21世纪大学英语
IV.
1. 5. 9.
13.apt
undergo
annoyed
blurred
10.
14
2. interpreting
6. reconcile
trivia l
convention
3. presumed
7. intrude
11. fra il
4. distinction
8. acquainting
12. deny
V.
1. 5.give me d irty looks
agree upon
anything out
2. taken offence
6. in accord w ith
10. take note of
3. resort to
7. arise from
4. rather than
8. acquaint... w ith
VI.
1. not just friends and families — not just w ith friends and families
2. his —> their
3. w riting —> w ritten
4. what — that/which
5. extreme — extremely
6. because of they don’t —► because they don’t
7. for — by
8. even they —► even though they 9. harmful —► harmless
10. that — it
Cmprehenshn Cheek
i.
1.B)
2. D)
3. C)
4. D)
5. B)
6. D)
7. B)
8. B)
9. A) 10. C)
9uttinin$
ii.
Title: Courtesy: Key to a Happier World
Thesis statement: Good manners are the happy way of doing things and anyone can improve his manners.
I. The important role of courtesy in our daily life
A. Introductory remarks: From his own experience the author has come to the firm belief that we would
have a happier world if we exercised courtesy in human relations.
B. Many people complain to him about their being rudely treated at home or at work.
C. Good manners are the happy way of doing things
II. Basic ingredients of courtesy
A. A strong sense of justice: a highly developed sense of fa ir play (or fairness).
B. Empathy: a quality that enables people to see into the mind or heart of others, to share their feelings, and 21世纪大学英语
5. This shows that positive expectation can be effective even on mice, who do not, of course, understand
human language.
6. Labeling means thinking of people in terms of the general prejudices which we have about their nationality,
their race, or their gender, rather than thinking of them as individuals.
7. Labels define a broad, heterogenerous group too specifically. They are usually prejudicial, non-inclusive,
and often racist or sexist.
8. This example shows how labeling can create a sense of g u ilt in a person who does not do what is
expected, even when he follows his talents and is quite successful.
Vocabufary
IV.
1.breed
2. accordingly
3. racial
5. inclusive
6. welfare
7. deceiving
9. variables10. uncover11. irony
13. readily14. indifference15. certainty; certainty
V.
1.in terms of
2. due to
3. measures/lives up to 5. consisted of 6. go through w ith7. in reality
W or t t8ti i W n^
VI.
1.unfolded
2. unpacked
3. undo
4.
5. unfastened
6. unload
7. undressing
8.
VII.
1.transmit
2. transforming; transferring
3.
4. transplanting
5. transfer
6.
4. homogeneous 8. irritation
12. verbal
16. superior
4. as often as not 8. in part
VIII
1. 2. 3.
5.As the example in the text makes clear
As I mentioned earlier / As (was) mentioned earlier As is known to all
as (is) agreed on in the contract
as had been originally planned
21世纪大学英语
1.They would rather overwork themselves to make life better for our sake than spend their hard-earned
money on themselves
2. would rather read a best-seller than chat w ith others
3 .would rather confine yourself in the library than go out to meet and talk w ith local people
4. would rather give up my short-term interest than let it slip away
5. would rather not te ll our parents what’s in our minds than sit down and communicate w ith them like
friends
Chze
x.
l.B) 2. D) 3. A) 4. D) 5. B) 6. A) 7. C) 8. A) 9. D) 10. A)
11. B) 12. B) 13. A) 14. C) 15. B)
XI.
某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。

当这种情况发生时，那个学生面对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒v.相反，老师认为这是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误—
—而学生相信了她，并消除了疑虑〜下一次，他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。

艮难精确地确定老师传达的信息：“我期待着最好的成绩中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子。

它的一部分包括显示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬低和恼怒等消极因素。

期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得到的答案将是正确的，而孩子也感受到了那种信心。

XII.
1.Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of students’ exam results and treating them
accordingly. Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to measure up to good standards a s well-rounded people.
2. As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are not readily available
except during office hours. This is due to teachers’ busy academic research, rather than their indifference to the students.
3. This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English level.
But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.
4. Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States, due in part to the diversity of students’
racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.
5. The English are, as often a s not, labeled conservative. Obviously this label is prejudiced. In reality, Britain
is not very different from other European countries in terms of national characteristics. The B ritish are polite, neat, orderly and confident.
21世纟己大学英语
6. Some young people grow up w ith a strong desire for independence. They would rather try hard to go
through life on their own than turn to their parents for help w ith a sense of guilt.
7. Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn’t deceive him or talk
4bout his setbacks w ith irony(ironically).
8. The neighbors’ irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made. However, because of reassurances
that they would stop working at night, they went through w ith the decoration of this apartment.
XIII.
Sample Summary A is an honest effort, but a poor one. It accurately repeats the information from the first half of the article in the w riter’s own words, but this summary does not include any of the ideas from the second half of the article. Additionally, the language in this summary is often wordy and imprecise. This summary would receive a grade of C.
Sample Summary B does a much better job of representing all the information in the article. However, it blatantly copies a number of sentences from the article, a clear example of plagiarism. This student has done a good job of reading the article, but not of w riting an original summary. Because of the plagiarism, this summary would receive a grade of F.
Sample Summary C is a very good summary. It represents all the information in the article concisely, in the student’s own words’ and gives appropriate weight to all the major ideas in the essay. This summary would receive a grade of A.
XIV.
(Sample Summary C is the sample response.)
n e xt S
Guessing Meatiitig from Context
i.
l.A) 2. C) 3. A) 4. D) 5. A) 6. D) 7. C) 8. A) 9. C) 10. D) 11. C) 12. A)
21世纪大学英语
Comprehension Cheek
11.
l.C) 2. D) 3. B)
4. has a good command of facts in his or her own specialized field and tends to give out one fact after
another in a very dry and dull way
5. B)
6. A)
7. The students’ practice of echoing the teacher’s viewpoints
8.Because they want to get good grades.
9. D) 10. expository 11. A)
12. humorous and satirical
Transfathn
h i.
1.那些大学教授据称是去向公立学校的教师示范如何上课更为有效，但他们自己却是些蹩脚的老师。

很多大学生都可以事先预料到这种灾难性的结局。

2.暂且假定有个学生居然设法在这番滔滔不绝的长篇大论期间没有睡着，并足够勇敢地问了一个问
题。

在这样的情况下，知识渊博者便会把这个提问的学生称作“先生”或“小姐”。

3.她一说完最后那句别人听过就忘的话便收拾好讲稿，冲出教室门，向她清静独
处的办公室走去，在那儿她可以从事她感兴趣的专业学术研究—不会受到可能来自学生的干扰。

4.开学大约三个星期之后，事情就清楚了，原来引导者想要学生们去发现他对真理的看法。

在引导
者的民主伪装后面隐藏着一个独裁者。

5.重要的是自我表现，是诚实的对话。

事实上，“朋友”似乎特别喜欢偏离学科内容扯到外面去。

IV.
1.impart 5. morality 9. upgrade 13. hasty
2. intervene
6. outcome
10. sabotaged
14. addressed
3. imaginative
7. exposure
11. schedule
4. guarantee
8. approval
12. emphasize
V.
es scross a s 5. pass on to
9. look forward to
2. might as w ell
6. chiming in
10. came to a close
3. relate to
7. figure out
4. falling apart
8. on the whole
VI.
1. particular — particularly 3. although —► while/and
5. exists —► exist
7. area — areas 2. be referred to gifted —► be referred to a s gifted
4. include —► including
6. m inority —► m ajority
8. hit w ith —> hit
t5J21世纪大学英语
9. The prison authorities gave book-lovers such favorable treatments as allowing them to borrow more
books from the library than norm ally permitted.
10. No. He was angry because the “lights out” often interrupted his reading.
11.To him books were his school.
12. A prison was a better place to study in because it had fewer distractions.
Voeabutary
IV.
l. 4. 7.
10.
13.emulated
miniature
practically
maximum, maximum
intense
2. requesting
5. inevtiable
8. outraged
11. afflicts
14. intervals
3. succeeding
6. sizable
9. craving
12. ignorance
15. correspondence
V.
1.take charge of 5. adjust to
9. along with
2. get hold of
6. reflect upon
10. picking up
3. who live off
7. in person
11. checked out
4. smile (up)on
8. due to
12. stuck out
Word Building VI.
1.indoor 5. inquire 9. impressed
2. influx
6. insights
10. imperiled
3. inhaled
7. immigrated
11. imports
4. input
8. implanted
12. including
VII.
1.you might as w ell te ll me the whole story
2. I think we might as w ell buy this computer
3. I might as w ell be talking to a brick wall
4. we might as w ell have stayed at home
5. I might as w ell sell the farm and try and find a happy life somewhere else
VIII.
1.w ith
2. at
3. on/about
4. on
5. w ith
21世纪大学英语t5(
1.I，m curious about anything you may mention.
2. Some of us like this film.
3. No matter how old we are, we s till can and should learn new things.
4. Jefferson would only accept other people’s opinions after considering them carefully.
5. Dr. Heines took care of every person in the village.
6. The government lawyers tried their best to stop AT & T from controlling the market.
C/oie
x.
l.A) 2. C) 3. B) 4. D) 5. C) 6. A) 7. D) 8. B) 9. B) 10. A)
ll.D) 12. C) 13. B) 14. B) 15. A)
Tronsfation
XI.
我经常思考阅读为我打开的那些新的远景。

我当时在狱中就知道，阅读已永远改变了我的人生历 程。

正如我现在所认识到的，阅读能力唤醒了在我内心潜伏已久的对于思想活跃的渴望。

我当然不是在追求任何学位，那只是大学授予学生一种地位象征的方式3我通过自学所受到的教育使我每读一本 新书就更意识到正在折磨着美国黑色人种的聋、哑和盲。

不久前，一位英国作家从伦敦打来电话问了我几个问题。

其中一个问题是，“你的母校是哪儿？”我告诉他，“是书。

”在任何一个空闲的十五分钟 里，你都会发现我在学习一些我觉得可能有助于黑人的东西……
XII.
1.As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and changed forever the course of my life.
2. He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since childhood. So fascinated w ith books
was he that he never let a day pass without doing some reading.
3. Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has w ith him a book that he wants to read. That
is the way he has read nearly a hundred books in the past three years.
4. When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night in his own room. Each time he heard
the approaching footsteps of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep. But as soon as his mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.
5. There is hardly anything about China he，s not curious about. And to satisfy his curiosity he has decided
to go there in person to see as much as he can.
6. I don’t know/ I have little/no idea what made your son envy that pop singer and try to emulate him in
everything. You might as w ell ask him in person.
7. As soon as he checked out the book from the library, he thumbed through its pages by the corridor light.
8. I don’t think anybody ever learned more in the countryside than I did. In fact, those three years in the
countryside enabled me to study far intensively than I would have if I had attended some college.
^21 世纪大学英语
XIII.
1.Paras. 3 to 8.
2. He uses precise vocabulary such as “slow, painstaking, ragged” to describe his handwriting. He remembers
the word “aardvark” and its definition and uses it as an example for this essay.
3. Paras. 9-16.
4. He says that the library allowed him to check out more than the maximum number of books because he
was known a s a reader. He tells the particularly impressive story of reading after “lights out” by the glow of the hall lights.
5. In Para. 1and in par. 15-16 (the last 2 paragraphs of the essay). Reading made Malcolm X a well-
educated man, able to think critically about his own situation (and that of other African-Americans) and to communicate those thoughts and ideas to others.
V ext
Comprehension Check
\B)
2. Some 30-year-olds who no longer learn anything new are in effect lifeless even if they live to be 70.
3. B)
4. “To know yourself”
5. D)
6. Reading helps you make intelligent decisions about what field to go into, how to prepare yourself for and
how to succeed on the job.
7. D) 8. C)
9. “We are always hungry for experience’，or “We always want as many experiences as we can possibly
get”
10. D) 11. C) 12. persuasive
Recognizing Denotations anti Connotations
11.
1. garret
Denotation: a room on the top floor of a house, directly under a pitched roof
Connotation(s): a small and unpleasant room (an attic), especially rented to a poor w riter or artist; the word “garret” is often associated w ith “poverty，，，“di s com for t，，，and “shabbiness.，，2. fountain
Denotation: source
21世纪大学英语
Connotation(s): It makes you feel “refreshed,” “l i v e l y，” “vi g or ous，，，and “crystal-clear.”
3.slip
Denotation: go away
Connotation(s): It suggests “swiftness” and “a way that is hardly noticed.”
savor
Denotation: enjoy a s much as you can
Connotation(s): enjoy something tasteful and delicious; taste its fu ll flavor and enjoy it properly
4.bloom
Denotation: flower; blossom
Connotation(s): That little bit of “hidden greatness” is compared to a small “bud,” and “books,” to “dew dr ops，” “sunshi n e，” and “fertilizers.”
5.quest
Denotation: search
Connotation(s): The word “quest” suggests a more positive feeling: an important search being pursued in all seriousness and earnestness.
6.three-dimensional
Denotation: looking deep and solid rather than flat
Connotation(s): true-to-life, w ith all typical human fears and lim itations as w ell a s talents
7. stride
Denotation: way of walking w ith long steps
Connotation(s): It suggests steady and rapid progress, made w ith confidence.
8. wealth
Denotation: money and property
Connotation(s): Knowledge contained in books is compared to valuable treasure.
Transfathn
in.
1.对他们和全世界不计其数的其他人来说，阅读是最深层、最充盈的欢乐之源
从早年的学生时代的早期到退休后的闲暇时光都是如此。

2.某些书可以把人的智力扩展到令人难以置信的地步3毕竟，在每个人身上都潜伏着一点伟大的东
西。

那就让书籍使它像鲜花一样盛开吧e
3.把这样的信息与对自己的了解加以权衡，你就有了作出明智的、有远见的选择所需要的一些要素。

4.难怪经验是如此宝贵。

我们根本不可能获得足够的经验p我们甚至不能重新经历我们刚刚经历过
的事情。

5.而且，所有这些经历在我们需要时都随手可得。

书籍从不打扰我们％当我们需要它们时，我们伸
手就可以从书架或桌子上取下来。

在我们方便时，我们就邀请它们来与我们分享它们那令人难以置信的财富。

21世纪大学英语
IV.
1.vocational 5. punched 9. quest
13. supplement
2. surplus
6. comparative
10. lim itations
14. detailed
3. suspense
7. approximately
11. assembly
4. identity
8. overflowing
12. Furthermore
V.
1.to be sure 5. for life
9. summed up 13. beyond belief
2. impose on
6. w ith ease
10. slipped away
14. kept a close eye on
3. a measure of
7. after all
11. choose from
15. breaking her stride
4. lived through
8. a ll too often
12. at your convenience
VI.
1. easy —> d ifficult
2. in twenty-first century — in the twenty-first century
3. Archilochus, who has already described — Archilochus has already described
4. therefore —► but
5. much —► little
6. his —► their
7. w ith —> to .
8. engaged in —> engaged 9. increasingly —► increasing
10. positive —► negative
Guessing Meaning from Context
i.
l.B) 2. C) 3. A) 4. B) 5. C) 6. C) 7. A) 8. D) Comptehenshn Check
i i.
1.C)
2. D)
3. D)
4. They did it by way of the alphabet (or: by teaching her the alphabet).
5. A)
6. one’s physical senses
7. her physical awareness of certain words, in this case the “moon，，
8. D)
9. She came to know that she could learn marvelous things from books w hile away from the schoolroom.
10. (nor had she ever dreamed that) “I would slip into a life-long habit of learning through reading on my
own, and that what I gleaned from books, that is, pieces of knowledge and understanding about things around me, would come to exert such a profound influence over my life.”
11.B) 12. B)
21世纪大学英语
UNIT (i
*7ext /4
Pre-Reading Activities
Listening Passage:
When we think of a person w ith great intelligence, the first image that comes to mind might be someone like Albert Einstein, who changed the world’s conception of space and time, but usually went around w ith uncombed hair and socks that didn’t match.
Clearly, Einstein was a great genius. But did you ever wonder if there was more to life than pure intellectual intelligence? Scientists have recently begun to do so. It seems that intellectual a b ility cannot explain some of the most interesting questions: W hy is it that the smartest kid in school does not usually end up the wealthiest? W hy can some people keep sm iling as they face difficulties that would sink others? In short, why do some people just seem to have a gift for livin g well?
Researchers have developed a theory that there are actually two kinds of intelligence. The first is the traditional “intellectual intelligence” or “IQ” that a person like Einstein had so much of. Now the phrase “emotional i n te l i g e n c e，，’ sometimes referred to as “EQ，，，has been introduced to describe qualities like understanding one’s own feelings, having empathy for the feelings of others, and being able to handle emotions effectively.
EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed w ith a lot of both. Some people have little of either one. W hat researchers are now trying to understand is how the two kinds of intelligence work together. For example, how one’s a b ility to handle stress affects the a b ility to concentrate and put one’s knowledge to use. It seems that IQ accounts for about 20% of one’s success in life; the rest depends on everything from the social class you are bom in, to how lucky you are, to the way your brain is wired. And, of course, on how w ell developed your Emotional Intelligence is.
Key: 1. B) 2. D) 3. C) 4. A)
Comprehension of t he Text
i i.
1.He wanted to observe their ability to resist temptation.
2. Some of them ate the marshmallow immediately and some waited long enough to get two.
3. The ones who held out for the second marshmallow.
4. W hy do different children have different emotional reactions to temptation?
5. Children who have the ability to delay gratification.
6. It is called emotional intelligence and shortened to EQ.
J5921世纪大学美语。