2019-2020学年滦南县第一中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年滦南县第一中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案
解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
In his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.
While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.
Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.
Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.
While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.
1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.
B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.
C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.
D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.
2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?
A. Social reality.
B. Female dreams.
C. Human emotions.
D. Political environment.
3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?
A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.
B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.
C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.
D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.
B
Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.
All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.
But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.
It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.
In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.
We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more
credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?
An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.
If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.
However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?
A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.
B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.
C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.
D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.
5. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?
A. The public.
B. The incentive initiators.
C. The peer researchers.
D. The high-impact journal editors.
6. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.
B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.
C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.
D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.
7. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?
A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.
B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.
C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.
D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.
C
Wolves have a certain undeserved reputation: fierce, dangerous, good forhunting down deer and farmers’ livestock. However, wolves have a softer, more social side, one that has been embraced by a heart-warming new initiative.
In a bid to save some of Europe’s last wolves, scientists have explored the willingness of these supposedly fierce creatures to help others of their kind. Female wolves, the scientists have discovered, make excellent foster parents to wolf cubs that are not their own. The study, published in Zoo Biology, suggests that captive-bred wolfcubs(幼兽)could be placed with wild wolf families, boosting the wild population.
The gray wolf was once the world’s most widely distributed mammal, but it became extinct as a result of widespread habitat destruction and the deliberate killing of wolves suspectedof preying on livestock. Fear and hatred of the wolf have since become culturally rooted, fuelled by myths, fables and stories.
In Scandinavia, the gray wolf is endangered, the remaining population found by just five animals. As a result, European wolves are severely inbred and have little geneticvariability（变异性）, making them vulnerable to threats, such as outbreaks of disease that they can’t adapt to quickly. So Inger Scharis and Mats Amundin of Linkoping University, in Sweden, started Europe’s first gray wolf-fostering program. They worked with wolves keptat seven zoos across Scandinavia. Eight wolf cubs between four and six days old were removed from their natural parents and placed with other wolf packs in other zoos. The foster mothers accepted the new cubs placed in their midst.
The welfare of the foster cubs and the wolves’ natural behavior were monitored using a system of surveillance cameras. The foster cubs had a similar growth rate as their step siblings in the recipient litter, as well as their biological siblings in the source litter. The foster cubs had a better overall survival rate, with 73% surviving until 33 weeks, than their biological siblings left behind, of which 63% survived. That rate of survival is similar to that seen in wild wolf cubs. Scientists believe that wolves can recognize their young, but this study suggests they can only do so once cubs are somewhere between three to seven weeks of age.
If captive-bred cubs can be placed with wild-living families, which already have cubs of a similar age, not only will they have a good chance of survival, but they could help dramatically increase the diversity of the wild population, say the researchers. Just like the wild wolves they would join, these foster cubs would need protection from hunting. Their arrival could help preserve the future of one of nature’s most iconic and polarizing animals.
8. What’s the theme of the passage?
A. Giving wolf cubs a new life
B. Foster wolf parents and foster cubs
C. The fate of wild wolves
D. Changing diversity of wild wolves
9. Which of the following flow chart best demonstrates the relationship between the wolves?
A. B.
C. D.
10. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Female wolves are willing to raise wolf cubs of 3 to 7 weeks old.
B. Foster cubs are accepted by foster parents and are well bred.
C. Man’s hostile attitude towards wolves roots in myths, fables and stories.
D. Foster cubs and their biological siblings have similar growth rate and survival rate.
11. What’s the purpose of the research?
A. To help wolves survive various threats
B. To improve wolves’ habitat and stop deliberate killing
C. To save endangered wolves by increasing their population
D. To raise man’s awareness of protecting wolves
D
You’re in a crowd of people who are all asking for the same thing. How do you make your voice heard above the rest? Be different. Don’t shout. Lisa, 25, was waiting to board a plane flying fromLondontoAustriafor Christmaswhen the flight was cancelled.
“There were about a hundred of us unable to leave,” she says. “Everyone else was shouting at the airport staff. Instead of joining in, I walked up to the man behind the ticket desk very quietly and said, ‘This must be so awful for you! I don’t know how you deal with these situations—it’s not even your fault. I could never handle it as well as you are.’ Without my even asking, he found me a seat on another airline with an upgrade to first class. He was happy to do a favor forsomeone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”
Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy. “It’s human psychology that stroking a person’s ego (自我) with a few well-directed praises makes them want to prove you right,” says apsychologist. “Tell someone they’re pretty and they’ll instantly fix their hair; praise their sense of humor and they’ll tell a joke.”
You need help and there’s ly no reason that the person will want to lend a hand. Allison, 26. a lawyer, realized she’d made a huge mistake on a batch of documents. “The only way I could fix the problem was to get the help of a colleague who I knew didn’t like me,” she said.
Allison then went to the woman’s office and explained her problem. “As I was saying to the boss the other day you’re the only person who would know how to handle a situation like this, what would you suggest I do?” “Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.” Allison said.
12. Whatwould have happened at the airport according to paragraph 1?
A. The departure hall was filled with noise.
B. Someone screamed just lo be different.
C. The passengers waited on board patiently.
D. The airport stuff were rude to the passengers.
13. Why did the man put Lisa on another airline?
A. He admired Lisa’s beauty.
B. He appreciated her attitude.
C. He was ready to help others.
D. He was blamed for the cancellation.
14. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The potential benefits of ego.
B. The strategy to start small talk.
C. The great importance of flattery.
D. The value of humor in daily life.
15. What can we learn about Allison’s colleague?
A. She was a popular lawyer.
B. She was always ready to help others.
C. She always got praise from Allison.
D. She did a great favor for Allison eventually.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Sometimes it may seem like you’re always getting into trouble with your teachers or your parentsand that no matter what you do you just can’t seem to get things right.____16____. Staying busy and active is considered the
first step to make yourself on the way. Here below are some approaches to making it.
_____17_____
Joining a sports team, whether it’s a team at your school or in your community, is a great way to stay out of trouble. Whether you’re playing soccer, basketball, or baseball, team sports are a great way to meet interesting people and to find something to do other than get into trouble.____18____. This can help you calm down and will keep you from using your energy the wrongway.
Join a club
___19___, whether it’s through regular school or another community organization. You can join an art club, chess club, cooking club, debating club, or really all sorts of clubs that can help you focus on something you care about that doesn’t have to do with annoying your teachers or not doing your homework.
Be an active student
Being an active student means a lot, such as showing up on time, not skipping class, raising your hand when you have questions, and doing the work in advance.___20___. If you focus on being a good student, then you can avoid annoying your teachers or your parents.
A. Join a sports team.
B. Keep out of trouble.
C. Thus you can participate in class.
D. There are many ways to satisfy your parents.
E. The best thing to do is to stop trouble before it starts.
F. If sports aren’t your thing, you can always join a club.
G. Joining a sports team will also provide you with weekly exercise.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项While Mary Beth Westward and her two daughters were on___21___last month, her husband Todd made an unexpected new___22___,a wild ruffed grouse（松鸡）.
The small, feathered bird started___23___pecking（啄食）around the Westwards' backyard in April. However, when the girls___24___for their May trip, the bird — which the family lovingly named Walter — began___25___Todd all the time as he did yard work outside.
In the last few weeks, theirfriendship has only grown___26___. Walter has begun flying up to Todd and___27___on his shoulder, as well as appearing outside the Westwards' bedroom window,___28___its human
companion.
In a recent___29___that has since got more than 1,000 likes online, Westward___30___Walter and Todd's adventures. "It's like a dog," she wrote. "It runs up to___31___Todd in the morning and when he comes home and then goes back up and sits on the porch and pretends to be our watch-bird." Westward described the pair's bond as "strange and___32___" but says it's been a lot of___33___to watch.
Westward adds that Todd and Walter's___34___didn't surprise her as her husband is ”very___35___” with animals. Walter, however, hasn't taken the same___36___to Westward and her daughters. Westward says it will just sometimes___37___her and the girls.
According to the Pennsylvania Game Association, male ruffed grouse typically mate (交配)in the spring, with nesting usually___38___in late April. The “tame grouse phenomenon" —where grouse may___39___friendly and approach humans — often occurs in spring, around peak mating season. Some brings up the theory that the birds are likely defending their homes.
___40___Walter, "Maybe it has a family we don't know about," Westward says.
21. A. duty B. business C. vacation D. guard
22. A. neighbor B. companion C. colleague D. member
23. A. rarely B. occasionally C. frequently D. entirely
24. A. left B. made C. paid D. asked
25. A. bothering B. comforting C. attacking D. following
26. A. thicker B. stronger C. longer D. purer
27. A. sitting B. focusing C. lying D. surviving
28. A. acting as B. belonging to C. looking for D. watching over
29. A. letter B. advertisement C. notice D. post
30. A. painted B. admired C. described D. watched
31. A. invite B. pat C. touch D. greet
32. A. unusual B. close C. informal D. common
33. A. fun B. need C. pride D. satisfaction
34. A. participation B. connection C. friendship D. assistance
35. A. reliable B. comfortable C. changeable D. flexible
36. A. love B. interest C. hobby D. route
37. A. ignore B. urge C. abuse D. approach
38. A. existing B. pouring C. occurring D. fleeing
39. A. feel B. sound C. remain D. seem
40. A. On behalf of B. As for C. Apart from D. In spite of
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Lightning is very common butone of the most powerful weather forces to hit the earth.___41.___(actual) , every second about 100 lightning strikes hit___42.___surface of the earth. In some parts of the world, for example in India, summer lightning storms are very common. With the rainy season___43.___(begin) there, storms often cover most of the country's northern area. Last week in June, the Reuters news agency___44.___( report) lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.
If you are outside,___45.___(expert) say you should take cover,___46.___means finding a safe shelter for protection. During a lightning storm, no place outside is safe. If you hear thunder, lightning is close enough to hit you. Most lightning victims (受害者) are in open areas or near a tree.
If you are___47.___(indoor) during a lightning storm, you could still be___48.___danger. Stay off wired phones, computers and other____49.____( equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity. Avoid any areas with running water and stay away from windows and doors. Specialists at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save their lives.It is safe_____50._____( touch)a lightning strike victim. People struck by lightning do not carry a charge.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有十处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）,并在该词下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改十处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I experienced something exciting on my way school last Friday. I saw the 50-yuan note drop from an old lady’s pocket and I want to remind her. The old lady, therefore, didn’t seem to understand what I was talking about, which made me very embarrassing. My friend, Peter, just saw what had been happened. He picked up the notes, went towards the old lady, and asked if she had lost some money or not. The old lady checked her pocket and
realized it was his money. She praised both of us after learn about the whole process.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是学生会主席李华，你所在的城市刚发布了《电动自行车安全管理条例》。

请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们在骑电动自行车时佩戴头盔。

内容包括：
1.骑行者缺乏安全意识；
2.说明佩戴头盔的好处；
3.呼吁同学们在骑电动车时佩戴头盔。

注意：1.词数100左右，可以适当增加细节，行文连贯；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear fellow students,
A regulation has been issued recently that all citizens shall wear a helmet while riding an electric bicycle.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________
Thank you!
The Student Union
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
16. E 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. C
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. D 32.
A 33. A 34. C 35.
B 36. A 37. D 38.
C 39.
D 40. B
41. Actually
42. the 43. beginning
44. reported
45. experts
46. which 47. indoors
48. in 49. equipment
50. to touch
51.(1).school前加to (2).the→a (3).want→wanted (4).therefore→however (5).embarrassing→embarrassed (6).去掉been (7).notes→note (8).if→whether (9).his→her (10).learn→learning
52.略。