试讲 英语定语从句详解
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关系代词引导的定语从句
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2 I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 4 Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
that和which的区别2
⑤以who /which开头的疑问句， Who is the person that you just talked with ⑥先行词在主句中作表语关系词,在从句中作表语时， The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago. ⑦在there be 句型中,指物只用that， There are many apples that are very delicious. ⑧先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略， The reason is that he is unable to operate the machine.
as和which引导的定语从句
2. as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 1 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 2 He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 3 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 4 He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which 5 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
前置定语
后置定语
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语，
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语，
定语从句
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后， 如：1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2 You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面，
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
4. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等， 1 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. T 2 This is the watch for which I am looking. F 5. 先行词是the way,意为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略， 1 I didn‘t like the way that/in which she talked to me 2 The way that/in which he teaches English is interesting. 6.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词， 1 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 2 In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 3 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
宾语
whose
人/事
定语
that
人/物
主语、宾语、表语
which
事/物
主语、宾语、表语
as
人/物/事
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略， 1 Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略， 3 The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定， This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars. 2 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定， I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there
that和which的区别1
1、下面情况不用that: ①介词后面： This is the book about which we are talking now． ②非限制性定语从句中： Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expect. ③当先行词本身是that时： What’s that which is flying in the sky ④先行词后有插入语时： Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
as和which引导的定语从句
3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as 1 I have never heard such a story as he tells. 2 He is not such a fool as he looks. 3 This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 4 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子， 5 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子，
定语从句
The Attributive clause
定语从句
定语
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，
定语用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语 动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语 或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示，主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任，
关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有：when, where, why
引导词的作用
1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词在从句中的位本用法
关系代词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
省略否
who
人
主语、宾语
关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省略
whom
人
as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处，具体情况是： 1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子， 1 He married her, as/which was natural. 2 He was honest, as/which we can see.
关系词/引导词
先行词
引导定语从句的词叫关系词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词
先行词=关系词/引导词
This is the bike which my father bought for me.
which 代替 bike
定语从句
引导词
关系代词
关系副词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 1 The man with whom you talked is my friend. T 不可用who/that 2 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. T 不可用in that 3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用 which/that 指物 , who/whom/that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略， 1 Dad is a person whom/who/that I can easily talk to. 2 Is this the play which/that you were talking about just now
关系代词引导的定语从句
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday. which 在句子中做宾语 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which， 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略， 1 The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. 在句子中做主语 2 Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语
that和which的区别2
2、下面情况只用that不用which和whom: ①先行词为much, little, none, someone, something, anything, all, the one等不定代词， I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off the table. ②先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰， The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine． ③先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just等词修饰， Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe． ④先行词既有人,也有物， They talked about things and persons that they remembered.
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2 I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 4 Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
that和which的区别2
⑤以who /which开头的疑问句， Who is the person that you just talked with ⑥先行词在主句中作表语关系词,在从句中作表语时， The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago. ⑦在there be 句型中,指物只用that， There are many apples that are very delicious. ⑧先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略， The reason is that he is unable to operate the machine.
as和which引导的定语从句
2. as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 1 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 2 He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 3 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 4 He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which 5 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
前置定语
后置定语
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语，
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语，
定语从句
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后， 如：1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2 You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面，
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
4. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等， 1 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. T 2 This is the watch for which I am looking. F 5. 先行词是the way,意为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略， 1 I didn‘t like the way that/in which she talked to me 2 The way that/in which he teaches English is interesting. 6.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词， 1 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 2 In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 3 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
宾语
whose
人/事
定语
that
人/物
主语、宾语、表语
which
事/物
主语、宾语、表语
as
人/物/事
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略， 1 Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略， 3 The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定， This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars. 2 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定， I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there
that和which的区别1
1、下面情况不用that: ①介词后面： This is the book about which we are talking now． ②非限制性定语从句中： Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expect. ③当先行词本身是that时： What’s that which is flying in the sky ④先行词后有插入语时： Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
as和which引导的定语从句
3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as 1 I have never heard such a story as he tells. 2 He is not such a fool as he looks. 3 This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 4 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子， 5 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子，
定语从句
The Attributive clause
定语从句
定语
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，
定语用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语 动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语 或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示，主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任，
关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有：when, where, why
引导词的作用
1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词在从句中的位本用法
关系代词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
省略否
who
人
主语、宾语
关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省略
whom
人
as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处，具体情况是： 1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子， 1 He married her, as/which was natural. 2 He was honest, as/which we can see.
关系词/引导词
先行词
引导定语从句的词叫关系词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词
先行词=关系词/引导词
This is the bike which my father bought for me.
which 代替 bike
定语从句
引导词
关系代词
关系副词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 1 The man with whom you talked is my friend. T 不可用who/that 2 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. T 不可用in that 3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用 which/that 指物 , who/whom/that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略， 1 Dad is a person whom/who/that I can easily talk to. 2 Is this the play which/that you were talking about just now
关系代词引导的定语从句
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday. which 在句子中做宾语 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which， 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略， 1 The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. 在句子中做主语 2 Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语
that和which的区别2
2、下面情况只用that不用which和whom: ①先行词为much, little, none, someone, something, anything, all, the one等不定代词， I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off the table. ②先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰， The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine． ③先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just等词修饰， Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe． ④先行词既有人,也有物， They talked about things and persons that they remembered.