商务英语沟通 chapter 4 Non-verbal(全)

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Far worse, however, is the meaning in Brazil, Germany and a few Mediterranean countries: the circular shape of the gesture gives it the meaning of “anus”, and is therefore used to call somebody an “asshole”, or, by extension, a homosexual.
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II Cultural impact on Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication is rooted in culture, because, first most of our nonverbal behaviors are learned, passed on from generation to generation, and involve shared understandings. Secondly, they represent what a collection of people deemed important enough to codify and transmit to the members of the group.
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Gestures

Another type of gestures are the ones we use when we speak. These gestures are closely coordinated with (与…同时发生) speech.
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2013- signals are powerful: Nonverbal cues primary express inner feelings (verbal messages deal basically with outside world). Compared with verbal messages, nonverbal messages can be more emotional in their appeal and impact than verbal ones.
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squatting

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Japanese

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2) Gestures


Gestures are another aspect of body language. Gestures can be emblems or symbols, illustrators or affect displays. Here are some commonly used gestures:
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physical contact places another layer of meaning on what is being said, and this layer is usually more emotional and forceful than verbal means. for example, your tears, even when perceived by someone from another culture, have a much stronger impact than the words “ I am sad”
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the typical American OK sign
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The “A-OK” sign
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The “A-OK” sign

Mainly used by scuba divers(戴水肺的潜水员) to mean “OK” (to prevent ambiguity with the thumbs-up sign, which means “ascend”).
如假意表扬某人“你干的不错”, 同时向另一个人使眼色 表示不满。


When the father criticizes his son, the son says nothing, but looks at his father angrily.
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When someone made mistakes, he criticizes himself on the one hand, and on the other, his facial expressions shows that how regretted he is. While speaking, people use gestures and expressions to emphasize something. People use gestures, eye contact, head movement or pauses to hint something.
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A pair of lovers say “I love you” to each other, and they hug.
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Examples

When you tell others the direction and at the same time point it with your fingers)
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Nonverbal communication


Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and refined throughout a person‟s lifetime. Children first learn nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating, much as they learn verbal skills.
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Example 1

People often use gestures during heated or tense arguments, such as at this political demonstration
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Example 2

It means time out.
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The “A-OK”

Not so, however, in a few countries in Europe, where the numerical interpretation gives the signal an insulting overtone – essentially you‟re telling them that you think they‟re a „zero‟.
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Body movement (129) Eye contact (p136) Touch(p.138) Smell (p.142) Paralanguage (p142)
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1) posture

It usually refers to the way of how people hold their bodies when they sit, stand or walk.
for example, squatting(蹲坐），

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Nonverbal communication
Humans use nonverbal communication because: 1) Words have limitations: There are numerous areas where nonverbal communication is more effective than verbal ( the shape, directions, personalities are expressed nonverbally)
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Facial expressions

Sour!
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Furious,Anger ...
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Listening
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Example 1


Pointing can have a variety of uses and meanings. A woman pointing her finger in New York City during 2008
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The functions of non-verbal communication


Repeating Contradicting (否定) Substituting(代替) Complementing (补充) Accenting(强调) Regulating (调节)
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Nonverbal communication


Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication without words. It includes apparent behaviors such as facial expressions, eye contact, touching, and tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such as dress, posture and spatial distance between two or more people.
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Body movement




It refers to any little movement of any part of the body. Commonly used body movements are posture, gesture and facial expressions, etc. Posture Gesture facial expressions
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This hand gesture is generally called ‘A-OK’, and in America and the UK is often used to tell somebody that they’ve made a great meal, as talking with your mouth would just be impolite. Essentially the meaning comes out as “great”, or “absolutely fine”.
Chapter 4 Non-verbal communication
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Introduction

Communication in general is a process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Although we usually identify communication with speech, communication is composed of two dimensions - verbal and nonverbal.