牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-9-非谓语及五选四_教案

牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-9-非谓语及五选四_教案
学科教师辅导教案课程主题：17-9-非谓语及五选四
学习目标1.了解动词不定式在句中的成分、用法及否定形式。

2.了解动名词在句中的成分、用法。

3.掌握不定式与疑问代词、疑问副词连用做宾语的用法。

教学内容
第 2 页
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1.掌握动词时态语态分析以及词转专题分析
一.非谓语动词
【知识梳理】
1.动词不定式的用法
1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时往往放在谓语动词的后面，并用it作形式主语。

例：To talk with him is a great pleasure.
=It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
(1)可以用for sb to do sth．来说明不定式表示的动作执行者，即不定式的逻辑主语；某些形容词，如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, polite, clever, wise, foolish, etc.作表语时逻辑主语常用of引起的短语。

例：1t is very important for students to study hard.
It is unwise of him to start smoking.
=He is unwise to start smoking.
(2)常用不定式作主语的句型有：
It's difficult (important, necessary, easy, unnecessary, etc.) for sb to do sth.
It's kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave, etc.) of sb to do sth.
2)作表语：不定式做表语常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生的动作。

例：His wish is to become a skillful worker.
注意：主语部分已有动作动词do（不论形式），作表语的不定式前省略to。

例：The only thing I can do now is go on with the experiment all by myself.
2.动词不定式的否定形式
Not+to+动词原形构成；有时也可以用never to do表示否定意义，语气更强。

例：We agreed not to lend him any money.
He promised never to tell her anything about this.
3.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how，why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语成分。

例：How to use the machine is a question.（不定式作主语）
He doesn’t know how to use the machine.（不定式作宾语）
第 4 页
The question is when to hold the training class.（不定式作表语）
She told me where to find her little brother.（不定式作宾语补足语）
4.too…to结构常表示否定意义
例：It’s too cold to go swimming today.今天天气太冷，不能去游泳。

注意：在以下几种情况下，too…to结构意思是表示肯定，常译作“非常”。

1)too…to与only连用（这时only too=very）
例：I’m only too glad to help you.我非常高兴帮助你。

2)形容词willing，pleased，glad，happy，ready，anxious等。

例：The students are too anxious to know the examination results.
学生们非常急切地想知道考试成绩。

3)与not，never连用，表示“太……不能不”，“并不太……所以能”。

例：She is too wise not to see that．她很聪明，不会不明白那件事。

It's never too late to mend．亡羊补牢，为时未晚。

5.动词不定式有五种不同的主动和被动形式
1) 一般式to do，表示的动作可能与谓语的动作同时发生，也可能在其之后发生。

例：I like to read English every morning.
2)进行式to be doing，表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。

例：He seems to be reading something interesting now.
3)完成式to have done，表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。

例：He seemed to have cleaned his bedroom yesterday.
4)被动式to be done，表示该事情将要被做。

例：The new school in the country is to be built soon.
5)被动完成式to have been done，表示该事情已被做。

例：The sick boy is said to have been sent to hospital already.
6.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
1)在too…to和enough…to结构中，不定式的主动形式可以表示被动意义。

例：The .skirt is too small for me to wear.
The room is big enough to live in.
2)在there be句型中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例：There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
3) easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, pleasant, comfortable, exciting
dangerous, bitter，light，heavy，good，interesting等描述事物特征的形容词，后面接动词不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语常常是物。

例：The picture is pleasant to look at.
4)动词不定式作定话时，若其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，则可以用主动形式表示被动意义。

第 5 页
例：I have a lot of work to do．（I是to do的逻辑主语）
Give me something to eat．(me是to eat的逻辑主语)
7.动名词的用法
1）作主语
例：Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。

Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。

2）作宾语
（1）动词后加动名词doing作宾语V. + doing sth.
admit 承认avoid 避免complete 完成keep 继续appreciate 感激,赞赏
consider 认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest讨厌endure 忍受
enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱prevent阻止fancy 想象finish 完成
imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone 推practise 训练
recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗resume 继续risk 冒险
suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解
forgive 宽恕
例：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
Mr Taylor and his wife enjoy traveling with children.
（2）词组后接doing
admit to，prefer…to，be used to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，be busy，look forward to(to 为介词），no good,no use,It's worth…,as well as, can't help,It's no use /good，be tired of ，be fond of，be capable of，be afraid of，be proud of，think of / about，hold off，put off，keep on，insist on，count on / upon ，set about，be successful in，be good at，take up，give up，burst out，prevent … from…
3）作表语
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
8.直击考点
（1）只能接to + do的动词有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do ①有些动词加to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有：ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth.
（2）加to + do 的重点句型有：
① It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱
② It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样
③ Would you like to…?
（2）后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有：一感(feel) 二听(hear, listen to) 三让(have, make, let) 四看(watch, see, look at, notice) 半个帮助(help可以带to，也可以省略)改为被动语态时，to要还原。

例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.
省略to 的情况有：
①情态动词后
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② why not/why don’t you…
③ would rather… than… doing (否定式——not doing)
（3）加doing做非谓语的动词常考的有：enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth. 加doing的情况有：
①介词后+ doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等
②feel like + doing (喜欢做某事)/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢……)
③to作介词时的几个常用短语：look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing
既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的动词有：begin，start, like, love, hate
既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有：
forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了，但是忘了)
remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做)
remember doing 记得做过某事(事情已经做了)
regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾
regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾
stop to do 停下来去做某事(去做另外一件事情)
stop doing 停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)
【例题精讲】
例1.He promised________his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
A. see
B. seeing
C. saw
D. to see
【答案】D
例2.Mario likes ____ cold hot dogs.
A. eat
B. eating
C. ate
D. is eating
【答案】B
【分析】B
【课堂练习】
第 7 页
1.__________ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 yuan.
【答案】Repairing
2.He prefers__________ (read) books at home to__________ (go) shopping on Sundays.【答案】reading|going
3.Thank you for__________ (tell) me the news.
【答案】telling
4.I’m looking forward to__________ (receive) your letter soon.
【答案】receiving
5.Lucy told me__________ (wait) for her at home.
【答案】to wait
6.Will you please show me how__________ (use) it?
【答案】to use
7.The boy is old enough__________ (dress) himself.
【答案】to dress
8.Would you like __________ (climb) the mountain with me?
【答案】to climb
9.Is it necessary __________ (learn) a foreign language?
第 8 页
【答案】to learn
10.Would you mind not__________ (smoke) here?
【答案】smoking
11.How long do you practice__________ (speak) English every morning?【答案】speaking
12.We’re going to help _____ the trees.
A. watered
B. watering
C. to watering
D. water
【答案】D
13.The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.
A. to draw
B. to drawing
C. draw
D. drew
【答案】A
14.Who suggested ______ it this way?
A. doing
B. to do
C. to be done
D. do
【答案】A
15.It's no good ________ over split milk.
第 9 页
A. to cry
B. crying
C. cried
D. D
【答案】B
【分析】B
二.五选四
【知识梳理】
1.题型概述
该题型旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，是容易得分的题型之一。

2.解题思路和技巧
通常情况下五选四是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。

基本解题思路——通过判断单词的词性、词形和词义，来选择正确的单词。

①首先判断词性
中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，实质是降低了选择的难度。

因此在做选词填空的时候，应当先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性筛选出来。

②通过判断词形确定所填词或短语
判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进行判断，也可以帮助解题：
第 10 页
①首先判断词性
中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，实质是降低了选择的难度。

因此在做选词填空的时候，应当先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性筛选出来。

②通过判断词形确定所填词或短语
判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进行判断，也可以帮助解题：
③通过判断词义确定所填词或短语
词义判断在选词填空中，也是十分关键的。

因此，在中考复习中，需要加强对高频词汇的意义的积累。

平时在记忆单词时，要加强英译汉的训练。

掌握考纲单词以及词组的中文含义，根据上下文的情境，选择出合适的词语或短语。

3.补充归纳——常见词性及用法
【例题精讲】
B.strong
e out
D.raise
E.connect
A.even
though
例1. What do mothers in your country do when a child’s tooth falls out? J apanese mothers throw upper teeth under the house, and lower teeth onto the roof. The Japanese think a mouse can eat anything. So they say, ‘Your new tooth will be
__________ just like a mouse’s tooth!’ In Nigeria, mothers hide the tooth. A Nigerian mom says, ‘Mr. Mouse, please do not eat this tooth, or the new tooth will not __________ .If you eat this tooth, I will look for you everywhere and kill you.’
How interesting that people in both Japan and Nigeria
__________ a baby tooth with a mouse! It’s also interesting that these two countries have similar customs
__________ they are so far apart.
A.dangerous
B.drivers
C.better
D.responsibl
E.service
y
There’s new taxi business in Daker, the capital of the African nation of Senegal. Its name is Ta xi Sisters and all of its
__________ are women. They are getting a lot of attention, because until now only men were hired to drive taxis. In fact, when it comes to driving a taxi, some people think the women can do a __________ job than the men.
Most taxis driven by men are old, hot and uncomfortable. Also, the men usually have bad driving habits. They drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic lights. This makes riding in their taxis __________ .
However, Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new, and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are happy about the change. In addition to the added comfort, they feel that the women drive more
__________ than the men.
【答案】B|C|E|A|B|C|A|D
【分析】1.判断词性，结合句意，应填strong。

句意：你的新牙齿会变得坚固。

|
2.判断词性，应填动词。

根据句意，应填come out。

句意：新的牙齿将不会长出来。

|
3.判断词性，应填动词，考察固定搭配connect... with...，把...和...联系起来。

|
4.根据句意，应填连接词even though。

句意：尽管这两个国家相隔万里，但是他们有相似的习俗，很有趣！|
5.判断词性，结合句意，应填drivers。

句意：它所有的司机都是女人。

|
6.判断词性，结合句意，应填better。

句意：女人可以比男人做得更好。

|
7.判断词性，结合句意，应填dangerous。

句意：这让搭乘他们的出租车变得很危险。

|
8.判断词性，修饰drive，用副词，应填responsibly。

句意：他们觉得女人开车比男人更靠谱。

【课堂练习】
A. discovers
B. equal
C. environment
D. precious
E. expresses
1. The story starts in a city called Zootopia, which is a city like no other. It’s a melting pot whe re animals from every
__________ live together — a place where no matter what you are, from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew(地鼠), you can be anything. But when the happy officer Judy Hopps arrives, she __________ that being the first rabbit on a police station of big and tough animals isn’t so easy. The little rabbit decided to prove herself. She jumps at the golden chance to deal with a case, even if it means working with a fox, Nick Wilde, to solve the mystery （奥秘）.
The film
__________ the meaning that we should never give up on a dream or settle down.
We’re all
__________ , and therefore should treat(对待) others the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of inspiration, encouraging both kids and adults to aim high, work hard and succeed.
【答案】C|A|E|B
2. A. serious B. simple C. against D. cancel E. focus
Many students suffer from stress in their daily lives. They are under stress because their lives are not balanced. They (1)__________ too much non studying, dealing with pressure and worrying about what others think, and not enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a (2)__________ matter. The answer is“Yes''. You should be aware that stress is a danger to your health. If you want to live a 1ong 1ife, you need to begin to fight (3)__________ stress from a young age.
Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life:
Be positive. One way to (4)
__________ your stress is through positive thinking, You should always look on the right side of life, and imagine that you will have a happy and successful future.
【答案】E|A|C|D
1.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
【答案】B
【分析】B
2.This book ______Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on the book cover.
A. must be
B. may be
C. can’t be
D. mustn’t be
【答案】A
3.---- What are you going to do in the future?
---- I’d like to be a doctor _____ you are.
A. so
B. as
C. what
D. like
【答案】B
4.____ fine mornings, old people get together and do exercise by the lake.
A. On
B. At
C. To
D. In
【答案】A
5.Excuse me. Can I ask for leave now?My mother was ill in the hospital.
______.
A. I'm sorry to hear that.
B. That's all right.
C. OK. Go ahead.
D. You are right.
【答案】C
【分析】C
A. directors
B. produced
C. rarely
D. gained
E. details
6. Zootopia (疯狂动物城), known as Zootropolis in Europe, is a 2019 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film
__________ by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 55th animated feature (动画长片) in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.
Byron Howard and Rich Moore are the
__________ of Zootopia and feature the voices of Ginnifer Goodwin, Jason Bateman, Idris Elba, J.K. Simmons, Tommy Chong, Octavia Spencer, Jenny Slate, and Shakira. It was released in the Disney Digital 3D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats on March 4, 2019. Up to now, Zootopia has __________ a total of $311.7 million worldwide. The film tells in all its __________ the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist (骗子).
【答案】B|A|D|E
7. You can find many such__________ published books in the Shanghai Library.(news)
【答案】newly
8.Sir Francois Hollande was elected president of__________ in 2019.(Frenchman)
【答案】France
9.The girls talked__________ all the way when they came out of cinema.(exciting)
【答案】excitedly
10.I bought a storybook two weeks ago. (保持原句意思)
I
__________ a storybook for two weeks.
【答案】have had
【分析】由for 可知，这里应该用一个延续性动词，买的延续性动词是持有。

11.I think wealth is less important than health. (同义句转换)
I__________ think wealth is__________ important than health.
【答案】don't|more
12.The red car belongs to my mother. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ belong to your mother?
【答案】What|does
13. The decision to further all or part of your studies outside your country is a serious one, and one which for most students will have a special life-long benefit. If you realize English will help you in your career and enrich your personal life, you will find that coming to England to study English is a very special e__________ that you will never forget. I am very pleased to have this opportunity to invite you to join our English Language courses.
London is one of the world’s outstanding c
__________ and trade center. You will live in one of the world’s great cities. It provides the perfect arrangements in which to learn and develop English language skills. The international body of the students attending courses at English language Institutes in London provides an a__________ because it is a good chance for you to enjoy other cultures in surroundings to develop personal character. As we prepare for the 21st Century, international communication has never been more important. To master a foreign language is becoming a useful tool for trade, industrial and professional s__________ . Our aim at the English language Institutes is to d__________ students’ English language skills in friendly and helpful conditions.
Supported by computer, video and audio equipment, and using sound classroom, our team of teachers will guide you through your c
__________ course of study, you will receive excellent service and advice at every stage. Our out-of-class support staff will help you settle in and make the most of your stay in London. Truly, you will enjoy yourself in London and make friendships that will last a lifetime. I hope we can welcome you to this e__________ world of London. Come and see us ! Visit a class in any of the English Language Institutes. See for yourself why we encourage you to study in London.
【答案】experience |culture| attraction| success| develop| chosen| exciting
【分析】culture
解析：伦敦是世界著名的文化和贸易中心。

culture比较合适。

attraction
解析：在英语语言学院上课的来自全世界的学生提供了一个吸引力因为这是一个很好的机会让你能够了解其他文化来发展自己的个性。

success
解析：掌握一门语言对于贸易，工业，职业的成功是一种有用的工具。

14.
（上海徐汇区二模）Venus(金星) has long been one of the most misunderstood planets. Like the earth, Venus has its own atmosphere. However, the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the earth, which makes it difficult for
modern scientists to study. There is much we still do not know about what this planet is like. However, using special machines, scientists have?unlocked many of the long-hidden secrets in recent years.
Venus is in many ways Earth's sister planet. It is almost the same in size and chemistry as the earth. In other words, Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.?
In the early days of Venus' 4-billion-year-old life, it would have appeared very similar to the earth. The two would have been almost the same. However, over a period of a few million years ago, Venus took a very different course than the earth. Venus lies much closer to the sun than our planet. It has made Venus terribly hot.
Since it is closer to the sun, Venus' temperature should be a little warmer than that of the earth. As the planet warmed, water which can be used to form oceans, lakes and rivers, evaporated（蒸发）．This increase in water vapor (水蒸气) began a cycle of global warming. Water vapor is a very effective greenhouse gas.It caused the temperature to rise and more water to evaporate The temperature then climbed still further.Today it is likely that all of Venus' water has evaporated into the atmosphere. This atmosphere effectively keeps the sun's energy and makes the surface to burn much hotter than it naturally would.
If you happen to find a way to survive the extreme heat on the surface of Venus, you will quickly notice something strange about the days. Venus rotates（旋转）very slowly, so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year. Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west, the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus.
1. Both Venus and the earth have their own atmosphere, don't they (1分)
__________
2. How can the scientists finally get to know more about Venus in recent years?(2分)
__________
3. Why is Venus considered the earth's sister planet? (2分)
__________
4. What has caused Venus to become completely different from the earth?（2分）
__________
5. Please list some other strange natural phenomena(现象) on Venus besides the heat( 2分)
__________
6 In recent year, the earth faces the similar situation which makes Venus very hot. What do we call this kind of situation and what caused the problem on the earth? ( 3分)
__________
【答案】
1.Yes,they do .|
2.By using special machines.|
3.Because Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.|
4.The fact that Venus lies much closer to the sun than the earth.|
5.Venus rotates very slowly, so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year.Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west,the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus.|
6.we call it the Green House Effect. Air pollution/ destruction of the forests.
【分析】
1.Yes,they do .|
2.By using special machines.|
3.Because Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.|
4.The fact that Venus lies much closer to the sun than the earth.|
5.Venus rotates very slowly, so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year.Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west,the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus.|
6.we call it the Green House Effect. Air pollution/ destruction of the forests.
1.Yes,they do .|
2.By using special machines.|
3.Because Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.|
4.The fact that Venus lies much closer to the sun than the earth.|
5.Venus rotates very slowly, so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year.Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west,the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus.|
6.we call it the Green House Effect. Air pollution/ destruction of the forests.
1.Yes,they do .|
2.By using special machines.|
3.Because Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.|
4.The fact that Venus lies much closer to the sun than the earth.|
5.Venus rotates very slowly, so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year.Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west,the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus.|
6.we call it the Green House Effect. Air pollution/ destruction of the forests.
15.某校开展“我是课堂小主人”建议征集活动，各班就此展开讨论，同学们纷纷发言：“我希望能有足够的自主学习时间……”“我喜欢的课堂是每人都有一台笔记本电脑，方便上网查询……”“课上我们能自由地讨论，充分展示我们的学习成果……”等等。

请你结合同学们讨论的结果，给校长以电子邮件的形式写一封信，建议什么样的课堂形式更为同学们喜爱，也更有利于同学们未来的发展。

内容须包含以下要点：
●What js your favorite class like?
●Please tell us an unforgettable expe rience you've had in your class.
●Please give at least two suggestions.
要求：1．词数80词左右，提示词仅供参考；
2．邮件的格式已给出，开头、结尾不计入总词数；
3．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名；
4．请将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

【答案】Dear Mr. Li,
My favorite class is an open and free class where I can learn by myself and discuss in groups, which is good for my development, I think.
I still remember an unforgettable experience in my maths class. Several days ago I spent a long time working on three maths problems in class, but they were too hard for me to work them out．So I had to ask my classmates for help．After a considerable discussion，we solved the
problems in our group. How excited I was!
Having such a great experience, I want to give two suggestions．Firstly，please don't teach us too much in class. We need about 30 minutes to learn by ourselves and work in groups every class．Secondly，please provide us with some laptops if possible，so we can surf the Internet easily. No doubt, we need an open and free class，you see. That's all. Thank you.
Best wishes，
Zhang Hua
1.情景交际与句转与首字母分析。