阿帕替尼针对二线治疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效观察

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阿帕替尼针对二线治疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效观

杨明花
【摘要】Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of apatinib for second-line treatment failure of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Thirty patients received treatment of apatinib at a dose of 500 mg/day for two weeks,then increased to 750 mg/day if they could tolerate and maintain the therapy.The efficacy was evaluated by the imaging and testing tumor such as markers including CEA,CA199,CA125 and SCC.Results The clinical evaluation of the patients were complete remission 0 case,partial remission 9 cases,steady 16 cases,progess 3 cases,2 cases terminated the treatment due to adverse reactions,and the objective response rate was 32.1% (9/28),disease control rate was 89.3%(25/28).After four weeks' treatment,CEA,CA199,CA125 and SCC were significantly reduced than the previous(P <0.05).The effective rate on the prognosis of different metastatic sites were no significant difference (P >0.05).The main toxicities were hypertension,oral mucositis and poor appetite(33.3%,30.0 % and 23.3 %).Conclusion The treatment of apatinib in second line treatment failure of advanced non-small cell lung cancer has better clinical efficacy,and toxicity could be controlled,so it was worth evaluating the long-term efficacy of apatinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.%目的观察甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗二线治疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应.方法 30例患者接受甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗,初始剂量为
500mg/d,若无严重不良反应,服药2周后增量至750 mg/d,并维持治疗,4周后通过影像学检查、检测癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)、CA125、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)结果评价其近期疗效.结果 30例接受甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗的患者中,完全缓解0例,部分缓解9例,稳定16例,进展3例,因严重不良反应停药2例,客观有效率32.1%(9/28),疾病控制率89.3%(25/28).治疗4周后血清CEA、CA199、CA125、SCC较前均明显下降(P<0.05).不同转移瘤预后的有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).不良反应主要是高血压、口腔黏膜炎、纳差乏力,发生率分别为33.3%、30.0%和23.3%.结论甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗二线治疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效可,不良反应可控制,可应用于晚期非小细胞肺癌并可研究其长期疗效.【期刊名称】《临床荟萃》
【年(卷),期】2017(032)010
【总页数】4页(P877-880)
【关键词】甲磺酸阿帕替尼;癌,非小细胞肺;疗效;副作用
【作者】杨明花
【作者单位】河南宏力医院肿瘤内科,河南长垣453400
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R734.2
ABSTRACT:Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of apatinib for second-line treatment failure of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Thirty patients received treatment of apatinib at a dose of 500 mg/day for two weeks,then increased to 750 mg/day if they
could tolerate and maintain the therapy.The efficacy was evaluated by the imaging and testing tumor such as markers including CEA,CA199,CA125 and SCC.Results The clinical evaluation of the patients were complete remission 0 case,partial remission 9 cases,steady 16 cases,progess 3 cases,2 cases terminated the treatment due to adverse reactions,and the objective response rate was 32.1%(9/28),disease control rate was 89.3%(25/28).After four weeks′ treatment,CEA,CA199,CA125 and SCC were significantly reduced than the previous(P<0.05).The effective rate on the prognosis of different metastatic sites were no significant difference (P>0.05).The main toxicities were hypertension,oral mucositis and poor appetite(33.3%,30.0% and 23.3%).Conclusion The treatment of apatinib in second-line treatment failure of advanced non-small cell lung cancer has better clinical efficacy,and toxicity could be controlled,so it was worth evaluating the long-term efficacy of apatinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
KEY WORDS:apatinib;carcinoma,non-small cell lung;efficacy;adverse effects
肺癌在中国是发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,且发病率仍在逐年升高,其中非小细胞肺癌占全部肺癌类型70%以上,由于缺乏高效的早期筛查手段,因此发现时多为晚期[1-2]。

近年来,针对中晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗方式主要为化疗、放疗及靶向治疗。

而以新生血管为靶点对肿瘤进行治疗已成为近几年新的研究热点[3-4]。

而作为我国自主研发的新一代口服抗血管生成药物阿帕替尼,属于血管内皮生长因子受体-2(VEGFR-2)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,其主要作用机制是竞争性结合该受体胞内酪氨酸ATP结合位点,高度选择性地抑制VEGFR-2酪氨酸激酶活性,阻断血管内皮
生长因子(VEGF)结合后的信号传导,从而强效抑制肿瘤血管生成[3-6]。

研究证实
该药在晚期胃癌的治疗中疗效突出[7-8]。

近年来,应用于化疗失败的晚期非小细
胞肺癌的临床病例日益增多,不少患者从中获益,但相关报道较少[9]。

现收集我
院收治的30例二线化疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,给予口服甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗,总结分析其近期临床疗效及不良反应,评估临床疗效及安全性。

现报告如下。

我国肺癌是男性致死性恶性肿瘤疾病的首位因素,在女性则位列第二位,其已经成为威胁我国人民健康的严重公共健康问题。

如何更高效地治疗肺癌、医学界延长肺癌患者的生存期及生活质量一直是我国医学界的一大挑战。

目前的报道显示[10-11],含铂两药联合化疗方案为临床晚期肺癌治疗的一线方案,但因患者耐药等原
因该方案可能在用药一段时间后有效率逐渐下降。

虽然临床有诸多二线方案可在一线方案失败后供医生及患者选择,但总体的疗效不乐观,为防止肺癌的快速进展,需要启动三线方案以尽可能延长患者生存期[12]。

近年来,随着对肺癌相关基因及信号传导通路的不断深入研究,越来越多的靶向药物应用于临床,目前应用最多的为以表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)为靶点的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,其获益基因为突变型,但对于野生型患者并不推荐使用[13]。

因此,对于ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌化疗后
失败尤其是EGFR基因检测阴性的患者,更需寻求其他有效的靶向治疗药物。

阿帕替尼是我国拥有自主知识产权的口服抗血管生成靶向药物,其阻断VEGFR-2,从而降低丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)的活化,抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖[14],一
项Ⅲ期临床研究证实阿帕替尼在晚期胃癌的治疗中疗效突出,显著延长了二线治疗失败的晚期胃癌的总生存期[15]。

近年来在化疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌应用阿帕替尼的临床实践日益增多,不少患者从中获益,但相关报道较少[16-17]。

综合本
项研究结果,阿帕替尼在晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗中近期疗效显著,客观有效率可达32.1%,疾病控制率89.3%。

该药物针对晚期肺鳞癌和肺腺癌的预后疗效差异无
统计学意义,针对不同转移瘤的近期疗效差异无统计学意义,但由于纳入患者数量
及观察时间有限,因此该结果还有待长期观察后进一步论证。

由于本项研究纳入病例均为三线或三线以上治疗患者,高龄,一般状况欠佳,针对阿帕替尼治疗的不良反应,主要为剂量限制性毒性,本研究中有11例患者在治疗期间经历了剂量降低,遂维持剂量未按750 mg治疗。

但总体讲,该药物毒性是可控且可耐受的。

本研究中阿帕替尼的不良反应主要为高血压、口腔黏膜炎、纳差乏力、血液学毒性(血小板降低)、手足综合征,蛋白尿等,大部分为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级不良反应,经药物对症治疗后可控制,与既往研究结果不甚相同[18-19]。

2例因出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应后停药,表现为重度口腔黏膜炎、消化道大出血。

今后临床工作中,应用该药物时可同时预防性辅助用药以减少重度不良反应的发生。

本研究结果表明,阿帕替尼能够作为晚期非小细胞肺癌可选择的靶向药物,目前该项研究仍处于临床探索阶段,对于肺癌治疗的起始剂量、维持剂量等问题国内外研究虽有提倡应用850 mg/d维持[20],但本项研究显示该剂量作用下多数患者不能耐受且不良反应明显,遂不适用,同时其长期疗效及不良反应尚需在后期研究中进一步论证。

另外,有研究显示[21],血管内皮抑素联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效显著,因此阿帕替尼是否可与标准化疗联合应用于非小细胞肺癌,以达到更好地治疗效果与预后,尚需进一步研究。

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