省略句+练习

省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。

这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式
（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1、when，while,till,untill, once所引导的时间状语从句
. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句
. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the
environment.
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引
导的让步状语从句
. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be
动词形式）
4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句
. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.
（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）
1. Don't talk when/while ( ) eating .
While ( ) in Paris , she picked up a lot of French .
had an accident while ( ) on his way home .
While ( ) waiting the bus , he was reading a newspaper. ( ) asked why he was late , he said he missed the early bus . While ( ) still a boy , he began to support himself .
7. I can't do it until ( ) told how .
8. She is so shy that she never speaks first until ( ) spoken to .
9. If ( ) operated by computer in the future , many of the trains
will have no drivers .
10. If ( )heated to a higher temperature , water will be turned into steam .
( ) invited , I won't go .
( ) seen , it will never be forgotten .
( ) young , he knows a lot .
14. Even if / Even though ( ) invited , he won't go .
15. They looked around the room as if ( they were ) looking for something .
16. He opened his mouth as if (he was ) to say something .
(it is) possible / necessary , he'll go there .
boys will go out to play football whenever ( it is ) possible . is much taller than ( he is ) expected .
__ , the museum will open to the public next year .
. completed D. to be completed
flowers his friend gave him will die unless _______every day.
B. watering
C. water
D. to water
注：与 after作为介词后可以跟名词或动名词。

2.连词 + 形容词/其它如:if so(如果如此), if necessary(如果有必要),if possible,when necessary,if any(如果有) , whenever possible.
练习：first ______ to the market , the kind of product didn’t attract much attention.
A. introduced
B. introducing
C. was introduced
D. being introduced
现就把各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：
一、时间状语从句中的省略
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.
When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)
Don’t come in until (you are) asked to.
Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help.
You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible.
你应尽快让我们知道结果。

注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。

我们不可说
As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.
二、地点状语从句中的省略
地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：
where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,
Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.
把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.
在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。

三、条件状语从句中的省略
常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone 等。

如：
Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，
请送过来。

He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。

If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家
里打电话。

Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起
去吧.。

If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.
There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him.
You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.
四、让步状语从句中的省略
He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.
Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture.
五、比较状语从句中的省略
She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do).
她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。

She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.
她这项工作比预料的提前完成。

六、方式状语从句中的省略
as if/as though后还可加n./a./ad./介词短语／现在分词／过去
分词／不定式。

He acts as if (he were) a fool. 他的行为举止好象是个傻子。

She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded.
她和陌生人谈话似乎很不在意。

He opened the desk, as if (he was) in search of something important.
他打抽屉仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。

The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is)
searching for something
lost on the sports ground.
The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg.
He moved his lips as if (he wanted )to speak. 他的嘴动着仿
佛要说什么
二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，
一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that
is，there is/are。

. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、if从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装
句。

. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的
从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接
不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。

(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，
try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。

但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want t o.Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。

可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用
. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。

在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
随堂练习：
1、—Lucy，could you please spare me a few minutes?
—____，but I hope "a few minutes" won't turn into a few hours.
A. It doesn't matter
B. That's kind of you
C. I'm afraid not
D.
I guess so
3、The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ immediately.
A. be operated on
B. operated on
C. was operated on
D. would be operated on
4、When he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the seat was gone.
A. left to hang
B. left hanging
C. left hung
D. to leave hanging
5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them___..
A understand him B. to be understood C. be understood D. to understand him
6、—Are there any English story books for us students in the library? —There are only a few, __.
A if any B. if have C. if some D. if has
8、—Does Betty know where her violin is?
—She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know____.
A. whose
B. it
C. whom
D. which
9、—Aren't you the manager? —No, and I ____.
A. don't want
B. don't want to
C. don't want to be
D. don't
10、—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
11、—What's the matter with you?
—I didn't pass the test, but I still____.
A. hope so
B. hope to
C. hope it
D. hope that
12、The doctor did what he could ___ the boy, but in vain.
A. save
B. to save
C. saving
D. saved
13You look happy today, Mary. —I like my new dress and Mother __, too.
A. likes
B. does
C. is
D. do
14、—What happened to the boy? He was making so much noise.
—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him __
A. not
B. to
C. not to
D./
15、____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
省略句练习
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the
right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
9. You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping. __ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _____ he's done for you.
A. something
B. anything
C. all
D. that
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way.
A. to show
B. show
C. showing
D. showed
15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ .
A. I have no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to
16. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ .
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? — ________
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing to
19. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ .
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on man's lives.
A. there is
B. there are
C. is there
D. are there
23. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! —
________ .
A. Nor am I
B. Neither would I
C. Same with me
D. So do I
高考英语语法专练-省略、插入语40题[附答案及解析]
1. I still remember the name of the village＿＿＿＿we visited last year.
B.／
2. —— I usually go there by train. — Why not＿＿＿＿＿by boat for a change? try going to go try and go going
3. ＿＿＿＿＿ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.
it is not it not it not been they were not
4. ——I’d like to have a piece of bread and two eggs. —— Anything ＿＿＿＿＿?
follow be followed
5. He suggested that the work ＿＿＿＿＿ at once.
done do do
6. It’s a fine day. Let’s go swimming, ＿＿＿＿＿?
’t we you ’t we we
7. Be sure to be here early tomorrow, ＿＿＿＿＿?
you ’t you you you
8. We will have a meeting next week, but we don’t know ＿＿＿＿＿.
9. My sister speaks English＿＿＿＿＿, if not better than, my brother.
well well as well well as
10. I don’t like the way ＿＿＿＿＿ you talk to your mother.
A.／ that which
11. I know the boy very well. I have seen him＿＿＿＿up from childhood.
growing grow
12. Though the little boy is often made ＿＿by his brother, he made his brother ＿＿yesterday.
； to cry ； crying ； cry cry； cry
13. ——I’ll go to Korea to watch the 14th Asian Games. Would you mind looking after my dog? —— Not all. ＿＿＿＿＿.
can’t don’t ’d like it ’d be happy to
14. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him＿＿＿.
to to do do it not to
15. ——Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend? —＿＿＿.
believe not believe not so don’t believe it don’t believe
16. —— What do you think made the girl so glad? —＿＿＿＿＿ a beautiful necklace.
she received of receiving
17. ——Aren’t you be chairman? —— No, and I ＿＿＿＿＿.
’t want to ’t want ’t want to be ’t want be
18. Well, we have been waiting here＿＿＿＿＿for the guest.
time long time long time long time
19. You’re＿＿＿＿＿your time trying to persuade him. He’ll never join us.
20. Father advised me not to say anything until＿＿＿＿＿ at the meeting.
ask
21. —— Coffee ＿＿ milk? —— Only milk, please, ＿＿＿ I used to like coffee. ； and ； but ； and ； but
22. ＿＿＿＿＿, you have given me a lot of help.
the truth tell the truth true truth
23. ——He promised to come to see you. —— But he ＿＿＿＿＿. I’ve been all alone. ’t ’t ’t ’t
24. —— How about the number of students playing on the playground? ——＿＿＿＿＿.
25. All substances, ＿＿＿＿＿ solids, liquids, or gases, are made up of entirely atoms.
they are they are
26. Mr. Black, ＿＿＿＿＿ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri. was he was
27. —— Have you watered the flowers? —— No, but ＿＿＿＿＿.
am ’m going ’m just going to will go
28. ——He hasn’t gone to the office up to now. —— Well, he ＿＿＿＿＿.
to to go to have
29. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ＿＿.
suppose
30. If ＿＿＿＿＿ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (上海’98) given
31. He broke his legs while ＿＿＿＿＿.
riding D .rode
32. ＿＿＿＿＿ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
33. —— Would you like some wine? —— Yes, just ＿＿＿＿＿. (NMET’93)
little little bit
34. He said＿＿＿＿＿his sister had passed the entrance examination of college, and ＿＿＿＿＿she would go to college in about 20 days.
；／； that C.／；／； which
35. ＿＿＿＿＿ his face, the young man must be over 20.
from from
36. ＿＿＿＿＿ heat is different from temperature?
do you think you think do you think you think
37. —— There will be a storm soon. —— I am afrai?＿＿＿＿＿.
won’t
38. What he said,＿＿＿＿＿, has nothing to do with what he did.
my surprise my surprised my surprising our surprises
39. This Englishman is good at writing, reading and ＿＿＿＿＿ is kind to others. all of all all all
40. She is neither good at Chinese, nor ＿＿＿＿＿ English.
good at D./
1. B。

2. C。

3. A。

4. A。

5. B。

6. D。

7. A。

8. D。

9. B
10. D。

11. C。

12. C。

perfectly = I follow you perfectly。

13. C 14. C。

15. D。

Keys: 1—5 BCDBA 6—10 AADCA 11—15 AACBD 16—20 BBBBC 21—23 BCB
参考答案及解析。

关系代词that，which，whom等在定语从句中作宾语且不位于介词之后时可以省略。

Why not try going...?＝Why don’t you try going...?。

含有if的虚拟条件句可把if省略，而把had，should，were等提到句首，构成倒装。

Anything to follow?＝Is there anything to follow?在there be句型中，修饰主语的不定式可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但口语中，常用主动形式。

在suggest(建议)，insist(坚持主张)，order，demand等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。

where＝where we will have a meeting next week.。

if not better than为插入语。

当way，time(次数)等作定语从句的先行词时，引导定语从句的关系词可以用that或in which,也可省略。

在主动语态中，感官动词和使役动词后接省去to的不定式作宾补；在被动语态中，to不可省去。

参见注11。

某些表示心理或情感状态的动词如：love, mean, want, hate, like, prefer, wish, expect, hope等的后面跟不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，而只保留不定式符号to。

tell him not to (play football with his friends in the street.)。

so 和not可放在动词expect，fear，hope，suppose，believe，think，以及词组be afraid 的后面，省略与上文相同的肯定或否定的宾语从句。

Receiving a beautiful necklace(makes the girl so glad).。

如果要省去的不定式中的动词是be时，则通常保留be。

a long time前省去了介词for。

waste one’s time (in) doing sth.意为“浪费时间干某事”；spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间干某事”。

until asked＝until I was asked. 。

Coffee and milk?＝Do you want both coffee and milk?。

常见的作插入语的不定式短语有：so to speak(可以说是),to be sure(无疑地),to sum up(概括地说),to tell the truth(说实话),to be honest(坦率地说),to be frank(坦率地说)，to be fair(说句公道话)。

He hasn’t.＝He hasn’t come to see me.根据下一句，应用完成时态。

说明the number of...,应用large,big或small。

在带有状语从句的复合句中，如果从句与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，则可以省略从句的主语及be动词。

此处从句中省略了they are。

参见注25。

在某些结构，如：be about to, be going to, be able to, be sure to, be certain to, be likely to, be ready to, be supposed to, be obliged to, be to 等后，常省去与前面动词一致的动词原形。

.如果不定式本身为完成时态，简略答语中常保留have。

ought to have＝ought to have gone to the office. 。

本句为比较状语从句的省略,省去了they are。

本句为条件状语从句的省略，省去了he is。

while riding＝while he was riding. 。

参见注3。

当宾语从句不只一个时，引导词that一般不省。

judging from, generally speaking, strictly speaking等都为插入语。

do you think为插入语置于疑问词之后，而特殊疑问句本身的主语、谓语用陈述语序。

参见注15。

to my surprise为插入语。

39 .A。

above all意为“更重要的是”。

并列句中往往省略前后相同的句子成分。

nor English＝nor is she good at English.
1. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. Questioned
D. to be questioned
3. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
4. — Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? — ______?
A. What for
B. What is it
C. How is it
D. How come
5. I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to ______ me.
A. have seen
B. seeing
C. meet
D. be met
6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not ______?
A. ourselves
B. ours
C. We
D. us
7. Did you visit the museum last week? — No, we ____, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have
B. could
C. must have
D. must
8. — Is your mother going to the supermarket？— No，______.
A. she doesn’t
B. she’s cooking
C. she gets by bus
D. to a tailor’s shop
9. — She may not be free today. — ______，we’ll have to put the meeting off.
A. If may
B. If not
C. If she may not
D. If she may not be free today
10. She hurriedly left the room as if ______.
A. she angry
B. was angry
C. it was angry
D. angry
11. ______，I will help you with your work.
A. If I am possible
B. If it possible
C. If possible
D. Possible
12. — Do you follow me？— Yes，______.
A. it is good
B. I will
C. perfectly
D. very good
13. — How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010?
— There will be only a few, if ______.
A. much
B. some
C. any
D. many
14. How are you getting on with your work? —Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan。