2021届上海市第六十中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案

2021届上海市第六十中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
It’s a tempting habit for them to look at their smartphone rather than make eye contact with someone. There is so much to look at: photographs, social media feeds, messages and emails. No wonder they are glued to their screens. But is it good for them?
There have been many claims about the damage looking at screens does to our eyesight. Some people feared staring at a small bright box could make us short-sighted. This is a particular concern for children and young people, who spend a higher percentage of time using electronic devices. BBC reporter, Rory Jones, says, “There is enough evidence that no matter how long teenagers are spending looking at screens, they come across information about issues such as anorexia and self-harm that could prove damaging to their mental health.”
But a new study says time in front of computers and phones might not be as bad for young people as many think. Research by the Oxford Internet Institute examined data from more than 17,000 teenagers in theUK,Irelandand theUnited States. Their study concluded that most links between life satisfaction and social media use were tiny, accounting for less than 1% of a teenager’s wellbeing. Professor Przybylski, director of research, said, “99.75% of a person’s life satisfaction has nothing to do with their use of social media.” The research found that family, friends and school life all had a greater impact on wellbeing.
So, does this mean young people can spend longer looking at social media? TheOxfordresearchers are confident about its findings and that any connection between screen time and mental health is very small. Dr. Max Davie, officer for health improvement at theRoyalCollege, calls the study a “small first step”, but he says there are other issues to explore, such as screen time’s interference(干预) with other important activities like sleep, exercise and time with family or friends. Perhaps for now, the “right” amount of screen time is only a matter of personal judgement.
1. What is people’s common belief concerning screen time?
A. Looking at screens does harm to young people.
B. Screen time provides a chance for teenagers to learn.
C. Most teenagers get near-sighted due to looking at screens.
D. A small amount of time online does little harm to teenagers.
2. What can we learn from the new study by the Oxford Internet Institute?
A. Screen time has a great influence on people’s daily activities.
B. The right amount of the screen time is related to its content.
C. There is a close link between social media and self-satisfaction.
D. Social bonds play a more significant role in people’s wellbeing than social media.
3. Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A science magazine.
C. A research paper.
D. An economics book.
B
About a month after I joined Facebook, I got a call from Lori Goler, a highly regarded senior director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear this was a business call. “I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said. “Instead of recommending myself, I want to ask you: What is your biggest problem, and how can I solve it?”
My jaw hit the floor. I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said anything remotely like that. People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves, with the implication that their skills will help the company. Lori put Facebook’s needs front and center. It was a killer approach. I responded, “Recruiting is my biggest problem. And, yes, you can solve it.”
Lori never dreamed she would work in recruiting, but she jumped in. She even agreed to trade earnings for acquiring new skills in a new field. Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was promoted to her current job, leading People@Facebook.
The most common metaphor for careers is a ladder, but this concept no longer applies to most workers. As of 2010, the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone. Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers, who came up with a much better metaphor: “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder.”
As Lori describes it, there’s only one way to get to the top of a ladder, but there are many ways to get to the top of a jungle gym. The jungle gym model benefits everyone, but especially women who might be starting careers, switching careers, getting blocked by external barriers, or reentering the workforce after taking time off. The ability to create a unique path with occasional dips, detours (弯路), and even dead ends presents great views of many people, not just those at the top. On a ladder, most climbers are stuck staring at the butt of the person above.
4. Why did Lori make the call?
A. She helped Facebook to solve the biggest problem.
B. She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.
C. She tried to ask for a pay rise in Facebook.
D. She wanted to become an employee in Facebook.
5. What impressed “I” by Lori?
A. Lori was good at running recruiting.
B. Lori attached great importance to Facebook’s needs.
C. Lori jumped in Facebook with no adequate experience.
D. Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.
6. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Now all people don’t tend to climb the ladder.
B. None on the ladder can enjoy the great views.
C. Jungle gyms offer limited exploration for employees.
D. A pregnant woman, jobless, benefits little from the jungle gyms.
7. What is the best title of the passage?
A. It’s a Jungle Gym, Not a Ladder.
B. Facebook’s Biggest Problem.
C. Applying for a Job in Facebook.
D. A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder.
C
Nowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure (程序) has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hopingto perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.
Despite many benefits technology brings. I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adults our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.
Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as younger person’s brain. Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, sex, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without damage.
Overall. my feelings about this operation are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and challenges that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.
8. Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?
A. The cost of the operation is extremely high.
B. Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.
C. A good many problems and side effects may arise.
D. This procedure has only been successful on animals
9. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others.
B. Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity.
C. Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.
D. Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.
10. What is the writers’ attitude towards brain transplants an humans?
A. indifferent
B. favorable
C. disapproving
D. objective
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To encourage brain donation.
B. To stress the importance of brain operation.
C. Toargue against brain transplants on humans.
D. To introduce the technology of brain transplants.
D
Six Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000 years ago, according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic (食人的) event discovered by scientists in a cave in the 1990s. Now, researchersmay have figured out why the Neanderthals, including two children, became victims of
cannibalism: Global warming.
While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior, this is the first study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to become cannibals. Scientists found that rapid changes in local ecosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate, forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.
The researchers examined a layer of sediment (沉积物) in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy, in southeastern France. In that layer, charcoal (碳) and animal bones were so well-preserved that scientists could reconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago. They discovered that the climate in the area was likely even warmer than it is today, and that the change from a cold, dry climate to a warmer one happened quickly. “Maybe within a few generations”, study co-author Emmanuel said. As the animals that once populated the landscape disappeared, some Neanderthals ate what they could find — their neighbors.
Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals, and has been practiced by humans and their s “from the early Palaeolithic to theBronze Age and beyond,” the study authors reported. The behavior adopted by the starving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as “a mark of bestiality (兽性) or sub-humanity”, but as an emergency adaptation to a period of severe environmental stress, according to the study.
12. What does the study mainly focus on?
A. The social behavior of Neanderthals.
B. The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals.
C. The climate change in southeasternFrance.
D. The influence of global warming on ancient animals.
13. What can possibly be used to describe the climate in southeasternFrance120,000 to 130,000 years ago?
A. It was no warmer than it is today.
B. It was first warm while later cold and dry.
C. Its change was mild and went through quite a long process.
D. Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism.
14. Which of the following might the study authors agree with?
A. Neanderthals’ cannibalism showed their bestiality.
B. Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive.
C. Neanderthals’ cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes.
D. Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history.
15. Where can you most possibly find this passage?
A. In a science journal.
B. In a travel brochure.
C. In a history book.
D. In a geography book.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Complaining happens a lot, probably much more than we even realize. Complaining is easy to do, but it’s not good for us. Doctors have found that people who complain about their health can actually worsen the symptoms of their disease.___16___People whocomplain frequently can end up losing friends because of their complaints.
If complaining is so harmful, why do we complain? Many people complain to get attention.___17___Sometimes we complain as a way of connecting with others, starting a conversation. We can complain to make ourselves look better by comparison. There are lots of excuses for complaining.
___18___It’s harder to find the positive or just stay quiet. Maya Angelou once said, “If you don’t like something, change it; if you can’t change it, change your attitude. Don’t complain.”
You can have gratitude (感激) or take action to find solutions rather than just complain about problems.___19___It can lead to a new vision. Robert Kennedy once said, “There are those that look at things the way they are, and ask why? I dream of things that never were, and ask why not?”
But how can you stop yourself from complaining? It requires a plan. You could start by not complaining about anything for a week. It won’t be easy but it can be done. When we stop complaining about what’s missing in our lives and start being thankful for all we have, life changes for the better.___20___
A. Anyone can complain.
B. So, complain no more!
C. Complaining makes no sense.
D. Complaining does harm to health.
E. Complaining also hurts our relationships.
F. Dissatisfaction does not have to lead to complaining.
G. They use complaining as a means to draw attention to themselves.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项As I work in the garden, I take my time. And the garden is____21____me about working with the earth. I
recognize that there will be both successes and failuresand there are many factors that____22____them both. The____23____of the seeds can affect the growth of the plants. The____24____can be too hot, too cold, or____25____right. Weeds need to be____26____and thrown away to____27____that the fruits, vegetables, and flowers we have planted grow well.
I take time to stand back and rest, and to____28____the plants. Each plant is____29____and develops in the way that is best for them. Some have large broad leaves to____30____their fruit from the rays of the sun, while other plants are more____31____, their fruit needing the____32____to grow and ripen.
Getting my hands____33____and feeling the sweat on my forehead, as I work under the summer sun, reminds me I am____34____in the ways I wouldn't have remembered sitting on the couch.
I feel attracted to move things around to transplant and to____35____the natural order of how plants grow. The garden teaches me the importance of knowing when to disturb things and when to let them be. The garden's life cycle____36____a pattern that is repeated according to the____37____of nature. Birth, growth, and then death and it teaches me to accept this fact.
Perhaps life is like the____38____, successes and failures, time to be active and time to____39____to let go of what is no longer needed, to cultivate what helps us to grow into our light and power, and to readily____40____life from beginning to end.
21. A. telling B. concerning C. worrying D. teaching
22. A. destroy B. affect C. promote D. exchange
23. A. quality B. color1 C. shape D. weight
24. A. water B. air C. weather D. wind
25. A. approximately B. constantly C. exactly D. occasionally
26. A. pulled B. planted C. guarded D. provided
27. A. make sense B. find out C. work out D. make sure
28. A. tend B. observe C. count D. examine
29. A. beautiful B. average C. amazing D. unique
30. A. prevent B. separate C. shade D. remove
31. A. open B. delicate C. straight D. vivid
32. A. energy B. light C. soil D. space
33. A. empty B. dirty C. broken D. free
34. A. awake B. tired C. alive D. independent
35. A. disturb B. find C. enjoy D. guide
36. A. discovers B. transforms C. draws D. follows
37. A. changes B. reflection C. laws D. development
38. A. plant B. sun C. fruit D. garden
39. A. rest B. quit C. offer D. fight
40. A. expect B. accept C. picture D. receive
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new study finds that getting seven to nine hours of sleep per night may help you tame (驯服) your sweet tooth.
Researchers at King’s College London recruited “short sleepers” — people_______41._______routinely sleep less than seven hours per night. The participants were trained_______42._______(extend) their sleep time in many ways, such as cutting back on caffeine, reducing screen time and_______43._______(stick) to a regular bedtime each night.
With the training, the short sleepers began to sleep about one hour more per night. And here’s the interesting thing: They also changed their diets — without__________44.__________(ask).
“We found that these people also reduced their intake of added sugars by about 10 grams per day,” explains one of the study’s authors. That’s about 40 calories’ worth of sugar,_______45._______is not a huge change. But________46.________time, a small, daily decline in sugary foods can make a difference.
The study was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Its findings serve up more evidence_______47._______our sleep can influence our eating habits and waistlines.
A study published in 2013 also found that just five days of_________48._________(shorten) sleep can lead to weight gain. In that study, people_______49._______(allow) to sleep for just five hours for a five-day period. They gained, on average, almost two pounds.
And as reported, the timing of meals can also influence_________50._________our bodies respond to all the calories we eat. For instance, a study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that people who ate
their main meal early in the day were more successful at losing weight, compared with people who ate a heavy, late-night meal.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

One of my classmates got a scholarship for his wonderful performance at school in last year. As further as I know, 50% of his scholarship is spent on daily meals. And I bought a new smartphone with another 30%. He thought that it was common for a student use a smartphone at school. In additional, he took 12% out of the scholarship to treat other student. The rest of his scholarship, 8% of the total, went on his favorite books. Personal, I think it is unnecessary for students to have a smartphone of their own. In all, at present our main task is to study. We had better spend money wise.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Next Friday we’ll have the annual Egg Drop Challenge. The challenge is simple — you have to build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking when dropped over the stadium wall.” said Mr. Beal.
Cassie and I grinned at each other. Always working on projects together, we’re perfect combination. She’s brainy while I am creative.
While waiting for Cassie to come over and work on the container, I made my favorite sandwich with the fluffy marshmallow (棉花糖) cream. That gave me an idea: We can put some marshmallow cream under the egg as a cushion.
I later told Cassie about it. But Cassie wasn’t interested. “I got a better idea. We put the egg in a basket with a parachute attached.” She said.
“It will never work.” I said.
“And Marshmallow cream will?” Cassie rolled her eyes. “The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”
I couldn’t believe it. She never called my idea “stupid” before. “Then I will build mine and you build yours,
and we’ll just see whose is better.”
“Fine!” Cassie stormed out. And just like that, our friendship was smashed, like an egg dropped from the top of a stadium without marshmallow cream to protect it.
When Friday arrived, I saw Cassie’s Egg Force One. She had a handkerchief to create a small parachute. It was tied to a basket and, in the center of it, her egg.
My Egg-cellent Egg Cream didn’t look quite scientific. I used a layer of marshmallow cream and a layer of jelly (果冻) to support the egg.
The competition started. Everyone in my class carried their egg containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall. If your egg broke, you were out. If the egg survived, you had to walk up three more steps and drop it again. This went on until the last egg broke.
By the fourth launch, only Cassie and I were left.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
“My egg flew out,” She explained, pointing to a broken shell in the grass.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
参考答案
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. C 9. B 10. C 11. C
12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A
16. E 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32.
B 33. B 34.
C 35. A 36.
D 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B
41. who 42. to extend
43. sticking
44. being asked
45. which 46. over 47. that 48. shortened
49. were allowed
50. how
51.(1). 删去last前面的in
(2). further→far
(3). is→was
(4). I改为he
(5). use前加to
(6). additional→addition
(7). student→students
(8). Personal→Personally
(9). In→After
(10). wise→wisely
52.略。