高三语法——补语
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
4. 2. 形容词 5. The bottle was found empty.
6. 3. 副词 7. He was called back.
2021/7/16
3. 不定式（to do） We are not allowed to play football on the street. He was made to copy the sentence.
have never heard you ____ it.
2.being sung; sang B. sang; singing
3.C. sung; sing
D. to be sung; to sing
4.5. He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
• With time going by, people attach more importance to knowledge.
注意：若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与 不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，此 时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。
3. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.
3. Who did the boss ____ his car this time?
A.make wash
B. make to wash
B.C. make washing
D. making to wash
1.4. Though I have often heard this song ____. I
2.The missing boy were last seen playing near the river.
3.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
2021/7/16
不定式不带to，但在其被动式后作主语补足语
时，要加上to。
1.Though he had often made his little sister
________, today he was made ________ by his
little sister.
2. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying
7. 3. 副词 8. Please call him back. 9. He took his cap off.
2021/7/16
3. 不定式（to do） The teacher don’t allow us to play football on the
street. We made him copy the sentence. (使役动词省to)
come.
5. He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
6. I smell 2021/7/16 something burning in the kitchen.
六. make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补。 make oneself understood / heard / seen / known 让别人明白自己的意思 / 让自己讲的话被别人听到 / 让自
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,
具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能, 在句法上是不可或缺的, 起补充说明作 用的成份。名词、动名词、形容词、 副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词 都可以在句子中作补语。
2021/7/16
一、主语补足语
1. 名词 2. I was thought a genius. 3. At the meeting he was elected monitor.
2021/7/16
九. 在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分 词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经发生；若 用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系， 且表示动作的持续进行；
• The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
2021/7/16
一、宾语补足语
1. 名词 2. Everyone thinks me a genius. 3. At the meeting we elected him monitor.
4. 2. 形容词 5. I found the bottle empty. 6. What you said made him angry.
He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch repaired.
2021/7/16
五. leave, keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过 去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用to do。在catch( 撞见), smell(闻到) 后通常只接现在分词作补语 ，不用不定式或过去分词。
1. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
2021/7/16
二. 在使役动词，如make, let, have后，作宾补的
己被别人看到 / 让自己被别人认识。
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard
2. 七. 在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后, 可跟to be作补语(认为…是…);
3. C. cry, cry
D. to cry, cry
4.2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He
always works hard. (全国卷)
5. A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned 2021/7/16
D. learning
I’ll try to get her to see the doctor.
③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人 / 某物一直做某事 或者处于某种状态； have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(使役动词)； have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部 分)。
三．在感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面，当宾语与作 宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时， 用不带to的不定式(全过程)，或者-ing作宾补 (正在发生)；是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾 补。
1.They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood.
2021/7/16
Attention ：非谓语充当补语
一．带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词常见的 有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer 等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用 带to的不定式作宾补。
I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。(被动)
2021/7/16
②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做 / 遭受(被动)。
四. want, get, have宾语后可接现在分词、过去分 词或动词不定式，但意义不同。
①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)； want sb. to do要某人做某事； want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。
I don’t want you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。(主动、否定句)
4. 现在分词（-ing） Tom was found lying in the bed. He was heard singing in the hall.
5. 过去分词（-ed） His face was seen reflected in the water. The news was heard spoken of in the next room.
2021/7/16
1.O’Neal works hard. He is often seen ____
heavily before his teammates have even arrived
at practice.
A.sweated
B. to be sweated
2. C. sweating
D. being sweated
2. We were pleased to see the old ____ at the nursing home. A.being well cared for B. cared well for
1. C. been well cared for D. caring for well
2021/7/16
4. 现在分词（-ing） I found Tom lying in the bed. We hear him singing in the hall.
5. 过去分词（-ed） He saw his face reflected in the water. I heard it spoken of in the next room.
3. 在think, consider, believe等之后还可跟to have done作 补语(认为…做了…)。
4. 1. Charles Babage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.
2021/7/16
八. 在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面接不定式。
1.The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
2.He was reported to have broken the world record.
1. It was so cold that they kept the fire burning all night. 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking
in the kitchen. 3. Don’t leave the water running while you brush your 4. The thief should be kept bounded before the police
6. 3. 副词 7. He was called back.
2021/7/16
3. 不定式（to do） We are not allowed to play football on the street. He was made to copy the sentence.
have never heard you ____ it.
2.being sung; sang B. sang; singing
3.C. sung; sing
D. to be sung; to sing
4.5. He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
• With time going by, people attach more importance to knowledge.
注意：若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与 不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，此 时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。
3. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.
3. Who did the boss ____ his car this time?
A.make wash
B. make to wash
B.C. make washing
D. making to wash
1.4. Though I have often heard this song ____. I
2.The missing boy were last seen playing near the river.
3.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
2021/7/16
不定式不带to，但在其被动式后作主语补足语
时，要加上to。
1.Though he had often made his little sister
________, today he was made ________ by his
little sister.
2. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying
7. 3. 副词 8. Please call him back. 9. He took his cap off.
2021/7/16
3. 不定式（to do） The teacher don’t allow us to play football on the
street. We made him copy the sentence. (使役动词省to)
come.
5. He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
6. I smell 2021/7/16 something burning in the kitchen.
六. make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补。 make oneself understood / heard / seen / known 让别人明白自己的意思 / 让自己讲的话被别人听到 / 让自
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,
具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能, 在句法上是不可或缺的, 起补充说明作 用的成份。名词、动名词、形容词、 副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词 都可以在句子中作补语。
2021/7/16
一、主语补足语
1. 名词 2. I was thought a genius. 3. At the meeting he was elected monitor.
2021/7/16
九. 在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分 词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经发生；若 用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系， 且表示动作的持续进行；
• The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
2021/7/16
一、宾语补足语
1. 名词 2. Everyone thinks me a genius. 3. At the meeting we elected him monitor.
4. 2. 形容词 5. I found the bottle empty. 6. What you said made him angry.
He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch repaired.
2021/7/16
五. leave, keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过 去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用to do。在catch( 撞见), smell(闻到) 后通常只接现在分词作补语 ，不用不定式或过去分词。
1. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
2021/7/16
二. 在使役动词，如make, let, have后，作宾补的
己被别人看到 / 让自己被别人认识。
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard
2. 七. 在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后, 可跟to be作补语(认为…是…);
3. C. cry, cry
D. to cry, cry
4.2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He
always works hard. (全国卷)
5. A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned 2021/7/16
D. learning
I’ll try to get her to see the doctor.
③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人 / 某物一直做某事 或者处于某种状态； have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(使役动词)； have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部 分)。
三．在感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面，当宾语与作 宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时， 用不带to的不定式(全过程)，或者-ing作宾补 (正在发生)；是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾 补。
1.They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood.
2021/7/16
Attention ：非谓语充当补语
一．带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词常见的 有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer 等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用 带to的不定式作宾补。
I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。(被动)
2021/7/16
②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做 / 遭受(被动)。
四. want, get, have宾语后可接现在分词、过去分 词或动词不定式，但意义不同。
①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)； want sb. to do要某人做某事； want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。
I don’t want you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。(主动、否定句)
4. 现在分词（-ing） Tom was found lying in the bed. He was heard singing in the hall.
5. 过去分词（-ed） His face was seen reflected in the water. The news was heard spoken of in the next room.
2021/7/16
1.O’Neal works hard. He is often seen ____
heavily before his teammates have even arrived
at practice.
A.sweated
B. to be sweated
2. C. sweating
D. being sweated
2. We were pleased to see the old ____ at the nursing home. A.being well cared for B. cared well for
1. C. been well cared for D. caring for well
2021/7/16
4. 现在分词（-ing） I found Tom lying in the bed. We hear him singing in the hall.
5. 过去分词（-ed） He saw his face reflected in the water. I heard it spoken of in the next room.
3. 在think, consider, believe等之后还可跟to have done作 补语(认为…做了…)。
4. 1. Charles Babage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.
2021/7/16
八. 在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面接不定式。
1.The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
2.He was reported to have broken the world record.
1. It was so cold that they kept the fire burning all night. 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking
in the kitchen. 3. Don’t leave the water running while you brush your 4. The thief should be kept bounded before the police