英美文学重点知识归纳
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Comedies: <A Midsummer Night’s Dream>, <The Merchant of Venice>, <Twelfth Night> …
Tragedy: <Romeo and Juliet> romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and the spirit ofpursuing happiness.
英美文学重点知识归纳
Old English: 450-1066 <Beowulf> the national epic of the Anglo-Saons Medieval English： 1066 - middle 14th century Geoffrey Chaucer-the father of English poetry (wisdom, humor, humanity) <The Canterbury Tales> first time to use 'heroic couplet'
3. Four tragedies -<Hamlet>, <Othello>, <King Lear> & <Macbeth> 4. tragicomedies：<The Tempest> Achievement: A. exploring the characters’s inner mind.
soliloquy(独白) or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters contrasts – bring vividness to the characters B. adroit〔精巧的〕 plot construction C. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is an important device to create dram aticirony. D. the language. READING： 1. Sonnet 18 (14 line) <Sonnet 18> eternal or immortal〔不朽的〕 beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry. A nice summer’s day is usually transient(短暂的), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. from The Merchant of Venice <The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Po rtia aheroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable〔不知足 的〕 greed and brutality of theJew. Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia (2) Antonio borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that req uiresAntonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within a certain period of tim e. Portiadisguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of fl
Gloriana – the Fairy Queen The theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic – “Fierce warres and faithfullloves” READING: excerpt from The Faerie Queene 仙后 Content: Redcrosse Knight set out on his adventures.
Christopher Marlowe – “University Wits”, the pioneer of Englishdrama Hyperbole(夸张) Marlowe’s achievement: 1) blank verse 无韵诗歌 It is Marlowe who brought vitality(活力) and grandeur(伟 大) into the blank verse with his “mighty lines,”which carry strong emotions. 2) his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.(not strong in dramatic construction.)
esh, but there isno mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscate d(充公) according tohe law of Venice. 3．Excerpt from Hamlet <Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated〔复杂 的〕 to degradehis nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger content: Hamlet, the prince, appearing in a mood of world-weariness〔厌 世〕 occasioned by his father’sdeath and his mother’s hasty remarriage with Claudius, his father’s brother. Hamlet is informed thatClaudius has murdered his father and then taken over both his fat her’s throne and widow. Thus Hamlet isurged to seek revenge. Note: To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action
→ the pioneer of English drama 3 tragedies: <Dr. Faustus> the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness
<Tamburlaine> 帖木耳大 帝 a play about an ambitious and pitiless overpowering king.
William Shakespeare – playwright & poet (above all writers in the past and in the present time) 1. <Henry Ⅵ>, <Richard Ⅲ> … 2. <Richard Ⅱ>, <Henry Ⅳ>, <Henry Ⅴ>, <King John> …
Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet 5 quality: 1) a perfect melody 2)a rare sense of beauty 3)a splendid imagination
4)a lofty(高尚的) moral purity and seriousness 5)a dedicated idealism <The Shepherdes Calender> lament(哀悼) over the loss of Rosalind <The Faerie Queene> 主角：Arthur - who possess 12 virtues
<The Jew of Malta> 马尔他的犹太人 non-drama <The Passionate Shepherd to His Love> pastoral(田园的) life ， the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) READING: 1. excerpt from Dr. Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧 A play based on the German legend Content: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire knowledge. By conjuration(念咒 文召唤)he call up Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant. He make a bond(契 约) to sell his soul to the Devil in returnfor 24 years of life in which Mephistophilis to give him ev erything he desires. Devil’s name is Lucifer. Dominant moral is human rather than religious 2. The Passionate(热情的) Shepherd to His Love this short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) in English literature. The shepherd(牧羊人) enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing(珍爱) a pastoral(田园 的) and pure affectionfor his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.
The Renaissance Period: 14th –mid 17th started in Italy A series of historical events: 1. rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture 2. new discoveries in geography & astrology(占星学) 3. the religious reformation & economic expansion The Renaissance - rebirth or revival Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the presentlife Best representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare The Elizabethan drama: the real mainstream of English Renaissance Most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson
Tragedy: <Romeo and Juliet> romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and the spirit ofpursuing happiness.
英美文学重点知识归纳
Old English: 450-1066 <Beowulf> the national epic of the Anglo-Saons Medieval English： 1066 - middle 14th century Geoffrey Chaucer-the father of English poetry (wisdom, humor, humanity) <The Canterbury Tales> first time to use 'heroic couplet'
3. Four tragedies -<Hamlet>, <Othello>, <King Lear> & <Macbeth> 4. tragicomedies：<The Tempest> Achievement: A. exploring the characters’s inner mind.
soliloquy(独白) or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters contrasts – bring vividness to the characters B. adroit〔精巧的〕 plot construction C. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is an important device to create dram aticirony. D. the language. READING： 1. Sonnet 18 (14 line) <Sonnet 18> eternal or immortal〔不朽的〕 beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry. A nice summer’s day is usually transient(短暂的), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. from The Merchant of Venice <The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Po rtia aheroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable〔不知足 的〕 greed and brutality of theJew. Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia (2) Antonio borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that req uiresAntonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within a certain period of tim e. Portiadisguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of fl
Gloriana – the Fairy Queen The theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic – “Fierce warres and faithfullloves” READING: excerpt from The Faerie Queene 仙后 Content: Redcrosse Knight set out on his adventures.
Christopher Marlowe – “University Wits”, the pioneer of Englishdrama Hyperbole(夸张) Marlowe’s achievement: 1) blank verse 无韵诗歌 It is Marlowe who brought vitality(活力) and grandeur(伟 大) into the blank verse with his “mighty lines,”which carry strong emotions. 2) his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.(not strong in dramatic construction.)
esh, but there isno mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscate d(充公) according tohe law of Venice. 3．Excerpt from Hamlet <Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated〔复杂 的〕 to degradehis nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger content: Hamlet, the prince, appearing in a mood of world-weariness〔厌 世〕 occasioned by his father’sdeath and his mother’s hasty remarriage with Claudius, his father’s brother. Hamlet is informed thatClaudius has murdered his father and then taken over both his fat her’s throne and widow. Thus Hamlet isurged to seek revenge. Note: To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action
→ the pioneer of English drama 3 tragedies: <Dr. Faustus> the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness
<Tamburlaine> 帖木耳大 帝 a play about an ambitious and pitiless overpowering king.
William Shakespeare – playwright & poet (above all writers in the past and in the present time) 1. <Henry Ⅵ>, <Richard Ⅲ> … 2. <Richard Ⅱ>, <Henry Ⅳ>, <Henry Ⅴ>, <King John> …
Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet 5 quality: 1) a perfect melody 2)a rare sense of beauty 3)a splendid imagination
4)a lofty(高尚的) moral purity and seriousness 5)a dedicated idealism <The Shepherdes Calender> lament(哀悼) over the loss of Rosalind <The Faerie Queene> 主角：Arthur - who possess 12 virtues
<The Jew of Malta> 马尔他的犹太人 non-drama <The Passionate Shepherd to His Love> pastoral(田园的) life ， the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) READING: 1. excerpt from Dr. Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧 A play based on the German legend Content: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire knowledge. By conjuration(念咒 文召唤)he call up Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant. He make a bond(契 约) to sell his soul to the Devil in returnfor 24 years of life in which Mephistophilis to give him ev erything he desires. Devil’s name is Lucifer. Dominant moral is human rather than religious 2. The Passionate(热情的) Shepherd to His Love this short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) in English literature. The shepherd(牧羊人) enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing(珍爱) a pastoral(田园 的) and pure affectionfor his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.
The Renaissance Period: 14th –mid 17th started in Italy A series of historical events: 1. rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture 2. new discoveries in geography & astrology(占星学) 3. the religious reformation & economic expansion The Renaissance - rebirth or revival Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the presentlife Best representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare The Elizabethan drama: the real mainstream of English Renaissance Most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson