英语阅读理解(社会文化)各地方试卷集合

英语阅读理解(社会文化)各地方试卷集合
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. It's a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps.
In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for good fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods.
The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.
The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. As the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small lamps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.
The festival's fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.
And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.
For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.（1）People celebrate the first day of Diwali mainly for______.
A.good fortune.
B.colorful lanterns
C.expensive jewelry
D.traditional designs
（2）What's the probable purpose of creating "rangoli" on the floor?
A.To design traditional patterns.
B.To produce colored powder or sand.
C.To help get rid of bad luck.
D.To produce an opportunity in business.
（3）What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival?
A.Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones.
B.Be busy decorating his home during the day.
C.Get together with his sisters and brothers.
D.Light up his home with small lamps.
（4）Which of the following may not be a reason for children's love of Diwali?
A.Having a week off.
B.Getting Christmas gifts.
C.Enjoying amazing food.
D.Setting off fireworks.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“In hon or of Lakshmi，the Hindu goddess of wealth，people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare，succcss，and well-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“For some，the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand. ”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj. It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food. ”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。

可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“For children in India，Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts，new clothes，amazing food，and，in the past at least，a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因为他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at , you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.
TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the
founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.
The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to "offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers," as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.
The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.
TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It's been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference's host afterward.
The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.
（1）What is the main topic of the article?
A.The case against TED
B.What's on TED today.
C.Pros and cons of .
D.What is TED
（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.The TED conference came after the success of .
B.Two TED conferences are now held every year.
C.TED talks are available in many languages.
D.The Sapling Foundation owns .
（3）From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.
A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published
B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers
C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful
D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation
（4）This author probably believes that________.
A.TED is elitist
B.TED is beneficial
C.TED isn't important
D.TED is the best website
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“And at , you can acce ss lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.”在，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。

以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED 是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to ‘offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,’ as the website puts it.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。

可知，“TED大会是在网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。

它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。

可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。

可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital(婚姻的)status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu(印度教的)religion. The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects, and “bindi" is the one that is most commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction Men as well as women wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one.
The position of the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close to the eyebrows. It represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inward toward God. As such, the dot means piety(虔诚)and serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer's thou ghts.
Red is the traditional color of the dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to Hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. Today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. Decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and
old, married and unmarried people alike. Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.
（1）Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead?
A.To stress their family background.
B.To indicate their social rank.
C.To show their religious belief.
D.To display their financial status.
（2）What is the function of the third eye in Hindu tradition?
A.To help the other eyes see better.
B.To look to the distance.
C.To see the outside world.
D.To pay respect to God.
（3）Why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?
A.The word "bindi" means "red" in some Hindi dialects.
B.Red was believed to be a lucky color for husband and wife.
C.The red dot represented the blood of God.
D.Red stood for a wife's love for her husband.
（4）Which of the following statements is true about bindis today?
A.Bindis are now used to make people look better.
B.Bindis are worn anywhere on the face now.
C.Most Indian women do not wear bindis anymore.
D.More men than women wear bindis in India.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。

现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital（婚姻的）status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。

虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。

可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。

以及“As such，the dot serves as a constant reminder to keep God inthe front of a believer's thoughts．”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。

所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“According to Hindu beliefs，the color red is believed to
bring good fortune to the married couple．”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Decorative or sticker bi ndis come in all sizes，colorsand variations，and can be worn by young and old，married and unmarried people alike．Wearinga bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.” 装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。

佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。

可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。

故选A．
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be observed on November 28, attempts to inspire the season of giving. Now in its sixth year, the charitable(慈善的)day uses the power of social media to encourage organizations and individuals to donate funds or resources to worthy causes. Its mission is to bring positive change to communities through giving.
Though devoting just one day to a worthy cause may not seem much, Giving Tuesday makes a surprisingly significant impact. In 2015,ORGANIZE,an online organ donor program asked people to “Give with your Heart”,by becoming registered donor s. Thousands of Americans listen to the cry for help, resulting in one of the largest digital donor drives in US history.
That same year, the Cleveland Library and the Pratt Library in Baltimore competed to see who could encourage more donations. While the Pratt Library won with a $41,000 acquisition, the Cleveland Library was able to raise a fairly large amount for its programs as well. In 2016, the University of Michigan encouraged students and friends to donate to hourly challenges. They raised an amazing $5.5 million! The university hopes to recreate the magic this year, with a virtual celebration to mark the institution's 200th anniversary.
Giving Tuesday is not just a US phenomenon, but a global movement. In 2016, 98 countries participated in the event, raising $177 million, a 44% increase over 2015, when 71 nations collected $116.7 million. These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.
Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerous other ways to support your local community. You can give back by volunteering at a nearby nonprofit or food bank. Social media experts can do their share by spreading the information and inspiring their colleagues to get involved. Another great way to celebrate Giving Tuesday is by helping those closest to you, whether that's assisting a family member with chores or helping a neighbor with yard work.（1）Why is Giving Tuesday started?
A. To appeal to people to perform an act of kindness.
B. To promote sales of the holiday shopping season.
C. To inspire the poor to have a positive view of life.
D. To encourage people to donate organs for patients.
（2）It can be inferred from the text that .
A. people donated money actively for the two libraries in Baltimore
B. the University of Michigan thought it challenging to get donations
C. Giving Tuesday hasn't been universally accepted in the world so far
D. the donations to the institution were given for its 200th anniversary
（3）The author tries to tell the readers in Paragraph 5.
A. why we need to volunteer in our local community
B. who we will celebrate Giving Tuesday together with
C. where we should donate funds to benefit other people
D. how we can give to help those who are in great need
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍Giving Tuesday,并激励人们慷慨行善。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be observed on November 28,attempts to inspire the season of givin g.”可知,人们庆祝Giving Tuesday的目的是激励人们慷慨行善。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.”可以推断出,到目前为止在世界上庆祝Giving Tuesday还不够普遍。

故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第五段中的“)Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerou s other ways to support your local community.”可知,本段文章的内容主要讲述为社会奉献有许多种方式。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted. Items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the gallery. We regret that the museum doesn't have enough space for visitors items larger than 17*26 inches in the gallery.
Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the gallery. *For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor's back. Soft front-baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Wheelchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.
*Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor's bag. Cell phones may not be used in the gallery.
*Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted.
*Skateboarding is prohibited.
*Picture-taking(including video) for personal use is permitted except in the special exhibits.
*Please don't touch the works of art.
（1）According to the text, which item can be carried into the gallery?
A. umbrella
B. package
C. Ipad
D. suitcase
（2）When in the gallery, what can visitors do?
A. They can carry opened bottled water in their bags.
B. They can drink inside the food service areas.
C. They can take pictures for personal use anywhere.
D. They must pay if they use wheelchairs for the children.
（3）What is the text mainly about?
A. The polices of the gallery
B. The artworks of the gallery
C. The location of the gallery
D. The history of the gallery
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了参观博物馆的一些规定。

比如，游客携带的物品需要在入口处接受检查；过大的物品不允许带入博物馆；此外，除了服务犬外其他动物不允许进入等等。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance.“可知，伞、背包和手提包等都不可以带进国家美术馆。

故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据带星号要点的第二点“Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas.“可知，不允许饮食服务区以外的食品和饮料，可推知可以饮用饮食服务区内供应的饮料，故选B。

(3)考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了艺术展上，参观者需要注意的事项，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, the "Fringe" appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little -- known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the "Fringe", once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator(行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
（1）What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?
A.To bring Europe together again.
B.To honor heroes of World War II.
C.To introduce young theatre groups.
D.To attract great artists from Europe.
（2）Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?
A.They owned a public house there.
B.They came to take up a challenge.
C.They thought they were also famous.
D.They wanted to take part in the festival.
（3）What does the "Fringe" mean in the third paragraph?
A.unpopular groups
B.non-official groups
C.foreign groups
D.local groups
（4）We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival .
A.has become a non-official event
B.has gone beyond an art festival
C.gives shows all year round
D.keeps growing rapidly
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱丁堡音乐节形成和发展，包括对创设目的，参与群体，发展规模等方面进行了简要而准确的叙述，回顾了爱丁堡音乐节的发展历程。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.”可知，这个Edinburgh Festival是为了在二战后重新团结欧洲。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,” 可知这些队伍认为每个人都有表演的权力，所以他们想要参加节日。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“At the same time, the ‘Fringe’ appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. ”可知Fringe 与official是相对的；再根据“Eight theatre groups turned up？”以及第四段中的“Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform ”可知很多团体和大学生也参与了进来，所以Fringe译为非正式的，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“ today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. ”可知它发展的非常快。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.
An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant
feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
（1）The most suitable title for this passage would be __________.
A.Traffic Jams.
B.Good Manners.
C.Road Politeness.
D.Modern Drivers.
（2）Troubles on the road are often caused by __________.
A.traffic jams
B.the behavior of the drivers
C.the great speed of modern life
D.terrible road conditions
（3）According to the writer, a good driver should __________.
A.encourage children to cross the road whenever they want to
B.beat back when forced to face rude driving
C.be able to recognize politeness when he sees it
D.join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel
（4）t is not always right for drivers to __________.
A.master the roadmanship
B.neglect politeness when they see it
C.give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness
D.encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了的道路行车礼仪的话题，道路行车的礼仪正变得越来越糟糕了，道路行车礼仪不仅仅是有礼貌的还是有意义的，接下来介绍了一些不恰当的做法，最后提出文明行车势在必行。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. ”；以及第三段中的“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous”可知，文章从正反两面讲述了司机在道路上行驶的时候所应该注意的礼貌问题，而且作者在最后一段介绍了一位有经验的司机对此的看法，由此判断这篇文章最合适的标题是道路礼仪。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“...but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel”；以及第二段中的“...， but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.”可知，但是在路上的举止却越来越糟
糕。

每个人都知道，最善良的人在驾驶时也会变成凶猛的老虎。

即使是头脑最冷静的司机，在被迫面对粗鲁的驾驶行为时，也需要极大的耐心来放弃反击的欲望。

所以马路上的麻烦很多都是由人的行为引起的，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.“可知，现在的很多司机看起来不知道什么才是道路礼节。

所以判断出根据作者的说法，一个好的司机应该知道什么是道路礼节，故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“misplaced politeness can also be dangerous”；以及“The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to．”可知，不恰当的礼貌可能是危险的，同样的道理适用于鼓励老妇人随时随地过马路。

所以司机鼓励老妇人随时随地过马路并不总是正确的。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.
The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.
Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.
In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.
Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations (海拔) to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas. Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.
As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.
（1）What does the underlined word "adversely" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. slightly B. temporarily C. harmfully D. gradually
（2）Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?
A. To adapt to the change of temperature.
B. To increase the quality of the products.
C. To reduce the cost of coffee production
D. To get access to water supply more easily.
（3）What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer.
B. Small changes may have large effects in general.
C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.
D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.
（4）How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?
A. Cautious.
B. Worried.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Hopeful.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。

到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。

咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.”这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。

由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。

"adversely"意思是有害的，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.”咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地地区。

由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.”咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段中的“Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.”不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。

由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.”一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。

和第五段中的“Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for grow ing coffee will be cut by half.”事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面。