过去完成时态

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语法沙龙大观
®进去宪成铒态
江苏李建高
■要点清单
过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)表示过去某一时问或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去 的过去”。

一、过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“助动词had/动词的过去分词”构 成。

其中had为have/ha s的过去分词，它可以用于各种 人称和数。

二、过去完成时的句式
过去完成时的肯定句由“助动词had/动词的过去 分词”构成;否定句在had之后加not(可缩略为hadn’t);—般疑问句应将助动词had提到句首，答语为“Yes,... had./No,...hadn’t.”例如:
He had arrived at the village before 8 o’clock last night.昨晚8点前，他已经到达了那个村子。

Her little brother hadn't finished his homework by the time she went to bed.她上床睡觉的时候，她的弟 弟还没有完成家庭作业。

—Had the rain stopped when you le ft?当你离开的时候，雨停了吗？
—Yes，it had./No，it hadn’t.是的，雨停了。

/不，没。

三、过去完成时的用法
1.用于表示在过去某一时刻前已经发生的动作或
，before，by，by the end of,by the time,until, when等引导的时问状语或时问状语从句连用。

例如：Jack had fixed the radio before his brother re-turned.杰克在他的弟弟回来之前，已经修好了收音机。

By the time I got to Tina's house，the party had begun.在我到达蒂娜家之前，派对已经开始了。

Until you told me，I had heard nothing of what happen.直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。

When I got to the bus stop，the bus had already gone.当到达时，已经开了
2.用于宾语从句中，表示从句的动作或状态发生在 主句的谓语动作之前。

例如：
He asked what had happened to me.他问发
生了
Michael said he had never seen such an exciting movie before.迈克尔说他以前从来没有看过这么一部 人的
3.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另 一时问的动作或状态，常与for，since构成的时问状语连
用。

例如：
I had been at the bus stop for25 minutes when abusfinallycam e.最终当公共汽车来的时候，我在车站
已经等了 25分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 2016.他说从2016年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

4.如果句中没有明显的时问状语，那么动作发生的 时问先后的顺序，则需要根据上下文来判断。

例如：Afew years passed.The dog hadgrown u p.几年
过去了，那条狗长大了。

The classroom was quiet.Everybody had gone home.教室里很安静。

所有人都已经回家了。

苣英语5
1
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苑语法沙龙
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■真题回放
1.By the time I got to the cinema,the m ovie______for ten minutes.【2016•天水中考题】
A.has been on
B.had been on
C.had stopped
D.had begun
【答案与解析】B考查过去完成时。

bythetim e意为"在……之前”，常引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时;根据“f o r+时间段”可知，主句的谓语要用延续性动词。

句意:在我到达电影院之前，电影已经放 映10分钟了。

2.My parents______to work by the time I______up.【2016•巴中中考题】
A.began;get
B.had begun;had got
C.had begun;got
【答案与解析】C考查过去完成时。

b ythetim e常引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。

句意:在我起床之前，我的父母已经开始工作了。

■学以致用
I.根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳
01
1.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.
After all,h e________it for a very long time.
A.had had
B.has had
C.had
D.has
2.By the end of last month,I________all the
CDs of Justin Bieber.
A.collect
B.collected
C.have collected
D.had collected
3.—Did you see Mr.Hunt at the train station yesterday morning?
—No.When I got there,h e________.
A.leaves
B.had left
C.has left
D.left
4.By the time I got back to school,the bell
A.rang
B.has rung
C.was ringing
D.had rung
5.—How many English words had you learned
—About two thousand.
A.by last term
B.by the end of last term
C.before last term
D.at the end of last term
52V験#
".根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。

6.到去年年底,她已经写了五本书。

S h e_________________five books by the end of
last year.
7.直到我上床睡觉的时候，爸爸还没有回来。

D ad__________________________by the time I
went to bed.
8.史密斯先生去澳大利亚之前已在美国教了十年书。

Mr.Sm ith_________________in America for10
years________he went to Australia.
9.海伦告诉我，她已经去过西藏三次。

Helen told me sh e_________________to Tibet
three times.
10.—他到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了吗？
—是的，已经起飞了。

—________the plane__________________by the
time he got to the airport?
—Y es,_________________.
11.自从2014年工厂建成以来你叔叔一直在那儿 工吗？
________your uncle________in the factory
since it opened in 2014?
12.我们到那儿时会议已经进行了半个小时。

The meeting__________________________for half
an hour when we got there.
(答案见64页)
seven Chinese states, is trying to beat the other six states. To resist him, three men try to kill the King of Qin.
For one thing, the beautiful language in this movie may contribute to your study of Chinese in lis­tening, speaking and writing. For another thing, the cultural elements will broaden your horizons and, above all, enrich your daily life.
Yours,Wang Tong
!
A PE lesson
Apr. 4th Wednesday
Sunny
This afternoon we had a PE lesson in the open air.
When the bell rang, the students gathered on the playground quickly. First, our teacher taught us to practice the long jump. After warming-up exercises, the teacher told us the way of long jump and showed us how to do it. Then we followed the teacher and practiced one after another. Soon came my turn, but I felt a bit nervous. Though I failed the first time, yet I didn’t lose my heart. I kept on practicing. At last I was able to jump over 3 meters.
From this lesson I came to realize that one will succeed if he has perseverance.
常识点滴
Dear Mr. Miller,
I’m Li Ping, from Yangfan Middle School. I，m very interested in your project and want to be the volunteer to help the students learn Chinese.
I am warm -hearted and always ready to help others. I'm good at both writing and speaking Chi­nese. Last year, I won the first place for the Chinese Speech Competition in my city. I have many good ways to learn Chinese well. For example, we can lis­ten to the radio and speak it aloud every morning. Al­so learning some Chinese classical songs helps im-
64 >严！英#
参考答案
prove the language quickly. Besides, talking with Chi­nese is a fun and effective way to learn Chinese and its culture.
If I can get the job, I believe I can be a great helper.
Thank you for consideration.
Yours truly, Li Ping
词句派对
"1. spent 2-pay 3. cost 4. takes
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".5. not to 6. As I was walking 7. had left; until
语法沙龙
"I .1#5ADBDB ".6. had written 7. hadn’t come back 8. had taught; before 9. had been
10. Had; taken off; it had 11. Has; worked 12. had been on
© 1. 1. When; are; can go 2. When; was; learn 3. While / When; was n . 4#5 AD
巧记妙喻
1#4 BCAD
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