007 normalizing热加工专业英语
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
正火
Normalizing of Steels
Normalizing of steel
Normalizing of steel is a heat treating process that is often considered from both thermal and microstructural standpoints.
Overlaping functions of normalizing and annealing
• Similarly, for wrought products, normalization can obliterate banded grain structure due to hot rolling, as well as large grain size or mixed large and small grain size due to forging practice.
• Austenitic steels, stainless steels and maraging steels either can not be normalized or usually are not normalized.
Purpose of normalizing
• Stress relief • Improved machinability • Grain structure refinement • Homogenization • Modification of residual stresses
Normalizing
above Ac3 for hypoeutectoid steels and above Acm for hypereutectoid steels.
Name
Hypoeutectoid steel Eutectoid steel
Hypereutectoid steel
T ( °C ) Ac3 + 50～100 Ac1 + 50～100 Acm + 50～100
• The purpose of heat treatment is to control the properties of a metal or alloy through the alteration of structure of the metal or alloy by heating it to definite temperature and cooling at various rates.
钢的正火是一种热处理工艺，通常从受热和显微组 织两个角度来考虑。
Normalizing of steel
Definition • 将钢加热（heat）到上临界点(A3、Acm)
以上，进行完全奥氏体化(austenitizing)， 然后在空气中冷却(cooling in still or slightly agitated air)的热处理过程称为正火。
Comparative analysis of normalizing and annealing
• Faster cooling rate
high carbon steel, pearlite or sorbite
medium carbon steel low carbon steel
a small amount of ferrite plus pseudo eutectoid structure
Selection of normalizing and annealing
• 从改善切削加工性能上来考虑 Wc<0.25% 正火 Wc：0.25-0.5% 正火 Wc：0.5-0.75% 完全退火 Wc> 0.75% 球化退火
a large amount of pearlite and a thin
piece
Overlaping functions of normalizing and annealing
• Actually, the functions of normalizing may overlap with or be confused with those of annealing, hardening and stress relieving.
classification :Heat treatment
bulk heat treatment
整 体 退火;正火; 热处理 淬火;回火;
感应加 热淬火
热处理
表面淬火
thermo-chemical treatment
表面 热处理
火焰加 热淬火
化 学 渗碳; 渗氮; surface heat treatment 热处理 碳氮共渗;
Application of normalizing
• All of the standard low-carbon, mediumcarbon and high-carbon wrought steels can be normalized, as well as many castings.
Application of normalizing
Heat treatment
Normalizing of Steels
temperature
Definition :heat treatment
holding transformation temperature cooling
heat
time
Definition :heat treatment
Normalizing
• Normalizing is an austenitizing heating cycle followed by cooling in still or slightly agitated air.
The work is heated to a temperature about 55℃ above the upper critical line of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram,
正火
Normalizing of Steels
Normalizing of steel
Normalizing of steel is a heat treating process that is often considered from both thermal and microstructural standpoints.
Overlaping functions of normalizing and annealing
• Similarly, for wrought products, normalization can obliterate banded grain structure due to hot rolling, as well as large grain size or mixed large and small grain size due to forging practice.
• Austenitic steels, stainless steels and maraging steels either can not be normalized or usually are not normalized.
Purpose of normalizing
• Stress relief • Improved machinability • Grain structure refinement • Homogenization • Modification of residual stresses
Normalizing
above Ac3 for hypoeutectoid steels and above Acm for hypereutectoid steels.
Name
Hypoeutectoid steel Eutectoid steel
Hypereutectoid steel
T ( °C ) Ac3 + 50～100 Ac1 + 50～100 Acm + 50～100
• The purpose of heat treatment is to control the properties of a metal or alloy through the alteration of structure of the metal or alloy by heating it to definite temperature and cooling at various rates.
钢的正火是一种热处理工艺，通常从受热和显微组 织两个角度来考虑。
Normalizing of steel
Definition • 将钢加热（heat）到上临界点(A3、Acm)
以上，进行完全奥氏体化(austenitizing)， 然后在空气中冷却(cooling in still or slightly agitated air)的热处理过程称为正火。
Comparative analysis of normalizing and annealing
• Faster cooling rate
high carbon steel, pearlite or sorbite
medium carbon steel low carbon steel
a small amount of ferrite plus pseudo eutectoid structure
Selection of normalizing and annealing
• 从改善切削加工性能上来考虑 Wc<0.25% 正火 Wc：0.25-0.5% 正火 Wc：0.5-0.75% 完全退火 Wc> 0.75% 球化退火
a large amount of pearlite and a thin
piece
Overlaping functions of normalizing and annealing
• Actually, the functions of normalizing may overlap with or be confused with those of annealing, hardening and stress relieving.
classification :Heat treatment
bulk heat treatment
整 体 退火;正火; 热处理 淬火;回火;
感应加 热淬火
热处理
表面淬火
thermo-chemical treatment
表面 热处理
火焰加 热淬火
化 学 渗碳; 渗氮; surface heat treatment 热处理 碳氮共渗;
Application of normalizing
• All of the standard low-carbon, mediumcarbon and high-carbon wrought steels can be normalized, as well as many castings.
Application of normalizing
Heat treatment
Normalizing of Steels
temperature
Definition :heat treatment
holding transformation temperature cooling
heat
time
Definition :heat treatment
Normalizing
• Normalizing is an austenitizing heating cycle followed by cooling in still or slightly agitated air.
The work is heated to a temperature about 55℃ above the upper critical line of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram,