2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习(19)

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习〔19〕与答案
阅读理解 (共15小题；每一小题2分，总分为30分)
阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最优选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Almost anyone who has read a travel brochure about Africa has heard of elephants getting drunk from the fruit of the marula tree. It is said that elephants can get drunk by eating the fermented (发酵) fruit rotting on the ground. Books have even been written to prove the truth of the phenomenon.
But a study published in the journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology tells a very different story.
Steve Morris, a biologist at the University of Bristol in England and an author of the study, says there is nothing in the biology of either the African elephant or the marula fruit to support the stories. Morris says, “ people just want to believe in drunken elephants.〞
The marula tree, a member of the same family as the mango, grows widely in Africa. Its sweet, yellow fruit is used for making jam, wine and beer. “The first mistake of the drunken-elephant theory is that it’s unlikely that an elephant would eat the fruit if it were rotten, 〞Morris says. “Elephants eat the fruit right off the tree, not when it’s rotten on the ground, 〞 he explains.
Other experts add that if an elephant were to eat the fruit on the ground, it wouldn’t wait for the fruit to ferment. Michelle Gadd, an African wildlife specialist, says that elephants and many other animals, including birds and monkeys, are too fond of marula fruit to let it rot.
If fermented fruit on the ground is out of the question, so is the notion that the fruit could ferment in the stomach of elephants, according to the study authors. Food
takes between 12 and 46 hours to pass through an elephant’s digestive system, the authors point out, which is not enough for the fruit to ferment.
Supposing that this happened, it’s still highly improbable that the food would produce enough alcohol to make an elephant drunk. Through calculations of body weight, elephant digestion rates, and other factors, the authors conclude that it would take about 1.9 litres of ethanol(乙醇) to make an elephant drunk.
56. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. it is not easy to find marula fruit in the wild in Africa
B. African elephants don’t like to eat marula fruit at all
C. marula fruit can be made into food or drink consumed by people
D. birds and monkeys in Africa like to eat rotten marula fruit
57. According to Paragraph 6, marula fruit is likely to ferment ________.
A. in about 12 hours
B. in about 34 hours
C. between 12 and 46 hours
D. in more than 46 hours
58. According to Mr. Morris, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Elephants just eat the fruit right off the tree.
B. Elephants will not eat the fruit which is rotten.
C. The marula tree and the mango belong to different families.
D. There are several connections between Elephants and the marula fruit.
59 . What does the underlined word“this〞 in the last paragraph probably refer to ?
A. Elephants getting drunk.
B. Marula fruit fermenting in elephants’ stomachs.
C. Elephants eating rotten marula fruit.
D. Elephants eating marula trees directly.
57.【答案】D
【解析】根据本段中“Food takes between 12 and 46 hours to pass through an elephant’s digestive system, the authors point out, which is not enough for the fruit to ferment. 〞可知答案。

【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。

58.【答案】B
【解析】根据第四段中“The first mistake of the drunken-elephant theory is that it’s unlikely that an elephant would eat the fruit if it were rotten, 〞 Morris says. “Elephants eat the fruit right off the tree, not when it’s rotten on the groun d〞一句可知。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

59.【答案】B
【解析】“Supposing that this happened, it’s still highly improbable that the food would produce enough alcohol to make an elephant drunk.〞这句话的意思是假设这种果实在大象体内能发酵，那它产生的乙醇也不足以使大象醉倒。

【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。

〔济南市2011届高三教学质量调研〕
Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify develop much sooner than most parents realize.
Kristy vanMarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants(婴儿)are able to quantify substances(物质)—like sand or water—as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amount，especially when it comes to food.
With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups：one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount.
"Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see；however, infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand. "vanMarle said. "What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances；it’s just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one. "
"This information further refutes(驳斥)the long-held idea that babies know nothing of the world. "vanMarle said.
"Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensitive measures. we’ve discovered a 1ot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that there’s somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world，and that knowledge is guiding their development. "vanMarle said.
In the future. vanMarle says this kind of study could be linked to a child’s progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities. such as "Baby Einstein"，still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.
〔3)Babies choose the larger amount of food_____________.
A. by saying numbers
B. with the help of parents
C. On personal preference
D. through their natural abilities
(4)We can learn from the text that_____________.
A. some parents don’t care about their kids
B. people used to think the world is known to babies
C. little research has been done on infants
D. scholars have different opinions on baby- training programs
(5)What’s the best title of the text?
A. Breakthrough in Baby Studies
B. Amazing Baby-training Ideas
C. Early Human Abilities
D. Unique Quantifying Methods
【解析】新的研究发现婴儿具有很强的数量概念，他们几乎总是本能地选择数量较多的物体，尤其在食物方面，这种突破性科学发现有力地驳斥了长期以来认为婴儿对世界一无所知的观点。

(1)C推理判断题。

由文章内容可知，婴儿几乎总是挑选数量多的物体，由此可推断这种能力指的是区分物体数量的能力。

(2)B段落大意题。

第四段介绍的是耗时15年的几个研究的科学发现，应当选B项。

(3)D推理判断题。

文章倒数第二段提到婴儿具有认知世界的一些根本知识.由此可推断他们选择数量比拟多的食物是本能的表现。

(4)D细节理解题。

根据最后一段后半局部中的内容可知学者们就婴儿培训计划存在分歧。

(5)A 标题概括题。

新的研究发现婴儿具有数量意识，从而驳斥了长期以来认为他们对世界一无所知的观点，显然是婴儿研究方面的突破。

〔2011年安徽省“江南十校〞高三联考〕
Looking back on China’s road to outer space, people can easily find it has not been very smooth. In the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years.
After China’s first satellite into the Earth’s orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions from 1999 to 2002.The country carried out its first one-piloted space flight in 0ctober, 2003, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States. Then came another breakthrough oil October 12,2005,when Shenzhou 6, China’s’ second human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew of two astronauts. What’s more, the landmark(里程碑)spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang ,one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept.25,2008,Leads the country further in its space exploration.
Meanwhile, China’s moon exploration project, started in 2004, has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fifry years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world’s first man made satellite, China’s first circumlunar(绕月的)satellite Chang’e l took off on Oct.24,2007,which became another milestone in China’s space achievements after the. above-men-tioned manned flights. Chang’e l was expected to fulfill four scientific goals, one of which was to probe(探测)mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on the Earth. It’s said that the 1unar regolith(月壤)is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support the Earth’s energy demands for more than a century. Nearly 3 years later,Oct.1.2010 witnessed the blasting off of Chang’e 2.China’s 2nd unmanned lunar probe, marking another
step forward in moon exploration. This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Chang’e 3 and Chang’e 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future.
With great expectations, people all over the world are looking forward to China’s greater space achievements.
(1)According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
A. China sent its first satellite into the moon’s orbit in 1970.
B. China is the third country in Asia to make human spaceflight.
C. By now, altogether 5 astronauts have made successful spaceflight by Shenzhou spaceship.
D. The launching of Chang’e l became the third milestone in China’s space achievements.
(2)Paragraph 2 mainly deals with information about China’s______________.
A. landmark spacewalk
B. manned Shenzhou missions
C. first circumlunar satellite
D. unmanned Shenzhou missions
(3)We can infer from the text that_______________.
A. China’s road to outer space has not been very smooth for a long time
B. the lunar regolith is believed to be rich in a clean flue called helium-3
C. China’s lunar exploration project was started in 2004 and completed in 2007
D. China’s scientists are researching into techniques for soft lunar landing
(4)What can be the best title for the text.
A. Ancient Chinese’s Dream
B. China’s Major Space Achievements
C. China’s Moon Exploration
D. The World’s Great Expectations
【解析】这篇文章回顾了中国太空探索所取得的成就——神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星的成功发射。

(1)D正误判断题。

根据第二段中的"first one-piloted space flight in October，2003"以与"Then came another breakthrough on October 12,2005"，再结合第三段中的"Chang’e 1... which became another milestone... "可知"嫦娥一号"的成功发射是中国太空探索的第三个里程碑。

(2)B段落大意题。

该段主要介绍了第一次载人航天飞行以与“神舟六号〞和“神舟七号〞载人航天飞行，应当选B项。

(3)D推理判断题。

A、B两项是直接信息，故排除。

由文章倒数第二段最后一句内容可推知：中国科学家正在研究在月球上软着陆技术。

(4)B主旨大意题。

这篇文章围绕“神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星发射〞而展开，故B项作为标题最适宜。

Froli Cat Dart
While cats require less attention compared to dogs, that
doesn’t mean you can just leave them at home all day
long. No sir, they too, need some level of attention and
will have to keep themselves occupied mentally and physically too. Well, FroliCat Dart makes it possible. Just what is the FroliCat Dart all about? Well, for starters, this device delivers 360°rotation (旋转) that will project laser patterns on the floor, letting your feline (猫科动物) friend chase after it.
Portable USB Power Supply
With modern gadgets, running out of juice happens to some
of us more often, simply because today’s devices seem to
suck up more juice than before. That’s why the Portable USB Power Supply comes in handy, being a best emergency charger for cell phones and other devices. Capable of holding a charge for up to three months when in standby，it will ship with adapter tips that cater for a certain variety of cell phone brands.
Battery Powered Gloves
For those living in the northern hemisphere，we are
pretty sure that you have already stocked up on your
winter supplies to make sure you remain nice and warm
throughout the upcoming freezing months. Well, wearing a pair of the Battery Powered Hand Warming Gloves is necessary so as to keep your palms and fingers warm. These gloves come with battery-powered integral (不可或缺的) heating elements which is capable of keeping your hands nice and warm for up to eight hours. It requires a quartet of AA batteries in each glove,
60. How does FroliCat Dart work?
A. It can make cats run around your house.
B. It can project laser patterns to make cats chase.
C. It can make cats much sleepier than before.
D. It can provide food and drink for cats.
61. From the second paragraph, we know that________
A. Lack of power happens to some of us less often than before.
B. The adapter tips cater for all kinds of cell phone brands.
C. The Portable USB Power Supply can charge for some phones.
D. The Portable USB Power Supply can only last for three months.
62. Where do the Battery Powered Gloves sell well?
A. Iceland
B. India
C. Australia D Singapore
【文章大意】本文是三篇广告。

60. 【答案】B
【解析】从第一如此广告最后一句可知答案。

【考点定位】考查细节查找。

61.【答案】C
【解析】从第二如此广告后面局部“---being a best emergency charger for cell phones and other devices. Capable of holding a charge for up to three months when in standby，
it will ship with adapter tips that cater for a certain variety of cell phone brands.〞可知答案。