2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案 (43页word版)

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案
高考对语法的显性考查主要体现在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中，为突出重点、精准备考，本部分主要讲解这两个题型常考的20条语法规则。

一、名词变复数必记的两条规则
二、高考常考的16个纯不可数名词
三、不定冠词a/an的用法区别
四、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法
1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语；
2.人称代词的宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语；
3.形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语；
4.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，但不能单独作定语；
5.反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。

五、不定代词both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法区别
六、不定代词the other，other，another，others的用法区别
七、it的用法
八、表示时间的at，on和in的用法区别
九、表示“用……”的by，in，with
十、词形变化中的双写辅音字母的情况
十一、形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化
十二、形容词变副词后缀的特别规则
十三、主动形式表示被动意义2种情况
十四、被动形式表示主动意义的几种表达
十五、主谓一致注意的几个问题
十六、动名词和不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语
1.不定式作宾语：下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。

此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

2.动名词作宾语：下列动词常接动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。

下列短语常接动名词作宾语：
be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can’t stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank you for，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time(in)。

十七、可作宾语补足语的3种非谓语动词
1.不定式作宾语补足语
注意：以动词let，have，make，watch，see，hear等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，原句的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，此时的不定式符号to要加上。

He was made to sing an English song at the party.
他被指定在晚会上唱一首英语歌。

2.现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行
3.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动完成
十八、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed 形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。

On hearing the exciting news，she shouted in an excited voice.
一听到这个令人激动的消息，她激动地喊了起来。

十九、不定式作后置定语的三种情况
二十、定语从句中关系代词(that/which)和关系副词(when/where)的区别
准确判断引导词在定语从句中所作的成分，从而正确判断出是填关系代词还是关系副词。

【即时训练】
Many people love proverbs for their wisdom.Proverbs are most impressive because they express a lot of informations in just a few words.A good proverb sums up ideas what are sometimes hard to express.And the person listening immediately understands it.
Proverbs come ordinary people and famous people.These two sources are not always mon and popular wisdom has often been used by famous people.And something said or writing down by well-known people have often been borrowed by the common man.For an example，“Bad news travels fast” probable comes from the experience of housewives.
We used proverbs everywhere in the world.If we can understand a culture’s proverbs，you can better understand the culture itself.
答案
Many people love proverbs for their wisdom.Proverbs are most impressive because
they express a lot of informations
information in just a few words.A good proverb sums up ideas
what
that/which are sometimes hard to express.And the person listening immediately understands it.
Proverbs come from
ordinary people and famous people.These two sources are not always difference
different .Common and popular wisdom has often been used by famous
people.And something said or writing written down by well-known people have
has often been
borrowed by the common man.For an example ，“Bad news travels fast” probable
probably comes from the experience of housewives.
We used
use proverbs everywhere in the world.If we can u nderstand a culture’s proverbs ，you
we can better understand the culture itself.
语法填空专练
A
(2019·长春高三质量监测)When it comes to your brain，researchers have found there’s no better superfood than a book.According to the data 1. (collect)by the University of M ichigan’s Health and Retirement Study，a 2. (hope) pattern came out：people who read books for as little as 30 minutes a day over several years were living an average of two years 3. (long)than people who didn’t read anything at all.
Strange still，as science reminds us，reading books—especially fiction—4. (force) your brain to think critically and make 5. (connection)from one chapter to another，and to the outside world.Also，reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction，6. in turn can lower stress levels.
But it doesn’t mean that magazines，newspapers and web articles are useless.Any reading material that fills your mind and enlarges your vocabulary seems 7. (carry)mental benefits.Therefore，whether you’re reading a page-turner or simply scanning 8. instruction for your coffee maker，many parts of your brain
9. (involve)in positive thinking.Still not inspired to give 10.
a try?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

研究表明，阅读益处多多，建议读者多读书。

1.collected[考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，collect和其逻辑主语the data 构成动宾关系，与介词“by”呼应，故填其过去分词形式collected。

]
2.hopeful[考查形容词。

修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词hopeful修饰名词“pattern”，在句子中作定语。

]
3.longer[考查形容词的比较级。

根据语境中的比较级标志“than”可知，此处表示比较的含义，故填longer。

]
4.forces[考查时态和主谓一致。

根据语境可知，此处叙述客观情况，应用一般
现在时；且主语为动名词短语“reading books”，句子谓语用单数形式，故填forces。

] 5.connections[考查名词的单复数。

connection是可数名词，与该句中的“from one chapter to another”呼应，表示复数概念，且其前无限定词修饰，故填connections。

] 6.which[考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个句子，故用which来引导该从句。

]
7.to carry[考查非谓语动词。

seem to do sth为固定用法，故此处用不定式作宾语，故填to carry。

]
8.an[考查冠词。

instruction意为“操作指南”时是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，故填an。

] 9.are involved[考查时态和主谓一致。

根据语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语many parts of your brain为复数，be involved in“涉及，参与”符合语境，故填are involved。

]
10.it/reading[考查代词或名词。

空处表示对本文主题“阅读”的再次点题，故填代词it或名词reading。

]
B
(2019·武汉四月调研)The game of Go(围棋)is an important board game with origins in China from more than 2，500 years ago.In China，Go 1. (recognize)as“hand conversations”as well，through which players communicate with each other.2. other words，they“talk”through the placing of pieces on the board.The metaphor(暗喻)first 3. (use)by Zhi Daolin，reflects the nature of the game.While scholars of his time often lost 4. (they)in philosophical(哲学的)debates on life and universe，he preferred to play Go，5. he believed was full of hows and whys of life.
Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real-life game；sometimes one can move forward，while at other times，one must slow down；sometimes one can 6. (direct)face the challenger，at other times one must take an indirect approach.Appropriate placement of each tiny Go piece is similar to 7. one might solve a difficult problem of life.The purpose of 8. (play)Go is not just to win but also，more importantly，to seek 9. (wise)through the process.The players unite with each other on the board.Instead of fighting as 10.
(enemy)，they cooperate to play a good game.One thoughtless move could ruin the enjoyment.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了下围棋这项游戏。

下围棋的过程是双方合作的过程，也反映了人生的智慧。

1.is recognized[考查动词的语态、时态和主谓一致。

根据语境可知，此处表示“围棋被认为是手谈”，Go和recognize之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，且主语Go为第三人称单数，故填is recognized。

]
2.In[考查介词。

In other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”。

]
ed[考查非谓语动词。

根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主语The metaphor和use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作定语。

]
4.themselves[考查代词。

此处表示“尽管与他同时代的有学问的人都把他们自己沉迷于人生和宇宙的哲学辩论上。

”lose oneself in意为“沉迷于……”。

]
5.which[考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为“Go”，故用which。

]
6.directly[考查词形转换。

此处修饰动词face应用副词directly。

]
7.how[考查连接词。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，空处在从句中作方式状语，故用how。

]
8.playing[考查非谓语动词。

介词of后面要用动名词，故填playing。

]
9.wisdom[考查词形转换。

动词seek后面缺少宾语，故填名词wisdom。

]
10.enemies[考查名词的单复数。

根据空后的they可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。

]
C
(2019·大连高三双基测试)The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，as the 1. (long) cross-sea bridge in the world, is expected 2. (have) 5G service in the future，according to Fang Zheng，vice general manager of the WLAN office of ZTE Corp.，the bridge’s network 3.(operate).
The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，4. opened on Oct.24，2018，connects the mainland province of Guangdong with the country’s two special administrative regions，Hong Kong and Macao.
“The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge now has good coverage of 4G service，”said Fang.“Experts and workers have overcome the difficulties of a complex construction environment and the lack 5. an optical fiber(光纤) to provide tailored 4G solutions for the bridge and prepare for the future upgrading of 5G service.It can be seen as 6. unique application of wireless technology，highlighting the high-quality products and 7. (advance) technology provided by China’s Communication Section.”
8. (actual)，the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is now ready for the access of Internet of Things，a major business to be achieved by 5G technology.Since the very beginning，the technological base needed for 5G 9. (consider) in terms of network architecture，room for 5G station as well 10. the installment (安装) of fiber.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

港珠澳大桥有望在未来开通5G网络服务。

1.longest[考查形容词的最高级。

根据语境及空前的“the”可知，此处表示作为世界上最长的跨海大桥，故填形容词的最高级。

]
2.to have[考查非谓语动词。

此处表示未来有望开通5G网络服务。

此处be expected to do sth意为“有望……”，为固定用法，所以此处用动词不定式。

]
3.operator[考查词形转换。

此处表示大桥的网络运营方。

故用operator。

]
4.which[考查关系代词。

分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which。

]
5.of[考查介词。

分析句子结构可知，此处lack为名词，lack of sth意为“缺乏某物”，为固定用法。

]
6.a[考查冠词。

此处表示它可以被看作是无线技术的一种独特应用。

application 作“应用”讲时，可用作可数名词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。

]
7.advanced[考查形容词。

此处表示由中国通信部提供的先进技术。

此处应用形容词修饰名词technology，故填advanced。

]
8.Actually[考查副词。

句意：实际上，港珠澳大桥现已准备好接入物联网，物
联网是5G技术将要实现的一项重要业务。

根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。

]
9.has been considered[考查时态与语态。

根据句首的“Since”可知，主句应用现在完成时；主语the technological base与consider之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。

]
10.as[考查固定搭配。

分析句子结构可知，network architecture，room for 5G station以及the installment(安装)of fiber构成并列关系，故用as well as“也，还”。

]
D
Senior citizens are the first to come to our mind when we think of hearing loss，but in a recent report，hearing professionals worry teenagers will soon outnumber aging adults 1. it comes to living with hearing loss.
The rise in popularity of personal audio devices from iPods to smart phones has had dangerous effect on the ears of those who use them most—teenagers！A study 2. (conduct)by the World Health Organization finds that nearly 50% of teens 3. (fall)into the habit of exposing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.
A sound is considered unsafe when it goes beyond 85 decibels(分贝).At that level，it takes just 8 hours of listening over your lifetime to cause damage.The louder the sound is，the 4. (little)time it takes to cause damage.Because hearing loss is 5. (typical)considered a health problem for the elderly，it is difficult to convince already stubborn teenagers that they really are doing damage 6. their ears. Young adults 7. have been exposed to noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms.Their 8. (able)to learn is compromised，and they may have difficulty developing social skills.
In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing，we suggest 9. (set)volume limits on personal audio devices.10. is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了青少年听力下降的原因并提出了相应的应对策略。

1.when[考查固定用法。

when it comes to sth...意为“当涉及某事时”，故填
when。

]
2.conducted[考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，动词conduct和句子主语A study构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填其过去分词作定语。

]
3.have fallen[考查时态。

根据句子中的时间状语“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又因主语是teens，故填have fallen。

]
4.less[考查形容词的比较级。

“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……越……”，根据该句中的“The louder”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填less。

]
5.typically[考查副词。

修饰动词应用副词，故用副词typically修饰其后的动词“considered”，在句子中作状语。

]
6.to[考查介词。

do damage to“对……造成损害”是固定用法，故此处应填介词to。

]
7.who/that[考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Young adults，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。

]
8.ability[考查词性转换。

根据语境及空前的形容词性物主代词Their可知，此处应用名词；又根据空后的“is”可知，此处应填名词的单数形式，故填ability。

] 9.setting[考查非谓语动词。

suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，并结合语境可知，此处应填setting。

]
10.It[考查代词。

It＋系动词＋形容词＋to do sth是固定句型，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，故填It。

]
A
(2019·合肥高三质量检测)
People’s fingernails and toenails，according 1. a recent study，are nowadays growing more quickly.Research carried out at the University of North Carolina indicates that the speed at 2. human nails are growing 3. (increase)by close to 25 per cent over the last 70 years.
The results of the study show that the average human fingernail now grows about 3.5 mm a month，4. (compare)with just 3 mm seven decades ago.Toenail growth，although only about 2 mm per month，was also up on the figure obtained in 5.
similar survey done 70 years ago.
Researchers put the rapid increase down to changes in lifestyle，particularly the greater awareness of the 6. (important)of regular exercise and a healthy diet.This，they point out，is in line with similar 7. (trend)in the height and weight of present-day adults.8. (interesting)，it appears that nails tend 9. (grow)fastest in warmer conditions，with the 10. (quick)growth rate among young people，and men.The fastest-growing nail is on the middle finger，while that on the little finger is by far the slowest，at only a little over 3 mm each month. 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

现代社会，人们的指甲为什么越长越快？研究人员的最新研究给出了答案。

1.to[考查介词。

according to...意为“根据……”，为固定搭配。

]
2.which[考查关系代词。

at which引导定语从句，修饰先行词speed。

]
3.has increased[考查时态。

根据时间状语over the last 70 years可知，此处应用现在完成时。

]
pared[考查非谓语动词。

compare与其逻辑主语3.5 mm a month之间是动宾关系，故用compared。

]
5.a[考查冠词。

survey为可数名词，此处表泛指，故填不定冠词a。

]
6.importance[考查名词。

设空处由定冠词the修饰，故应填名词。

]
7.trends[考查名词复数。

设空处后面的in the height and weight of present-day adults为复数概念，故应填trend的复数形式。

]
8.Interestingly[考查副词。

设空处作状语，故应用副词形式。

]
9.to grow[考查非谓语动词。

tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”，为固定搭配。

]
10.quickest[考查形容词的最高级。

设空处由the修饰，且由前面的fastest可知，应填quick的最高级形式。

]
B
(2019·福建省高三质量检查)
In 551 BC, Kongzi was born to a poor family in the province of Shandong.Kongzi 1. (know) in the Western world as Confucius.
Confucius saw many problems in the world in 2. he lived.He wanted to help make improvements 3. (change) the world for the better.In order to
get into a position of influence, Confucius tried to get himself appointed (任命) as an advisor to 4. number of different government officials.5. (unfortunate), he failed and then set out to become a teacher.
Confucius believed 6. peace and order.He felt everyone had a proper role in society, and if people were willing to accept their role and behave well，the world would be 7. (peace).So Confucius laid out what he called ethics (伦理).These ethics outlined 8. a person should treat others.One of the most important ethics outlined the responsibilities of children to respect and listen to their parents and other elders.
During 9. (he) own lifetime, Confucius’ teachings were not widely accepted.However, within a hundred years they were being used by the emperor to help him rule, and finally became a widely 10. (follow)philosophy. 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章主要讲述了孔子的思想及其对后世的影响。

1.is known[此处是对一般事实的描述，应用一般现在时，且Kongzi与know之间是被动关系，故填is known。

]
2.which[设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词world，且在从句中作in的宾语，故填which。

]
3.to change[“帮助改进”的目的是为了“把世界变得更好”，故填to change。

]
4.a[a number of意为“许多”。

]
5.Unfortunately[设空处修饰整个句子，表示“不幸地”，故填Unfortunately。

]
6.in[believe in意为“信仰”。

]
7.peaceful[设空处作表语，表示“和平的”，故填peaceful。

]
8.how[设空处引导从句作outlined的宾语，且在从句中作方式状语，故填how。

]
9.his[设空处限定lifetime(终生)，故填his。

]
10.followed[设空处作定语修饰philosophy，又因为follow与philosophy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且follow所表示的动作已完成，故填followed。

]
C
One-eighth of all 1. (know)bird species are threatened with extinction(灭绝)，warns a global report.That is 1，469 species 2. danger out of almost
11，000.
Farming is 3. biggest threat：1，091 of the threatened bird species are in trouble because of the growth of agriculture.Farms now occupy six times as much of Earth’s land surface as they 4.(do)over 300 years ago，5. (rise)from 6 to 38 percent between 1700 and today.
“It’s being driven by changing human consumption 6.(pattern)，particularly an increasing switch to a high-meat diet，”says Tris Allinson of BirdLife International.“Today，two-and-a-half times more people are overweight 7. undernourished(营养不良的).”
The growth of agriculture is destroying bird habitats.Farms are spreading out onto ever more land to grow things like cocoa，sugar，and coffee.This loss of habitat is even putting 8. (press)on relatively common species，like turtle doves in Europe and Asia and grey parrots in Africa.“The trend we’re 9. (real)noticing is seeing more familiar，widespread species in trouble，”says Allinson. Allinson says we can save many of the threatened birds.“We do know how 10. (improve)degraded ecosystems，and we can farm more effectively，”he says.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

耕地的增多破坏了鸟类的栖息地，进而威胁到了鸟类的生存。

1.known[考查形容词。

设空处作bird species的定语，且意为“已知的”，故填known。

]
2.in[考查介词。

in danger意为“在危险中”。

]
3.the[考查定冠词。

形容词最高级前需用定冠词the。

]
4.did[考查时态。

由over 300 years ago可知设空处所表示的动作发生在过去，故填did，代替occupied the Earth’s land surface。

]
5.rising[考查非谓语动词。

Farms与rise之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且rise所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故填rising。

]
6.patterns[考查名词复数。

pattern是可数名词，由changing(变化的)可知此处应填其复数形式。

]
7.than[考查连词。

由two-and-a-half times more people可知，此处指超重的人是
营养不良的人的2.5倍，故需填than。

]
8.pressure(s)[考查名词。

设空处作putting的宾语，且意为“压力”，此时pressure 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，故填pressure(s)。

]
9.really[考查副词。

设空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词really。

]
10.to improve[考查非谓语动词。

此处用“疑问词＋不定式”构成的不定式短语作know的宾语，故填to improve。

]
D
(2019·南昌二模)The traditional Chinese name chop(名章)or seal has been used for thousands of years.1. is quite likely that people began using name chops because Chinese characters are so complex and few people in ancient times 2. (be)able to read and write.In addition，chops date back to a time 3. there was no other form of 4. (identify)such as ID cards.
A chop also served as a valid signature.All official 5. (document)in China needed a chop to be valid.Today，most Chinese are educated，but the tradition 6. (keep)alive in China.
If you spend any length of time in China，you will almost 7. (certain)n eed to have a chop.If you’re staying a short time，a chop makes a(n) 8. (amaze)souvenir.A chop can be made quickly，but first you will need to have your name 9. (translate)into Chinese characters.
There are many different sizes and styles of chops.Inexpensive small chops can be carved 10. wood or plastic—upmarket chops are made from ivory，jade，marble or steel.Only a special type of slow-drying red ink is used for a name chop，so if you buy a chop in China，get an inkpad(印泥盒)too.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章介绍了中国的印章文化。

1.It[考查it的用法。

本句中that引导的从句是真正的主语，故用It作形式主语。

]
2.were[考查时态和主谓一致。

本句的主语是people，再根据其后置定语in ancient times可知应用一般过去时，故设空处填were。

]
3.when[考查关系副词。

设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词time且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。

]
4.identification[考查名词。

设空处前面是介词of，故此处填名词identification。

]
5.documents[考查名词复数。

document是可数名词，根据设空处前面的All可知此处填其复数形式documents。

]
6.is kept[考查时态和语态。

tradition与keep之间是被动关系，再根据本句开头的时间状语Today可知用一般现在时，故设空处填is kept。

]
7.certainly[考查副词。

设空处修饰动词need，故填副词certainly。

]
8.amazing[考查形容词。

设空处修饰名词souvenir且意为“令人惊讶的”，故填形容词amazing。

]
9.translated[考查非谓语动词。

have sth done是固定搭配，表示“使某事被做”。

]
10.from[考查介词。

be carved from后加材料，意为“用……雕刻而成”。

]
A
(2019·江西省五校协作体一模)
Celebrities like Olivia Munn，as well as many fashion houses，are among those 1. have taken a stand against wearing animal fur.Now，San Francisco has become the 2. (large)city in the USA to ban retailers(零售商)from selling new fur to their consumers.Thus，3. strong message is sent to the fur industry that the 4. (cruel)these animals suffer for the purpose of becoming clothing is not consistent with the values of the city.
In 2011 West Hollywood became the first American city 5. (forbid)the sale of new fur items，and Berkeley passed a ban 6. the sale of fur clothes last year.Additionally，in 2000，the UK led that charge，7. (follow)by Australia in 2004.The Netherlands，the European Union’s largest producer of fur，banned fur farming in 2012.Earlier this month，Norway banned fur farming and fox and will end mink(貂)farming by 2025.
San Francisco’s ban 8.(take)into effect since January 1，2019. 9. (hopeful)，efforts like this will continue to encourage retailers，consumers，and beyond，to stop 10. (purchase)real animal fur and，thus，further protect the lives of animals everywhere.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章介绍了美国旧金山市出台的一项禁令——禁止交易使用动物皮毛材料制成的商品。

1.who/that[考查关系代词。

设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those(指人)且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。

]
rgest[考查形容词最高级。

由设空处前的the及表示范围的in the USA可知此处应用最高级，故填largest。

]
3.a[考查冠词。

message是可数名词且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。

]
4.cruelty[考查名词。

设空处作suffer的宾语且前面有the，故填名词cruelty。

]
5.to forbid[考查非谓语动词。

the first...to do sth意为“第一个做某事的……”。

]
6.on[考查介词。

a ban on sth是固定搭配，意为“有关……的禁令”。

]
7.followed[考查非谓语动词。

follow与其逻辑主语the UK之间是动宾关系，故填过去分词followed。

]
8.has taken[考查时态。

根据时间状语since January 1，2019可知，应用现在完成时。

]
9.Hopefully[考查副词。

设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，故填副词Hopefully。

]
10.purchasing[考查非谓语动词。

stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。

]
B
(2019·洛阳高三质量检测)
American writer Herman Melville is famous for his novels 1. (describe)adventures on the high seas.During his lifetime，he was actually considered a failed author，and it was only following his 2. (die)that people recognized the gifts of his writing and gave him the praise he justly deserved.Since the early twentieth century，his writings 3. (take)their place alongside the other classics of American literature.
Melville’s life at sea and his family life 4.(heavy)influenced his works.His travels began in 1839，when he shipped out as 5. seaman on a voyage to Liverpool，ter，he went on a whaling voyage to the South Pacific Ocean and spent some time living among the natives there.His 6. (person)adventures sometimes played a big role in his writings，and his first two
novels，Typee and Omoo，were based 7. his voyage south of the equator(赤道).In addition，Moby Dick 8. (influence)by his time on the whaler.
In his writings，Melville often criticized the strict lifestyle his parents raised him with.Some of Melville’s biographers believe he became a humanist at that point and came 9. (believe)that man alone was responsible for his life，especially on the vast，lonely，open ocean.This theme ran through his later works，in 10. his characters frequently openly doubt God.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

文章简要概述了19世纪美国伟大的小说家、散文家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的一生及其著作。

1.describing[考查非谓语动词。

设空处在句中修饰名词novels，且与novels存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填describing。

]
2.death[考查名词。

设空处在句中作宾语，且前面有his修饰，故填die的名词形式。

]
3.have taken[考查时态。

由Since引导的时间状语可知，主句谓语应用现在完成时态。

]
4.heavily[考查副词。

设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词influenced，故填heavily。

]
5.a[考查不定冠词。

设空处修饰可数名词seaman，且表泛指，故填a。

]
6.personal[考查形容词。

设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词adventures，故填形容词personal。

]
7.on/upon[考查介词。

be based on/upon为固定搭配，意为“基于……”。

]
8.was influenced[考查时态和语态。

设空处在句中作谓语，与主语Moby Dick是被动关系，且是对过去发生动作的客观陈述，故填was influenced。

]
9.to believe[考查非谓语动词。

come to do sth意为“达到(对某事物认识或相信的境界)”。

]
10.which[考查关系词。

“in＋设空处”在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词works，且设空处作介词in的宾语，故填which。

]
C
India’s rainforest by night
India has amazing countryside with some of the most remarkable wildlife on Earth，and its 96 national parks are becoming increasingly popular.These parks contain a huge 1. (various)of creatures，from multi-coloured butterflies to large tigers，but unfortunately for visitors，many of them are active 2. (main)at night and then seem to disappear during the day.In southern India’s Periyar National Park，however，they have found an answer 3. this problem：night tours.Walking through the rainforest in the dark 4. (be)a wonderful way 5. (observe)creatures in their natural surroundings.You quickly become more sensible to the sound of birds and animals，and you soon begin to recognise some of their calls.You are accompanied by local guides to prevent you 6. (get)lost，and also for two safety 7. (reason)：there are big cats around，and 8. (poison)snakes，too.Many visitors want to continue their exploration of the jungle all night，but if you want 9. break from the tropical(热带的)heat there are rivers 10. you can go for a cooling swim by moonlight.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文，印度的Periyar National Park为游客开辟了“夜间游”。

1.variety[考查名词。

a variety of...意为“多种多样的……”。

]
2.mainly[考查副词。

设空处作状语，故用副词形式。

]
3.to[考查介词。

answer to...意为“……的解决办法”，为固定搭配。

]
4.is[考查时态与主谓一致。

全文均用一般现在时，且设空处的主语为Walking through the rainforest in the dark，故填is。

]
5.to observe[考查非谓语动词。

way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”，为固定搭配。

]
6.getting[考查非谓语动词。

prevent sb (from)doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。

]
7.reasons[考查名词复数。

根据two以及冒号后面部分中的too，可知应填reasons。

]
8.poisonous[考查形容词。

设空处修饰snakes，故用形容词形式。

]
9.a[考查冠词。

break为可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。

]
10.where[考查关系词。

设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词rivers，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

]
D
(2019·福州高三质量抽测)
The information I 1. (collect)in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2. (use)than most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30，000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogical sentences were added to the text.The“speed readers”3.were tested didn’t notice the irrelevant lines—the readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.
I’ve interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions 4. (offer)by some speed reading courses.5. (them)stories indicate that improper methods are sometimes used to sell the courses.Here’s how：First，you’re asked to read a passage from a book 6. which most persons would be unfamiliar.Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then，after about half 7. hour of instruction，another reading test is given.But this time the reading is the one most educated Americans know well—such as Ad v entures of Huckleberry Finn.Not 8. (surprising)，persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” 9.(perform).
I’m one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing.Occasionally I’ll read a passage or sentence over and over just 10.(let)the beauty of its construction soak in(渗透).Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用，仔细阅读才能领略文字的魅力。

1.have collected/have been collecting[考查时态。

根据该句中的“in the last few years”可知，该处可用现在完成时，收集信息的动作也可以看成从过去开始一直。