美国历史英文版a brief history of USA

American Brief History
Before Colonial period
Forty thousand years ago, a group of Rangers from Asia through North America to Central and South America, these people are the ancestors of the Indians. Indians living in the Americas when Columbus reached the New World ,There are about 30 million, of which about 20 million people live in Canada and the United States, north-central, the rest of the vast majority live in Mexico and the United States south. About 10,000 years ago, there are another group of Asians migrated to northern North America, which is later Eskimos. The earliest American Caucasian may be Vikings, they are a group of adventurous fishing, some people think that 1,000 years ago, they have been to the east coast of North America.
Colonial period
In 1607, one of about 100 people of colonial groups in Chesapeake Beach Jamestown, which is the first permanent colony built by the British in North America, after 150 years, one after another coming Many colonists settled in the coastal areas, many of them from the United Kingdom, and also in part from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. The mid-18th century, the 13 British colonies gradually formed, they have their own government and Parliament in the highest British sovereignty. The 13 colonial area due to the differences of climate and geographical environment, resulting in economic patterns around, the difference between the political system and the concept.
Independence Movement
The mid-18th century, the British colonies in the Americas and the United Kingdom, the existing cracks. With the continuous expansion of the colony, and gradually make them aware of the seriousness of the developments, which sprouted the idea of an independent.
In 1773, the Boston Tea Party, anti-British colonists dumping.
In 1774, representatives from 13 states gathered in Philadelphia, convened the First Continental Congress, hoping to solve the problem peacefully and the United Kingdom. King, however, adhere to the colony must unconditionally surrender to the British king, and accept the punishment. 1775, in Massachusetts, to Lexington flames of war, the outbreak of the War of Independence in North America.
Held in Philadelphia in May 1776, the Second Continental Congress, staunch war with the independent determination, and published his famous "Declaration of Independence", put forward a good reason to fight the battle. Issued the "Declaration of Independence" is considered to be the beginning of the establishment by the United States, this day (July 4) was also the United States as a National Day.
In October 1777, Saratoga victory, reversing the negative trend of the war of independence early. The campaign to make the American people's confidence, and international support.
France and the United States signed a military alliance treaty in February 1778, France officially recognized the United States. France, Spain, the Netherlands have war.
In 1781, the Battle of Yorktown Victory, the U.S. military has won a decisive victory. Yorktown after the battle, in addition to the sea there are several warring and sporadic fighting on land, the war of the North American continent has basically stopped.
The success of the revolution, the American people have the opportunity to express their political ideas in legislative form. Federal Assembly 1787, held in Philadelphia, in Washington pushed for President, they take a matter of principle, that the central authority is a general, but there must be
prudent regulations and instructions, at the same time, they also accept the fact that national government must tax, coin money, to adjust the commercial, a declaration of war and the power to enter into treaties. In addition, in order to prevent the central authority is too large, and to take the politics Montesquieu doctrine, that the Government set three equal cooperation with the department, that the three powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial checks and balances to reconcile checks and balances, rather than make any rights accounted for controlling position.
In 1812, Britain again invaded the newly established United States, known as the Second War of Independence, the post-war U.S. states more united.
Westward expansion
The early 19th century, thousands of people across the Appalachian Mountains, moved west. Some pioneers, emigrated to the United States border, belong to the territory of Latin America north of Mexico, between Alaska and California, Oregon and even depth.
In 1846, the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, the United States expanded their area.
Civil War
The cause of the Civil War, not only economic, political, military and ideological conflict. The civil war has exposed the weakness of the United States. The existence of this country, and made some test. After the test, the United States was moving towards the royal road to a centralized modern state. Slavery issue between the North and the South would disagree, the main policy of the South in national politics, in the protection and expansion of the interests represented by the system of cotton and slaves; northern states, mainly manufacturing, commercial and financial center These production without relying on slaves.
This economic and political conflict is long-standing. The early 1860s, 11 Southern states seceded from the Union, and another group of government, said of the North, will be willing to pay any price in order to unify. In 1861, civil war broke out in this bloody war Americans face-to-face, after four years. April 9, 1865, the southern government failed, this victory is not only the U.S. recovery unified, but also from all over the country is no longer the purposes of slavery. Industrialization and reform
The early 19th century, the United States began to industrialization after the civil war entered a mature stage. Become urbanized country in less than 50 years from the Civil War to World War I, the United States from a rural republic. From the 1890-1917 year for the past 30 years, is known as the so-called "progressive period". In 1914, the outbreak of World War I; 1917, the United States was involved in World War whirlpool, and try to play a new role in the world.
Great Depression and World War II
Affected by the Great Depression is not just the United States, the countries of the world have been implicated. Great Depression, millions of workers are unemployed, a large number of farmers were forced to give up farmland, factory shops closed, and bank failures in a recession. In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (1882 to 1945) was elected president, he advocated that the government should take action to end the Great Depression, and then launched a series of policies to a temporary solution to alleviate many difficulties, but the economy of the United States or to the Second World World War II after waking up. After World War II, with the defeat of the Axis powers, Britain and France, the strength of the recession, the United States and the Soviet Union became a superpower, the world was divided into two camps of the East and the West. The United States and the Soviet Union and their respective camps were busy preparing the various aspects of
the military, political, economic, and propaganda, as in wartime. This state is known as the "Cold War".
During the Cold War
The history of the United States since 1960, many ways is still a continuation of the post-war development. Economic aspects in addition to the cyclical downturn is still expanding; moved from the city to the suburbs of the population continues to increase, and in 1970, ranking rural population of more than the home city population. Early 1960, blacks become the main problem within the United States.
The mid-1960s, many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. In addition, due to the concentration of industrial development and population, the late 1960s, the ecological environment pollution wide attention. Since the early 1970s, the recession caused by the energy crisis of the worst. The mid-1970s, the U.S. economy once recovery. But not period in the 1970s, and inflation.
In 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States, the country held various celebrations. The United States in the Cold War eventually caused the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States as the world's only superpower, the ideological barriers between the two camps in the world is broken. April 12, 1981, the United States launched the space shuttle Columbia, humans have brought in another space a new era. Terrorist attacks and counter-terrorism policy
9.11 in New York and Washington in 2001, "have an enormous impact on the United States and the world, this event is by far the most serious terrorist attacks in human history. The U.S. government condemned this incident and stand by the sympathy and support of most countries; around the world after the events in a variety of commemorative activities. The incident also led to a U.S. foreign policy focused on dealing with the threat of terrorism. The U.S. government started the war on terror and action to overthrow the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in October 2001. In 2003, the United States launched the war in Iraq, the overthrow of the regime of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi interim government. • May 1, 2011, the Osama bin Laden in the Pakistani capital of Islamabad, the U.S. Navy Seals killed.。