2021届郑州第八中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及参考答案

2021届郑州第八中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Bored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like400 kmabove my head. That's where the International Space Station orbits the earth, with six astronauts living and working on board, for months at a time.
How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling. American astronaut Sunita Williams explains, “It's like a little phone booth, but it's pretty comfortable and it doesn't matter if I turn overand sleep upside down. I don't have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me I'm upside down.”
Brushing your teeth in a place where you can't have a tap or a sink can be a challenge. Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when he's done.
Daily exercise is essential. The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength — so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.
The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth. So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747. Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control — although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)．
One of their most valued perks (额外待遇) is the view from “the office”, dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there, sitting in the darkness of space. Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!
1. When they sleep upside down, the astronauts willnot get dizzy because ________.
A. they don't feel it
B. they sleep in the daytime
C. they sleep in special sleeping bags
D. they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness
2. What parts become weak if astronauts don't exercise?
A. Their teeth and bones.
B. Their brains and bones.
C. Their bones and muscles.
D. Their teeth and muscles.
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Problems We Met in Space.
B. Living and Working in Space.
C. How to Become an Astronaut.
D. The International Space Station.
B
It's a popular belief that a fish's memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don't remember what they've eaten or where they’ve been, and they don't identify you or any of their friends--every moment intheir life would be like seeing the world for the first time.
But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food.They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements.They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.
In fact. scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地) in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past "fights".But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survivein the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risk,"lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals.But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.
4. According to the text, people commonly believe that ______.
A. fish don't recognize any of their friends
B. a fish's memory lasts for only seven minutes
C. fish can only remember part of their past experiences
D. fish can remember things that happened long ago
5. How can fish benefit most from a good memory?
A. They can remember their enemies and fight.
B. They can remember where to get food and survive.
C. They can remember their friends and help each other.
D. They can remember where to go when in danger.
6. What can we learn from the text?
A. Only African cichlids have a good memory.
B. African cichlids can remember things for 12 days.
C. African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively.
D. African cichlids don't belong to the list of smart animals.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. What we can learn from fish.
B. Fish having a very bad memory.
C. How fish improve their memory.
D. Fish being smarter than we thought.
C
At the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded thatplanting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.
If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.
Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank,
to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.
There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of theUnited States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century.
In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claimthat global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.
8. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?
A. It was published in a journal.
B. It was proposed last summer.
C. It was put forward by Trump.
D. It drew lots of public attention.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy.
B. An example of balancing carbon release.
C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell.
D. A responsibility for politicians and economists.
10. What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration?
A. Indifferent.
B. Opposed.
C. Hesitant.
D. Supportive.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting.
B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue.
C. Planting Trees Won't Save the World.
D. The Best Solution to Climate Change.
D
While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.
We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.
Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.
Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposingforces.The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future.
12. What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?
A. It brings people inner peace.
B. It contributes to problem-solving.
C. It reduces the possibility of crises.
D. It deepens understanding of music.
13. What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?
A. It celebrates freedom and unity.
B. It aims to show crises and chaos.
C. It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.
D. It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.
14. What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?
A. Leaving things as they are.
B. Making a choice between them.
C. Separating them from each other.
D. Engaging them in a conversation.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How COVID-19 changes art
B. Essentials of Symphony No. 9
C. Moving artfully through crises
D. Joy in the eyes of Beethoven
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. But one night in 2010, Hill, then a 17-year-old high school senior, was in a car accident that put her in the hospital for 51 days andleft her paralyzed from the waist down.___16___For Hill, it was just a beginning. "I wanted to prove to my community and to myself that I was still 'normal'," she told Teen Vogue.___17___
___18___She met people online who had suffered various spinal cord (脊髓) injuries and she invited them to dance with her. Hoping to reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she called "Rollettes". "I want to break down the stereotype of wheelchair users and show that dance is dance, whether you are walking or you are rolling," she told CBS News. So far, Hill has achieved her childhood dream.___19___Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair users and in 2019, 173 participants from ten countries attended.
For many, it was the first time they'd felt they belonged. Edna Serrano, a member of the Rollettes, said, "Being part of the Rollettes team has given me courage and confidence. It's so powerful to have my teammates in my life, because they're my teachers. "___20___One woman saw a YouTube video of the team competing and commented, "You guys are so awesome! I'm in tears because you rock!"
A. However, the Rollettes have helped her find more than that.
B. The dancers aren't the only ones who feel inspired.
C. For most people，the hope of dancing career would have been ruined.
D. Chelsie Hill was so depressed because it completely ruined her dream.
E. Whatever normal means, it definitely took lots of learning and patience.
F. After graduation, Hill wanted to expand her dance topeople alike.
G. Dancing on wheels can be just as fast-paced, artful, and fulfilling as the foot-based.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项One dark morning during my walk, I fell and had my___21___broken. I received several___22___ over two years. It was no fun for a busy mother! More_____23_____, I was left with certain physical limitation. My doctor told me to live life to the______24______, but not to do things that would be too much for my arm. As I recovered from the last surgery, I fell in_______25_______ over all the things I would never get to do that I had wanted to try, like boating. However, I_____26_____ so much on what I couldn’t do that I didn’t___27___what I could do was right in front of me all along.
My fourteen-year-old son, Matthew, was fond _____28_____ archery(射箭). I loved watching him shoot arrows and I had learned quite a bit about the____29____. I had never tried his bow. I was sure my arm would never allow for such____30____ equipment, anyway. Then during one of my son’s ________31________, the coaches had a “fun day” and ________32________ encouraged the typically sedentary（久坐的)parents to ________33________ a bow. Before I realized what I was doing, I shot my___34___arrow. And it hit the___35___—6 points!
From then on, I often practiced. The more I did it, the more I knew I could do it. I realize that not only will my body not _____36_____ this new adventure, but neither will my family—my husband has taken up archery and my other son has tried it as well! I think the sport has made my family___37___ in some way. I never______38______ something like archery would be possible for me. I guess being faced with the concept of “limitations” pushed me forward. No more______39______ and no more fears, I just had to take___40___and shoot—and find my way.
21. A. head B. leg C. arm D. eye
22. A. operations B. occupations C. qualifications D. certifications
23. A. luckily B. importantly C. unfortunately D. happily
24. A. fairest B. fullest C. cheapest D. easiest
25. A. love B. sympathy C. embarrassment D. desperation
26. A. depended B. figured C. insisted D. focused
27. A. appreciate B. realize C. confirm D. describe
28. A. of B. with C. in D. on
29. A. club B. sport C. job D. injury
30. A. interesting B. frightening C. challenging D. deserving
31. A. competitions B. vacations C. practices D. performances
32. A. enthusiastically B. patiently C. honestly D. violently
33. A. take away B. pick up C. break down D. sort out
34. A. first B. second C. third D. last
35. A. distance B. enemy C. air D. target
36. A. suffer from B. benefit from C. adapt to D. take to
37. A. busier B. clearer C. closer D. richer
38. A. suspected B. insisted C. concluded D. imagined
39. A. excuses B. responsibilities C. permissions D. motivations
40. A. care B. aim C. action D. defeat
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒), now officially___41.___(name) COVID-19, is a new illness and scientists are still studying the best ways to control it. Defeating COVID-19,___42.___, is not only the job of scientists and doctors. People have an important role to play in the battle. The best way to help prevent the virus spreading is by protecting___43.___(you) and staying healthy.
Scientists are now sure that COVID-19 is passed between people through coughing and sneezing. The virus,___44.___travels through the air, can be breathed in by people nearby. It may also land___45.___surfaces such as tables and chairs. If these surfaces___46.___(touch), the virus may be on your hands. Touching your eyes or mouth without washing hands can let the virus enter your body.
___47.___(protect) yourself and others, wear a mask at all times when out in public. This stops healthy people from breathing in COVID-19 and___48.___(take) the amount of the virus ill people send into the air. Most importantly, wash your hands carefully and frequently, especially when you are outside your home. COVID-19 is undoubtedly___49.___serious social problem, but if we all behave____50.____(responsible), it is one that we can overcome.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中非有10处错误，每句中最多有两处.错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分
Last December, I worked for a volunteer for two weeks at an art exhibition. I made full preparations for it before begin my voluntary work. I did carefully research on the life experiences of each artist or the detailed explanations of each artwork. On that day I meet a lot of interesting people there, including an old lady. She was used to be an art student, with who I discussed some artworks. I also saw some child at the exhibition, who seemed have lots of questions about the artworks. I gained much from this experience and will never forget them.第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你叫李华，是班上的英语课代表。

你班外教Peter因外出开会请你代他在班上发一个关于课后作业的英语通知，内容如下：
1.写一篇关于中国茶文化的短文；
2.同学间交换并修改错误；
3.作业上交时间。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考答案
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B
12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. B
21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. C 32.
A 33.
B 34. A 35. D 36. B 37.
C 38.
D 39. A 40. C
41. named
42. however
43. yourself
44. which 45. on
46. are touched
47. To protect
48. taking 49. a/one 50. responsibly
51.(1).for→as；
(2).begin→beginning；
(3).carefully→careful；
(4).or→and；
(5).meet→met；
(6).去掉was；
(7).who→whom；
(8).child→children；
(9).在seemed后加to；
(10).them→it
52.略。