【2019-2020】高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit4WildlifeProtection(含解析)新人教版必修2

【2019-2020】高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习
Unit4WildlifeProtection（含解析）新人教版必修2 Wildlife
protection
李仕才
【短文语法填空】
Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 1. (drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing, the introduction of bike­sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.
The bikes 2. (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 3. effective solution in places 4. it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike­sharing is a 5. (green) method of transportation and 6. (provide) a more friendly experience.
However, the programs have also led to problems such as 7. (legal) parking, deliberate(蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, (return) the bikes to stations 9. rewarding free time for their next rides.Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100­point credit score for each user, with 10. (point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了共享单车在国内的兴起和发展情况。

共享单车受到了大众的欢迎，但是也带来了很多问题。

为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也采取了一些措施。

1．driving解析：考查非谓语动词。

越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车到学校、工作场所或去观光。

根据空前的介词 of 可知，空处应用动词­ing形式，故用driving。

2．are equipped解析：考查动词的时态和语态。

这些自行车装配了GPS，可以被停在公共场合的任何地方留给下一个用户。

此处是客观性描述，且The bikes和equip之间是被动关系，故填are equipped。

3．an解析：考查冠词。

该处指“一种有效的解决方法”，表示泛指；effective的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。

4．where解析：考查定语从句。

它们受到许多人的欢迎，因为它们在难以从一种交通工具转变到另一种交通工具的地方提供了一种有效的解决办法。

分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，句中places 为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导该定语从句。

5．greener解析：考查形容词的比较级。

共享单车是一种更绿色的交通方式。

根据本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空应用比较级形式与之构成并列关系。

故填greener。

6．provides解析：考查主谓一致。

分析句子结构可知，主语是Bike­sharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空处应用动词provide 的单数形式，故填provides。

7．illegal解析：考查形容词。

根据语境可知，此处指非法停车。

故填illegal，意为“非法的”。

8．to return解析：考查非谓语动词。

encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。

故填to return。

9．by解析：考查介词。

为了解决这些问题，公司提出了一种想法，通过奖励人们下一次免费骑车的时间，鼓励他们将自行车送回车站。

根据语境可知，空处应用by表示方式。

10．points解析：考查名词复数。

摩拜公司为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，如有不良行为就减分。

point 在此处为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故填points。

一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用
1．核心词汇
①contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
②appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
③succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任
④hunt vt. & vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻
⑤inspect vt.检查；视察
⑥mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的
⑦affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
effect n．影响
⑧employ vt.雇用；利用时间、精力等 employee n．雇员，雇工
employer n．雇主
employment n．雇用；使用；就业
⑨harm n. & vt.损害；危害
harmful adj.有害的
harmless adj.无害的
⑩respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应 response n．回答；响应
2．常考词汇
①importance n．重要性
②attention n．注意；关注；注意力
③bite vt. & vi.叮；咬；刺痛
④decrease vi. & vt.减少；使变小或变少
⑤certain adj.确定的；某一；一定
⑥powerful adj.强大的；有力的
⑦secure adj.安全的；可靠的
⑧loss n．损失；遗失；丧失
lose v．损失
lost adj.消失的
⑨ending n．结局；结尾
end n. & v．结束
⑩distant adj.远的；远处的
distance n．远方
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Now, I appreciate全国卷Ⅰ)
2．So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to_secure (secure) success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.(2017·卷) 3．While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have_decreased (decrease)．(2017·江苏卷)
4．医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects全国卷Ⅰ)
5．Risktakers were better at hunting (hunt), fighting, or exploring.(2016·卷) 6．Whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief (relieve) from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
7．This certainly (certain) makes my own views clearer.(2016·江苏卷)
8．You should take a step back and identify(识别) those of greater and less importance(important)．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
9．If we know that gossip can be harmful (harm), then why do so many of us do it？(2016·浙江卷)
10．There are many powerful (power) people in their life and work.(2016·四川卷)
❶“雇用”家族
①employ vt.雇用；利用时间、精力等
②hire v. & n．租用，雇用
③engage v．雇用，聘请
④take on雇用，承担
⑤on hire雇用，出租
❷后缀ful构成的必备形容词
①beautiful漂亮的
②careful小心的，谨慎的
③doubtful怀疑的，疑惑的
④faithful守信的
⑤forgetful健忘的
⑥helpful有帮助的
⑦hopeful充满希望的
⑧skillful熟练的
⑨successful成功的
⑩wonderful精彩的
❸词形相近词对比记
①inspect vt.检查；视察
②aspect n．样子；外表；方面
③respect n. & vt.尊敬；敬重
④suspect vt.怀疑
⑤expect vt.预料；盼望；认为
❹“职场”高频动词集锦
①employ雇用
②appoint任命
③fire开除
④resign辞职
⑤interview面试
⑥retire退休
【完形填空】
Make Good Memories
My husband Bill's Grandma was in a nursing home when we moved back to Michigan.Grandma had been unable to walk for quite some time；now her eyesight was almost gone.
Over the years Grandma and I had __1__ many cards and letters.I knew how she enjoyed __2__ in touch with people.Grandma would have me write letters to go in the cards she would send.And she would always have me __3__ what I had written back to her.Grandma didn't have a problem with hearing then __4__ she was always telling me，“That is not __5__ how I said that！” I would then rewrite whatever I wrote in her exact words.
Since I had some __6__ time before Christmas，I asked Grandma if she would like to send __7__ some Christmas cards.Grandma readily __8__.I rounded up several different kinds of cards.I knew she had friends and family who all had different __9__.I would take each card and __10__ in detail the front of the card，then I would read the words inside.After __11__ it over Grandma would tell me who she thought would like __12__ card.
After a while I __13__ and I noticed that we had several nursing home __14__ standing in the doorway.I started to notice as I read each card，the __15__ on their faces and Grandma's face，too.Each one had a __16__ smile and a far­away look in their eyes，as they were seeing the scenes in their minds' eye.
I thought when I went over to do the Christmas __17__ I would be doing Grandma
a favor，but it __18__ that she did me a big favor.I'll always __19__ this special memory of bringing some Christmas joy and pleasant __20__ to Grandma and her fellow residents.
1．A.exchanged B．changed
C．traded D．switched
2．A.settling B．losing
C．staying D．getting
3．A.write B．discover
C．translate D．read
4．A.when B．because C．while D．though
5．A.carefully B．truthfully C．specially D．exactly 6．A.extra B．flying
C．essential D．valuable 7．A.for B．up
C．out D．away
8．A.acknowledged B．agreed
C．admitted D．rejected 9．A.addresses B．advantages C．occupations D．interests 10．A.describe
C．distinguish D．ignore 11．A.talking B．turning C．taking D．thinking 12．A.another B．each
C．one D．other
13．A.looked down B．looked over C．looked up D．looked through 14．A.immigrants B．visitors C．patients D．residents 15．A.attention B．look
C．glance D．sight
16．A.gentle B．rough
C．forced D．whispered 17．A.trees B．jobs
C．decorations D．cards
18．A.turned over B．turned out C．came over D．left out 19．A.treasure B．admire
C．encourage D．recognize 20．A.stories B．faces
C．memories D．letters
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

有一年，在圣诞节前夕，作者去帮助丈夫的奶奶做圣诞贺卡，但是在这一过程中作者却得到了莫大的帮助。

1．A 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“交换”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“交易”；D
项意为“转换”。

根据逻辑关系可判断出，这些年来，作者和丈夫的奶奶两人之间互相赠送卡片和信件，即交换了很多卡片和信件。

故选A。

2．C 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“解决”；B项意为“失去”；C项意为“保持”；D
项意为“得到”。

根据下文中丈夫的奶奶常给一些人赠送卡片可判断出，她喜欢和人们保持联系。

故选C。

3．D 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“写”；B项意为“发现”；C项意为“翻译”； D项意为“读”。

根据第一段最后一句中的“now her eyesight was almost gone”以及此空格后下一句的描述可判断出，丈夫的奶奶让作者读一下她让作者所写的那些话。

故选D。

4．B 考查连词辨析。

根据下文中的“That's not...how I said that！”可知，丈夫的奶奶的听力是没有问题的。

此处应用because引导这个原因状语从句。

故选B。

5．D 考查副词辨析。

A项意为“细心地”；B项意为“诚实地”；C项意为“专门地”；D项意为“精确地，准确地”。

根据语境可知，此处指丈夫的奶奶常说作者所写的跟她所说的并不完全一样。

故选D。

6．A 考查形容词辨析。

A项意为“额外的”；B项意为“飞行的”；C项意为“必要的”；D项意为“值钱的，宝贵的”。

由下文中的“I asked Grandma if she would like to send”可知，此处指在圣诞节前夕作者有些空闲时间。

故选A。

7．C 考查介词辨析。

四个选项皆可与空格前的“send”构成短语：send for意为“派人去叫”；send up意为“发射，使上升”；send out意为“分发，发送”； send away 意为“解雇”。

根据语境可知，此处指是否需要帮助丈夫的奶奶分发贺卡。

故选C。

8．B 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“承认”；B项意为“同意”；C项意为“承认”；D
项意为“拒绝”。

根据下文“I rounded up several different kinds of cards.”可判断出，丈夫的奶奶同意了作者的提议。

故选B。

9．D 考查名词辨析。

A项意为“地址”；B项意为“优势”；C项意为“职业”；D
项意为“兴趣”。

根据逻辑关系可判断出，丈夫的奶奶的那些朋友和亲人有不同的兴趣，所以给他们送贺卡时要根据他们的兴趣来送。

故选D。

10．A 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“描述”；B项意为“交流”；C项意为“区分”；D 项意为“忽视”。

语境表示，每拿起一张贺卡，作者就会向丈夫的奶奶详细描述贺卡封面上的内容。

故选A。

11．D 考查动词辨析。

四个选项皆可与后面的“over”构成短语：talk over意为“详细地商议”；turn over意为“使翻转”；take over意为“接管”；think over意为“仔
细考虑”。

根据常识可判断出，丈夫的奶奶应该是经过仔细考虑后告诉作者哪个人会喜欢哪一张贺卡。

故选D。

12．B 考查限定词辨析。

根据本段第五句中的“each card”可判断出，此处指哪个人会喜欢哪一张贺卡，此处应用each。

故选B。

13．C 考查动词短语辨析。

A项意为“向下看”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“抬头看”；D项意为“浏览”。

根据下文中的“I noticed that”可判断出，作者应该是抬头看到了门口的几个人。

故选C。

14．D 考查名词辨析。

A项意为“移民”；B项意为“参观者”；C项意为“病人”；D项意为“居民”。

根据语境可知，此处指作者看到了几位住在养老院的人站在门口。

故选D。

15．B 考查名词辨析。

A项意为“注意力”；B项意为“表情，神情”；C项意为“一瞥”；D项意为“视力”。

根据下一句中的“smile”和“a far­away look”可判断出，作者应该是看了看那些人脸上的神情。

故选B。

16．A 考查形容词辨析。

A项意为“温和的”；B项意为“粗糙的”；C项意为“被迫的”；D项意为“低语的”。

根据逻辑关系可判断出，每个人脸上都有很温和的笑容。

故选A。

17．D 考查名词辨析。

A项意为“树”；B项意为“工作”；C项意为“装饰”；D项意为“卡片”。

根据第三段第一句中的“some Christmas cards”可判断出，作者本想去帮助丈夫的奶奶做圣诞贺卡。

故选D。

18．B 考查动词短语辨析。

A项意为“使翻转”；B项意为“结果是”；C项意为“突然感到”；D项意为“不包括”。

根据语境可知，此处指结果却是丈夫的奶奶帮助了作者。

故选B。

19．A 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“珍视”；B项意为“钦佩”；C项意为“鼓励”；D 项意为“认出”。

语境表示，作者会一直珍视这种能给圣诞节带来快乐的特别回忆。

故选A。

20．C 考查名词辨析。

A项意为“故事”；B项意为“脸”；C项意为“记忆”，D项意为“信”。

根据上文中的“this special memory”及文章标题可知，此处指对丈夫的奶奶以及她那些朋友的美好回忆。

故选C。

二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋名词＋介词
①pay attention to注意
②do harm to对……有害
③protect...from保护……不受……(危害)
2．介词＋名词
①in peace和平地；和睦地；安详地
②in danger (of)在危险中；垂危
③in relief如释重负；松了口气
④without mercy毫不怜悯地
3．其他形式
①die out灭亡；逐渐消失
②according to按照；根据……所说
③so that以至于；结果；为了
④burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
⑤into being形成；产生
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Then lay the tube in place so_that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up－and out—the side of the hole.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) 2．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according_to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
3．California condors(兀鹰) attract researchers’ interest because they almost died_out in the 1980s.(2016·卷)
4．Though he was at the edge of the cliff, he did not sense he was in_danger.
5．We don’t exactly know when the universe came_into_being.
❶“动词＋out”短语荟萃
①hold out坚持下去
②set out出发，着手，摆放
③make out理解，看清楚
④出版，出来
⑤cut out删去，切断
⑥take out取出，去掉
❷“＋n.”短语一览
①开始执政
②开始生效，开始实行
③形成，产生，开始存在
④开始运转，实施，生效
⑤开始使用
⑥形成；产生
三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
【七选五】
You're growing up.That means you're probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And it's good!
Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling.
2 But it's partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings.
Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3
●Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress.
● 4 When you feel your moods swinging or you're upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer.
●Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，you'll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing.
A．Take a timeout.
B．But the truth is，it happens to every teen.
C．Work out regularly to keep physically fit.
D．This changing is needed for your body's development.
E．It will help you fall asleep—and start the morning right.
F．Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.
G．Usually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了青少年如何应对成长过程中的一些变化。

1．B [由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空处在这里起承上启下的作用，所以选B项。

]
2．D [由空前一句可知，荷尔蒙的水平一直在不断地改变，忽高忽低；D项中的“This changing”与空前的“change”相对应，所以选D项。

]
3．F [空前的“an emotional roller coaster”与F项中的“make the ride smoother”相对应，且由下文列举的几个要点可知，F项符合文意。

]
4．A [由本段中的“一些安静的时间将使你集中精神，安静下来”可知，A项正确。

]
5．E [空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”与E项中的“It”对应，空前的“when you wake up”与E项的“start the morning right”对应；空前的“when you go to bed”与E项的“fall asleep”对应。

所以选E项。

]
11 / 11。