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2010年南京大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2010年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：86.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：35，分数：70.00)1.Keats" major achievement, and one of the major achievements in English literature, is the sequence of 1that he wrote in his time.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Thomas Gray was the leader of the sentimental poetry, known as " 1".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Theodore Dreiser"s first novel is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Eugene O"Neill"s 1is a play that concerns the problem of Yank"s identity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5. 1of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby(1925).（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.The term " 1" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1defines the poet as " man speaking to men," and poetry as " the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in the U. S. is New England 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Walt Whitman is radically innovative in term of the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is " 1".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.In English literature, 1"s novels blend industrial and rural settings magnificently. He had written about the frustration of desires and there is obvious sexual application in his work.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Author 1Title 2 Virtues are, in the popular estimate, rather the exception than the rule. There is the man and his virtues. Men do what is called a good action, as some piece of courage or charity, much as they would pay a fine in expiation of daily non-appearance on parade.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Author 1Title It was a circumstance to be noted, on the summer morning when our story begins its course, that the women, of whom there were several in the crowd, appeared to take a peculiar interest in whatever penal infliction might be expected to ensue. The age had not so much refinement, that any sense of impropriety restrained the wearers of petticoat and farthingale from stepping forth into the public ways, and wedging their not unsubstantial persons, if occasion were, into the throng nearest to the scaffold at an execution.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Author 1Title 2 It is not probable that this monomania in him took its instant rise at the precise time of his bodily dismemberment. Then, in darting at the monster, knife in hand, he had but given loose to a sudden passionate, corporal animosity; and when he receive the stroke that tore him, he probably but felt the agonizing bodily laceration, but nothing more.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Author 1Title 2 What the hammer? What the chain? In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.Author 1Title 2 And on that cheek, and o"er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.Author 1Title 2 If only she hadn"t been that robust woman but a woman, in her middle years, with an incurable complaint of the heart. Then of course it wouldn"t have been terrible or even difficult to have made that decision that night, it wouldn"t even have been the source for ever afterwards of confusion, mystery and remorse.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Author 1Title 2 My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near, Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.Author 1Title 2 In the day time the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19.Author 1Title 2 But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted Down the green hill athwarta cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchanted As e"er beneath a waning moon was haunted By woman wailing for her demon-lover!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20.Author 1Title 2 Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________21.Author 1Title 2 " Every one asks me what I " think" of everything" said Spencer Brydon; " andI make answer as I can—begging or dodging the question, putting them off with any nonsense. It wouldn"t matter to any of them really, " he went on, " for, even were it possible to meet in that stand-and-deliver way so silly a demand on so big a subject, my " thoughts" would still be almost altogether about something that concerns only myself. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________22.Author 1Title 2 My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor"d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________23.Author 1Title 2 In fairness to Charles it must be said that he sent to find Sam before he left the White Lion. But the servant was not in the taproom or the stables. Charles guessed indeed where he was. He could not send there; and thus he left Lyme without seeing him again. He got into his four-wheeler in the yard, and promptly drew down the blinds.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________24.Author 1Title 2 I found Simon Wheeler dozing comfortably by the bar-room stove of the old, dilapidated tavern in the ancient mining camp of Angel"s, and I noticed that he was fat and bald-headed, and had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon his tranquil countenance. He roused up and gave me good-day.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________25.Author 1Title 2 Yossarian let his eyes fall closed and hoped they would think he was unconscious. "He"s fainted," he heard a doctor say. "Can"t we treat him now before it"s too late? He really might die. " "All right, take him. I hope the bastard does die. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________26.Author 1Title 2 I can give you that historical bird"s eye view. But I cannot explain the mystery of Leonard Side"s inheritance. Most of us know the parents or grandparents we come from. But we go back and back, forever; we go back all of us to the very beginning; in our blood and bone and brain we carry the memories of thousands of beings.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________27.Author 1Title 2 The store in which the Justice of the Peace"s court was sitting smelled of cheese. The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind...（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________28.Author 1Title 2 My mother danced all night and Roberta"s was sick. That"s why we were taken to St. Bonny"s. People want to put their arms around you when you tell them you were in a shelter, but it really wasn"t bad. No big long room with one hundred beds like Bellevue.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________29.Author 1Title 2 He had rolled a handkerchief round his head, and his face was set and lowering in his sleep. But he was asleep, and quietly too, though he had a pistol lying on the pillow. Assured of this, I softly removed the key to the outside of this door, and turned it on him before I again sat down by the fire. Gradually I slipped from the chair and lay on the floor . When I awoke, without having parted in my sleep with the perception of my wretchedness, the clocks of the Eastward churches were striking five, the candles were wasted out, the fire was dead, and the wind and rain intensified the thick black darkness.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________30.Author 1Title 2 He felt that his luck was better than usual today. When he had reported for work that morning he had expected to be shut up in the relief office at a clerk"s job, for he had been hired downtown as a clerk, and he was glad to have, instead, the freedom of the streets and welcomed, at least at first, the vigor of the cold and even the blowing of the hard wind. But on the other hand he was not getting on with the distribution of the checks.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________31.Author 1Title 2 Three men were at work on the roof, where the leads got so hot they had the idea of throwing water on to cool them. But the water steamed, then sizzled; and they make jokes about getting an egg from some woman in the flats under the flats under them, to poach it for their dinner.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________32.Author 1Title 2 The three women sat in the little room, imagined not remembered. Veronica detected in her mother"s cream-coloured dress just a touch of awkwardness, her grandmother"s ineptness at a trade for which she was not wholly suited, a shoulder out of true, a cuff awry, as so many buttons and cuffs and waistbands had been during the making-do in the time of austerity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________33.Author 1Title 2 Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants, but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away,and almost all fugitives are of that condition.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________34.Author 1Title 2 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________35.Author 1Title 2 Spite, spite, is the word of your undoing! And when you"re down and out, remember what did it. When you"re rotting somewhere beside the railroad tracks, remember, and don"t you dare blame it on me!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、问答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)36.Briefly state the main ideas of Benjamin Franklin"s The Autobiography and give your comments on them.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 37.What are the qualities that Granny Weatherall has? In what way do such qualities help her live successfully?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 38.What does "the green light" symbolize in The Great Gatsby? Does it exist in reality? Explain your answer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 39.What does T. S. Eliot"s idea of "an objective of correlative" mean to you?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 40.What does Virginia Woolf use to present the life of the titled character in her Mrs. Dalloway?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 41.What do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe? Discuss briefly some of his traits.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、评论题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)pare Grief with Tears, Idle Tears, commenting particularly on the treatment of their themes.(30 points)1. GriefBy Elizabeth Barrett BrowningI tell you hopeless grief is passionless;That only men incredulous of despair,Half-taught in anguish, through the midnight airBeat upward to God"s throne in loud accessOf shrieking and reproach. Full desertnessIn souls, as countries, lieth silent-bareUnder the blanching, vertical eye-glareOf the absolute heavens. Deep-hearted man, expressGrief for thy dead in silence like to death:Most like a monumental statue setIn everlasting watch and moveless woeTill itself crumble to the dust beneath.Touch it; the marble eyelids are not wet—If it could weep, it could arise and go.2. Tears, Idle TearsBy Alfred, Lord TennysonTears, idle tears. I know not what they mean,Tears from the depth of some divine despairRise in the heart and gather to the eyes.In looking on the happy Autumn-fields.And thinking of the days that are no more.Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail.That brings our friends up from the underworld,Sad as the last which reddens over oneThat sinks with all we love below the verge;So sad, so fresh, the days that are no more.Ah, sad and strange as in dark summer dawnsThe earliest pipe of half-awakened birdsTo dying ears, when unto dying eyesThe casement slowly grows a glimmering square;So sad, so strange, the days that are no more.Dear as remembered kisses after death, And sweet as those by hopeless fancy feignedOn lips that are for others; deep as love, Deep as first love, and wild with all regret; O Death in Life, the days that are no more!（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 作文43.Write a critical essay on the following topic.(30 points)Modernism is a reaction against realism. Discuss the features of modernism and illustrate your point with examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

南京大学英语专业考研真题

南京大学英语专业考研真题(2008-12-05 12:12:47)标签：杂谈南京大学英语专业考研真题Part A Vocabulary and Reading (50/150)Read the passage below and then complete the tasks that follow:Language and Cultural IdentityC. Kramschpara.1 It is widely believed that there is a natural connection between the language spoken by members of a social group and that group's identity. By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community. From this membership, they draw personal strength and pride, as well as a sense of social importance and historical continuity from using the same language as the group they belong to.para.2 But how to define which group one belongs to? In isolated, homogeneous communities like the Trobrianders studied by Malinowski, one may still define group membership according to common cultural practices and daily face-to-face interactions, but in modem, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members.para.3 Take ethnicity for example. In their 1982 survey conducted among the highly mixed population of Belize (formerly British Honduras), Le Page and Tabouret-Keller found out that different people ascribed themselves to different ethnicities as either 'Spanish', 'Creole', 'Maya' or 'Belizean', according to which ethnic criterion they focused on — physical features (hair and skin), general appearance, genetic descent, provenance, or nationality. Rarely was language used as an ethnically defining criterion. Interestingly, it was only under the threat of a Guatemalan takeover as soon as British rule would cease, that the sense of a Belizean national identity slowly started emerging from among the multiple ethnic ascriptions that people still give themselves to this day.para.4 Group identity based on race would seem easier to define, and yet there are almost as many genetic differences, say, between members of the same White, or Black race as there are between the classically described human races, not to speak of the difficulty in some cases of ascertaining with 100 percent exactitude a person's racial lineage. For example, in 1983 the South African Government changed the racial classification of 690 people: two-thirds of these, who had been Coloreds, became Whites, 71 who had been Blacks became Coloreds, and 11 Whites were redistributed among other racial groups! And, of course, there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of languagepara.5 Regional identity is equally contestable. As reported in the London Times of February 1984, when a Soviet book, Populations of the World, claimed that the population of France consisted of 'French, Alsatians, Flemings, Bretons, Basques, Catalans, Corsicans, Jews, Armenians, Gypsies and "others'", Georges Marchais, the French Communist leader, violently disagreed: 'For us', he said, 'every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history....'para.6 One would think that national identity is a clear-cut either/or affair (either you are or you are not a citizen), but it is one thing, for example, to have a Turkish passport, another thing to ascribe to yourself a Turkish national identity if you were born, raised and educated, say, in Germany, are native speaker of German, and happen to have Turkish parents.para.7 Despite the entrenched belief in the one language = one culture equation, individuals assume several collective identities that are likely not only to change over time in dialogue with others, but are liable to be in conflict with one another. For example, an immigrant's sense of self that was linked in his country of origin perhaps to his social class, his political views, or his economic status becomes, in the new country, overwhelmingly linked to his national citizenship or his religion, for this is the identity that is imposed on him by others, who see in him now, for example, only a Turk or a Muslim. His own sense of self, or cultural identity, changes accordingly. Out of nostalgia for the 'old country', he may tend to become more Turkish than the Turks and entertain what Benedict Anderson has called 'long distance nationalism'. The Turkish he speaks may become with the passion of years somewhat different from the Turkish spoken today in the streets of Ankara; the community he used to belong to is now more an 'imagined community' than the actual present-day Turkey.para. 8 The problem lies in equating the racial, ethnic, national identity imposed on an individual by the state's bureaucratic system, and that individual's self-ascription. Group identity is not a national fact, but a cultural perception, to use the metaphor with which we started this book. Our perception of someone's social identity is very much culturally determined. What we perceived about a person's culture and language is what we have been conditioned by our own culture to see, and the stereotypical models already built around our own. Group identity is a question of focusing and diffusion of ethnic, racial national concepts or stereotypes. Let us take an example,para. 9 Le Page and Tabouret-Keller recount the case of a man in Singapore who claimed that he would never have any difficulty in telling the difference between an Indian and a Chinese. But how would he instantly know that the dark-skinned non-Malay person he saw on the street was an Indian (and not, say a Pakistani), and that light-skinned non-European was a Chinese (and not, say, a Korean), unless he differentiated the two according to the official Singaporean 'ethnic' categories: Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others? In another context with different racial classifications he might have interpreted: differently the visual clues presented to him by people on the street. His impression was focused by the classificatory concepts prevalent in his society, a behavior that Benjamin Whorf would have predicted. In turn this focus may prompt him, by a phenomenon of diffusion, to identify all other 'Chinese' along the same ethnic categories, according to the stereotype 'All Chinese look alike to me'.para.10 It has to be noted that societies impose racial and ethnic categories only on certain groups: Whites do not generally identify themselves by the color of their skin, but by their provenance or nationality. They would find it ludicrous to draw their sense of cultural identity from their membership in the White race. Hence the rather startled reaction of two Danish women in the United States to a young African-American boy, who, overhearing their conversation in Danish, asked them 'What's your culture?' Seeing how perplexed they were, he explained with a smile 'See, I'm Black. That's my culture. What's yours?' Laughingly they answered that they spoke Danish and came from Denmark. Interestingly, the boy did not use language as a criterion of group identity, but the Danish did.para.11 European identities have traditionally been built much more around language and national citizenship, and around folk models of 'one nation = one language', than around ethnicity or race. But even in Europe, the matter is not so simple. For example, Alsatians who speak German, French and Germanic Piatt mayalternatively consider themselves as primarily Alsatians, or French, or German, depending on how they position themselves vis-à-vis the history of their region and their family biography. A youngster born and raised in France of Algerian parents may, even though he speaks only French, call himself Algerian in France, but when abroad he might prefer to be seen as French, depending on which group he wishes to be identified with at the time.para.12 Examples from other parts of the world show how complex thelanguage-cultural identity relationship really is. The Chinese, for example, identify themselves ethnically as Chinese even though they speak languages or dialects which are mutually unintelligible. Despite the fact that a large number of Chinese don't know how to read and write, it is the Chinese character-writing system and the art of calligraphy that are the major factors of an overall Chinese group identity.Task 1: For each of the following items, study the reading passage and choose A, B or C that best completes the statement (30/150):(1) In the sentence "By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community," the phrase "discourse community" means:A) communal group B) cultural group C) discourse group(2) When the author states: "[The modern, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members," he implies that an open society is:A) a society of many peopleB) a society of diverse discoursesC) a society of multi-ethnic structure(3) "[T]he sense of a Belizean national identity" means a sense ofA) language B) belonging C) history(4) When the author declares that "there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of language," he thinks that the relationship between a language and a culture isA) complex B) fixed C) uncertain(5) Georges Marchais said, "every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history...." He probably regarded "'French" asA) a historical symbol of a stateB) a primary token of a national identityC) a product of a long historyTask 2: The following are definitions of the words contained in the above reading passage. Find these words in the paragraphs as marked in the parentheses (20/150):略海天海天教育海天考研Part B Proofreading (30/150)EXAMPLEWhen ∧ museum wants a new exhibit, (1) __a__it never buys things in finished form and hangs them (2) _neveron the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitPart C Translation (40/150)Translate the following passage into Chinese: (20/150)Folktales played a very important role in the social and cultural life of the Plains Indians. Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire, especially on wintry nights, to hear the tales of the storyteller. The talents of a good storyteller and the novelty of the tale had the power to figuratively transport hard working Indians to another world.Even today, American Indians believe in the enormous power of the spoken word. As in the past, the imaginative storyteller, typically an old man or an old woman, builds up a reputation as a performer. They enhance their stories by adding gestures, voice changes and songs. He or she might occasionally adapt a particular tale to suit a specific cultural group or tribe. For example, there are usually many different versions of every good tale. Therefore, whenever a story is retold it is likely to be varied, but only within the limits of the tradition established for that particular tale. The storyteller is always mindful of his own, as well as the cultural background of the listener.Translate the following passage into English: (20/150)略Part D Writing (30/150)The following is excerpted from a letter that appeared in the Letter-to-the-Editor column of China Daily: (30/150)Editor:I just graduated from university with a BA in English, but looking back at my university education, I have to say that I have wasted four years of my life. When I entered the university four years ago, I had the highest English score in the city where I grew up. However, on a job interview a few days ago, the personnel manager of a joint venture company said my English was not good enough.It is my university that is to blame. I have never found my classes helpful; they often repeat what I learned in high school. What's more, the teachers often mispronounce words and use ungrammatical sentences or simply use Chinese throughout the class. Some of them often arrive in class unprepared. They have no interest in us or in teaching; they are probably only interested in making money and publishing their papers.In comparison, my high school teachers were committed They had been well trained and were very strict with us. They gave me more help than those university professors. Even today, if I write an English essay, most of the words and sentence patterns I use would be those I learned during my high school years.All in all, I do not think our government should fund a university undergraduate English program if most of the students are not satisfied. If it is a waste of time for us, it must be a waste of resources for our country.Zhu Fan, Nanjing海天海天教育海天考研This controversial letter has generated a lot of discussion in China Daily, and you would like to join the discussion, too. Complete the following tasks on your answer sheets:(1) (4 / 150) Suppose you are going to write a letter for the Letter-to-the-Editor column of China Daily to express your agreement or disagreement with Zhu Fan, and the letter is about 400 words long. In the introductory paragraph (the first paragraph), you will begin with a sentence that introduces the topic. Write down the sentence that begins this paragraph.(2) (5 /150) Write down the last sentence of the introductory paragraph, that is, the thesis statement that expresses your main idea.(3) (4 x 2/ 150) Suppose you have two body paragraphs that support the thesis statement. Write down the topic sentence for each of them. You may begin it with "First,..." or "Second,...."(4) (4 x 2/150) For each topic sentence you write in (3), give one concrete example that illustrates the point you make in the topic sentence. Each example should not exceed two sentences. (There will be a penalty for using more than two sentences for an example.)(5 / 150) Based on what you write down in (2), (3) and (4), write a conclusion paragraph that contains two or three sentences. (There will be a penalty for using more than three sentences.)Part A Vocabulary and Reading (50/150)Read the passage below and then complete the tasks that follow:Language and Cultural IdentityC. Kramschpara.1It is widely believed that there is a natural connection between the language spoken by members of a social group and that group's identity. By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community. From this membership, they draw personal strength and pride, as well as a sense of social importance and historical continuity from using the same language as the group they belong to.para.2 But how to define which group one belongs to? In isolated, homogeneous communities like the Trobrianders studied by Malinowski, one may still define group membership according to common cultural practices and daily face-to-face interactions, but in modem, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members.para.3 Take ethnicity for example. In their 1982 survey conducted among the highly mixed population of Belize (formerly British Honduras), Le Page and Tabouret-Keller found out that different people ascribed themselves to different ethnicities as either 'Spanish', 'Creole', 'Maya' or 'Belizean', according to which ethnic criterion they focused on — physical features (hair and skin), general appearance, genetic descent, provenance, or nationality. Rarely was language used as an ethnically defining criterion. Interestingly, it was only under the threat of a Guatemalan takeover as soon as British rule would cease, that the sense of a Belizean national identity slowly started emerging from among the multiple ethnic ascriptions that people still give themselves to this day.para.4 Group identity based on race would seem easier to define, and yet there are almost as many genetic differences, say, between members of the same White, or Black race as there are between the classically described human races, not to speak of the difficulty in some cases of ascertaining with 100 percent exactitude a person's racial lineage. For example, in 1983 the South African Government changed the racial classification of 690 people: two-thirds of these, who had been Coloreds, became Whites, 71 who had been Blacks became Coloreds, and 11 Whites were redistributed among otherracial groups! And, of course, there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of languagepara.5Regional identity is equally contestable. As reported in the London Times of February 1984, when a Soviet book, Populations of the World, claimed that the population of France consisted of 'French, Alsatians, Flemings, Bretons, Basques, Catalans, Corsicans, Jews, Armenians, Gypsies and "others'", Georges Marchais, the French Communist leader, violently disagreed: 'For us', he said, 'every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history....'para.6 One would think that national identity is a clear-cut either/or affair (either you are or you are not a citizen), but it is one thing, for example, to have a Turkish passport, another thing to ascribe to yourself a Turkish national identity if you were born, raised and educated, say, in Germany, are native speaker of German, and happen to have Turkish parents.para.7 Despite the entrenched belief in the one language = one culture equation, individuals assume several collective identities that are likely not only to change over time in dialogue with others, but are liable to be in conflict with one another. For example, an immigrant's sense of self that was linked in his country of origin perhaps to his social class, his political views, or his economic status becomes, in the new country, overwhelmingly linked to his national citizenship or his religion, for this is the identity that is imposed on him by others, who see in him now, for example, only a Turk or a Muslim. His own sense of self, or cultural identity, changes accordingly. Out of nostalgia for the 'old country', he may tend to become more Turkish than the Turks and entertain what Benedict Anderson has called 'long distance nationalism'. The Turkish he speaks may become with the passion of years somewhat different from the Turkish spoken today in the streets of Ankara; the community he used to belong to is now more an 'imagined community' than the actual present-day Turkey.para. 8 The problem lies in equating the racial, ethnic, national identity imposed on an individual by the state's bureaucratic system, and that individual'sself-ascription. Group identity is not a national fact, but a cultural perception, to use the metaphor with which we started this book. Our perception of someone's social identity is very much culturally determined. What we perceived about a person's culture and language is what we have been conditioned by our own culture to see, and the stereotypical models already built around our own. Group identity is a question of focusing and diffusion of ethnic, racial national concepts or stereotypes. Let us take an example,para. 9 Le Page and Tabouret-Keller recount the case of a man in Singapore who claimed that he would never have any difficulty in telling the difference between an Indian and a Chinese. But how would he instantly know that the dark-skinned non-Malay person he saw on the street was an Indian (and not, say a Pakistani), and that light-skinnednon-European was a Chinese (and not, say, a Korean), unless he differentiated the two according to the official Singaporean 'ethnic' categories: Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others? In another context with different racial classifications he might have interpreted: differently the visual clues presented to him by people on the street. His impression was focused by the classificatory concepts prevalent in his society, a behavior that Benjamin Whorf would have predicted. In turn this focus may prompt him, by a phenomenon of diffusion, to identify all other 'Chinese' along the same ethnic categories, according to the stereotype 'All Chinese look alike to me'.para.10 It has to be noted that societies impose racial and ethnic categories only on certain groups: Whites do not generally identify themselves by the color of their skin, but by their provenance or nationality. They would find it ludicrous to draw their sense of cultural identity from their membership in the White race. Hence the rather startled reaction of two Danish women in the United States to a young African-American boy, who, overhearing their conversation in Danish, asked them 'What's your culture?' Seeing how perplexed they were, he explained with a smile 'See, I'm Black. That's my culture. What's yours?' Laughingly they answered that they spoke Danish and came from Denmark. Interestingly, the boy did not use language as a criterion of group identity, but the Danish did.para.11 European identities have traditionally been built much more around language and national citizenship, and around folk models of 'one nation = one language', than around ethnicity or race. But even in Europe, the matter is not so simple. For example, Alsatians who speak German, French and Germanic Piatt may alternatively consider themselves as primarily Alsatians, or French, or German, depending on how they position themselves vis-à-vis the history of their region and their family biography. A youngster born and raised in France of Algerian parents may, even though he speaks only French, call himself Algerian in France, but when abroad he might prefer to be seen as French, depending on which group he wishes to be identified with at the time.para.12 Examples from other parts of the world show how complex the language-cultural identity relationship really is. The Chinese, for example, identify themselves ethnically as Chinese even though they speak languages or dialects which are mutually unintelligible. Despite the fact that a large number of Chinese don't know how to read and write, it is the Chinese character-writing system and the art of calligraphy that are the major factors of an overall Chinese group identity.Task 1: For each of the following items, study the reading passage and choose A, B or C that best completes the statement (30/150):(1)In the sentence "By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community," the phrase "discourse community" means:A) communal group B) cultural group C) discourse group(2)When the author states: "[The modern, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members," he implies that an open society is:A)a society of many peopleB)a society of diverse discoursesC)a society of multi-ethnic structure(3)"[T]he sense of a Belizean national identity" means a sense ofA) languageB) belongingC) history(4)When the author declares that "there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of language," he thinks that the relationship between a language and a culture isA) complexB) fixedC) uncertain(5)Georges Marchais said, "every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history...." He probably regarded "'French" asA)a historical symbol of a stateB)a primary token of a national identityC)a product of a long historyTask 2: The following are definitions of the words contained in the above reading passage. Find these words in the paragraphs as marked in the parentheses (20/150):略Part B Proofreading (30/150)EXAMPLEWhen ∧ museum wants a new exhibit,(1) __a__it never buys things in finished form and hangs them (2) _neveron the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.(3) exhibit.pb{}.pb textarea{font-size:14px; margin:10px; font-family:"宋体";background:#FFFFEE; color:#000066}.pb_t{line-height:30px; font-size:14px; color:#000; text-align:center;}/*分页*/.pagebox{overflow:hidden; zoom:1; font-size:12px;font-family:"宋体",sans-serif;}.pagebox span{float:left; margin-right:2px; overflow:hidden; text-align:center; background:#fff;}.pagebox span a{display:block; overflow:hidden; zoom:1; _float:left;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre_nolink{border:1px#ddd solid; width:53px; height:21px; line-height:21px; text-align:center; color:#999; cursor:default;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre{color:#3568b9; height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a,.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a:visited,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a:visited{border:1px #9aafe5 solid; color:#3568b9;text-decoration:none; text-align:center; width:53px; cursor:pointer; height:21px; line-height:21px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_prea:active,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_nexta:active{color:#363636; border:1px #2e6ab1 solid;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num_nonce{padding:0 8px; height:23px; line-height:23px; color:#fff; cursor:default; background:#296cb3; font-weight:bold;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num{color:#3568b9; height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_num a,.pagebox span.pagebox_num a:visited{border:1px #9aafe5 solid; color:#3568b9;text-decoration:none; padding:0 8px; cursor:pointer; height:21px;line-height:21px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_num a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_numa:active{border:1px #2e6ab1 solid;color:#363636;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num_ellipsis{color:#393733; width:22px; background:none;line-height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_next_nolink{border:1px #ddd solid; width:53px; height:21px; line-height:21px; text-align:center; color:#999; cursor:default;}Part C Translation (40/150)Translate the following passage into Chinese: (20/150)Folktales played a very important role in the social and cultural life of the Plains Indians. Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire, especially on wintry nights, to hear the tales of the storyteller. The talents of a good storyteller and the novelty of the tale had the power to figuratively transport hard working Indians to another world.Even today, American Indians believe in the enormous power of the spoken word. As in the past, the imaginative storyteller, typically an old man or an old woman, builds up a reputation as a performer. They enhance their stories by adding gestures, voice changes and songs. He or she might occasionally adapt a particular tale to suit a specific cultural group or tribe. For example, there are usually many different versions of every good tale. Therefore, whenever a story is retold it is likely to be varied, but only within the limits of the tradition established for that particular tale. The storyteller is always mindful of his own, as well as the cultural background of the listener.Translate the following passage into English: (20/150)略。

南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2013年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2012年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2009年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2007年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2003年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2002年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2001年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2000年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）第一题，术语区分题。

四组术语，24分。

1.phoneme vs. allophone2.homonymy vs. homophony3.illocutionary act vs. perlocutionary actnguage switch vs. L1 transfer第二题，选择题，考察的都是基础知识，10小题，共30分。

第三题，分析题。

给出几个句子，要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s；然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式（common pattern）。

第四题，分析题，考察的知识点是歧义（ambiguity）。

给出两句话，要求先回答这两句话有无歧义，并写出每句话的不同理解，再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。

1.The children play near the bank.2. The professor said on Monday that he would give an exam.显然，第一句话中的bank涉及lexical ambiguity, 而第二句话中的on Monday既可修饰said，又可修饰would give an exam，属于grammatical/structural ambiguity。

第五题，分析题，考察隐喻。

[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、区分题1 Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.(20/150)homonymy vs. polysemy2 entailment vs. presupposition3 surface structure vs. deep structure4 endophoric reference vs. exophoric reference二、单项选择题5 For each group of items in the following, point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.（A）expensive（B）repeat（C）spring（D）conspiracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"]（A）considerate（B）tonicity（C）pointless（D）inconsistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]（A）numbers（B）classrooms（C）islands（D）laptops[Focus on the pronunciation of "s"] （A）competent（B）principal（C）individual（D）animate[Focus on the location of the stress]（A）/f/（B）/p/（C）/d/（D）/g/[Focus on the classification of consonants] （A）provide（B）supply（C）offer（D）accuse[Focus on transitivity]（A）receive（B）enable（C）revolutionary（D）proceed[Focus on the type of morphemes]（A）aboard（B）beyond（C）beneath（D）without[Focus on word types]（A）parent/child（B）teacher/student（C）tree/forest（D）buyer/seller[Focus on the type of semantic relation]（A）locutionary act（B）illocutionary act（C）perlocutionary act（D）elocutionary act[Focus on Austin's trichotomy of speech act theory] （A）Quality Maxim（B）Method Maxim（C）Quantity Maxim（D）Relation Maxim[Focus on Grice's Cooperative Principle]（A）Content of discourse（B）Mode of discourse（C）Tenor of discourse（D）Field of discourse[Focus on Halliday's Register Theory]三、分析题17 Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of the following.(12/150)inconsistency(4/150)18 The scholar also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral.(8/150)19 What is metaphor? How does cognitive linguistics interpret it differently from traditional rhetoric? Use a few examples to illustrate how the farmer contributes to our understanding of language.(20/150)20 What do Brown and Levinson(1987)mean by "positive face" and "negative face"? Study the following utterances and decide which type of face is being attended to in each utterance. Support each of your decisions with a brief explanation.(20/150)(1)Come here, Johnny.(2)Passengers please refrain from smoking.(3)I just want to ask you if I can use your bike.(4)You must be tired after the long flight. Shall we talk about the contract tomorrow?21 Academic writing is supposed to be formal in style. However, colloquialisms of various kinds abound in Chinese learners' theses. Study the following excerpt from a postgraduate student's B. A. thesis. Point out those linguistic forms that are too colloquial to be appropriate. What might be the major causes for the use of the inappropriate language style? What advice do you have for teachers of English?(22/150)Presidents' inaugural address is an art that maybe includes all the skills of public speaking. How do American Presidents make their addresses attractive and persuasive? Do they have some skills or secrets of success on public speaking? Yes, I think so. I think many people who have great talent in public speaking make concerted effort to construct such a perfect text. That is to say, they check wording and phrasing, use all kinds of figures of speech as long as they need. So inaugural addresses show their especial charm to appeal to millions of fellow citizens.In this research, I'll try to prove that rhetoric techniques are frequently used in the speeches and play indispensable roles in making a good inaugural address. But it's obviously a "mission impossible" to study the whole family of rhetoric techniques ininaugural addresses. So I'll only choose one important and active member in the rhetoric family—metaphor, because it's used most frequently in presidents' inaugural addresses, and I'll use three American presidents' inaugural addresses as my samples.I hope that through my research I can find out the usage of metaphors in those addresses, and what effects they make respectively on the theme the addressers want to deliver. And I also hope that the comparison and contrast among the three different speeches will give us some clues about the change of American's political, economic, municipal, and diplomatic tactics in different periods.22 What is euphemism? Define it briefly in your own words. Then, study the following euphemistic expressions carefully and write out their non-euphemistic equivalents in the thirdcolumn.(16/150)23 The following statements are some items listed in a questionnaire designed to investigate Chinese high school students' motivation in learning English. Read these statements and fulfill three tasks: 1)provide your definition of motivation in language learning; 2)categorize the statements in relation to different types of motivation; and3)based on your definition of motivation, add at least TWO more items to the questionnaire(You can write the items in Chinese).(16/150)1．我学英语是因为英语是必修课。

南昌大学文学考研十年真题

南昌大学人文学院外国文学与比较文学2004年真题外国文学一．名词解释（共40分）1．雅歌2．欧力彼得斯3．含泪的微笑4．象征主义**5．迷惘的一代二，问答题（80分）1.中世纪欧洲骑士文学主要有那些题材和内容？对后世文学产生了什么影响？2.莎士比亚喜剧具有哪些基本特征？3.为什么说《新爱洛伊丝》对浪漫主义文学产生了很大的影响？4.契诃夫名剧《樱桃园》在戏剧艺术上有哪些重要的革新？有何象征意蕴？三，论述题（30分）分析论述乔伊斯《尤利西斯》中的三个主要人物形象、人物关系及其深层意蕴？04文学理论一，解释下列文学艺术术语（共30分）1.文学本体论2.意境3.叙事学4.期待视野5.文学典型二，问答题（共120分）1.西方文论史上关于文学与世界的关系主要有哪两种对立的观点？情对他们的观点作简要评价？2.如何理解艺术概括的“个别”与“一般”相统一的规律？3.文学作品主要有哪三种类型？它们的基本特征是什么？在历史的发展中它们又有哪些典型形态？4.文学接受过程中为什么会产生变异？5.为什么说文学是一种审美的意识形态？它是如何体现出来的？南昌大学人文学院外国文学与比较文学2005年真题外国文学一、名词解释40分1．三一律2．《少年维特之烦恼》3．七星诗社4．现代主义文学5．冰山原则二，问答题（80分）1．《埃涅阿斯纪》对《荷马史诗》有哪些借鉴？其独创性又表现在何处？2．试述《十日谈》的主要艺术成就极其在文学史上的地位.?3.为什么说冉阿让的形象艺术的体现了雨果的人道主义思想？4.福克纳在《喧哗与骚动》中是怎样运用意识流和多视角叙述手法的？达到了怎样的艺术效果？三．论述题（30）试述你对聂赫留多夫与玛丝洛娃“复活”的理解和评价。

05文学理论一．名词解释（40分）1，文学理论2，视角3，期待视野4，陌生化5，文学本体论一，简答题（60分）1，情节与事件之间是什么关系？2，如何理解文学意境？其特征是什么？3，如何理解“艺术真实”？4，试述叙事理论的发展及其传统与现代叙事理论关注重心的变化？二，分析论述（50分）1，分析巴尔扎克的《高老头》、雨果的《巴黎圣母院》和卡夫卡的《变形记》分别代表的文学类型及其特征与区别？2，运用文学典型理论分析《飘》中主人公郝思嘉形象所体现的艺术魅力。

[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、填空题1 Author______ Title______Ten Thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.2 Author______ Title______It was now midnight, and my task was drawing to a close. I had completed the eighth, the ninth and the tenth tier. I had finished a portion of the last and the eleventh; there remained but a single stone to be fitted and plastered in.3 Author______ Title______Roger edged past the Chief, only just avoiding pushing him with his shoulder. The yelling ceased, and Samneric lay looking up in quiet terror. Roger advanced upon them as one wielding a nameless authority.4 Author______ Title______I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence;Tow roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.5 Author______ Title______The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.6 Author______ Title______Uncle Oscar took both Bassett and Paul into Richmond Park for an afternoon, and there they talked.7 Author______ Title______He decided to rest her in a clump of trees during the afternoon, and push onward under cover of darkness. At dusk Clare purchased food as usual, and their night march began, the boundary between Upper and Mid-Wessex being crossed about eight o' clock.8 Author______ Title______What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman, for I walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headache self-conscious looking at the full moon.9 Author______ Title______I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.10 Author______ Title______And though your graciousness might stream,And I contrive,Grandmother, stones are nothing of homeTo that spumiest dove.Against both bar and tower the black sea runs.二、问答题11 What does "Araby" mean? Discuss its significance as the tide of the story.12 What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger in William Blake' s "The Tyger" ?13 Emerson states; "Let a man then know his worth, and keep things under his feet. " This indicates the author' s belief in real virtue. Please make comments on this line.14 Why did F. Scott Fitzgerald use "great" to modify the protagonist' s name Gatsby in the title of his novel The Great Gatsby?14 Moon LandingIt' s natural the Boys should whoop it up forso huge a phallic triumph, an adventureit would not have occurred to womento think worth while, made possible onlybecause we like huddling in gangs and knowingthe exact time: yes, our sex may in fairnesshurrah the deed, although the motivesthat primed it were somewhat less than menschlich.A grand gesture. But what does it period?What does it osse? We were always adroiterwith objects than lives, and more facileat courage than kindness; from the momentthe first flint was flaked this landing was merelya matter of time. But our selves, like Adam' s,still don' t fit us exactly, modernonly in this—Our lack of decorum.Homer' s heroes were certainly no braverthan our Trio, but more fortunate: Hectorwas excused the insult of havinghis valor covered by television.Worth going to see? I can well believe it.Worth seeing? Mneh! I once rode through a desertand was not charmed: give me a wateredlively garden, remote from blatherersabout the New, the von Brauns and their ilk, whereon August mornings I can count the morningglories where to die has a meaning,and no engine can shift my perspective.Unsmudged, thank God, my Moon still queens the Heavensas She ebbs and fulls, a Presence to glop at,Her Old Man, made of grit not protein,still visits my Austrian severalwith His old detachment, and the old warningsstill have power to scare me: Hybris comes toan ugly finish, Irreverenceis a greater oaf than Superstition.Our apparatniks will continue makingthe usual squalid mess called History:all we can pray for is that artists,chefs and saints may still appear to blithe it.(1969)15 What does the speaker mean in lines 1 -4? Do you agree with these sentiments?(4%)16 Besides being a satellite or a celestial body, what else does the moon suggest?(2%)17 What does the speaker think of science and technology? Does his opinion conform to or conflict with your ideas about the American space program?(4%)18 In the poem, the poet questions the wisdom of the 1969 moon landing. Write a short essay in which you discuss whether the United States should or should not continue space exploration.(10%)三、评论题19 Essay Question.(50 %)Bildunsroman refers to "novel of formation" or "novel of education". The subject of Bildunsroman, according to M. H. Abrams, is "the development of the protagonist' s mind and character, in the passage from childhood through varied experiences—and often through a spiritual crisis—into maturity, which usually involves recognition of one' s identity and role in the world". Choose a typical Bildunsroman you have read, and write a critical essay.。

[考研类试卷]2012年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、区分题1 Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.metaphor vs. metonymy2 generalized conversational implicature vs. particularized conversational implicature3 coordination vs. subordination4 inflectional morpheme vs. derivational morpheme二、单项选择题5 For each group of items in the following,point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(24/150)（A）republic（B）consolation（C）multiple（D）plumber[Focus on the pronunciation of "l"]（A）reckon（B）recognition（C）rethinking（D）resignation[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]（A）aspiration（B）business（C）arisen（D）resilience[Focus on the pronunciation of "s"] （A）admirable（B）advertising（C）adamant（D）addictive[Focus on the location of the stress]（A）/w/（B）/n/（C）/m/（D）/b/[Focus on the classification of consonants]（A）peddle（B）edit（C）resurrect（D）realize[Focus on the device of word formation] （A）misplace（B）empower（C）unbutton（D）displease[Focus on the type of affix]（A）however（B）therefore（C）whereas（D）nevertheless[Focus on word types]（A）mother/father（B）fairly/rather（C）top/bottom（D）local/global[Focus on the type of semantic relation] （A）cabin/aircraft（B）lens/glasses（C）mouse/computer（D）entrance/park[Focus on myronymy]（A）we（B）it（C）now（D）here[Focus on deixis]（A）Honesty Maxim（B）Approbation Maxim（C）Agreement Maxim（D）Sympathy Maxim[Focus on Leech's Politeness Principle]三、分析题17 Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of the following.(12/150)representational(4/150)18 What happened next was astonishing to all present at the meeting.(8/150)19 Analyze the following sentences as required.(20/150)The door was knocked open by a young man with abrick.(Analyze the underlined parts of the sentence in terms of semantic roles and discuss how this sentence differs from" The young man knocked the door open with a brick".)20 On daily occasions, noise can be a big headache.(Discuss the conceptual metaphor used in this sentence and supply a sentence with a metaphor of the same type. Then, think of another possible conceptual metaphor for NOISE.)21 A smile on your face will make your appearance more welcome.(Rewrite the sentence with "you" as the subject. Discuss the difference(s)between the original sentence and the new one.)22 If yon waste time today, you will repent tomorrow.(Are the underlined words in the sentence deictic in this context? Why yes(or why not)?)四、简答题23 What are the four conditions that the performance of speech acts is supposed to satisfy if it is to be felicitous? Discuss how the following two instances of speech act performance may "deviate"from the rules or conditions.(20/150)(1)Thank for not smoking.(used as a public sign)(2)I really appreciate your effort to share my secret with my enemy!24 By definition,tautology like"Business is business"involves meaningless repetition. However, we do often find the use of it in real-life communication. Can yon think of twomore examples and discuss the possible contexts in which they might be heard? What do their users intend to convey? How are the tautological ways of saying different from their non-tautological equivalents?(22/150)25 Read the following poem carefully. What syntactic deviations are employed in it? What stylistic effect might result from the deviations? What cohesive devices are used? Who does "thou"refer to? How effective is its use?(16/150)My friend—Emily Dickinson My friend must be a Bird—Because it flies! Mortal,my friend must be,Because it dies'.Barbs has it, like a Bee!Ah, curious friend!Thou puzzlest me!26 Second language(L2)learners may correct themselves from time to time during their L2oral production. Listed below are some instances of self-correction(or self-repair)inL2speeches. Each instance is followed by the speaker's own retrospective account of the reasonfor the repair. Study these instances and fulfill the following tasks.(16/150)Task 1)Categorize these self-correction instances into some meaningful types. Name each type,briefly define it, and specify the instances that belong to it. For example, there are some instances(2,6,and 9)that exemplify Error Repairs as a type of self-repairs:Error Repairs: The L2 speakers correct themselves when they realize that they have made(or are making)language errors.Instance 2; The speaker corrects a phonological error.1. Uhm well there's a big dining table for forty person. And then we've also got er well it's well the dining table occupies half of the room.Retrospection: I thought, I did not tell you first how big the room was, so I said that the dining table occupies half of the room,and then I said what I originally wanted to say.2. We could arrange er more smallertabia[teibi]table[teibl] if you would like that better.Retrospection; I mispronounced the word" table," and I corrected it.3. There are very wide choice of er main courses er er steak er er several kinds of steak. Retrospection: I wanted to say it more precisely that we do not only have one kind of steak but several kinds of steak.4. You have to we have to make a contract.Retrospection: I realized that it is stupid to say that you have to make a contract, it's up to us to do it.5. In this urn in this part of the town er there are many vegetarians. Er this is because the university is here and vegetarians like it er like this restaurant.Retrospection: I noticed that" it" could also mean the university, so I wanted to make it clear that it is the restaurant that the vegetarians like and not the university.6. Will er have to pay er five er sorry er twenty-five percent. Retrospection; Here I said "five "instead of" twenty-five "accidentally.7. It doesn't it's not a problem.Retrospection: First I wanted to say "it does not matter" but I realized that in a business deal you cannotsay" it does not matter. "8. Thirty-five per... people.Retrospection: First I wanted to say " persons" but I had used " persons " several times before,so I said"people. " 9. I think it a very nice it's a very niceRetrospection: I left out "is, "and I corrected it.10. Uhm our fish fish meals er foods are very good too.Retrospection: I corrected"fish meals"for"fish food'" because I was not sure you can say "fish meals"and"fish foods"sounded a bit better.11. We have some er er v ... maybe you have vegetarians in your group. Retrospection; Here the idea of vegetarians suddenly popped up, and I abandoned what I was going to say because I would not have been able to list any more types of food anyway.27 Task 2)Analyze these self-correction instances and answer the following two questions: What feature can the self-correction phenomenon reveal about the process of L2 speech production? How does it influence L2 oral production?。

2024南京大学文学考研真题回忆版

2024南京大学文学考研真题回忆版文学615一、名词解释（共10题，每题5分，共计50分。

每题必做。

）1、《楚辞章句》2、《花间集》3、江湖诗派4、《中国新文学大系》（1917-1927）5、学者散文（20世纪八九十年代）6、白洋淀诗群7、《埃涅阿斯纪》8、蒲柏9、经典马克思主义文艺批评10、文学境界二、问答题（请从以下6题中任选4题作答，每题25分，共计100分。

切勿多选多答。

如多选多答，则按已答题对应题号顺序计分。

）11、论《文选》对中国文学的影响。

12、论北宋党争与文学的关系。

13、20世纪40年代出现了《马伯乐》（萧红）、《围城》（钱钟书）、《财主的儿女们》第二部（路翎）以及艾青诗歌等等描写战时迁徙流浪，或以迁徙流亡为背景的作品。

请选择上述作品——至少两部（两位），分析其处理迁徙或流亡“流浪”主题的艺术特色。

14、请简述《霓虹灯下的哨兵》《我们夫妇之间》所表现出来的城乡文化冲突及其反响。

15、简·奥斯丁称自己是“在一小块两英寸宽的象牙板，用一只纤细的毛笔精描细画，辛苦劳作”。

请联系文本，谈谈你的看法。

16、论文学与道德。

语言及论文写作935（一）古代汉语部分（40分）一、用繁体字书写下列各词。

（每小题3分，共15分，每词须完全书写正确才能得分）1、历史系2、范文澜3、松风阁4、头发5、电脑二、简答题（每小题5分，共25分）1、《说文解字叙》是如何解释“转注”的？2、“皋陶”一词中“陶”读为yáo，以及“偷”以“俞”为声符，均反映了哪种上古音现象？3、从词汇学的角度看，“崔嵬”“彷徨”“徜徉”“徘徊”有什么共同点？4、《诗经·大雅·生民》“履帝武敏歆”，“武”是什么意思？5、《左传》“君子不重伤，不禽二毛”，“二毛”是什么意思？（二）现代汉语部分（40分）三、请用国际音标标出这首诗各字的普通话读音：（15分）迟日江山丽，春风花草香。

泥融飞燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。

01-17南大外国文学研真题

南京大学历年考研真题汇编吴文亮整理【外国文学】【2001——2017】南京大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(三小时)【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释（20分）1、“潘多拉的盒子”2、骑士文学3、古典主义4、心理分析小说二、简要谈谈你本人对下列作品最深的一点体会（20分）1、《十日谈》2、《呼啸山庄》3、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》4、《万尼亚舅舅》三、以下四题任选三题，每题20分，共60分。

不许多做。

1普希金被尊为“现代文学之父”，请在“奠基”、“开创”的意义上谈谈他对俄国文学的贡献。

2莫泊桑、契坷夫均为短篇小说大师，试分析二人创作上的不同特点，简述二人对西方短篇小说艺术发展的贡献。

3在西方文学史上，“乌托邦”文学形成一个传统，请列举可归入该传统的重要作品（包括“反面乌托邦”作品），简要描述此类作品的特征。

4西方文学对中国现当代文学有巨大的影响，请选择一位你认为对中国作家的写作影响深远的西方作家，就其“影响”做一简要描述。

【语言文学基础】一、填空题（每空1分，共30分）14 荷马史诗包括《伊利昂纪》和《》两部作品。

15 文艺复兴时期法国新文学的代表是小说家（）。

16 德国作家（）因创作《布登勃洛克一家》而获得1929年诺贝尔文学奖。

17 意识流小说《喧哗与骚动》的作者是美国作家（）。

二、选择题（每小题2分，共28分）7 狄蒙娜是莎士比亚《》中的女主人公。

A哈姆雷特B奥赛罗C李尔王D麦克白8 俄国作家（）常被视为西方现代派文学的先驱之一。

A屠格涅夫B托尔斯泰C陀思妥耶夫斯基D契诃夫三、名词解释（每小题3分，共42分）- 0 -7 书信体小说 8 流浪汉小说南京大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(三小时)【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释（20分）1、特洛伊木马2、模仿说3、十四行诗4、“拜伦式的英雄”二、简要谈谈你对下列作品最深的一点体会。

（20分）1、《神曲》2、《忏悔录》3、《安娜·卡列尼娜》4、《局外人》三、以下四题任选三题，每题20分，共60分。

[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、填空题1 Author______ Title______Ten Thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.2 Author______ Title______It was now midnight, and my task was drawing to a close. I had completed the eighth, the ninth and the tenth tier. I had finished a portion of the last and the eleventh; there remained but a single stone to be fitted and plastered in.3 Author______ Title______Roger edged past the Chief, only just avoiding pushing him with his shoulder. The yelling ceased, and Samneric lay looking up in quiet terror. Roger advanced upon them as one wielding a nameless authority.4 Author______ Title______I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence;Tow roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.5 Author______ Title______The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.6 Author______ Title______Uncle Oscar took both Bassett and Paul into Richmond Park for an afternoon, and there they talked.7 Author______ Title______He decided to rest her in a clump of trees during the afternoon, and push onward under cover of darkness. At dusk Clare purchased food as usual, and their night march began, the boundary between Upper and Mid-Wessex being crossed about eight o' clock.8 Author______ Title______What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman, for I walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headache self-conscious looking at the full moon.9 Author______ Title______I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.10 Author______ Title______And though your graciousness might stream,And I contrive,Grandmother, stones are nothing of homeTo that spumiest dove.Against both bar and tower the black sea runs.二、问答题11 What does "Araby" mean? Discuss its significance as the tide of the story.12 What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger in William Blake' s "The Tyger" ?13 Emerson states; "Let a man then know his worth, and keep things under his feet. " This indicates the author' s belief in realvirtue. Please make comments on this line.14 Why did F. Scott Fitzgerald use "great" to modify the protagonist' s name Gatsby in the title of his novel The Great Gatsby?14 Moon LandingIt' s natural the Boys should whoop it up forso huge a phallic triumph, an adventureit would not have occurred to womento think worth while, made possible onlybecause we like huddling in gangs and knowingthe exact time: yes, our sex may in fairnesshurrah the deed, although the motivesthat primed it were somewhat less than menschlich.A grand gesture. But what does it period?What does it osse? We were always adroiterwith objects than lives, and more facileat courage than kindness; from the momentthe first flint was flaked this landing was merelya matter of time. But our selves, like Adam' s,still don' t fit us exactly, modernonly in this—Our lack of decorum.Homer' s heroes were certainly no braverthan our Trio, but more fortunate: Hectorwas excused the insult of havinghis valor covered by television.Worth going to see? I can well believe it.Worth seeing? Mneh! I once rode through a desertand was not charmed: give me a wateredlively garden, remote from blatherersabout the New, the von Brauns and their ilk, whereon August mornings I can count the morningglories where to die has a meaning,and no engine can shift my perspective.Unsmudged, thank God, my Moon still queens the Heavens as She ebbs and fulls, a Presence to glop at,Her Old Man, made of grit not protein,still visits my Austrian severalwith His old detachment, and the old warningsstill have power to scare me: Hybris comes toan ugly finish, Irreverenceis a greater oaf than Superstition.Our apparatniks will continue makingthe usual squalid mess called History:all we can pray for is that artists,chefs and saints may still appear to blithe it.(1969)15 What does the speaker mean in lines 1 -4? Do you agree with these sentiments?(4%)16 Besides being a satellite or a celestial body, what else does the moon suggest?(2%)17 What does the speaker think of science and technology? Does his opinion conform to or conflict with your ideas about the American space program?(4%)18 In the poem, the poet questions the wisdom of the 1969 moon landing. Write a short essay in which you discuss whether the United States should or should not continue space exploration.(10%)三、评论题19 Essay Question.(50 %)Bildunsroman refers to "novel of formation" or "novel of education". The subject of Bildunsroman, according to M. H.Abrams, is "the development of the protagonist' s mind and character, in the passage from childhood through varied experiences—and often through a spiritual crisis—into maturity, which usually involves recognition of one' s identity and role in the world". Choose a typical Bildunsroman you have read, and write a critical essay.。

2011年南京大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题-无答案

2011年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分88,考试时间90分钟)1. 填空题1. 1 , a nineteenth-century literary critic, describes literary criticism as " a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world".2. At the turn of the twentieth century, there arose a more deliberate kind of realism called 2 which aimed to provide a precise description of actual circumstances of human life in minute details.3. Poets usually create a 3 , or fictitious "character" to express feelings and thoughts.4. For a time American poetry imitated the traditional verse of England. It was 4 who brought a new American voice to the world.5. For the generation who had lived through the wars, the problem of communication in an **plex and terrifying world became the major issue. Their response to the spiritual and material impoverishment, and the ultimate threat of total annihilation was put clear in 56. James Joyce styled 6 in his fiction, each being shaped around a moment of revelation as " a sudden spiritual manifestation. "7. E. M. Forster makes a distinction between 7 and 8 characters. The former are simple and unchanging; the latter **plex and dynamic.8. Many writers who figured prominently in the 1920s, belong to the group which Gertrude Stein dubbed the 99. In the 1960s and 1970s there appeared 10 that explicitly concerns itself with the process of narration, writing, **position.10. Author______Title______ Here is no water but only rock Rock and no water and the sandy road The road winding above among the mountains Which are mountains of rock without water 11. Author______Title______ I relinquished the intention he had detected, for I knew him! Even yet I could not recall a single feature, but I knew him! If the wind and the rain had driven away the intervening years, had scattered all the intervening objects, had swept up to the churchyard where we first stood face to face on such different levels, I could not have known my convict more distinctly than I knew him now, as he sat in the chair before the fire.12. Author______Title______ Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear"d, Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:13. Author______Title He felt that his luck was better than usual today. When he had reported for work that morning he had expected to be shut up in the relief office at a clerk"s job, for he had been hired downtown as a clerk, and he was glad to have, instead, the freedom of the streets and welcomed, at least at first, the vigor of the cold and even the blowing of the hard wind. But on the other hand he was not getting on with the distribution of the checks. It was true that it was a cityjob; nobody expected you to push too hard at a city job.14. Author______Title______ He was an odd old guy,my grandfather,and I am told I take after him. It was he who caused the trouble. On his deathbed he called my father to him and said, "Son, after I"m gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemy"s country ever since I give up my gun back in the Reconstruction. Live with your head in the lion"s mouth. I want you to **e"em with yeses, undermine"em with grins, agree"em to death and destruction, let"em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open. "15. Author______Title______ What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.16. Author______Title______ It was father"s idea that both he and mother should try to entertain the people who came to eat at our restaurant. I cannot now remember his words but he gave the impression of one about to become in some obscure way a kind of public entertainer.17. Author______Title______ Honey, I told you I thoroughly checked on these stories! Now wait till I finished. The trouble with Dame Blanche was that she couldn"t put on her act any more in Laurel! They got wised up after two or three dates with her and then they quit, and she goes on to another, the same old line, same old act, same old hooey!18. Author______Title______ I placed a jar in Tennessee, And round it was, upon a hill. It made the slovenly wilderness Surround that hill.19. Author______Title______ When the young woman—the mother of this child—stood fully revealed before the crowd, it seemed to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to her bosom; not so much by an impulse of motherly affection, as that she might thereby conceal a certain token, which was wrought or fastened into her dress.20. Author______Title______ I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow. I feel my fate in what I cannot fear. I learn by going where I have to go. We think by feeling. What is there to know? I hear my being dance from ear to ear. I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow.21. Author______Title______ When the correspondent again opened his eyes, the sea and the sky were each of the gray hue of the dawning. Later, carmine and gold was painted upon the waters. The morning appeared finally, in its splendor with a sky of pure blue, and the sunlight flamed on the tips of the waves.22. Author______Title______ I was seated by the shore of a small pond, about a mile and a half south of the village of Concord and somewhat higher than it, in the midst of an extensive wood between that town and Lincoln, and about two miles south of that our only filed known to fame, Concord Battle Ground;...23. Author______Title______ A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me violently back. For a brief moment I hesitated, I trembled. Unsheathing my rapier, I began to grope with it about the recess; but the thought of an instant reassured me. I placed my hand upon the solid fabric of the **bs and felt satisfied. I reapproached the wall. I replied to the yells of him who clamoured.24. Author______Title______ Summertime, oh, summertime, pattern of life indelible, the fade-proof lake, the woods unshatterable, the pasture with the sweetfern and the juniper forever and ever, summer without end; ...25. Author______Title______ Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief That thou her maid art far more fair than she.26. Author______Title______ The earth seemed unearthly. We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but there—there you could look at a thing monstrous and free. It was unearthly, and the men were—No, they were not inhuman. Well, you know, that was the worst of it—this suspicion of their not being inhuman. It **e slowly to one. They howled, and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; that what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity...27. Author______Title______ Nor did wild rumors of all sorts fail to exaggerate, and still the more horrify the tale histories of these deadly encounters. For not only do fabulous rumors naturally grow out of the very body of all surprising terrible events, —as the smitten tree gives birth to its fungi; but, in maritime life, far more than in that of terra firma, wild rumors abound, wherever there is any adequate reality for every other sort of maritime life, in the wonderfulness and fearfulness of the rumors which sometimes circulate there.28. Author______Title______ Sophocles long ago Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow Of human misery; we Find also in the sound a thought, Hearing it by this distant northern sea.29. Author______Title______ I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through tile throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of tears(I could not tell why)and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom. I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.30. Author______Title______ The artist spends a lifetime in pursuing the things that haunt him, in having his mind "teased" by them, in trying to get these conceptions down on paper exactly as they are to him and not in conventional poses supposed to reveal their character; trying this method and that, as a painter tries different lightings and different attitudes with his subject to catch the one that presents it more suggestively than any other. And at the end of a lifetime he emerges with much that is more or less happy experimenting, **paratively little that is the very flower of himself and his genius.31. Author______Title______ At this point the woman, still lying prone, brought her two hands up behind her shoulders with the ends of a scarf in them, tied it behind her back, and sat up. She wore a red scarf tied around her breasts and brief red bikini pants. This being the first day of the sun she was white, flushing red.32. Author______Title______ I have already thought of ending Charles"s career here and now; of leaving him for eternity on his way to London. But the conventions of Victorian fiction allowed on place for the open, the inconclusive ending; and I preached earlier of the freedom characters must be given.33. Author______Title______ Butter sunk under More than a hundred years Was recovered salty and white. The ground itself is kind, black butter Melting and opening underfoot. Missing its last definition By millions of years. They"ll never dig coal here,...34. Author______Title______ I really don"t see anything romantic about proposing. It is very romantic to be in love. But there is nothing romantic about a definite proposal. Why, one may beaccepted. One usually is, I believe. Then, the excitement is all over. The very essence of romance is uncertainty. If ever I get married, I"ll certainly try to forget the fact.2. 问答题1. Briefly review the contributions that Washington Irving made to the history of American literature.2. Write a **ment on The Jazz Age.3. Write a summary of ANY story of the following: " Looking for Mr. Green," "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" , "Barn Burning".4. Tess of the D"Urbervilles is subtitled "a pure woman faithfully represented". Why is Tess, a fallen woman **mits felony, considered by the author a pure woman?5. Robert Browning is noted as a writer of dramatic monologues, in which a single "actor" speaks to an implied auditor. Explain the special effects of the literary form in relation to poetic themes.6. Write a summary of Either of the following stories; "Araby" and "Rose-Colored Teacups".3. 分析题Read the following poem and fulfill the tasks.(20 points)Touch it; it won"t shrink like an eyeball, This egg-shaped bailiwick, clear as a tear.Here"s yesterday, last year—Palm-spear and lily distinct as flora in the vastWindless threadwork of a tapestry.Flick the glass with your fingernail:It will ping like a Chinese chime in the slightest air stirThough nobody in there looks up or bothers to answer.The inhabitants are light as cork,Every one of them permanently busy.At their feet, the sea waves bow in single file.Never trespassing in bad temper;Stalling in midair,Short-reined, pawing like paradeground horses.Overhead, the clouds sit tasseled and fancyAs Victorian cushions. This familyOf valentine faces might please a collector:They ring true, like good china.Elsewhere the landscape is more frank.The light fails without letup, blindingly.A woman is dragging her shadow in a circleAbout a bald hospital saucer.It resembles the moon, or a sheet of blank paperAnd appears to have suffered a sort of private blitzkrieg.She lives quietlyWith no attachments, like a foetus in a bottle,The obsolete house, the sea; flattened to a pictureShe has one too many dimensions to enter.Grief and anger, exorcised,Leave her alone now.The future is a grey seagullTattling in its cat-voice of departure.Age and terror, like nurses, attend her,And a drowned man, complaining of the great cold,Crawls up out of the sea.1. Identify its author(2 points);2. Try to give it a suitable title(3 points);3. Write a short essay to discuss its thematic concerns.(15 points)4. Write a critical essay in response to the following questions about Shakespeare"s Hamlet.(30 points)1. Is Hamlet a "a sweet prince" or an "arrant knave"?(4 points)2. Why does Hamlet delay in killing Claudius?(4 points)3. Is Hamlet mad?(2 points)4. To what extent is it right to call Hamlet a revenge play?(10 points)5. How important are politics **edy in Hamlet?(10 points)。

卓越考研2013年南大英美文学考研真题

2013年南京大学英美文学考研真题基础英语阅读由去年的两篇变为一篇。

第一篇讲的现代建筑衰落的原因，第二篇没记错的话选自Virginia Woolf的Common Reader，陶洁50篇里看到过前半部分。

第二篇有四五页之多，大量的无用信息，提醒大家以后做阅读先看问题，否则耽误时间。

残念让写gallop的近义词楼主不可原谅地填了个caper上去。

Malodious这种拆分结构后一目了然的词，楼主看得匆忙居然把意思解释成cozy……= =估计考卷老师该汗颜了。

其它6个词都比较简单，不过楼主解释的也不好表达的不清楚不知道给不给分。

还是基本功不扎实。

汉翻英第一小段内容是家长对孩子教育的影响，第二段考的是张培基第一册的野草最后两段中的几句话。

英翻汉第一小段考的居然是江南style，第二段考的是生命如交响乐般有自己的旋律。

今年翻译题偏文学，好，前几年考的像旅游介绍似的，今年的文章看得赏心悦目。

Cloze内容是他人有时对自己的人生产生决定性的影响，添得不好。

作文题目是关于钱是否是幸福之源的。

这题目比去年好写。

哈了圣经Croesus （悲剧考场上写成Crosus）圣诞颂歌福斯特的我的树林上去。

作文题分值降到45分。

英美文学第一大题很简单没什么讲的。

Ezra Pound, T.S.Eliot, Imagist Movement, problem drama, Ibsen, Transcedentalism, Gothic novel之类的.二大大题辨识题超纲了……= =Sister Carrie的段有个Carrie还不难识别，Miss Brooke真的是绞尽脑汁想了都想不出……回来查了才知道是George Eliot的Middlemarch里的……楼主毕业论文写的George Eliot的Silas Marner，怪自己没有把她的所有作品分析透彻……T T 另外有一首诗歌也没认出来，回来查了好久都没查到，讲we must bear the sad times , die young, never grow old之类的，求告知答案。

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南京大学历年考研真题汇编吴文亮整理【外国文学】【2001——2017】【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释（20分）1、“潘多拉的盒子”2、骑士文学3、古典主义4、心理分析小说二、简要谈谈你本人对下列作品最深的一点体会（20分）1、《十日谈》2、《呼啸山庄》3、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》4、《万尼亚舅舅》三、以下四题任选三题，每题20分，共60分。

不许多做。

1普希金被尊为“现代文学之父”，请在“奠基”、“开创”的意义上谈谈他对俄国文学的贡献。

2莫泊桑、契坷夫均为短篇小说大师，试分析二人创作上的不同特点，简述二人对西方短篇小说艺术发展的贡献。

3在西方文学史上，“乌托邦”文学形成一个传统，请列举可归入该传统的重要作品（包括“反面乌托邦”作品），简要描述此类作品的特征。

4西方文学对中国现当代文学有巨大的影响，请选择一位你认为对中国作家的写作影响深远的西方作家，就其“影响”做一简要描述。

【语言文学基础】一、填空题（每空1分，共30分）14荷马史诗包括《伊利昂纪》和《》两部作品。

15文艺复兴时期法国新文学的代表是小说家（）。

16德国作家（）因创作《布登勃洛克一家》而获得1929年诺贝尔文学奖。

17意识流小说《喧哗与骚动》的作者是美国作家（）。

二、选择题（每小题2分，共28分）7狄蒙娜是莎士比亚《》中的女主人公。

A哈姆雷特B奥赛罗C李尔王D麦克白8俄国作家（）常被视为西方现代派文学的先驱之一。

A屠格涅夫B托尔斯泰C陀思妥耶夫斯基D契诃夫三、名词解释（每小题3分，共42分）7书信体小说8流浪汉小说【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释（20分）1、特洛伊木马2、模仿说3、十四行诗4、“拜伦式的英雄”二、简要谈谈你对下列作品最深的一点体会。

（20分）1、《神曲》2、《忏悔录》3、《安娜·卡列尼娜》4、《局外人》三、以下四题任选三题，每题20分，共60分。

多做无效。

1、“人文主义”，“人道主义”均系西文humanism一词的中译，使用中各有侧重，试加辨析，并说出文艺复兴时期人文主义的特征。

2、如何估价古罗马文学在欧洲文学发展史上的地位？3、结合福楼拜小说的特点说明其写作对西方小说重要意义。

4、鲁迅受到过哪些西方思想家、文学家的影响，试加说明。

【语言文学基础】一、填空题。

（30）14 描写动物生活的（）是中古市民文学的重要成就之一。

15 歌德在（）运动时期创作了小说《少年维特之烦恼》。

16 杰克·伦敦的代表作是自传体长篇小说（）。

17 1914年，爱尔兰作家乔依斯几经周折，终于出版了他的第一部小说（）。

二、选择题。

（每题2分，计28分）8、俄国作家莱蒙托夫在其小说《当代英雄》中描写了“多余人”的形象是：A叶甫盖尼·奥涅金B毕乔林C罗亭D奥勃洛莫夫9、《劳动在从猿到人转变过程中的作用》的作者是：A索绪尔B列宁C恩格斯D达尔文三、名词解释。

（每题3分，计42分）7 奥林波斯神统8《人间喜剧》【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一.论述题1. 试比较堂吉诃德与哈姆雷特性格之异同。

2. 概述19世纪欧洲浪漫主义文学运动的发展。

【语言文学基础】一填空题：（每题1分，计52分）24西方第一部“拟史诗”是《》。

25法国的（）是中古后期英雄史诗的代表作品。

26意大利第一个人文主义者是《歌集》的作者（）。

27《失乐园》的作者是英国诗人（）。

28（）发表于1782年，是席勒青年时期的代表作。

29《玩偶之家》写娜拉与丈夫（）由和睦转为决裂的故事。

30美国作家霍桑的小说《红字》发表于（）年。

二选择题：（每题2分，计28分）7马克思称（）为“哲学的日历中最高的圣者和殉道者”：A普罗米修斯B忒修斯C赫拉克勒斯D奥德修斯8果戈里在《死魂灵》中塑造了一个吝啬鬼形象：A玛尼罗夫B罗士特莱夫C梭巴开维支D泼留希金三名词解释：（每题5分，计70分）7感伤主义8意识流小说【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一、论述题。

1.比较《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》。

2.古希腊文学与中世纪文学的文学精神有什么不同？【语言文学基础】一、填空题（每空1分，计52分）22 现存古希腊悲剧中唯一取材于现实生活的一部作品是埃斯库罗斯的《》。

23 《神曲》叙述诗人但丁在（）年幻游三界的故事。

24 《》是西班牙剧作家维加的代表作。

25 《人生如梦》的作家（）是17世纪西欧著名的巴洛克风格文学家。

26 （）的《波斯人信札》被认为是法国第一部哲理小说。

27 英国浪漫主义文学“湖畔派”三诗人是华兹华斯、柯尔律治和（）。

28 “他人即地狱”一语出自萨特剧本《》。

二、选择题（每题2分，计28分）7、《列那狐传奇》属于中世纪文学的（）体裁。

A教会文学B英雄传奇C骑士文学D市民文学8、乔伊斯的意识流小说《尤利西斯》于（）年在巴黎出版。

A 1914B 1916C 1922D 1939三、名词解释（每题5分，计70分）7框型结构8自然主义【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一、必答题（1—4题）1.以列文（《安娜·卡列尼娜》）或聂赫留朵夫（《复活》）为例，分析托尔斯泰的思想观点。

2.比较《失乐园》中的撒旦和和《浮士德》中的靡非斯特这两个魔鬼形象。

【语言文学基础】一填空题（每空1分，计52分）21．（）第八卷中描写的游唱诗人谛摩多科可以看作是盲诗人荷马的形象。

22．关于动物的故事诗《》是中世纪市民文学的最重要的成就之一。

23．（）是16世纪下半叶法国著名的思想家、散文家。

24．1636年，高乃依的古典主义悲剧《》上演，轰动了巴黎。

25．感伤主义的名称即由英国作家（）的小说《感伤的旅行》而来。

26．期丹达尔小说《红与黑》的副标题是“（）年纪事”。

27．《二十二条军规》主要叙述了小说人物（）千方百计想脱离战争的经历。

二填空题（每题2分，计28分）7.（）提出诗是“强烈感情的自然流露”。

（A）弗•施莱格尔（B）华兹华斯（C）雨果（D）海涅8．左拉的（）是以煤矿生活为题材，反映劳资冲突的小说。

（A）《金钱》（B）《小酒店》（C）《萌芽》（D）《崩溃》三名词解释（每题5分，计70分）7拜伦式英雄8魔幻现实主义【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一必答题（1—4题）1.以维吉尔的《埃涅阿斯纪》为例，说明什么是“拟史诗”，并与荷马史诗作简要的比较。

2.陀斯托耶夫斯基的创作对20世纪现代派文学意义何在？【语言文学基础】一、填空题（每空1分，计32分）14（）认为文艺是“影子的影子”而且不利于正义和德行。

所以对待人下了逐客令。

15欧洲最早的一部流浪汉小说是无名氏的（）。

16（）反对机械地模仿法国古典主义。

主张写“市民悲剧”。

17《毛猿》是美国表现主义剧作家（）的代表作。

二、选择题（每题2分，计28分）7冈察洛夫笔下的______常被称为十九世纪俄国文学中最后一个“多余人”形象。

（A）奥涅金（B）别巧林（C）罗亭（D）奥勃洛摩天8 ______的《佩德罗帕拉莫》是魔幻现实主义小说的重要作品。

（A）阿斯图里亚斯（B）卡彭铁尔（C）鲁尔弗（D）马尔科斯三、名词解释9文艺复兴10《卢贡—马卡尔家族》【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一、名词解释：（每小题5分，计50分）8浮士德精神9多余人10黑色幽默二、问答题：（25×4，6题选做4题，多做扣分）为什么人们常称古希腊悲剧为“命运悲剧”？它与莎士比亚悲剧有什么不同？南京大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一名词解释：（5×10=50）3.骑士文学4.湖畔诗派二问答题：（六题选四题，每题25分）1.契诃夫的戏剧的特点，及对曹禺和夏衍有何影响?请结合剧本简要说明。

【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）3流浪汉小说4《傲慢与偏见》二、论述（任选四题，共100分）1.有论者称陀斯妥也夫斯基的小说是“对灵魂的拷问”，谈谈你对此的理解。

南京大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一、名词解释：（5×10=50）荒诞派戏剧《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》二、问答题：（六题选四题，每题25分）1、试以具体作品为例子，简述鲁迅对外国文学的接受。

南京大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一名词解释：（5×10=50）意识流小说人间喜剧二、论述题1、鲁迅说，在中国人眼里，陀思妥耶夫斯基是残酷的天才，试着结合作品进行分析。

【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一、名词解释：（5×10=50）《俄狄浦斯王》浪漫派运动二、论述题。

结合《恶之花》，简述波德莱尔对美的特殊见解。

南京大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 615】一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）俄狄浦斯情节魔幻现实主义二、论述题1、同样作为19世纪欧洲著名的短篇小说大师，莫泊桑和契科夫的短篇小说在艺术上有什么不同？南京大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一、名词解释：（5×10=50）《神曲》《等待戈多》二、论述题。

1、19世纪欧美文学中，哪些作家的创作对20世纪现代主义文学产生过深远的影响？试以其中一位作家的创作为例子，联系其作品，具体分析他对20世纪现代主义文学的影响。

南京大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一、名词解释：（5×10=50）社会问题剧法国新小说派二、论述题。

1、选取某位中国现当代的作家，谈谈外国文学对该作家的具体影响。

南京大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一、名词解释：（5×10=50）《等待戈多》《十九世纪欧洲主流文学》二、论述题。

1、托尔斯泰和陀思妥耶夫斯基作为19世纪俄国文学的两大巨匠，在艺术风格上有什么不同？试以具体作品分析。

南京大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（三小时）【考试科目名称及代码：文学 315】一、名词解释：（5×10=50）福斯塔夫式背景流浪汉小说二、论述题。

1.比较包法利夫人和安娜卡列尼娜的性格和命运。