25.征服考博英语-语法结构500题
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。
选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。
be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。
句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。
2.单选题At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.问题1选项A.rectifiedB.recitedC.rekindledD.reiterated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。
句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.sentimentalD.sensational【答案】C【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。
4.单选题The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
考博英语资料
Test one一、完形填空（语言的进化与学习）Evolved;valuable;attainment;resonble;claim;with;organisms;potential;as;biological;reviews;infact; the lower;exposed;rules;although;isolated;interaction;acquisition;in other words二、阅读理解1、culture is the sum total of all the traditions……（文化是所有传统的总称）C(basically equal);D(complicated);A(vocabulary);A(all languages allow);B(It helps anthropology) 2、aurora极光篇C(know little);D(the behavior24);A(magnetosphere);B(colors depend on);B(formatio and colors) 3、划船-团队论B(spirit of teamwork);D(a coach);A(key to);C(bad management );C(from the beginning)4、If you intend to using humou……（幽默的使用）D(use humor effiectively);B(relevant to);A(god-like);B(another group);B(as if be natural)5、four words that changed a life(C-E-A-D-F)Test two一、完形填空（我们正在进入一个飞速发展、致命武器、资源耗费、国际紧张的时代）There;achieved;transfers;scale;outcome;needed;whether;possibly;as;last;difficult;pace;allowance;o ut;many;then;come;line;extent;or;二、阅读理解1、Archaeology has long been an tool for…… (考古学已成为研究史前文化的一个工具)A(purpose changed);C(investigate European cultures in northAmerican);D(locate);B(misused in1940s);A(become valuable in science and history )2、A folk culture is small…….(民间文化)A(contrast between);B(popular cultures);C(tradition);D(while );D(popular culture incresingly)3\As Dr Samuel…..计算机B(at all);D(compared with man);C(absurd);A(handle streams information);B(before 1970s)4、genetic discrimination is a bad thing (基因歧视)C（may become a musician）;A(Yo-yo Ma);D(hard work);D(reliable than other);B(advocates) 5、The irresponsibility that spreads AIDS:B-A-F-D-CTest three一、完形填空（culture is the sum total of all the traditions……文化是所有的总称）Sense;may;savage;of;that;series;established;spoken;uncivilized;complex;tranfer;their;which;but; Speakers;expansions;existence;to;ours;what二、阅读理解1、Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths.D(the prevalent measurement);C(achieve happiness);A(annoying);D(encounter few difficuties)B(wants to illustrate those who know ……are truly intelligent)2、In July of 1994,an astournding series of events took place(comet 彗星事件)D（once combined larger body）;C(frozen);B(more than 20);A(left marks and ribbons )D(collisions between heavenly bodies have been relatively frequent)3、By the year 2100,global temperatures are expected to rise (地球温度将升高)C（0.8-3.5recent years）D(technically not very difficut to reduce);D(overdue=late);A( a political risk );A(may emit more for somet time)4、Over the past few years ,people being told what they cant eat. (diets 食物节食)D（wandering what food healthy）A(more profits than safty);D(consumers blame for)B(ready-made meal replaced the home-making );B(man-made and not beneficial to health)5、Working women----East an West:B-A-D-E-FTest Four一、完形填空（one of the major problems of nuclear energy…核能的主要问题）Many;active;whilespan;forcing;involves;which;by-products;undetacted;containers;leaked;effects;consideration; Building;high;enclosing hot;where;thereby;abandoned二、阅读理解1、Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies(火山与冰川是敌人)C(steam caves of Mount Rainier);C(Destruction in the cutting of glaciers);D(bowel-like)A(sth between ofdinary ice and crystalline ice);A(destroy the cave system)2、Out of more than 3 million students graduates from high school (300万中学生高中毕业) B（0.2%）；Ｂ(pass entrance examinatio);C(reasearch institutions);C(equally well-known);B(diffent opinions)3、Most americans spend far more of their leisure time(美国人的休闲时间在大众媒体)C（mass media occupies leisure time）;B(our exposure not necessary) A(by different factors)B(influence as great as film ) D(somewhat passive)4、For the past 20 years, scientists have been investigating科学家探讨疾病与电磁场的关系A(rise debate);B(a figure to judge);D(The EMF);B(make clear);C(adequate hunman models)5、you are what you think D-B-A-C-FTest Five一、完形填空（Humor doesn't travel well;Jokes rarely translate）While;in term of; so that;capable;advance;shaped;depends on;interpreting;interacting;about;compounded;incorporated;at the mercy of ;transform;offensive;constraints;likewise;at the expense of;cautious;risky二、阅读理解1、Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion(想象如果世界没有了情绪)B（tell beneficial from harmful）;C(enjoy doing right thing);A(basis);B(classcify objects);B(socity) 2\War may be a natural expression of biological instince and .(战争可能是生物本能的表达) B(be reasonable);B(by social conventions);B(control violence);C(responsibility punishment);B(sacrifices individual for the benefit of the social menmber)3、The case for college has been accepted without question for more高中生上大学的好处？) B(value it high);B(themore ,the less)C(rise unemployment);B(only a choice);A(strong motivation)4、Automobile industry has been well in USA and Japan (为什么日本汽车生产水平比美国高)D（different process）B(both well)C(not only ..but also)A(practicable) D(make clear)5、JAKARTA C-B-E-D-ATest SIX一、完形填空（Generally speaking 英国人可能更愿意谈天气）Even;witness;dozing;but;once;object;fancy;atlength;follows ;speculation;certainly;who;when;pred ictions;surprised;repaced;although;at aloss;mention;reserved二、阅读理解1\略2、for most of us ,the work is the central….(工人与管理者工作的差别)C（by work they do）;B(satisfaction in life);B(frustrations from inequality at work)D(intolerable and challenging )A(have no control over their work)3、Prospective teachers are urged to develop their…..(未来老师的教学方法)A（possible selecting）C（instruction practice）A（oversimlified and judgement）B(responsible use 0f teaching style)B(Educational philosophies)4、Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology别歧视被证明是思想意识形态) D（somewhat a prejudice）A(weaker sex)；B（an extension domestic role）B(social determined and full of prejudices);B(sex role different are taught in schools)5、The grass is always greener A-C-D-F-ETest Seven一、完形填空（One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is ….资本主义的本质特征是）Extensive ;however;evolution ;significant;source;material;problems;which;deny;emergence;For example;created;line;recognized;stepped in;important;industries;pursuit;handicap;condemn二、阅读理解1、Its natural for young people to be critical their parents（年轻人经常抱怨父母不理解他们）D（teenagers）;A(sometimes reasonable to complain);D(illustrate existence);D(show difference and independence);C(cooperate with their parents)2、What do we think of the word “business”你认为什么是生意？()C（business many kinds of enterprises）;B(Munich Re);D(socially and responsible);A(more responsibilities than profits);B(a chapter of a business book)3、Although we can say…language learning like to pretend (语言学习)D（generalizationg in very beginning）;B(students exposed to plenty language materials);D(Teahers should exercise students ability);A(make slow progress);B(some generalization of language learning)4、Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions…(衣着提供个人的信息)B（helps us understand）;C(attract more attention);C (certain type certain occasions);A(Few women are certain professional clothing);D(Clothing for appropriate effects)5、Don't cry for the new economy B-C-E-A-FTest eight一、完形填空（there are two ways to see growth 有两种基本方式去观察增长）Viewed;promotion;measurable;by contrast;definition;specigic;as;ends;order ;risks;first;perceive; Open;cause;adapt;cope;likely;role;both;cease to二、阅读理解1、Should doctors ever lie to be benefit ,,,,(医生应该撒谎吗？C(lawyers);D(necessary practice);C(unable to deal properly);A(doctors different government );B(slightly sarcastic稍带讽刺2、Fortunately there are still afew tasty things for us to enjoy security (食盐还是不食盐呢？D（not convincing）;C(humorous);B(too much salt);B(equally harmful to health);C(not result from)3、Few people would defend the attitude to childern (父母对孩子溺爱的度的把握)B（very strict）;D(followers);B(urging to spoil child);D(strong)；C(hardships beneficial growth ) 4、The destruction of natural resources and contamination of food (环境与食物污染)C（pollution）;B(Environmental health professionals);A(Ecologists,conserbationists)D(Unable to see the whole);B(America)5、Our pursuit of Happiness F-B-C-A-ETest Nine一、完形填空（many definitions of social movements and revolutions社会运动革命的不同）Purposeful;profit;and;legal;thus;find;Civil;involved;achieve;however;stop;disagreements;standard ;scale;enact;major;and;sought;stakes;ready二、阅读理解1、For centuries ecplorers have risked their lives….(探险活动的目的及意义，火星探险)B(for economic and polical purposes);D(an unknown region);D(Non-commercial ornational imperative);C(a role more important than past);A(May helpunderstand how life began)2、American and British annoyed the French Paradox(法国式的似是而非与反话)B（eat more fatty but less die of）;C(show uncertain );A(the special way of wine-drinking)D(delayed result of an action);A(still uncertain about the key to French Paradox puzzle)3、A reviews of the female characters in Chinese fiction..(中国小说中的妇女形象)C（of the 20th century）;B(subject to male-centered );A(pessimistic);C(not just ,but economic as well);A(wives at homes and working outside at the same time )4、The fear of Americanization of the planet …..(文化美国化或全球化现象)D（at the expense of the other languages）;A(encourages to learn other language cultures )D(now popular in the world);C(to promote language cultures);A(Universalist)5、Einsteins painful romance;E-C-A-B-DTest Ten一、完形填空（略）二、阅读理解1、Income disparity describes two disparate groups:the rich and the poor(收入划分贫富距) C（different）；D(only have better conditions);C(only somewhat reasonable)A(still hope to make fortune);B(unrealistic to take monetary wealth as the only aim of life )2、Crying is hardly encouraged by scciety (流眼泪的不同原因与作用)D（harmful to health）;A(physiological);C(hardly necessary to get help);A(Emotional tears different other accounts );B(discovery of drug abuse and the diagnosis of eye illnesses)3、satiric literature is its freshness,its originality…(讽刺文学的魅力)D（reasons for pooularity of satire）C(new form);A(Jonathan Swift);D(original aesthertically);C(because they need to be reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate)4、One fact demonstated by early sleep researchers (睡眠的研究情形)B(each individual had the same EFG as his signature);D(sleep involves different levels of consciousness) C(single);D(after the alpha rhythm descents);A(sustainable)5、When to say no to kids E-B-F-C-D。
考博英语填空题常考语法结构
考博英语填空题常考语法结构一、主句单一原则任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构，如果已经有一个主句，那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句，除非中间有连接词进行联系。
例1：--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.(A) They occur where they are(B) Occuring where(C) Where they occur(D) Where do they occur分析：空格后面是一个主句，(A)为带有从句的主句，空格后又是主句，有两个主句一定错。
C为地点状语从句，正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。
例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center(A) Fort Wayne(B) Although Fort Wayne(C) For wayne is in(D) Fort Wayne, in分析：空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词，由此可知，最后一句话是一个主句，空格处应该有从句引导词，四个选项中只有（B）中although能引导从句，故选（B）。
二、谓语动词专一原则任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。
句子中不可能没有谓语动词，也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。
例1：William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,”-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals withsocial issues.(A) covers(B) covers it(C) which covers(D) which it covers分析：空格后的deals with 是谓语动词，A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词，可先排除; D 中的it多余，因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语；C构成正确的定语从句例2：In copper engravings and etchings, -----causedby the edges of the plate is clearly visible onthe paper.(A) the impression is(B) if the impression is(C) impressions(D) the impression分析：题目中的is是谓语，A,B中是谓语重复。
考博英语(翻译和写作常用短语)
一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more pos itive impact on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。
考博英语词汇语法复习
考博英语词汇语法习题及参考答案Section A (指出划线部分的同义词或近义词)1.Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at anytime, for any reason is to be deplored.”A．emulated B．ridiculed C．complicated D．lamented2.To carry out his economic programs, Roosevelt had to contend with a Supreme Court that was deeply opposed to those programs.A. travel B surrender C struggle d. join3.Being unable to write clearly is a liability in a business career. In business, one must often express opinions and ideas in writing.A. drawback B surprise C necessity D penalty4.The idea that off-track betting will work in Alaska because it works in New York isa questionable analogy. New York and Alaska may not be alike when it comes to off-track betting.A comparisonB purposeC contrastD requirement5.Indigenous life forms—the cactus and the camel in the desert, the polar bear and the seal in the Arctic, and so on—are suited to their environment in very specific ways.A nativeB dangerousC extinctD recent6.There is an optimum way to approach each kind of exam question. For a multiple-choice item, for example, first eliminate any clearly wrong answers. For an essay question, jot down an outline first.A inconvenientB bestC annoyingD time-consuming7.Studies indicate that a predisposition to schizophrenia is inherited. People who are schizophrenic are more likely than others to have schizophrenic children.A tendencyB understandingC fearD avoidance8.By giving military aid to dictatorships in Latin America, the United States has seemed to sanction their cruel policies.A criticizeB approveC rememberD create9.A provocative question can be an effective way to open an essay. Students have begun essays with such interesting questions as, "What do you think your name means?" and "How long do you think it would take you to count to one billion?"A funnyB arousing interestC unanswerableD very brief10.Manic depression is an emotional disorder in which the patient alternates between feeling delightfully euphoric and being plunged into deep gloom.A overjoyedB boredC exhaustedD curious11.What makes up a true work of art? Although no single criterion seems adequate, the novelist James Joyce suggested three standards: "wholeness, harmony and radiance."A. novel B question C artist D standardSection B （根据句子的意思选择恰当的单词）12.Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be allright.A hesitateB lingerC retainD dwell13.Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A．cursed B．echoed C．bounced D．hailed14.The international situation has been growing _____difficult for the last few years.A invariablyB presumablyC increasinglyD dominantlyThe boy seemed more ______ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A．reconciled B．consolidated C．deteriorated D．attributed15.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A．intriguing B．exasperating C．demonstrative D．unprovoked 16.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.A．mercurial B．gallant C．ardent D．frugal17.The party has always had a cautious and______attitude to Europe.A. obedientB. overwhelmingC. skepticalD. subsidiary18.People's confidence in Blair was greatly ______ by his wife's misbehavior.A．sapped B．cherished C．sabotaged D．confirmed19.It is the central government that has ______ the coastal economies preferential policies.A．delivered B．granted C．submitted D．given20.Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are ______ off.A．avoided B．excluded C．screened D．separated21.The secretary wants to ______ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.A．enlighten B．enlist C．enable D．enclose22.To be a successful criminal, one must be ______.A．empirical B．emigrant C．elegant D．elusive23.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A．defers B．curtails C．triggers D．sparks24.I reject any religious doctrine that does not ______to reason and is in conflict with morality.A．apply B．appeal C．attract D．attend25.Even though he was guilty, the __ judge did not send him to prison.A mercifulB impartialC conscientiousD conspicuous26.Before the disastrous earthquake there was ______ chaos.A．massive B．ominous C．suspending D．imminent27.The appearance of the used car is ______ , it's much newer than it really is.A．descriptive B．indicative C．deceptive D．impressive28.At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.A．hopefully B．reflectively C．sympathetically D．irresistibly29.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.A．plight B．polarization C．plague D．pigment30.He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the_____.A. paradoxB. dilemmaC. prejudiceD. conflict31.You must insist that students give a truthful answer __with the reality of their world.A relevantB simultaneousC consistentD practical32.There was no positive evidence that any birth_____had arisen as a result of Vitamin A intake.A. defectsB. woundsC.signsD. scars33.The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A．outgrew B．overthrew C．overpassed D．overflew34.It was clear that the storm ______ his arrival by two hours.A．retarded B．retired C．refrained D．retreated35.The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.A laymenB servantsC directorsD attendants36.The human voice often sounds__ on the telephone.A twistedB irregularC distortedD deformed37.The professor found himself constantly ____ the question: “How could anyone do these things?"A presidingB poringC ponderingD presuming38.Weeks ____ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A terminatedB elapsedC overlappedD expired39.In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which ____ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A relieveB reconcileC reclaimD rectify40.Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs41.It is ______ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his hearing will remain forever unspoken.A．uncommunicatively B．acceptably C．tacitly D．taciturnly42.The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial43.After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A deterioratedB dispersedC dissipatedD drained44.Each of the area managers enjoys considerable in the running of his own area.A. autonomyB. dignityC. monopolyD. stability45.There is an unquestionable link between job losses and services.A. descendingB. decliningC. deterioratingD. depressing46.The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries.A provokedB irritatedC inspiredD hoisted47.There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to＿＿.A. identifyB. AuthorizeC. JustifyD. Rationalize48.The director gave me his ________ that he would double my pay if I did my jobwell.A warrantB obligationC assuranceD certainty49.In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.A gloomyB miserableC shadowyD obscure50.Hotel rooms must be _____ by noon, but luggage maybe left with the porter.A. departedB. abandonedC. vacatedD. displaced51.Nothing in the essay is______every sentence contributes in an essential way to the overall meaning.A. superfluousB.querulousC.paramountD.mandatory52.Sally,thoroughly convinced of her own importance, often acts without______:she feels no guilt, for example, about appropriating her brother's possessions.punctionB.gratificationC.aplombD.indignation53.The respect accorded choreographer Martha Graham by her students and colleagues alike was so great that it amounted to ______A.exasperationmiserationC. venerationD.reconciliation54.As advocates of free speech confront those who would regulate entertainment strictly,the debate over shocking content in movies will likely______A abate B.concur C.mediate D. escalate55.Some psychologists argue that a______of choices can be paralyzing,since too many options can impede meaningful selection.A.prohibitionB.manifestationC.misapplicationD. plethora56.Celia Tomlinson personifies______:she overcame poverty,language barriers,and discrimination to found,own,and operate her own engineering company.A.tenacityB.nonchalanceC. .munificenceD.expediency57.The speaker announced that her primary focus would be on broad global concerns rather than______issues.A.contemporaryB.substantiveC. parochialD.pervasive58.Cito Gaston,one of the least______baseball managers,surprised reporters by weeping openly after his team won the play-offs.A.somberB.demonstrativeC. wistfulD.bountiful59.The beared dragon lizard is a voracious eater, so______that it will consume as many insects as possible.A.abstemiousB..unpalatableC.slovenlyD.insatiable60.Favoring economy of expression in writing, the professor urged students toward a ______ rather than an______prose style.A.spare...ornateB.terse...opinionatedC.personal...academicD.baroque...emellished61.The professor's presentation was both______and______:though brief,it was instructive.A.verbose...mundaneB.concise...elaborateprehensive...edifyingD.succinct...enlightening62.The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to ______ students′enthusiasm in learning English.A．hold back B．hold off C．hold down D．adopt 63.There are three bodies of writing that come to ＿＿＿this question and we will consider each in turn.A．bear on B．sort out C．figure out D．put on 64.Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to ______ the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers.A．live up to B．mark down C．size up D．play down65.Despite all the evidence to the contrary ,the witness ______ that his story was true.A. stuck outB. stood outC. kept downD. held up66.All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled67.They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A. installB. to installC. to be installedD. installed68.The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the companyA. have toldB. be toldC. being toldD. having told69.Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in preliterate societies in order to attract good health or to _______ disease.A set asideB ward offC shrug offD give away70.I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A put in B. put down C. put on D. put up71.You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left72. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain73.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened74.Although a teenager, Fred could resist _____ what to do and what not to do.A. to be toldB. having been toldC. being toldD. to have been told75.Barry had an advantage over his mother ______ he could speak French.A. since thatB. in thatC. at thatD. so that76.There is______what will happen to them.A. no tellingB. not tellingC. not to tellD. not to be told77.The commander said to his troops that under no circumstances______to step across the border.A. the enemy should be allowedB. should the enemy be allowedC. should allow the enemyD. the enemy should allow78.To be frank, I’d sooner you______a good review yesterday for the coming test.A. h adn’t doneB. d idn’t doC. cou ldn’t have doneD. w ouldn’t do79.We have made great achievements, but it does not ______ that there are no shortcomings.A result inB lead toC followD cause80.The goods are sold at reduced prices, ______ .A. the defects are pointed out to the customersB. the defects pointed out to the customersC. the defects have been pointed out to the customersD. the defects being pointed out to the customers81.The ship cut her way __ the waves.A downB throughC offD up82.Any possible solution to the Irish question can only come____through dialogue.A. aboutB. acrossC. aroundD. at83.This does not mean not ___ what we wanted to do.A to be doingB to have doneC doingD having done84.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not__.A on viewB at a glanceC on the sceneD in sight85.According to the law which he later produced, everything in the universe attracts everything else towards .A. itB. everythingC. itselfD. each86.Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but___the birth rate is getting higher and higher.A. as it wereB. as it isC. as it wasD. as is it87.Water is to fish____atmosphere is to men.A. thatB. soC. whatD. so does88.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is__ loud continuous noise.A subjected toB filled withC associated withD attached to89.________ I would like to stay, I really must go home.A.Much asB. In spite ofC. DespiteD. As90.Attendances at basketball matches have____since the coming of television.A dropped inB dropped downC dropped offD dropped out91. Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages ________television, radio and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.[ A ] via [ B] amid [ C ] past [ D ] across92. A man has to make __ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.[ A ] supply [ B ] assurance [ C ] provision [ D ] adjustment93. The government agency responsible for the________ of such standards was the FCC.[ A ] approval [ B ] proposition [ C ] consent [ D ] agreement94. When travelling, you are advised to take the travelers' checks, which providea secure________ carrying your money in cash.[ A ] substitute [ B ] selection [ C ] preference [ D ] alternative95. My students found the book: it provided them with an abundance of ________information on the subject.[ A] enlightening [ B ] confusing [ C ] distracting [ D ] amusing96. The doctor was asked to go back to the hospital because of______ case.[ A ] an operation [ B ] an emergency [C ] a treatment [ D ] an incident97. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or __ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.[ A ] adapted [ B ] acknowledged [ C ] assembled [ D ] appointed98. The problem has simply______ because you didn't follow my instructions.[ A ] raised [ B ] aroused [ C ] risen [ D ] arisen99. To my surprise, the house which looked rather shabby outside was luxuriously and ___ furnished inside.[ A ] artificially [ B ] arbitrarily [ C ] arrogantly [ D ] artistically100. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are ___free medical care.[ A ] entitled to [ B ] involved in [ C ] associated with [ D ] assigned to参考答案1—5 DCAAA6—10 BABBA11—15 DDDCD16—20 CCABC21—25 BDBBA26—30 BCAAD31—35 CADAD36—40 CCBAA41—45 CBDAD 46—50 AACAC 51—55 AACDD 56—60 ACBDA 61—65 DCADA 66—70 DADBD 71—75 ACBCB 76—80 ABACB 81—85 BACDC 86—90 BCAAC 91—95 ACADA 96—100 BADDA。
英语考博语法
（一）考博英语语法：独立主格1. 充当句子的状语。
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词4. With + 名词(代词) + 分词(形容词)例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).真题剖析(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.45. A. ForB. AsC. WithD. Because练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do__9__ you really want to do.8. A. isB. havingC. beingD. be（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气(2)1. (should)+动词原形It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式would rather +动词过去式真题剖析(1997) …I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …47. A. doB. didC. don’tD. didn’t(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.53. A. orderedB. pleadedC. decidedD. demanded练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.15. A. tookB. would takeC. will takeD. should take(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even__54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)54.A. shallB.willC.wouldD.should（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词动名词、分词、不定式。
博士英语考试要点总结(完美版)-整合word版本
博士英语考试要点总结(完美版) 整合博士英语复习资料分数组成：卷面80分+出勤10分+口试10分卷面：一. 听力选择（放2遍）：1分*10=10分二. 给出后缀，要求写出它的意思，并以此后缀造词并写出中文意思：分*10=5分三、单复数的变化四. 选择正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文（神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药理）：本题出自各章课后习题Multiple choice部分：1分*10=10分五. 2段英翻中（医学科普）：5分*2=10分2段中翻英（一般为中医）：内容包括证、病机、症状、治则的翻译,书中以肺为例，考试中可以变为脾等脏。
详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的IX、X、XI：10分*2=20分六. 给一段中文科普文章，翻译成80字左右的英文摘要七. 作文：Economic Growth and Environment(80字) A4纸手写、不能从网上下，夹在卷子里：10分一．复数形式（教科书P42~43）Ampulla—Ampullae 尾突（另有一意思为壶腹）Corona—Coronae 冠状Vertebra—Vertebrae 脊椎Bronchus—Bronchi 支气管Capillus—Capili 毛发Fungus—Fungi 真菌Omphalos—Omphali 脐Genus—Genera 属Stercus—Stercora 粪Gonad—Gonades 性腺Testis—Testes 睾丸Diagnosis—Diagnoses 诊断Psychosis—Psychoses 精神病Epididymis—Epididymides 附睾Thorax—Thoraces 胸部Appendix—Appendices 阑尾Pollex—Pollices 拇指Meninx—Meninges 脑脊膜Caries—Caries龋齿Derma—Dermata 真皮，皮肤Sarcoma—Sarcomata 肉瘤Stoma—Stomata 口Flagellum—Flagella 鞭毛Labium—Labia 唇Protozoon—Protozoa 原生动物格（p17~p20）及课后练习题I的所有单词。
北大考博英语真题语法现在完成时的用法
北大考博英语真题语法现在完成词和现代完成进行词的用法1.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的语法结构：have/has+-ed分词。
(1)已完成用法：表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间(常指最近的过去时间)，现存已经完成了，并与现在的情况有联系。
例如：He has bought a car.他已买了一辆汽车。
(2)未完成用法：指动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。
例如：I’ve lived here since1999.从1999年我就住在这里。
题例1.This is one ofthe most diligent students that I_____.A.even have knownB.have ever knownC.knowD.knew【答案】B【解析】现在完成时表示：迄今为止这一段时间的情况：|一个影响现状的动作;刚刚结束的动作;过去的经验。
其形式：“have(has)+过去分词”。
【参考译文】这是我所见过的最勤奋的学生之一。
题例2.He_____Beijing for five years.A.has come toB.has been inC.has arrivedD.has gone to【答案】B【解析】现在完成时在与表示一段时间的状语连用时，不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如open，break，go，come，arrive，die，leave 等，可与表示状态或持续性动作的动词连用。
【参考译文】他来北京已5年了。
题例3.It_____a long time since we last met.A.has beenB.will be c.was D.had been【答案】A【解析】在“it is/has been…since”结构中，主句常用现在完成时，也可用一般时，在since后面要用过去时。
【参考译文】我们已经很长时间没见面了。
考博英语长难句结构分析经典一百句
考博长难句结构分析最新经典一百句1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
考博英语词汇语法试题及答案
考博英语词汇语法试题及答案2017考博英语词汇语法试题及答案1. Some women ________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made2. A light with no more power than ________ by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A. as is producedB. that producedC. that is producedD. produced3. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone________ what lay beneath the surface.A. askingB. askC. to askD. be asked4.Even if they are on sale, these ________refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, at the other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones5. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A. areB. isC. doD. has[答案解析]D这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。
考博英语常见知识点汇总
Whisper 小声细语Proclaim大声宣告reclaim纠正，收回acclaim欢呼，喝彩claim 要求，声称Deteriorate使土地变坏，恶化Criticize批评object反对不及物动词objectto/against oppose反对，及物动词，直接跟宾语反对某种观点或计划frown皱眉frownon不同意Renown声誉名望prominence卓越，显著的地位authority权威，专家，当局Intensify加剧enforce迫使Feasible可行的appropriate合适的apt有……倾向的，恰当的Countenance面容，表情Hindrance阻碍Patriotisms爱国主义Reproach斥责beyond reproach无可指责的reprehend斥责Plague 瘟疫，灾害，折磨Avail 利用，效益，有利于availoneselfofsth 利用Indulge沉溺于，放纵indulgeinLaudatory赞美的lascivious好色的，淫荡的languish憔悴的lethargic昏睡的，无生气的Fill one’s prescription 给某人开处方Tobeblamefor主动结构表示被动意义，不能采用blame的被动形式Bechargedwith被控告denounce公然抨击Identical同一的，完全相同的superficial表面的，肤浅的Atbest最多allength最后，详细的inbulk大量的，详细的ineffect实际上Getby过得去，过活getaround出行V oluntarily自动的，以自由意识的compulsorily强制的Eliminate 消除，淘汰dispose处理，处置exclude排除extinguish熄灭，扑灭abolish 对法律习俗的废除Accommodate提供住宿/房间，迎合，迁就furnish提供生活或某种用途需要的东西Admit说服，再三追问下承认confess坦白，招认concede勉强不得不承认Affiliate加入，成为……的一部分Stretch延展，延伸stretchone’smind绞尽脑汁reinforce加固，增援Bewilder使困惑，茫然perplex使疑虑不安Compel 强迫，迫使，使用权力/力量迫使Constrain力劝，强迫更强调内心的情感的迫使Force强迫（暴力威胁）常用被动语态Oblige（法律/习俗）强迫常用被动语态Confinement限制，囚禁restraint克制，抑制Credible可信的，可靠的credulous轻信的plausible似乎可信Transcend超出，超越（一般经验/常识）难以为大众理解Feasible可行的practicable可行的practical实用的pragmatic 实用的，务实的Refrain抑制，禁止不及物动词正式refrainfromRestrain限制及物动词restrainsbfromdoingsthconstrain限制，力劝及物动词subordinate次要的，从属的，下级的acquire经过努力逐渐获得的知识/才能/习惯等attain经过努力获得不曾预料的结果，达到某一目标obtain获得，买到，正式语体gain通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，或军事武力夺取adjust微小的改变或技术调整amend正式修改法律文件等alter使事物在外观/性质/用途方面稍作改变striveforsuperiorityovertheirpeers力争优于同龄人plight困境polarization极化，对立plague 折磨tentative实验性的decisive决定性的soar飙升mutate突变plummet暴跌fluctuate波动sophisticated复杂的，世故的shrink收缩inscribe雕刻decorate装饰maintain保持BIMequalsbodymassdividedbythesquareofheight. 公式BIM=体重/身高的平方Inessence事实上inturn依次Qualityas被认为Groundedinhealthconcerns基于对健康的关注Aroundthe corner 在拐角处，迫在眉睫，即将到来Takeover接管Withdraw有“提款，取款”的含义fundsa re withdrawn from the issuer’s accounts. Copewith处理，解决fightagainst对抗，抵制Concernwith关心，挂念concernfor关心，对……的关心Controlover控制，支配Taketo喜欢takeafter与……相像takeon承担takewith将……带上Becapableof能够Down-trodden被压迫的Explosivepopulationgrowth人口爆炸A torrentofmigration移民潮Bytheturnsofthe century在世纪之交Miracle奇迹miseries痛苦，灾难Makelifelessthan complete使人生不完整因果关系thus表示结果for表示原因Utterly十分，完全的arrogant傲慢amusingepisode有趣的插曲drawn疲惫的whimsical 异想天开，古怪edict法令，告示Pass around by word of mouth 口头相传Improviseout of ……即兴而发Deduce 推断，演绎Time-honored 历史悠久的Aninflated ego 膨胀的自我pant喘气，气喘吁吁的讲panttoBrim边缘fulltothebrim满满当当sortout整理Forallthat尽管grantedthat即使despitethe fact that 不管（引导让步状语从句）Conformto 遵照，顺从Proponent支持者，提倡者predecessor前辈belittle贬低Improvisation即兴创作dogged顽固的prodigious惊人的jettison抛弃Elaborate精心制作的watershed分水岭，流域astounding令人震惊的Raucous喧闹的Dogmaticexplanation教条的解释indignantdenial愤怒的拒绝Enthusiasticpraise热情的赞扬speculativestudy思辨的研究Proposition 命题demographic人口统计学Dropout退出groundless毫无根据，莫须有Spectacularly壮观的Emit排放greenhousegases温室气体Protest抗议politicking政治活动Holistic整体的Be fascinatedwith sth. 对……很是着迷Inbad shape一团糟pastime消遣，娱乐Liveoff住在……外，靠……生活AearnB’s living A 争钱养活B，B靠A养活Takein接受，接待；吸收，理解；包括；轻信；注意到；欺骗Ontheside兼职，另外Contend竞争，主张，声明Bringin引进，带来，生产Multifarious五花八门Perception感知，观念perspective观点Miscellaneous杂项miscellaneousdomains多项领域Foritsown sake 为了其自己的利益pursuit追求knowledge pursuit Orient东方的，标定方向，使……成为东方oriented导向的，定向的CareerorientedaspectDestination目标workingskill-orienteddestinationPrevailing盛行的，普遍的prevailingsenseCradle摇篮nurture培育，滋养be taken as the cradle tonurture dreams Chaseup 追求survive in the fierce competition在激烈的竞争中生存下去broadeneyes拓宽眼界satisfythe natural curiosity 满足好奇心cultivate acreativemindexplore the answers for the meaning of lifegive rise to lead toprevail over 战胜prevailing 流行prevail取胜，占优势，盛行prevailon/upon劝说，诱使I’m not a believer in the agreement that ……practicalneed实际需要offersatisfiedanswerto the practical need of each studenta case in point 一个例子letalone更不用说notto mentionfind themselves in an awkward situation whereinvariably 不变的carrya duel role 扮演双层角色arousedby激起，引起run into difficult 遇到困难tackle解决to tackle this problemtake priority over 优先taketheupperhand占上风business prosperity商业繁荣indispensable 不可或缺的mutual相互的mutualrelationshipbetweenAandBtake severe measures 采取严厉的措施adept熟练，内行，老手averse不喜欢的，厌恶的affectation假装，做作aptitude才能，天资denounce告发，斥责renounce正式放弃pronounce宣告，断言apprise通知，告知appraise评估，鉴定assent同意dissent不同意ascent上升descent下降retire退休retreat后退，撤退retract收缩，收回retard延迟，迟缓refrain抑制，禁止optimal最优，最佳oppressed压迫的takepriorityover优先于segregation种族隔离，分离specification说明书subscription捐献，订阅dispense发放dispose处理disperse分散，驱散dispatch调度，派遣contaminate污染culminate达到高潮contract合同incentive激励fugitive逃亡equality平等equation方程式equivalent等价物equity公平concise简洁的decisive决定性的，果断的decline减少incline俯身recline躺下，靠reflect反应inflect曲折变化deflect偏离inflexible灵活的affluent富足的fluent流畅的fluctuate波动，欺负affirm坚定不移的肯定或声称assert不管事实如何，主观自信的宣称或清楚有利的支持allege无凭无据的情况下宣称断定claim要求声称，断言，多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张aggravate加重（负担，罪行，病情等）reinforce增援，一般用于军队或警察活动detach拆开组合的物体，远离，疏远divide将整体分为若干部分ambiguous意义含糊，有歧义的指因字词句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清，难以理解和把握obscure 因光线不足而看不清，引申为语法文字记忆因复杂深奥模棱两可而使人难以理解vague含混不清楚的，因逻辑不清言辞笼统而导致意义不清楚轮廓形状不清楚unclear句意字迹不清楚blame 责怪，归咎于blamesb for ding sth condemn谴责，用于正式严肃的场合reproach（书面语）责备，表不满scold责骂，训斥brittle易碎的，易损坏的指坚硬的东西fragile必须小心使用才不会碎的东西，引申为体弱虚弱frail体弱的虚弱的或东西易碎的invalid不正确的，无效的boundary边界，界线多指作为界线的标志物border较宽的边缘两国分界附近边缘地带frontier边界，边疆引申为未开发的领域学术前沿verge道路花坛边缘，某事即将发生之际on the verge of warbrief 简明扼要简短的时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了虽短却不失体面concise简要精炼保留主要部分curt三言两语，简短的，草率的succinct简明的，简洁的，简练的用词简练component零部件（某事物）组成部分element元素，组成部分，方面factor因素，要素ingredient原料，成分，要素abideby遵守，同意adhereto遵守conformto遵守，符合complywith遵守，服从（正式）comprise包含，包括，组成compose构成be composed of (被动语态) consist构成consistof主动语态constitute构成conserve保存保藏保护（节约）reserve保留，储备订座位preserve保护维持保养continual连续不断频繁时有发生continuous连续不断的中间不停顿constant 不断经常始终如一的经常出现incessant不停的持续不断的令人厌烦的不断出现中间可能有停顿convert转换，转变（观点）invert使颠倒反向（位置方向）revert归还，回复原状transform改变转变（外观，性质）reproach责备reprehend斥责plague瘟疫灾害折磨avail有利于，利益availsbofsth利用deprive剥夺indulge放任，沉溺于at best 最多atlength最后，详细的inbulk 整批，大批get by 过得去，过活getaway逃脱，离开getaround出行getalong和睦相处get through 被理解向…讲清楚strivefor力争ascertain查明plight困境plague瘟疫tentative暂时的，实验性的soar飙升mutate突变plummet骤跌fluctuate波动negligent懈怠的edible食用的fabulous难以置信的，惊人的，极好的disproportionate 不成比例的passup错过repeal废止，撤销resent怨恨clarity透明的slack使缓慢shrill尖锐torrent连续不断的tensile拉长的textured特征显著的wither枯萎catastrophic灾难性的by virtue of 由于，凭借forthesake of 为了……利益advent到来，出现subsidize资助cast a shadow over 给……罩上阴影soak to the skin 湿透chat away 闲谈in no mood 没心情in the course of 在……的过程中in linewith 与……一致be a match for 配得上，可匹敌的agreeby受到认同resonate with 得到回应none the better for it 不会因为……变得更好，依然如故to the core 彻底的，完全的to the end 到底in custody (法庭审判前)被拘留监禁in jeopardy 处于危险中in suspicion 被怀疑in probation 被缓刑amount to 相当于contributeto 促使……发生dedicate to 将（时间精力）奉献给（工作事业）add to 增添recite prayers 诵经jointly-acquired property 共同获得的财产by account 相反的insidious潜伏的，阴险的thrive兴盛，茁壮成长humiliation羞辱subtle微妙的dozingoff打瞌睡self-reliant独立的self-sufficiency 自给自足bleak昏暗的，凄凉的depict 描绘trail拖沓而行，跟在……后面flinchback退缩desolate荒凉的bustling繁忙的thriving兴旺的fraudulenthappiness虚假的幸福fraudulent欺骗的deluding欺骗euphoric欣快的繁荣昌盛prosperity崎岖不平rough惊天动地earth-shaking典雅大方elegant and graceful轻柔松软soft and light立场坚定firm in stand(将四字词组译为介词/副词/不定式短语)目光远大broad in vision 头脑敏捷swift in wit 业务熟练qualified in profession 才华出众outstanding in talent 风格高尚noble in character思想正确、办事公道correct in their thinking and fair挑拨离间fomentdissensionfoment煽动dissension纠纷兴风作浪stir up disorder纵目眺望as far as sight could reach农民工migrant workers guest workers奢侈无度extravagant 挥金如土spend money like water老黄牛hard-working men水深火热in deep water风驰电掣as quick as lighting捕风捉影to run after shadows人山人海a sea of people摇唇鼓舌to set tongues wagging敲门砖an open sesameHorizon 视野，眼界Publicize 宣传丰富知识、开阔视野enrich one’s knowledge, broaden one’s horizon留学生overseas students人才流失brain drain汉语热Chinese language craze据统计according to statistics高等学校institution of higher education开设汉语课程offer courses of Chinese language主要目的是for the main purpose of从事贸易活动engage in trade activities传达……信息convey a message that低碳生活low carbon life减少二氧化碳排放reduce the emission of carbon dioxideExpenditure 花费，开销Conduct行为，举止；实施be conducted in …manner如今，这股风潮逐渐在中国一些大城市兴起，不知不觉中改变了人们的生活方式Nowadays, this fashion prevails in some big cities of China, altering people’s life before they realize it.Practice 实行节约用电saveelectricity塑料袋plasticbags一次性产品disposableproducts Disposable一次性的，用后即弃的乘坐公共交通工具take public transport节能环保energy-efficient and environmental-friendly大大有利于contribute tremendously to …全球气候变换及环境恶化global warming and environment deterioration Inevitably 不可避免的Stick to traditional principles and beliefsTurn blind eye to keep pace withBe labeled as 被贴上……的标签mutual communication 互相沟通Narrow the generation gapPessimist 悲观者optimist 乐观者gloomy阴郁的distressing惨的，令人痛心的Pessimistic 悲观的optimistic 乐观的Judge the situation from opposite perspective 角度Bring into public view 引入公众视野Engage in employment 从事就业Misconception 误解holdthe misconceptionSpoiltheirchildrenEnrollment注册，报名the expansion of university enrollment 大学扩招Flood into job-hunting marketTake measures to 采取措施Cultivatetheir children independenceTestify 证明Shoulder their obligation 承担他们的义务Real-estate 房地产Reconciled调和，妥协consolidate综合deteriorate恶化Reconcile to 顺从于be reconciled with sb于某人和解reconcilesthwithsth Interrupt 打断某项正在进行的动作bother打扰（语气较轻）interfere未经允许/无权而妨碍，阻挠，干涉他人之事（语气较轻）intervene介入，调停（语气重）Invocation祈祷，符咒obsession痴迷，困扰obsession withVulnerable 易患病的allergic 过敏的Obsolete过时的obscene 猥亵oblique斜的Provision供应provisional临时的sensational轰动的sentimental感情的，多愁善感的Integral完整的instinctive直觉的intangible难以理解的触摸不到的无形的ingenious巧妙地有独创性的Insideandout彻底的Practitioner从业者forerunner 先行者，先驱Come to light 曝光，泄露Turn in 缩小turn over 反过来turn up 找到，出现turn out 结果是Inertness惰性光盘行动“ClearYourPlate” CampaignPropose 建议diner用餐者食客leftover残余的，剩菜take leftover home 将剩菜打包回家全国粮食总产量the national total grain output人为灾害man-made disasterRestraint 限制withoutrestraint无限制，大肆饥饿至死die of starvation资源短缺shortage of resourcesConfronted with 面对Implement实施implementpoliticsofMeans doing sthRequire sb to do sth随着人们的生活水平和消费水平日益提高with the increasing development of people’ living standard and consumption levelTrash cans 垃圾桶处理成本disposing costEntertain热情招待款待娱乐entertain friends at home去临近的景点游览take a trip to nearby tourist attractions家庭预算紧张tight family budget出游成本不断攀升rising travel cost节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路（expressway）、城市道路拥堵（congestion），是促使他们家中度假的两大原因overcrowded tourist sites, congestion of expressways and city roads are the two major factors contributing to their staycation. Conspicuous明显的，突出的Bottomline底线reducetheir bottom lineRoba child of his/her childhood 掠夺From my own perspective for my partCeremoniously隆重地gather ceremoniously 隆重集会Obligations 义务，债务（可数名词）履行权利与义务perform the responsibilities and obligations建立社会主义制度establish a socialist systemCorruption 腐败，贪污root out a corruption 根除腐败rootout根除，肃清Vigor生机vitality活力展现生机与活力display vigor and vitality Comprehensive综合的，广泛的，有理解力的comprehensivenational strength 增强综合国力competitiveness 竞争力增强综合国力和国际竞争力enhance comprehensive national strength and international competitivenessEdge into 慢慢挤进，慢慢取得rank等级，行列进入国际先进行列edge into advanced ranks in the world解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing与日俱增increase every day实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes fulfill履行（诺言），达到（目的）Forge锻造，捏造forgea people’s army 锻造一支人民军队国防national defense build a strong national defense 建立巩固的国防进行和谈hold peace talks修改法律amend the laws遵循规则follow the principles principle 原则，准则把理论与实际结合起来integrate theory with practiceRally 召集，集合增强凝聚力enhance the rally powerResume继续，重新开始，摘要，概略，建立结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talksStrategic 战略性的readjustment调整进行战略性调整make strategic readjustmentBackwardness 落后摆脱贫穷与落后get rid of poverty and backwardnessBring about 实现实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity Infringement 侵犯，违反，违背保护妇女的权利不受侵犯guarantee women’s right against infringement把……看作社会公敌look upon…as a threat to society恐怖主义terrorismTap 开发，汲取，割，轻声走，阀门，塞子Favor欢心，支持，照顾，促成开发/青睐中国市场tap/ favor the Chinese market有巨大潜力have huge potential for…阻碍handicap/hamperInvest投资，调查，授予有望达到be expected to reach造成很大压力pose a big pressure onAccount for 说明原因，导致，引起（在数量/比例上）占，对……负责Occupy占领，使用，从事占市场的10% occupy /take /account for 10 percent of the market加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuringAnti-monopoly 反垄断采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures to加速努力speed up efforts to建立分公司set up branches inPolicy 政策，策略把……列为基本国策list……as fundamental national policies发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages开拓市场exploit market扩大消费市场expand consumption market扩大/缩小贫富差距expand /narrow the gap between the rich and the poor提供巨大商机present huge business opportunities赶超先进surpass the advanced遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economyOrientation 方向，定位，方针，任职培训gear接上，调和，使适应根据市场做出调整gear oneself to the market orientation牟取暴利seek excessive profits excessive 过分的，极度的提高公务员工资raise the salaries of civil servants计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior下岗职工laid-off workers通货膨胀inflation损失惨重suffer great losses制造假象create smoke screens to do陷入困境land oneself in deep trouble被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribesDisclose 公开，揭露举报非法行为disclose illegal activities活跃市场enliven the market十分重视attach importance to大力发展strive to developDomestic 国内的刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand打破垄断break the monopoly调整产业结构adjust industrial structure开展对外文化交流conduct culture exchange with other countriesStrong point 长处，特长draw on 利用，借鉴博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of cultures of other countriesMass大量的，集中的，群众的mass media 大众传媒mass production 大规模生产mass organization 社团开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture继承carry onCompetent 有能力的，能干的，称职的，胜任的，适合的competent people 人才Achievement of culture advancement 文化建设的成就加强文化基础设施建设build more culture establishment提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization改进教学improve teaching and learning文化遗产culture heritage /relicsBrand-new 全新的，崭新的以全新的面貌进入新世纪enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look通过资格考试pass qualification examinationsCompulsory 义务的，必须做的普及九年义务教育make nine-year compulsory education universalPopularized普及，使流行make…universalCompile编制，编辑，收集编写教材compile the textbooks承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations促进相互了解promote mutual understanding相互促进help each other forward互派访问学者exchange visiting scholarsAccommodate 容纳，适应，提供住处，帮忙发挥聪明才智develop one’s own talent and wisdomIntellectuals 知识分子initiative 主动性n.自发的，初步的adj.充分发挥知识分子的积极性与创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals开设课程offer courses重视实用性place stress on practicalityPirate 海盗船，盗版者，强盗n. 抢劫，剽窃，盗用v.pirated software 盗版软件有力地推动教育发展give a big push to the development of education承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future / inherit the past and user in the future物质文明，精神文明一起抓pay equal attention on material progress and mental progress形成文明/健康/崇尚科学的社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practiceEcological environment 生态环境eco-environmentEco-construction 生态建设防治污染prevent and control pollution加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city保护森林conservation of forest帮助减缓全球变暖的速度help slow down the pace of global warming Infrastructure 基础设施完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure Sustainable 可持续的，可忍受的促进可持续性发展promote sustainable developmentSolar 太阳的，日光的，利用太阳能的solar energy 太阳能清洁能源clean energy resourcesFuel 燃料，食物，加油，激起使用清洁能源burn clean fuelImplement 实施，执行v. 工具器械，手段实行严格的排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standardsTackle 用具，装备，阻挡n. 着手处理，解决，应付v.治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problem of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance of saving resourcesExploitation 开发，剥削，利用，广告推销采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods削减污染物排放decrease the disposal of pollutionsCensus 人口普查，统计进行全国人口普查carry out national population census总人口为have a population ofPrivate life 私生活Transition过渡，转变，变迁Bring about 实现，造成，引起，使船掉头实现向低出生，低死亡，低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about the transition of modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growing rate过孤独的生活lead an isolated lifeUrban residents 城市居民Ideology意识形态，思想思想和观念ideology and concepts对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their childrenUndermine 逐渐削弱，从根基处破坏，挖墙脚逐渐削减长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resourcesMorality 道德，道德观，品德高尚的行为损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society提高人口素质improve the population quality优化人口结构optimize the population structure优生优育bear and rear better children rear 养育尊重和保障人权respect and guarantee human rightsSubsistence存活，生计Safeguard 维护，防护措施维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote people’s rights to subsistence and development坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning取得世界杯决赛的资格qualify for the World Cup finals qualify for 有资格，晋级展现技能demonstrate their skillsTeam title 团体冠军win the team title急于获胜gain an eagerness to winRecognition 认可Wretched恶劣的，不幸的，悲惨的打破恶性循环break the wretched cycleEngender 产生，造成，引起Spur刺激，加速促使spur us on to doLay a solid foundation on 打下基础Make a first draft of 打草稿Bring our talent into full playGive full play to 充分发挥Conscientious认真负责的，本着良心的，谨慎的be conscientious for Publicize 宣传Attach great importance to /take the matter seriously 重视Numerous 无数的，数不清的Indispensable 不可或缺的Migrantworkers农民工Urbanization城市化Irreversible process不可逆过程Unprecedented 前所未有的，史无前例的Insightful富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的insightful perspective Conspicuously 显著的，明显的Dweller居民city dwellersIn all walks of life 在各行各业Industriously努力的，辛勤的labor industriously 辛勤劳动Despise鄙视，看不起Once in a while 时不时，偶尔Deferring 推迟，拖延Penalty处罚financial penalty 罚款Moral denouncement 道德谴责Incur招致，引起be incurred toOffenders 犯罪者，犯规者，妨碍的人Painstaking不辞辛劳地painstakingeffortsRepression压迫recession萧条Have access to （抽象的）进入Haveenough scope for 有足够的余地/机会Snatch抽空做，抓紧机会做scratch擦，刮scrap扔弃，摔毁seize抓住Exhaustible 用的尽的exhaustive 无遗漏的Plaudit拍手喝彩称赞plenary十足的完全的platitude陈词滥调平凡Erosion侵害侵蚀depletion损耗violation违背delusion错觉Eclectic折中的Sensation感觉知觉激动轰动exaggeration夸大Excessive过多的exclusive 专有的独占的除外的distractfrom分散注意力discern辨别分清dissuadesb. From doing 劝阻facet方面小平面format构成设计formula方案规则prevail流行盛行获胜preside主持perish毁灭使麻木死persecute迫害counterfeit 伪造假冒discourteous失礼的无礼貌的prudent节俭的谨慎的benevolent善意的慈善的obstinate倔强的顽固的be reconciled to sth. 甘于consolidate巩固sanction同意许可warrant 证明保护malignance 恶意有害shroud覆盖遮蔽unveil显露除去面纱decay腐烂deprive剥夺notorious声名狼藉的superfluous过剩的countenance面容脸色concession让步curse诅咒echo 随声附和hail 欢呼欢迎sophisticated尖端的复杂的先进的老练的scrupulous小心谨慎的细心的clamorous吵闹的大喊大叫的camouflaged 掩饰的伪装的edible可食用的fabulous传说的神话的disproportionate 不均衡的不相称的extravagance奢侈铺张opulence富裕asceticism禁欲主义苦行byandlarge一般来说大体上callon看望拜访召唤break out 爆发突然发生break in 插嘴闯入训练break through 突破克服挣脱而出break off 突然停止中断脱落暂停forall尽管虽然cometo苏醒达到总数为继承停止comearound 再现恢复知觉回来改变看法comethrough 经历获得成功脱险传出捐助come into 进入继承…起来加入come across 来到偶遇come round 来过访绕道而来苏醒转变改主意笼络comeby从旁边过得到取得经过come about 发生产生转变方向comeout in 以…方式出来live up to 不辜负make a fuseof 小题大做大惊小怪fall back to 求助于转而依靠at its core 从根本上be entitled to 授权给……权力给……定名be assigned to 指派go back on 违背诺言go in for 从事爱好参加考试go through with 经历仔细检查用完参加履行搜查go along with 支持赞同随行hand in 交上递交hand out 分发散发hand down 传递下去hand over 交出移交in honor of 为纪念……庆祝in accordance with 与…一致按照根据lay out 设计安排展示lay off 解雇休息lay down 放下拟定规定lay aside 放一旁收起积累makefor快速走向向前进促进make out 理解辨认出书写填写说明设法应付make up to 巴结讨好make up for补偿in the light of 鉴于由于按照根据by virtue of 由于因为run over 匆匆看一眼浏览碾过run into 偶然碰到与相撞run through 浏览匆匆读完rundown耗尽撞到衰退减少说坏话贬低run across 撞见碰见run out 用完耗尽setout动身出发开始陈述测定宣布移植set about 开始散步攻击着手set forth 阐明宣布提出陈列出发set aside 留出不顾取消驳回putout熄灭关灯生产出出版precaution 预防警惕concession让步transaction 办理处理学报交易事务处理事物give away 送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步pass away 去世while away 消磨fade away 逐渐凋谢慢慢减弱induce 劝诱促使导致deduce 推论演绎出seduce 诱使Heartiness诚实热心harshness 粗糙的事物严肃刺耳uprightness 正直的Be absorbed in 全神贯注于专心于Detach 分开分离分遣Conform to符合遵照answer to 适应符合attribute to 归因于Collide with 冲突comply with 照做coincide with 符合cope with 竞争应付Perpetual永久的pathetic 可怜的悲惨的Resolutely 毅然坚决的indecisively 优柔寡断的prematurely过早的早熟地Fall out 争吵发生fall behind 落后fall in 排队到期fall through 未能实现Getoff下来出发被容忍逃脱惩罚get in 进入收回get on 骑上进展get on one’s nerves 令人不安get through 完成度过get across 越过通过被理解get over 克服爬过熬过恢复原谅get along 生活相处融洽进展有起色Go for 选择袭击适用于go by 从旁边走过依照顺便走访go up 上升增长go off 离开去世消失睡去爆炸发射进行变质Add up to 合计达stand up to 勇敢地抵抗Conclude结束终止决定seclude隔离exclude排除include 包括Wear off 逐渐减少wear out 穿破磨损疲乏耗尽wipeout消灭垮台Proficiency 熟练精通Bring out 使显示出版生产bring to 使恢复知觉bring into force 使生效实施bringin生产挣得介绍引进V oid空的无人的无效的无用地没有的voidof 缺乏void of interestedOn the fly 在飞行中不工作闲混in the issue结果on the sly 秘密地偷偷地Infect 感染传染inflict 造成afflict 使痛苦折磨Substitution代替Respecting 关系到说到with respect to 关于至于as regards 关于至于Play around 玩耍come around 恢复知觉回来talk sb. around 说服Precede领先于在…之前proceed 进行继续下去accede 同意继任recede 后退Aversion厌恶adherence 忠诚坚持黏着incentive 刺激鼓励动机Fancy想象设想认为爱好自负At a disadvantage 处于不利地位Leave over 留下leave out 省去遗漏不考虑leave behind 留下遗留超过leave off 停止不再穿Let go 放开释放发射let loose 释放放出放任let off 放出饶恕准许暂停工作let out 放掉泄露放大出租解雇释放let down 失望let alone 不打扰更别提let on 泄露假装See off 送行see to 负责注意Obedient服从的孝顺的obstinate 顽固的倔强的elaborate 精心制作的详细阐述的精细Outlook 展望outbreak 战争爆发疾病发作outcome 结果output 出产Look up 向上看尊敬仰视查询拜访好转look up to 尊敬仰望look on 观看面向旁观看待look through 看穿审核浏览温习从中显露look into 调查观察Fragrance芬芳香气flavor 风情风味香料sour酸的In amount to 总计Aptitude才能天资恰当智能altitude高度高等attitude姿势态度看法Substitute 替代substitute A for B 用A替代BTackle 固定应付处理解决抓住tickle胳肢逗笑使高兴使发痒Exquisite 精致的extravagant 奢侈的exotic 异国情调的eccentric 古怪的Repel拒绝抵制排斥逐退Curb控制约束put /place a curb onParadox矛盾paradise 天堂Impart传授告知portray描写Divert转移转向Alert sb. to the fact that 提醒某人注意…的事实Manifest明显的显然的体现显现Articulate清楚地说（发音清楚的）明确地说anticipate 预期期望Alternate轮流交换Conceive设想以为怀有构思conceive ofEndeavour 努力endeavour to doSustainable可持续的feasible 可行的eligible合格的Subsidiary附属的次要的Revenge 报仇revengeoneselfon sb. 向某人报仇remedy 药补救治疗beyondremedy 不可救药reproach责备revive苏醒复活复兴Explicit清晰的明确的obscure模糊的baffle难住使挫折阻碍mingle混合mingle with /in provoke煽动激怒驱使divert 转向改道eject喷出射出incidence发病率emergence 紧急情况rupture 破裂绝交impetus推动力in search of 寻找in pursuit of 追求in view of 鉴于由于in light of 根据credit信赖assure 确保certify 确认impose征收强加imposetaxes收税twinkle/glitter因高兴而发光sparklewithtears闪烁着泪光overtake追上surpass 胜过nourish滋养transaction交易turnover营业额tempo进度速度mediate斡旋mediate betweentrench 壕沟pavement 人行道junction 道路交叉点collision相撞collaboration合作corrosion 腐蚀confrontation 对抗successive连续的succession连续继承后裔consecutive连续不断的顺序的eternal 永恒的insistent坚持的重复的snatchup夺取snatch at 一把抓住summon召唤summonup振作鼓起watchout当心警觉embark上传着手从事embark on 着手开始做commence开始着手获得学位commence in 起始于commence doing sth. 着手做某事reservation预定保留convention 大会习俗惯例incompatible不相容的矛盾的invalid有病的无效的subtract减去扣除combat格斗战斗conflict冲突cruise巡航Pacific太平洋glide滑行悄悄的走patrol 巡逻penalty处罚financialpenaltyblunder跌跌撞撞地走犯大错愚蠢之举scandal丑闻恶意诽谤commonplace平凡的陈腐的generalized广义的普遍的conform遵守一致conform with /to 符合遵守inspiration 灵感intuition直觉incentive刺激鼓励sentiment思想感情情绪情操revenue收入国家的税收financial revenue 财政收入be proficient at / in doing sth. 熟练精通feeble虚弱的薄弱的无效的trivial琐碎的日常的轻微的toss扔抛tow拖拉hoist升起吊起compatible和谐共处的相容的一致的compact紧密的结实的简洁的concise简洁的简要的resign辞职放弃顺从resignfrom辞职resignto使顺从vulgar粗俗的通俗的本土的elections选举grope探索摸索grope one’s way to 摸索gropefor/ around 搜索暗中摸索intrigue阴谋激起好奇心intrigueagainstsb. 密谋反对某人intriguing 迷人的elicit得出引出诱出induce诱导exclusively专门的排外的extraordinarily非凡的特别的a man of integrity 正直的人rebellion叛乱suppress rebellion 平定叛乱negotiation商议谈判negotiate协商交涉谈判rectify改正校正reconcile调停和解obscure遮掩模糊的consolidate巩固合并统一intensify强化加剧增强expire期满终止开始无效passport护照eternal永恒的无穷的不灭的eternallife永生eternaltruths/verities永恒的真理offensive无理的冒犯的唐突的extinguish熄灭扑灭灭绝v.extinct灭绝的a. extinction灭绝n.arbitrary武断的专横的任意的。
2015年考博英语语法真题重点整理(3)
2015年考博英语语法真题重点整理（3）—动词的句型1、常见的动词句型（1）在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。
例如： She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising．她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。
I watched them rehearsing the play．我看他们排演戏。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face．我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。
（2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。
例如：I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。
We found him waiting to receive us．我们发现他正等着接待我们。
（3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。
go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。
如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling 打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。
I’ll go camping tomorrow．我明天去露营。
I’ll go shopping．我去商店。
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗?（4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做…I am busy writing my thesis．我正忙着写论文。
考博英语(语法)练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．______a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.A．Obtaining notB．Not obtainingC．Not having obtainedD．Not obtained正确答案：C解析：在这个句子中，已经发生的事情(没有买到票)对后来的事情(看电视)产生了影响，所以应该用现在分词的完成式。
因此，答案是C。
知识模块：语法2．How can I ever concentrate if you______continually ______ me with silly questions?A．have, interruptedB．had, interruptedC．are, interruptingD．were, interrupted正确答案：C解析：在这个句子中，continually的意思是“不断地，频繁地”。
continually 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，所以，句子应该用现在进行时。
因此，答案是C。
知识模块：语法3．As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.A．need not have dressed upB．must not have dressed upC．did not need to dress upD．must not dress up正确答案：A解析：在这个句子中，句意表达的意思是：不必要做某事，但事实上却做了某事。
在题目提供的四个选项中，needn’t have done表示“过去不必做某事，但事实上却做了”。
所以，答案是A。
知识模块：语法4．They moved to Portland in 1998 and lived in a big house, ______to the south.A．the windows of which openedB．the windows of it openedC．its windows openedD．the windows of which opening正确答案：A解析：本题中空格处需填的内容用来引导定语从句，由于本句的时态是一般过去式，所以定语从句中的谓语动词用过去式，因此A项为正确答案。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编25(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编25(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．These machines have raised______ many times.A．proficiencyB．frequencyC．efficiencyD．effect正确答案：C解析：efficiency n.效率；功效(如：to increase efficiency．She admired his efficiency．)。
proficiency n.熟练，精通。
frequency n.次数，频繁；频率，出现率。
effect n.结果；效果，作用，影响。
2．The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______. (2013年北京航空大学考博试题)A．efficiencyB．revenuesC．privilegesD．validity正确答案：A解析：本题考查单词词义。
A项意为“效率”；B项意为“收入”；C项意为“特权”：D项意为“发展，新阶段”。
本句意为既然已经发现了问题，他们必须商定合适的行动方案。
course of action意为“行动方针”，A项符合题意。
3．You should hire a more ______ manager than the one you currently have.A．sufficientB．effectiveC．respectiveD．efficient正确答案：D解析：efficient a.效率高的，有能力的。
sufficient a.足够的，充分的。
effective a.有效的，效力高的；(规章)生效的。
考博英语(语法)练习试卷25(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）练习试卷25(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．I’m surprised at there______an index.A．not to beB．to be notC．not beingD．being not正确答案：C解析：考查的知识点是独立主格结构。
根据独立主格结构的规则及否定词的位置规则推出正确答案是C选项。
句意为：我很惊奇竟然没有索引。
知识模块：语法2．1______this soup. 1______pepper in it.A．am tasting...am tastingB．am tasting...tasteC．taste...am tastingD．taste...have tasted正确答案：B解析：考查的知识点是动词时态问题。
一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。
而现在进行时表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
根据句子意思推出正确答案是B选项。
句意为：我在品尝汤，里面有胡椒。
知识模块：语法3．______, explorers could never have found the cave.A．But ior the fissure had been spottedB．If not the fissure had been spottedC．Had the fissure not been spottedD．Had not the fissure been spotted正确答案：D解析：考查的知识点是虚拟语气。
正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were，had，should等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面。
如果句中没有were，had或should时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。
因此正确答案是D选项。
如：Were I to meet him tomorrow(=If I were to meet him tomorrow)，I should ask him about it．(要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。
考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. GrammarGrammar1．Whoever has skills and knowledge in this country, I believe, should be properly treated and rewarded______his educational background and family origin.(浙江大学2009年试题)A．despite ofB．regardless ofC．let aloneD．because of正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：despite of“尽管”；regardless of“不管”；let alone “更不用说”；because of“由于”。
所以，正确答案是B。
2．It is imperative that students______their term papers on time.(中南大学2007年试题)A．have to hand inB．handed inC．hand inD．would hand in正确答案：C解析：本题考查的是虚拟语气。
句子的意思是：学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。
It is imperative／necessary／important等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词可用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略，所以正确答案为C。
3．The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck,______to the truck.(中南大学2007年试题)A．the stress is greaterB．the greater the stressC．the greater stress isD．greater is the stress正确答案：C解析：本题考查的是形容词的固定搭配。
2023年考博英语词汇语法练习题附答案详解
考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、全真模拟试题1. Although ______Spanish, he attended the course.A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge ofD. knows2. You ______that letter to James. However, you didn’t.A. ought to writeB. ought to have writtenC. should writeD. should be writing3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A. to escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners.A. isB. areC. wereD. be5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where it is6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.A. inB. ofC. onD. by7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______last night.A. must studyB. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. is sure to study 8. Frank almost never received any education, ______?A. would heB. did heC. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he9. Even if his letter ______tomorrow, it ______too late to do anything.A. will arrive...isB. should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD. arrives...would be10. We can hear ______from the back of the room.A. just as goodB. just as easyC. just as wellD. easily as well11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD. courses12. The small mountain village was ______by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cut away13. Miss Green was ______$100 for driving after drinking.A. finedB. chargedC. punishedD. posed14. Modern ______perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensiveB. weightyC. intenseD. bulky17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A. maximumB. minorityC. majorityD. minimum18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split up B. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out19. The beach is in an ideal ______to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity20. Our ______sensitivity decreases with age. By age60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, itmay ______ a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give away23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once.A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?—Well, I’ll have to get ______ from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession25. The ______in Janet’s c haracter has hindered her from advancement in her career.A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming 您的得分率为：/ 25试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参与了这个课程的学习。
300句征服英语语法
300句征服英语语法一、形容词和副词1. Here is a small round wooden box.2. Tom is as tall as, if not taller than, John.3. We will have as rich a harvest as we did last year.4. Deeply moved by what he had said, she lay there thinking deep into the night.5. Paper is three times t he weight of the world‘s production of vehicles（载体）.6. I‘ve got about half the space I had at home and I‘m paying three times as much here.7. This rope（绳索）is twice longer than that one.8. There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one.9. Tom reached home at last, tired and hungry.10. It‘s far more difficult to learn English well without practice.二、非谓语动词11.There‘s someone waiting for you at the door.12.There is a big dog tied 被绑to a fence outside the house.13.To catch the early tra in, you‘ll have to get up early.14.Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.15.The power station keeps the villages supplied with electricity.不是keep+doing sth.16.The path小径looked beautiful, covered with fallen leaves.▲17.The man seated in the chai r asked me to be seated.18.You can close your umbrella. The rain seems to have stopped.19.I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.20.As a boy, he was made to work hard all day long.21.There seemed nothing else to do but send for a doctor.22.Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.23.Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.24.The sentence needs explaining once more.25. The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons finished for the day.26.Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook thana doctor.27.Accustomed to climbing the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.28.Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.29.Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.30.I consider it wise to go to work in Hainan.三、冠词31.Birds of a feather flock together.32.What a heavy rain!33.Please give me a coffee.34.The dictionary is a great help to me.35.He has a good knowledge of mathematics.36.A Mr Wang is waiting for you.37.When I sat down, a fifth man rose to speak.38.This is a most troublesome case.39.The rich are not always happier than the poor.40.Eggs are sold by the dozen.41.Tom is the Newton of the age.42.His father hit him on the head.43.She caught me by the arm.44.The compass was invented in China.45.The Smiths love watching football matches.46.He sat at the table, pen in hand.47.Professor though / as he is, he is very modest.48.We have elected Tom monitor of our class.49.It is a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen.50.It is said that Mary is a university student from a European country.四、代词51.The chairman thought it necessary to invite professor Smith.52.I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom‘s.53.The air in the countryside is much fresher than that in the city.54.No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the other.55.I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.56.I got the story from Tom and some other people.57.These computers are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, the ones at the other companies.58.Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.59.I‘m not quite myself today.60.The train is late, so you have to wait another two hours.五、介词61.The desk stood against the wall.62.The post office is just across the street.63.The whole nation was very sad at the news of his death.64.They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital.65.You can‘t judge strangers by the clothes they w ear.66.Sales of cigarettes have been reduced by 30%.67.He had to turn to the teacher for advice.68.It is important for us to recite the text.69.It is very foolish of you to believe him.70.At seventeen, he set off for the USA with a group of child dancers.71.From then on, they sat in silence.72.We had no trouble in finding his house.73.She spends a lot of time in watching TV.74.They are of great help to beginners.75.On reading it, he found that Tom had been put in prison.76.They brought down the price to 3 yuan.77.Let‘s drink to the success of your school.78.This is very good music to dance to.79.The poor woman was trembling with fear.80.In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburgh.81.How are things with you?82.With these words, he walked out.83.The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time.84.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch.85.What do you mean by that?六、名词86.He stayed at his uncle‘s in his childhood.87.Keep medicines out of the children‘s reach.88.We need to make room for our new students.89.You used too many b ut‘s and if‘s.90.That is too heavy a box for me to carry.七、虚拟语气91.Were I to do it, I would use a different way.92.Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.93.He would have given you more help, but he was so busy at that time.94.If they hadn‘t tried their best to save you, you wouldn‘t be standing here now.95.How I wish I could live another five hundred years.96.I insist that he (should) give me my money back.97.The girl insisted that she was in good health.98.He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.99.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.100.Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. 101.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal.102.Who do you suggest be sent to work there?103.Don‘t you think it necessary that he not be sent to Miami but to New York? 104.It is important that everyone should master a foreign language.105.Had it not been for Old Hans, the boy would have drowned in the river.106.I would rather you posted the letter right away.107.It‘s high time you took actions.108.It‘s time that I was going.109.She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold.110.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.八、动词的时态和语态111.The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.112.I‘ll begin the dictation when you are ready.113.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. 114.Wa ter boils at 100℃.115.There goes the bell.116.The teacher had told them the earth moves around the sun.117.Make sure that they don‘t escape.118.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.119.At this time tomorrow, we ?ll be flying over the Atlantic.120.Turn on the television and you will often see advertisements.121.Let‘s keep to the point or we will never reach any decisions.122.So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon.123.You are to hand in your papers by 10 o‘clock.124.It is the third time I have written to you.125.This is the best film I‘ve ever seen.126.Shirt of this material washes easily.127.The electric shaver needs repairing before it can be used.128.In the past 20 years great changes have taken place in China.129.The church is situated in the very centre of the city.130.The actress was married to a soldier in her twenties.九、动词和动词词组131.He beat me by two games to one but at last our team won the match.132.My watch says five o‘clock.133.If you don‘t have a pen, a pencil will do.134.Why don‘t you just mind your own business and leave me alone?135.Oh, I left my umbrella on the bus.136.A little board reads ―Keep off the grass‖.137.I asked him to spare me a few minutes.138.That milk turned sour.139.He turned writer after years of efforts.140.Wood burns easily.141.The shop stays open till seven o‘clock.142.The book will prove of some use to you in your studies.143.The snow lay thick on the ground.144.He decided to lie hidden for a few days.145.He has gone blind.146.Wrong never comes right.147.Happy birthday, Alice! So you have turned twenty-one already! 148.—How abou t eight o‘clock outside the cinema? –That suits me fine.149.Words failed me when I wanted to express my thanks to him.150. Journalists from all over the world came to cover the event.151The museum he paid a visit to stands at the end of the street.152.That hot, damp weather didn‘t agree with him.153.It took me a long time to get over illness.154.The picture on the wall reminds me of a boy I used to know.155.I couldn‘t get through. The line was busy.156.It is the present situation that calls for much higher spending on education. 157.I was just talking to Margaret whenJackson cut in.158.We wanted to get hom e before dark, but it didn‘t quite turn out as planned. 159.As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends.160.His talent and experience entitled her to the respect of her colleagues.161.The classroom took on a holiday appearance.162.If you‘re driving there, I wonder if you can give me a lift.163.I have no idea how it came about that the man met with trouble again.164.A person who likes to pick on others is definitely not easy to get along with. 165.I always give Mum a hand with the housework.166.Such good use has been made of his spare time that his English has improved a lot.167. Chaplin was brought up by his mother who learnt to dance at an early age 168.By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.169. The church plays an important part in people‘s lives.170. I look forward to receiving your reply.十、情态动词171.He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn‘t be enjoying himself by the seaside.172.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite! 173.He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.174.You can‘t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 175.Helen may go on the trip with us, but she isn‘t quite sure yet.176.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that customers may not like the design of the furniture.177.You are mistaken, I should say.178.The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.179.Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. 180.I don‘t know why you sh ould think that I did it.181.You can‘t praise him too highly.182.What‘s the matter with the door? It won‘t lock.183.Boys will be boys. They are always naughty.184.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 185.When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game, he couldn‘t help but go.十一、连词186.Sta nd over there and you‘ll be able to see it better.187.I hope you don‘t mind me asking, but where did you buy those shoes?188.We have won great victories, yet more serious struggles are still ahead of us. 189.There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself heard.190.One more word, and my story is done.191.As you trust me so will I trust you.192.As air is to man, so is water to fish./doc/ea5904892.html,e early, or else you won‘t get anything to eat.194.Leave the book as it is.195.Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.十二、名词性从句196.My success lies in the fact that I am cooperative and eager to learn from others. 197.The reason for his being late maybe that he missed the early bus.198.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found199.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for what he thought was not enough.200.Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 yearsago.201.We took it for granted that he would come.202.He made it clear that he will not give in.203.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.204.We‘ll make him whatever he is fit for.205.Word comes that a group of guests will come to visit our school.十三、形容词性从句（定语从句）206.Is this the factory that you visited the other day?207.Is this factory the one some foreign friends visited last Friday?208.Is this the factory where he worked ten years ago?209.The freezing point is the temperature at which water changes into ice.210.It‘s the third time (that) you have arrived late this month.211.The great day we looked forward to came at last.212.Mr. Black is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.213.Tom is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.214.In the dark street, there wasn‘t a single person to whom she could turn for help.215.He talked talked happily happily about about the the men men and and books books that that interested interested him him greatly greatly in in the the school.216.He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.217.This is the reason why (for which) he came late.218.China is not the country that it was.219.Which is the car that was made in Beijing?220.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.221.Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?222.He is as great a painter as ever lived.223.The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.224.Don‘t give children more mon ey than is needed.225.I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves) were black with disease.十四、副词性从句（状语从句）226.He tried his best to solve the problem, however difficult it was.227.The old tower must be saved, whatever the cost.228.Try as she m ight, she couldn‘t get the door open.229.He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder. 230.It was some time before we realized the truth.231.It‘s years since I enjoyed myself so much.232.It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.233.Whether you play or watch TV, you mustn‘t disturb me.234.He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.235.Go where you should, keep on studying.236.Until quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not takepaid work outside the home.237.He walks when he might take a taxi.238.Much as I admire his father, I don‘t like John.239.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.240.I recognized her instantly I saw her.十四、主谓一致241. There is said to be no life on the moon.242.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of a scholarship for three years.243. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.244. The number of students in this school rises by 5% every year.245. Each boy and each girl carries a big bag.246. Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. He more than you is anxious to go there.247. In front of us stands a building.248. Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.249. The committee have been arguing among themselves for four hours.250. Bread and butter is his favorite breakfast.251. Many a man forgets his wife‘s birthday.252.Two fifths of the land is covered with trees and grass.253.One and a half days is all I can spare.254.One or two days are enough to see the city.255.A day or two has passed.十五、There be结构256.There have been many changes in the village recently.257.There will be a good wheat crop this year.258.There may be a bird on the branch.259.There used to be a cinema here before the war.260.There seems to be something wrong with it.261.There happened to be a car nearby.262.There is likely to be a storm.263.There was said to be a fairy in the forest.264.There will be a new film on next week, won‘t there?265.There lives a river at the foot of the mountain.266.There stands a tree in front of the house.267.There remains much to be done.268.There goes the bell for class.269.There not being an index to this book is a disadvantage. 270.It would be surprising for there to be no objections.271.We expect there to be no argument.272.The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 273.I never dreamed of there being any chance for me to try. 274.There being nothing else to do, we went home.275.There being no buses, we had to walk home.=Because there were no buses, we had to walk home.十六、It 的用法276.Was it you that I came across last night at the concert?277.Does it matter if he can‘t finish the job on time?278. I hate it when people smoke in public places.279. He finds it his duty to help the others when they are in trouble.280.They think it important that drinking water must be cleaned.281.It was a pity that you couldn‘t be here for the play.282.How far is it from here to the station?283.Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?284.It is no use crying over spilt milk.285.When was it that you got to know her?十七、特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、省略句、反意疑问句等）286.Lose one hour in the morning and you will be looking for it the rest of the day. 287.Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say?288.There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lect ure, haven‘t they? 289.They must have gone to the cinema las t night, didn‘t they?290.I don‘t suppose anyone will be volunteer, will they?291.Who do you suggest be sent to work there?292.It doesn‘t matter who it is I‘m talking to.293. Gone are the days when we lived a hard life.294.Only in this way can you hope to improve the operating system.295. In came a man with a white beard.296.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.297.Sounds very strange, doesn‘t it?298.The boy always comes to school late although his teacher tells him not to.299.You shouldn‘t keep silent when spoken to.300. Hot as the sun is, I shall still go outside.。
2023年考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案
2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（一）1.My brother has decided to become a policeman,____what may.A.cameeingD.having come2.My friend and adviser____ to lend me his money.A.have agreedB.has agreedC.agreedD.are agreed3.A series of robberies ____recently.A.has been reportedB.has reportedC.have been reportedD.have reported4.“Which coat did your husband buy?”“The black one, but I____ the green one.”A.would rather have boughtB.would rather buyC.would have rather boughtD.rather had bought5.I was to have a trip abroad if____.A.I had not been firedB.I was not firedC.my boss won’t have fired meD.I were not fired6.Not until three years ago____ to work outside.A.he beganB.he beginsC.began heD.did he begin7.____ that it was going to rain, he took a raincoat with himA.SeeingB.SawC.SeenD.To see8.If you____hard, you____in the exam.A.worked/ wouldn’t have failedB.had worked/ wouldn’t failC.had worked/ wouldn’t have failedD.worked/ wouldn’t fail9.When we drove to the country, we saw many ____.A.herds of cattlesB.herds of cattleC.herd of cattleD.herd of cattles10.Don’t go there this afternoon, I’d rather you____ tomorrow.A.wentB.GoC.will goD.would go51.They saw a new movie at the theatre,____they had dinner ata Chinese restaurant.A.then whichB.which afterC.after whichD.after that12.In my country, the____ are all distributed free.A.letters boxB.letters boxesC.letter’s boxD.letter boxes13.I wish to go home with you,____?A.may IB.shall IC.would ID.can I14.Our country is trying to____ the serious problems created bythe environment pollution.ply withB.cope withC.cope toply to15.The thieves____the possibility of the alarm system soundingA.overtookB.overcameC.OverlookedD.overworked16.Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly____.A.imaginingB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imaginary17.She stumbled and____ the coffee.A.spoiledB.spilledC.pouredD.splashed18.A sheet of metal was shaken to____the sound of thunder.A.stimulateB.simulateC.reproduceD.duplicate19.In today’s newspaper, it____ that there will be a new election tomorrow.A.tellsB.statesC.writesD.records20.When he bent down to tie his shoelace, the belt of histrousers____. A.ruined B.cracked C.broke D.split2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（二）1.In selecting a material, the engineer’s interest is in its properties which determine how it will perform under the loads and condition____it is subject. A.where B.which C.in which D.to which2.To meet the ever increasing demand____oil-refining equipment, the company will produce more of such equipment.A.ofB.onC.withD.for3.“The president made a brilliant decision, didn’t he?”“Yes, he did.I don’t know what I would have done if I____to make that decision.” A.were B.had had C.have had D.had4.Animal mothers are devoted to their young and____ them with love and discipline.A.mindB.watchC.helpD.tend5.The physicists propose that our attention____the use of special methods of thinking and acting.A.would be directed towardsB.should be directed towardsC.is directed towardsD.directs towards6.According to the acoustics, continual exposure____ noise of highintensity would lead to loss of hearing.A.ofB.withC.toD.by7.We are convinced____ the righteousness of our cause.A.ofB.OnC.OverD.at8.Urban congestion would greatly be relieved if the____charged onpublic transport were more reasonable.A.pricesB.ticketsC.feesD.fares9.You’d better let me know as soon as there is a(n)____position in the branch office.A.emptyB.vacuumC.hollowD.vacant10.They will never reconcile themselves to____.A.defeatB.their defeatC.be defeatedD.have their defeat11.The matter is not to be ____.A.watched forB.waited onC.taken overD.trifled with12.The mother almost____when she learned that her son was shot dead.A.fell downB.came downC.fell apartD.went to pieces13.While doing calculation for the project, the designers____a new solution to a geological problem.A.fell intoB.stumbled uponC.set outD.discovered14.I meant____ you about it, but I forgot to do so.A.tellingB.having toldC.to tellD.to have told15.Everything____into consideration, I propose that the firstprize should be given to Liu Qiang.A.to takeB.takingC.takenD.took16.They____the park of late.A.will visitB.have visitedC.are visitingD.visited17.The girl was so ____by the mighty river that she would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the boats and rafts going and coming. A.absorbed B.fascinated C.moved D.touched18.After traveling in the desert for many days, they found a tiny oasis,where there was a well and ____green grass.A.a patch ofB.a bunch ofC.a pinch ofD.a packet of19.After a careful investigation, the committee decided to____the old hall.A.changeB.buildC.innovateD.renovate20.The fierce heat of this summer withered most of the crops____ his farm.A.inB.onC.ofD.from2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（三）1.He ____have been nervous because he didn’t go straight in.A.ought toB.mustC.shouldD.had to2.I am quite sure that I can ____ Michael into letting us use his car tomorrow. A.speak B.talk C.tell D.say3.Jean could be a very attractive girl but she____to her clothes.A.pays no attentionB.was paying no attentionC.paid no attentionD.had paid no attention4.When questioned by the interviewer, my mind went____, and I could hardly remember my own date of birth.A.blankB.dimC.faintD.vain5.The textbook question as well as other issues is going to be discussed when the congress is in____again next spring.A.assemblyB.conventionC.conferenceD.session6.To drive a car safely, it is____good brakes.A.essential withB.essential havingC.essential to haveD.essential have7.As I regard it, you can widen the ____ of these improvements through your active participation.A.volumeB.dimensionC.magnitudeD.scope8.“Can you ride a horse?”“No, I never had the chance ____.”A.for learningB.for learning howC.how to learn itD.to learn how9.As electric lines were destroyed by the storm, they were forcedto____ light for several days.A.go overB.go in forC.go withoutD.go out10.To survive in the intense market competition, we must____the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A.improveB.guaranteeC.gearD.enhance11.“Maria has blisters in her boots.”“She____walking such a long distance.”A.was used not toed toC.is not used toD.did not used to12.In ancient times people who were thought to have the ability to ____dreams were likely to be highly respected.A.impartB.inheritC.interpretD.intervene13.It was ____that we felt tired when we arrived.A.a so long travelB.such a long travelC.such a long journeyD.such a so long journey14.____his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.A.In spite ofB.In charge ofC.In view ofD.In case of15.“What authors do you like?”“Shakespeare is____.”A.favorite for meB.my favoriteC.for me the favoriteD.the favorite of mine16.We hadn’t expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was ____into darkness.17. A.dived B.plunged C.drowned D.droppedWithout a (an)____passport a tourist is forbidden to enter a country.A.operativeB.effectiveC.validD.efficient18.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times,____was done.A.a few damagesB.few damagesC.little damageD.a little damage19.Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit____the expenses of the trip.A.forB.inC.toD.about20.“Tina looks especially pretty tonight.”“Yes, she always looks her best in ____of that color.”A.dressB.a dressC.that dressD.the dress2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（四）1.The reporters exposed the corruption of several senior officers in the government; consequently, these officers____to resign from office.A.have askedB.were askedC.had askedD.had been asked2.The train____ at the present speed until it reaches the next city at about seven o’clock this evening.A.will be goingB.wentC.would goD.went3.Such____the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.A.wasB.isC.is beingD.being4.I beg____ your nephew’s wedding.A.to be excusedB.to be excused fromC.to excuse fromD.to be excused to5.The only candidate____ can hope to defeat him is quit now.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.when6.Humble____ it may be, there’s no place like home, ____hemay go.A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever7.He ought to attend the meeting,____?A.should heB.ought heC.shouldn’t heD.oughtn’t he8.Mary is 18 years old this year; she ____19 next year.A.will beB.is to beC.is going to beD.should be9.Though it was late in the night,____ he continued to work vigorously. A.but B.yet C.and D.that10.The doctor advised him to stay in bed, saying he was much____.A.ill enoughB.too illC.so illD.very ill11.I was ____ study French yesterday, but I changed my mind.A.to be startingB.to startC.to have startedD.to have been starting12.You’d rather go to theater with him this evening, ____?A.are youB.hadn’t youC.isn’t itD.wouldn’t you13.____that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.A.It is believedB.BelievingC.Being believedD.To believe14.One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his____to any kind of natural environment.A.tendencyB.adoptabilityC.adaptabilityD.availability15.I’m in no____now to go to concert with you.A.moodB.intentionC.emotionD.sense16.The judger doesn’t know whether the witness is telling the truth, but he will ____it. A.identify B.enforce C.distinguish D.verify17.Before the plane ____, the pilot bailed out.A.clashedB.crashedC.smashedD.struck18.Doctors often make higher ____ for their works than they should.A.chargesB.billsC.costsD.payments19.Most of the earliest____into America came from Europe.A.migrantsB.emigrantsC.immigrantsD.inhabitants20.His name was on the____of my tongue, but I just couldn’tremember. A.edge B.rim C.border D.tip2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（五）1.All of the plants now farmed on a large scale were developed from plants ____wild.A.that once growB.once they growC.they once grewD.once grew2.By the time you graduate, we____in Australia for one year.A.will be stayingB.will have stayedC.would have stayedD.have stayed3.He appreciated____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature.A.having givenB.to have been givenC.to have givenD.having been given4.The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds____his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law.A.on which to baseB.which to be based onC.to base on whichD.on which to be based5.Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, ____ water shortage is the worst.A.not to mention B.of which C.let alone D.for what6.Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe ____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. A.so that B.but that C.provided that D.in that7.Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives,____stress.A.so isB.as it isC.and so isD.the same is8.Victor took a bus and headed for home, ____if his wife would have him back.A.not to knowB.not knownC.not knowingD.not having known9.We can make an exception ____.A.in any case of JohnB.in case of JohnC.in case of John’sD.in the case of John10.When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China, his father ___ college.A .attended B.had been attendingC.was attendingD.has been attending11.My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so ____that she’ll swallow down anything that is put in front of her.A.indiscriminateB.ChoosyC.IndefiniteD.picky12.“This house is more ____than the federal government!”Mac complained to his parents.“You have rules for everything.”A.systematicB.democraticC.bureaucraticD.public13.The American people’s ____of being polite is different from that held here in China. A.mind B.concept C.consideration D.thought14.Well, that is probably all I can say about sports.Next time I’ll take up the topic of some other ____activities.A.refreshmentB.entertainmentC.pleasureD.leisure15.Where there is an earthquake, energy is ____in one area along a crack in the earth crust. A.repelled B.released C.run D.rushed16.The old gardener used to keep all his tools and do it yourself equipment in a ____in the garden. A.barn B.room C.hut D.shed17.I’ve got a big coffee____on the front of my dress.A.poreB.patchC.stainD.grease18.She broke her leg, but the ____healed quickly.A.fractureB.injuryC.skeletonD.cavity19.You’d better add them up.I’m not good at ____.A.figuresB.charactersC.summariesD.counters20.The girl chose some very pretty ____paper for the present.A.coveringB.wrappingC.packingD.collecting2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（六）1.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to itsalways____with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.A.being combinedB.having combinedC.to combinebined2.Physics is the present day equivalent of ____used to be called natural philosophy, from ____ most of present day science arose.A.which, whatB.that, whichC.what, whichD.what, that3.On no account ____ever leave the baby at home alone.A.should youB.you shouldC.shall youD.you shall4.____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.A.It is the sun and not the earthB.That the sun and not the earthC.Being the sun and not the earthD.The sun and not the earth5.The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it ____, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.A.was turned outB.was being turned outC.being turned outD.turned out6.I’d rather you ____by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow.A.wentB.should goC.will goD.go7.Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism ____he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew.A.whenB.whoC.thenD.which8.Nowhere but in the remotest region of the country ____find a place to settle down. A.can he B.he can C.he D.for him to9.With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot evenwalk,____run.A.let aloneB.that’s to sayC.not to speakD.not to mention10.____, she led a life of complete seclusion.A.Being disgracedB.DisgracedC.DisgracingD.She was disgraced11.Sometimes a bus ____gets on the bus to check the tickets.A.agentB.officerC.conductorD.inspector12.He made a quick ____from his illness.A.reliefB.recoveryC.survivalD.relaxation13.____the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.A.WhileB.Even thoughC.Now thatD.For14.My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it’s because she is ____child. A.one B.a lone C.a single D.an only15.____the factors already referred to, people sometimes feel insecure because their motives are misunderstood by others.A.But forB.Except forC.Apart fromD.Except that16.If the scheme is ____carried out without waste of time or energy I shall be completely satisfied.A.relativelyB.noticeablyC.appropriatelyD.efficiently17.One day we all may find it useful to have a(n) ____for sending documents, writing any pictures across the telephone lines.A.receiverB.echoC.extensionD.facility18.To their credit the Department of Energy ____these ideas and funded a detailed study.A.took overB.took onC.took upD.took to19.Feeling that she was in the right, she took ____at the dirty remark.A.protectionB.offenseC.defenseD.guard20.They agreed to share in common any ____of funds after all expenses were paid in full.A.sufficiencyB.surpassC.excessD.surplus2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（七）1.The thieves____the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the diamond ring.A.spreadB.scratchedC.scatteredD.burned2.The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth ____.A.wetB.waterC.soakD.taste3.The____problem of bring a space ship back from the moon has been solved.A.technicalB.technologicalC.techniqueD.technology4.A large part of a person’s memory is____words and combination of words.A.by means ofB.in terms ofC.in connection withD.by way of5.At her word she stood up and walked away, stopping at the window to pull back the curtain and ____.A.look roundB.look outC.look upD.look on6.Their happiness was very____.A.crispB.brittleC.delicateD.fragile7.I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap ____me.A.revivedB.releasedC.relievedD.recovered8.We should always keep in mind that____decisions often lead to bitter regrets. A.hasty B.instant C.prompt D.rapidrmation and opinion gap exercises have to have some content ____talking about. A.worthwhile B.worthily C.worth D.worthy10.“If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves ____in action later on.”A.paid backB.paid forC.paid upD.paid off2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（八）1.____native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.A.In spite ofB.That it isC.It wasD.Although2.Our civilization cannot be thought of as____in a short period of time.A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created3.We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A.did B.do C.should do D.would do4.It has been proposed that we____our decision until the next meeting.A.delayedB.delayC.can delayD.are to delay5.Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy five miles an hour ____originate over tropical ocean waters.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.how to6.____is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals. A.What B.As C.Which D.That7.All the flights____because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead. A.were canceled B.had been canceledC.having canceledD.having been canceled8.Once ____, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.A.it being completedB.it completedpletedD.it completes9.He might have been killed ____the timely arrival of the ambulance.A.but forB.except forC.besidesD.except10.If you have never planted anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted ____.A.growB.to growC.growingD.to be growing11.He did me a ____turn by lending me ten pounds.A.goodB.niceC.fineD.pretty12.Once our chickens started laying eggs, we had such a ____of eggs that we were giving many away to our neighbors.A.outputB.surplusC.productionD.plenty13.Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect in various social ____.A.occasionsB.casesC.situationsD.circumstances14.They have considered their high standard of living a(n)____for practising their basic beliefs.A.awardB.rewardC.resultD.consequence15.Mac’s close____to his brother made people mistake them for oneanother. A.resemblance B.identity C.appearance D.relationship2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（九）1.George was introduced to ____activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.A.illegalwfulC.faithfulD.peaceful2.An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A.settlementB.establishmentC.costructionD.structure3.People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A.measuredB.examinedC.testedD.questioned4.Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed. A.adverse B.anonymous C.indifferent D.casual5.There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A.strengthB.directionC.traditionD.trend6.Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A.escapedderC.stepsD.stairs7.I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A.put inB.put downC.put onD.put up8.Operations which left patients ____ and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A.exhaustedB.unhealthyC.upsetD.fearful9.Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables ____ the black market.A.onB.atC.inD.for10.The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.A.pauseB.breakC.interruptionD.breakdown2023考博英语词汇语法练习题及答案（十）1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain3.The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A.had they been doneB.they had been doneC.having been doneD.they were done4.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A.which they are happeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A.That amazedB.It amazedC.Which amazedD.What amazed6.Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty five.A.her first real success did not come untilB.her real first success came until notC.since her first real success did not come untilD.not until her first real success7.You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A.to leaveB.leavingC.to have leftD.left8.As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A.may wellB.just as wellC.might as wellD.as well9.She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A.have stolenB.stealC.stoleD.stealing10.The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A.breakingB.having been brokenC.breakD.be breaking11.Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets____in transit.A.misusedB.mishandledC.mistakenD.mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich.However, this does not mean that she is happy.A.ConcerningB.As toC.In terms ofD.In the light of13.A well written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A.calls forB.calls onC.calls upD.calls off14.It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.A.in her honorB.on her honorC.a point of honorD.an honor15.This house will probably come on the ____next month.A.fairB.marketC.shopD.Store参考答案1.答案B【参考译文】不管发生什么事, 我弟弟都决心成为一名警察。