四川大学华西医学院口腔正畸学2013年考博真题考博试卷
口腔正畸学考试题含参考答案
口腔正畸学考试题含参考答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1.在乳恒牙交替过程中，恒前牙-般比相应的乳前牙大，其相差的量如何补偿A、乳牙间有适当的间隙B、恒牙萌出时更偏向唇颊侧C、尖牙之间牙弓宽度增宽D、替牙间隙的调节作用E、所有选项都是正确答案：E2.口外上颌前方牵引矫治器的目的是A、促进成人上颌骨发育B、限制成人上颌骨发育C、只能使上前牙唇倾D、限制生长发育期上颌骨发育E、利用口外力促进生长发育期的上颌骨发育正确答案：E3.一般在拔牙多久后可制作全口义齿A、3到4个月B、一个月C、4个月D、2到3个月E、2个月正确答案：D4.口外支抗类矫治器支抗部件不包括下列哪项A、颏兜B、颈带C、橡皮圈D、面具和面架E、头帽正确答案：C5.牙列缺失后，颌骨的改变主要表现为A、颌骨的吸收B、颌骨的增生C、牙槽骨的增生D、牙槽骨的吸收E、颌骨的移位正确答案：D6.牙面清洁后到新的牙菌斑成熟，可被菌斑显示剂着色大约的时间为A、9小时B、12天C、2天D、12小时E、2小时正确答案：D7.对于导致扭转牙复发最有可能的是A、根间组B、水平组C、根尖组D、牙槽嵴组E、斜行组正确答案：D8.正畸施力只有牙槽骨的吸收，却没有或只有少量的牙骨质吸收的原因是A、牙骨质硬B、颌骨可塑性强C、牙槽骨修复能力强D、牙周膜内环境的稳定性E、牙根表面总是覆盖着一薄层尚未钙化的类牙骨质正确答案：E9.后牙反(牙合)的可能病因错误:A、后牙区拥挤B、唇腭裂C、单侧咀嚼D、前牙反(牙合)E、乳磨牙早失或滞留正确答案：D10.正畸螺旋簧的作用是A、改正深覆（牙合）B、排齐牙列C、连接D、固位E、扩大牙弓正确答案：E11.正畸患者的口腔卫生保健包括A、菌斑控制B、局部使用氯化物C、正畸治疗的准备工作D、调整和规范一些正畸临床操作E、所有选项都是正确答案：E12.牙量相对大于骨量是毛氏错牙合哪一种A、毛氏ⅠB、毛氏Ⅲ1C、毛氏Ⅰ2D、毛氏Ⅱ2E、毛氏Ⅱ1正确答案：A13.暂时性错（牙合）的临床表现是A、Ⅲ度牙列拥挤B、上颌侧切牙初萌出时，牙冠向远中倾斜C、后牙反（牙合）D、Ⅲ度深覆（牙合）、Ⅲ度深覆盖E、个别前牙反（牙合）正确答案：B14.以下哪种表现不属于替牙时的暂时性错牙合A、上颌中切牙萌出早期出现间隙B、上下第一恒磨牙建（牙合）初期为偏远中关系C、恒切牙萌出早期出现轻度拥挤现象D、上颌侧切牙萌出早期牙冠向远中倾斜E、上下恒切牙萌出早期前牙出现反（牙合）正确答案：E15.上下牙弓狭窄其矫治原则为A、缩小上牙弓宽度,或扩大下牙弓宽度或二者并用B、升高前牙或压低后牙C、扩大牙弓,推磨牙向后D、所有选项都不是正确答案：A16.下列错（牙合）畸形中哪项可能不是遗传造成A、后牙反（牙合）B、上颌前突C、上前牙区多生牙D、牙列拥挤E、所有选项都不是正确答案：E17.对正中关系的描述不正确的是A、是一个功能性的后边缘位B、是一个稳定可重复的位置C、又称正中关系D、髁突处于关节窝的后位E、又称下颌后退位正确答案：C18.有关硬腭的形成，描述错误的是A、硬腭由第一硬腭和第二硬腭融合而成B、侧腭突同时参与第一硬腭和第二硬腭的形成C、侧腭突未能融合则形成腭裂D、第二硬腭由侧腭突生长发育而成E、第一硬腭由中鼻突生长发育而成正确答案：B19.后牙为远中错（牙合），前牙深覆盖，其矫治原则为A、矫治前牙反（牙合）B、矫正颌间关系，推上牙弓往后，或牵下牙弓向前。
四川大学华西医院口腔正畸学2013,2019年考博真题+题库
7.正畸边缘病例需要考虑哪些问题。
四川大学华西医院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔正畸学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
四川大学华西医院
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔正畸学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一共7道简答题：
1.简述你对功能合理论的理解。
2.有人说自锁托槽可以增加支抗，你怎么看。
3.详述摇椅弓的临床应用。
4.简述你对垂直向控制的理解。
5.表观遗传学是什么？生物力学刺激对表观遗传学会产生什么样的影响？
2.颜貌正面观察的内容
3.常用正畸弓丝材料的种类和特点
4.下颌中线偏斜的可能原因
5.如何控制牙移动的类型
二、论述
1.试述扩弓矫治的适应症，列举3中常用的扩弓方法及临床应用特点
2.Ⅱ类高角的早期功能矫治
3.成人正畸特殊考虑的问题
4.正畸可能带来的副作用及应对措施
2006-4-10博士出科考试
1.Pont
二、论述题
1.你认为Andrews的六个关键是正畸治疗的目标吗？请说明它在预成矫治器的设计上的意义和临床应用
2.请分别阐述不同垂直骨面型和水平骨面型的支抗要求
3.谈谈你对Ⅲ类高、低角病理的认识及治疗中的注意事项
4.临床上常用的鉴别功能性错合的方法有哪些？
2006-4-10硕士出科考试
一、简答
1.Hows分析
3.成人正畸的矫治特点（10）
06——11华西口腔颌面外科学博士入学试题
原位癌，牵张成骨，颌间固定，唇腭裂序列治疗组，干槽症1.能引起张口受限的骨折类型及治疗原则。
（15）2.脉管瘤新旧分类的区别和联系。
（15）3.腮腺腺样囊性癌的特点及治疗原则。
（15）4.关节强直引起小儿颌面部发育畸形的原因、治疗原则及注意事项。
（10）5.腭咽闭合不全的种类、表现及治疗原则。
（15）6.游离皮瓣的种类，各自特点以及术前、术中、术后注意事项。
（10）2008年口腔外科:牵张成骨，全面骨折，放射性骨髓炎，保存性功能外科，唇腭裂综合序列治疗1 局麻中晕厥和过敏的表现和治疗原则2 下颌骨囊性病变的类型和治疗原则3 多形性腺瘤的临床生物学行为及治疗原则4 单侧颞颌关节强直的临床表现和治疗原则5 唇腭裂患者上颌骨发育不良的原因2009年名词解释：NOE，DO，腭裂代偿性构音，口腔癌的综合治疗，口腔癌的TNM分类分期（2002）每个5分问答题：1.左下第三磨牙阻生，在口内可以见到少许牙体组织，牙片见左下第三磨牙近中前倾阻生，根尖近下齿槽神经管，左下第二磨牙锥形单根，问拔除该牙可能有哪些并发症，如何避免？2.颌骨缺损的修复方式，优缺点及最新研究进展。
3.腮腺区恶性肿瘤的无瘤原则。
4.唇腭裂整复的目的以及实现这一目的的方法之间有何异同？5.单侧颞下颌关节强直的患者常伴有颜面部畸形，问这类患者的治疗设计。
2010年名词解释1.dry socket2.轴线皮瓣3.肿瘤标志物4.？5.舍格伦综合征简答1.成年女性患者，25岁，“地包天”要求治疗，请说出为进一步明确诊断需要做什么检查，并给出治疗方法2.晚期口腔鳞癌的治疗原则3.髁突骨折的治疗方法，治疗中的注意事项和要点4.病例分析：一成年女性，因左下“尽头牙”发炎与当地医院治疗，给予抗生素抗感染，后出现左面颊部肿胀，给予下颌切开引流，但治疗效果不明显。
随后转入我院，检查发现左面颊部及下颌骨体部肿胀发硬，左下颌有一切开引流痕迹。
请分析发病的原因，诊断，给出你的治疗方案。
四川大学博士入学考试试题汇总
目录四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题 (2)2004年 (2)四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题 (2)2006年 (2)四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题 (3)2004年 (3)2004年 (4)四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题2004年1.牙髓牙本质复合体2.根尖基点3.牙龈素4.副肿瘤性天疱疮5.显著性龋均指数1.牙菌斑是如何致龋的2.根管治疗的进展3.控制牙菌斑对牙周炎治疗的意义及控制方法4.复发性口疮为什么可以用免疫抑制剂，也可以用免疫增强剂，举例说明5.根据自己的知识讲述中国口腔疾病的现状，并提出防治策略及方法四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题2006年四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题2004年一、名词解释：（每题2分）Tissue engineeringColles’ fractureBone-fascia compartment syndromeGaleazzi’s fractureThomas sign二、问答题：⒈上下肢骨传导音的检查方法及意义？⒉股骨头血供的特点及其对股骨颈骨折的临床治疗、预后的指导意义？⒊脊柱“三柱”理论的原理及其对脊柱骨折治疗的指导意义？请简述脊柱骨折治疗的基本原则？⒋人工髋关节置换术后骨溶解的病理生理及临床表现？目前有效的治疗方法？⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同？请简述两者治疗方法的特点？⒍病案分析男性，30岁，伤后8小时入院，双下肢活动障碍，双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。
X 光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm，双侧骶髂关节脱位，骶骨骨折。
请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
四川大学华西医学部局解（骨科专业基础）博士入学考试试题2004年每题10分，选做100分⒈脊椎骨间的主要连接？⒉股鞘的结构与内容？⒊阑尾的常见位置，怎样寻找阑尾？⒋腹股沟管的构成？⒌甲状腺的位置、毗邻、甲状腺血管与神经的关系？⒍胸膜腔的体表投影？⒎子宫的位置及毗邻？⒏直肠的形态和毗邻？⒐心脏的血供？⒑肝外胆管的组成及毗邻？⒒后纵隔的结构及排列关系？⒓肾脏的位置与毗邻？⒔会阴中心体的构成及作用？⒕女性乳房的结构特点及主要淋巴引流？。
2013英语考博真题
四川大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题I.Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each):Direction: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D, Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca "lines" of Peru Were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs area jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet- meaning from an aircraft Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher, and writer Erich yon Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoffat and abandon yon Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these: unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?[A]Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.[B]Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.[C]Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe[D]Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.2.According to the passage, the Nasa lines were found[A]in mountains[B] in stones[C] on animals[D] on a plain3.We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.[A]smaller [B]larger [C] clearer[D]brighter4.There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of .[A]the participation of scientists[B]the emergence of the Internet[C]the birth of new theories[D]the interest in the Internet5.The author is about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.[A]cautious[B]pessimistic[C] uncertain[D]optimisticPassage TwoSocial circumstances in Early Modem England mostly served to repress women's voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The. Trew Law of Free Monarchic and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman's subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewishness, and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558-1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities -- mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James's Consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modem, languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women's lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women's nature and role.Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian's immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul's epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women's spiritual equality: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ." Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his Stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of actual power: as managers of estates in their husbands' absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who sometimes dominated their men by sheer force of personality or outright defiance. Their power reached its apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women-to seize new roles —as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.6.What is the best title for this passage?[A]Women's Position in the 17th Century.[B]Women's Subjection to Patriarchy.[C]Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.[D]Women's Objection in the 17th Century.7.What did the Queen Elizabeth do-for the women in culture?[A]She set an impressive female example to follow.[B]She dominated the culture.[C]She did little.[D]She allowed Women to translate something.8.Which of the following is Not mentioned as a reason to enable women to original texts?[A]Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.[B]Queen Anne's political activities.[C]Most women had a good education.[D]Queen Elizabeth's political activities.9.What did the religion do for the women?[A]It did nothing.[B]It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.[C]It supported women.[D]It appealed to the God.10.What does the word "apex" mean in the last paragraph?[A]the lowest point[B] the end [C] ultimate[D] summitPassage ThreeI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don't know the word for "ribbons", so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head; I looked at her ribbons and said "Beautiful." She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn't sure if she understood me (I don't speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn't make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lire& I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn't, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman Wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn't cry.11.Which of the following in NOT correct?[A]The writer was not used to bargaining.[B]People in Asia always bargain when buying things.[C]Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.[D]The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.12. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman .[A]thought that the last offer was reasonable[B]thought she could still make much money[C]was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining[D]was fired of bargaining with the writer any more13.Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?[A]The skirts were cheap and pretty.[B]She liked the patterns on the skirts.[C]She wanted to do Something as compensation.[D]She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.14.When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because .[A]she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling[B]she was afraid of crying in public[C]she had learned to face difficulties bravely[D]she had to show in public that she was strong15.Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?[A]she suddenly felt very sad.[B]she liked the ribbons so much.[C]she was overcome by emotion.[D]She felt sorry for the woman.Passage FourWhen one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change ---at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible，a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modem English has few .inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.16.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .[A]attempt to continue the standardization of the language[B]evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns[C]be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history[D]be more aware of the roles of the language usage17.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word "inflection" used in paragraph 2:[A]changes in the forms of words.[B]changes in sentence structures.[C]changes in spelling roles.[D]words that have similar meanings.18.Which of the following statements is Not mentioned in the passage?[A]It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modem English language.[B]Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.[C]The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.[D]Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.19.The author of these paragraphs is probably a (an) .[A]historian[B] philosopher[C] anthropologist[D] linguist20.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?[A]The history of the English language.[B]Our changing attitude towards the English language.[C]Our changing language.[D]Some characteristics of modem English.Passage FiveWe know very little about pain and what we don't know makes it hut all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off tile names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause all the way from headaches to hemorrhoids.There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modem society.The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers ---aspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or desensitizing drugs.Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run for a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.Patients tend to feel indignant, and insulted if the physician tells them he can find no organic cause for the pain. They tend to interpret the term "psychogenic" to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the fact that many cases of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as mentioned earlier, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimes a pain may be a manifestation of "conversion hysteria", the name given by Jean Charcot to physical symptoms that have their origins in emotional disturbances.Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of a potentiallyserious illness. Some people are so terrified of getting bad news from a doctor that they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of no return. Total neglect is not the answer to hypochondria. They only answer has to be increased education about the way the human body works, so that more people will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill popping and irresponsible disregard of genuine symptoms.Of all forms of pain, none is more important for the individual to understand than the "threshold" variety. Almost everyone has a telltale, ache that is triggered whenever tension or fatigue reaches a certain point, it can take the form of a migraine type headache or a squeezing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or even pain in the joints. The individual who has learned how to make the correlation between such threshold pains. And their cause doesn't panic when they occur; he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension.If the pain persists despite the absence of apparent cause, the individual will telephone the doctor.21.What does the sentence "It is all too evident..." (Paragraph 4) mean?[A]It is obviously true that people should consult a doctor as soon as they feel pain.[B]It is useless to ask people to seek advice from doctors the minute they feel painful.[C]The suggestion that people go to see a doctor immediately if they feel pain has some bad effect.[D]The campaign against pain will be lost if people don't go to see a doctor when they feel pain.22.A hypochondria is someone who[A]ignores doctor's advice and warnings[B]is afraid of going to see doctors[C]always complain about having symptoms that don't actually exist[D]always telltales pain-killers23.It can be concluded from the passage that .[A]most cares of pain are caused by hysteria[B]if a pain isn't organic, it's very likely to be psychogenic[C]pain-killing industry won't be encouraged in the future[D]doctors seldom prescribe pain-killers to patients24.They author wrote this article to .[A]explain how pain-killers work[B]call for understanding between doctors and patients[C]illustrate the harm of taking too much pain-killers[D]teach the right attitude to pain25.What does the word "telltale" (Paragraph 7) mean?[A]not obvious[B]scary[C] not precise[D]gorgeousPassage SixAldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man. When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day. After all, his career had not been without distinction. Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated. As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr. Konstantin Cherenkov. Now, as you all know, Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip. The paper milk carton too. And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long, after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago. Fell off his trolley, so to speak. For all I know, he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley, and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser, but I doubt ifhis name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country. Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.Not that it matters. Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inventor. It's like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon, or the chair, or socks. One assumes that these everyday objects just happened, or evolved through natural selection.It isn't necessarily so. I read only the other day that Richard II invented the handkerchief. Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo da Vinci (scissors, bicycles, helicopters, and probably spoons, socks and the Rubik cube as well) or by Benjamin Franklin (lightning-conductor, rocking-chair, bifocals) or else by Joseph Stalin (television).It's quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley. Certainly it has been invented more than once. Hardly was Herr Edelweiss (or whatever the Swiss chap was called) in his grave, than news came of the death of Sylvan N. Goodman at the age of 86. Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or, as the Los Angeles Times report calls it, the shopping cart.Be that as it may, Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman, or both, did a grand job and made supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be. The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets. You could put an engine in the front and call it a car. Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram. The possibilities are endless.26.It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss[A]was remembered by the people all over world[B]made a lot of money from his invention[C]was not very famous[D]was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman27.The author writes this article in order to illustrate that .[A]the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgotten[B]everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selection[C]many everyday objects are invented more than once[D]many famous people have passed away without being noticed28.Who probably invented spoons?[A]Leonardo da Vinci.[B]Benjamin Franklin.[C]Victor Farris.[D]A person unknown.29.By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the author means[A]he really did it[B]he is a military scientist[C]he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicopters[D]people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong.30.What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?[A]His death Was not reported by the press.[B]He was a famous inventor.[C]He made a very, big mistake in his late years.[D]He died on the same day as John F. Kennedy.II.Vocabulary ( 10%: 0.5 mark each)31.the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.[A] In[B] At [C] on[D] With32.the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.[A1 Making up[B] Doing up [C] Putting up[D] Sizing up33.the whole, early American city planning was excellent.[A] In[B] From [C] On[D]Above34.we are having these days![A] What a lovely weather[B] What lovely weathers[C] What lovely weather[D] What lovely a weather35. , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.[A]Other things being equal [B]Were other things equal[C]To be equal to other things [D] Other things to be equal36. , he does not love her.[A] As he likes her very much[B] Though much he likes her[C] Much although he likes her[D] Much though he likes her37. A drunk man walked in, in appearance.[A] repulsive[B] reluctant[C] reproachful [D] reputed38. A good many houses knocked down by earthquake.[A] was [B] were [C] is [D] are39.A good teacher must know how to his ideas.[A] convey[B]display [C]c onsult[D]confront40.A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment,is conditions or events.[A] in response to[B] in favor of [C]in contrast to[D] in excess of41.Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work.[A] contradiction[B]conflict[C]confrontation[D]competition42. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging in the streets.[A] about[B] on [C] over [D] out43.There were 150 at the international conference this summer.[A] spectators[B] viewers[C] participants [D]onlookers44.School started on a cold day in February.[A] severe[B] bitter [C] such[D] frozen45.In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, action.[A] determining[B]defensive[C] demanding[D] decisive46.The team has been working overtime on the research project .[A] lately[B] just now-[C] late[D] long ago47.Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained .[A] motionless[B] inactive[C] stagnant[D]immobile48.The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.[A] limiting[B]restraining[C] confining[D]restricting49.Joan is in the dorm, putting the final to her speech.[A] details[B] remarks [C] comments[D] touches。
华西口腔考博修复考题原题及答案整理
20XX年1.简述牙体缺损修复的原则●生物学原则：保护余留组织：⏹尽可能保护牙体组织：牙体预备应在符合设计要求的前提尽量减少预备量，达到下列目的：为修复体提供空间，便于修复顺利就位；利于建立正常外形，并形成良好的抗力形和固位形；防止龋坏发生和缺损的发展，利于咬合关系的协调；修复体的颈缘线与外形线应尽可能短，并且与牙体组织精密结合，以防止微渗漏和继发龋的产生；⏹保护牙髓组织：在牙体预备过程中，应该使用冷水降温；制备引导沟控制牙体预备深度，注意髓角和颈部等易穿髓部位；同时在预备完成后予以脱敏和暂时修复体保护。
⏹保护牙周组织：修复体的边缘应形成良好的边缘封闭，边缘无悬突，减小对牙龈的刺激，要求预备及取模时边缘清晰，修复体制作时形成良好的边缘密合；龈下边缘对牙周组织的刺激最大，应尽可能采用龈上或平龈边缘，但在以下情况除外：缺损达到龈下，牙冠高度不足，位于可视美学区域的修复体边缘；根据修复体种类、修复材料及美观要求选择合适的边缘类型；恢复正常的轴面形态和邻面接触；恢复正确的形态：⏹唇颊面形态：正常形态可以维持龈张力，对牙龈产生一定的生理刺激，并形成良好的自洁作用：轴面外形突度过小，会导致食物长期撞击牙龈，形成牙龈损伤；轴面外形突度过大，对牙龈无按摩作用，牙体自洁作用差，长时间会导致牙龈萎缩；⏹邻面形态：正常的接触关系，可以稳定牙位，维持牙弓形态，分散咀嚼压力，防止食物嵌塞；不同牙位触点的位置：前牙位于切缘，前磨牙位于牙合1/3，前磨牙与第一磨牙之间位于颊1/3，磨牙位于中1/3；随着年龄的增加，触点经历了由点到面的变化；邻间隙是位于龈方的外展隙，修复体在此区域应无悬突：⏹切缘和牙合面形态：形成正常牙合面形态；正中咬合、侧方咬合、前伸咬合无干扰；●生物力学原则：形成正确的固位形和抗力性固位形：适宜的聚合度：经典的要求是2°~5°，实际临床工作达不到这样的要求，前牙较为理想的是10°左右，磨牙为19°~22°；长度：预备后的基牙长度应在不影响对颌的情况下，尽可能保证足够长度；附属结构：在聚合度过大或长度不足的情况下，可以增加固位沟、箱状结构、钉洞等以增加固位；就位道：直接修复体可以形成一定倒凹，而间接修复体应避免就位道上的倒凹，并与脱位道形成一定角度，产生锁结作用，只有一条就位道能产生最大的固位作用；抗力性：预备量：足够的牙合面和轴面预备量是良好抗力性的保证，固位沟、箱状结构等附属结构也能增强抗力性功能尖斜面：缺乏功能尖斜面可能造成该处修复体过于薄弱，或外形过大，或牙体预备量过多；在上颌牙的舌尖和下颌牙的颊尖形成功能尖斜面显得尤为必要。
口腔正畸学考试题(含参考答案)
口腔正畸学考试题（含参考答案）一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、Bolton 指数分析是测量A、替牙列期未萌出的上下尖牙与前磨牙牙冠宽度B、牙齿大小协调性C、预测理想的牙弓宽度D、验曲线的曲度E、前牙覆 指数正确答案：B2、颅部和面部的容量比在出生时是A、2:1B、8:1C、4:1D、6:1E、1:1正确答案：B3、按 Angle分类,以下何为正确A、上颌第一恒磨牙是分类的基准,如果该牙明显前移,也是按该牙作为基准B、当上颌第一恒磨牙拔除后, Angle 分类就不适用了C、当上下颌第一恒磨牙关系左右不一致时,原则上应以左侧关系为准D、前牙严重拥挤、扭转,但上下颌第一恒磨牙关系正常,仍应计为AngleI类错E、以上均不是正确答案：D4、牙列间隙的临床表现不包括A、唇系带异常B、颌骨过大C、埋伏牙D、多生牙E、牙周病正确答案：D5、以下种植体支抗中，种植体大部分位于骨膜下的是A、微螺钉种植体B、磨牙后区种植体C、种植牙D、钛板E、骨内种植体正确答案：D6、患者，女，12岁，面型、上下颌骨及牙弓关系正常，上牙列拥挤量为10.5 mm, 下牙列拥挤量为8.5mm,36 牙残冠。
该患者诊断为A、复杂拥挤B、下牙弓中度拥挤C、上牙弓严重拥挤D、单纯拥挤E、遗传性拥挤正确答案：D7、关于上颌骨的生长发育，下列说法错误的是A、在上颌结节后壁区增生新骨，增加上颌骨长度B、上颌骨由第一鳃弓的上颌突、侧鼻突和中鼻突共同发育而成C、上颌骨主要是向下、向前及向外生长D、腭骨后缘有新骨增生，使长度增加E、上颌骨的唇侧吸收陈骨，舌侧增生新骨正确答案：E8、现代人的错 发生率A、无错B、80%C、41%D、28%E、68%正确答案：E9、以下不属于复发后常规处理方法的是A、重新矫治B、制作烤瓷冠排齐牙列C、利用弹性保持器解决微量的牙列不齐D、上颌 Hawley保持器上设置弹簧和卡环来调整上颌牙齿唇舌向位置正确答案：B10、正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿最常见的牙位是A、上颌侧切牙B、下颌第一前磨牙C、下颌尖牙D、上颌中切牙E、下颌第二前磨牙正确答案：A11、黏接托槽等附件时，通常采用的酸蚀剂为A、硫酸B、盐酸C、磷酸D、氢氟酸正确答案：C12、第二乳磨牙早失，最易造成错 畸形的是A、深覆B、后牙反矜C、牙列拥挤D、开E、前牙反正确答案：C13、以下哪位学者奠定了口腔正畸学的基础，使其成为口腔医学的分支学科A、AngleB、BeggC、TweedD、AndrewsE、Frankel正确答案：A14、口腔卫生保健的主要内容不包括A、口腔卫生宣教B、氟化物的局部使用C、规范正畸临床操作D、菌斑的控制E、正畸治疗前的准备工作正确答案：A15、牙列拥挤分为A、混合牙列拥挤与恒牙列拥挤B、单纯拥挤和复杂拥挤C、前牙拥挤和后牙拥挤D、青少年拥挤和成人拥挤E、遗传性和后天性拥挤正确答案：B16、在形成安氏Ⅱ类1分类错 的骨骼因素中，主要因素是A、下颌后缩B、下颌偏斜C、下颌前突D、上颌前突E、上颌发育不足正确答案：A17、下列哪一项决定牙移动的方式A、力偶矩/力B、力C、力偶矩D、力偶矩+力E、力偶矩 x 力正确答案：A18、Ⅲ度前牙深覆盖指上切牙切端至下前牙唇面的最大水平距离A、>3 mmB、>5 mmC、>8 mmD、>10 ·mmE、>6'mm正确答案：C19、成年人正畸治疗的特点不包括A、治疗方案上的考虑与青少年矫治常并无差异B、对正畸治疗的动机和治疗心态更复杂C、口腔健康状况多样化D、生长潜力有限，组织反应慢E、多已建立稳定的咬合和功能平衡20、微螺钉种植体固位的方式主要是A、部分骨整合B、全部骨整合C、机械固位D、化学结合E、物理结合正确答案：C21、种族演化导致A、颅骨缩小，颌骨缩小B、颅骨增大，颌骨增大C、颅骨缩小，颌骨增大D、颅骨增大，颌骨缩小E、颅骨、颌骨都不变正确答案：D22、牙列拥挤的常见病因A、伸舌吞咽B、咬物习惯C、乳牙早失D、偏侧咀嚼E、以上均不是正确答案：C23、下列关于下颌骨宽度的增长，说法正确的是A、下颌骨的外侧面吸收陈骨，内侧面增生新骨B、髁突随颢凹向侧方生长，可使下颌支宽度增加C、下颌骨前部在乳牙萌出后，宽度增加较多D、下颌尖牙间宽度在11岁以后还会增加E、以上均不正确正确答案：B24、关于分牙技术，以下说法错误的是A、分牙簧长臂置于触点龈方，短臂置于触点 方B、分牙圈一侧置于触点龈方，一侧置于触点验方C、可采用分牙圈分牙或分牙簧分牙D、分牙簧长臂置于触点 方，短臂置于触点龈方25、双颌前突的头影测量分析不正确的是A、SNA 角可能增大B、SNB 角可能增大C、SNA角可能正常D、SNB角可能正常E、ANB 角可能减小正确答案：E26、正常吞咽的动作完成，不需要哪项参与A、咀嚼肌的作用B、上下唇闭合C、上下牙弓紧密咬合在正中 位D、面部表情肌E、舌体位于牙弓之内，与牙齿舌面的硬腭接触正确答案：D27、替牙期间的暂时性错 是A、恒切牙萌出初期，出现轻度拥挤B、上颌侧切牙初萌时，牙冠向近中倾斜C、多余牙导致上颌左右中切牙萌出早期，出现间隙D、上下颌第一恒磨牙建 初期，为远中 关系E、上下恒切牙萌出早期，可出现前牙反正确答案：A28、当旋转中心在阻抗中心时,牙移动类型为下列哪一项A、单纯平动B、单纯转动C、倾斜移动(根尖移动大于冠移动)D、倾斜移动(冠移动大于根尖移动)E、不动正确答案：B29、箭头卡环 (Adams clasp) 主要用于A、尖牙B、双尖牙C、第一磨牙D、第二磨牙30、6岁儿童脑、脊神经系统的生长发育可达到成人的A、50%B、40%C、60%D、90%E、80%正确答案：D31、以下说法不正确的是A、,使用镍钛拉簧与后牙牙根之间的种植钉加力内收前牙时，可适当延长就诊间隔时间B、种植体支抗植入后可以即刻受力，也可以在2～3周后再加力C、种植体支抗施加的力量不超过300gD、需要借助种植体加强后牙支抗，最大限度回收前牙的患者，在治疗开始时即植人种植体正确答案：C32、患者，女，10岁，替牙期。
口腔正畸学考试题(含答案)
口腔正畸学考试题（含答案）一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1.乳牙期前牙反牙合，下颌前突的矫正年龄一般为A、0～1岁B、3～6岁C、1～2岁D、6岁以上E、2～3岁正确答案：B2.肌激动器所产生的肌力是一种矫形力，下颌每向前移动1mm，可产生多大的力:A、200gB、25gC、150gD、50gE、100g正确答案：E3.佝偻病主要是因为缺乏A、维生素AB、维生素BC、维生素CD、维生素DE、维生素E正确答案：D4.颌骨发育正常。
该症状是哪个疾病的表现之一A、间歇力B、中度力C、轻力D、矫形力E、重度力正确答案：E5.Begg矫治技术第一期最重要的矫治目标是A、矫治反牙合和锁（牙合）B、排齐全口牙C、打开咬（牙合）D、关闭间隙E、解除拥挤、矫治扭转牙正确答案：C6.反牙合解除后双侧牙合垫每次应磨除A、0～2．0mmB、1／2C、0．5mm以内D、1/3E、0．5～1．0mm正确答案：E7.关于FR-Ⅲ矫正器，叙述正确的是A、是一种固定矫正器B、适用于开牙合者C、适用于下颌后缩者D、适用于上颌前突者E、矫治力主要来源于口周肌肉正确答案：E8.lll度深覆牙合是指A、上前牙牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠1/2而不足2/3者B、上前牙牙冠覆盖下前牙不足牙冠1/3者C、上前牙牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠2/3者D、上前牙牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠1/3而不足1/2者正确答案：C9.上前牙冠覆盖下前牙冠超过1/3者称为深覆（牙合），其分为三度，I 度深覆（牙合)A、覆盖为3～5mmB、上前牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠1/3而不足1/2者C、上前牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠1/2而不足2/3者D、上前牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠2/3者E、所有选项都不是正确答案：B10.以下不是“0022”托槽优点的是A、与镍钛方丝配合，可使转矩充分表达而保持温和的力B、治疗早期保持轻力C、更适用于滑动法关闭拔牙间隙D、托槽更小，患者更舒适E、弓丝选择较多正确答案：D11.研究颅面生长发育常用的研究方法是A、咬合片B、牙片C、X线头影测量D、胸片E、口腔颌面部CT常规扫描检查正确答案：C12.由新生儿到成人，上颌骨长度增长约为A、4倍B、3．5倍C、3倍D、2倍E、2．5倍正确答案：E13.面罩前牵引矫治，单侧的牵引力量为A、300～500gB、500～1000gC、100～200gD、200～300gE、50～100g正确答案：A14.个别正常牙合一般伴有A、重度错牙合畸形B、中度错牙合畸形C、轻微错牙合畸形D、无错牙合畸形E、所有选项都不是正确答案：C15.与建合动力平衡关系不大的肌肉是A、二腹肌B、翼内肌C、嚼肌D、颊肌E、舌肌正确答案：A16.对错（牙合）畸形种族演化的叙述，正确的是A、出现牙列拥挤B、咀嚼器官进化增强C、颌骨逐渐增大D、颅骨逐渐减小E、所有选项都不是正确答案：A17.面骨骼的发育方式有A、骨缝的间质增生B、软骨的间质增生C、软骨的表面增生D、骨的表面增生E、所有选项都对正确答案：E18.Bionator功能矫治器的组成A、基托、唇颊弓B、腭弓C、支托、尖牙曲和基托D、腭弓、支托、尖牙曲和基托E、基托、唇颊弓、腭弓正确答案：E19.男性进入青春生长发育高峰期的年龄是A、12岁左右B、18~20岁左右C、14岁左右D、10岁左右E、5~6岁正确答案：A20.乳牙患龋达高峰的年龄是A、7，8岁B、11，12岁C、5，6岁D、9，10岁E、3，4岁正确答案：A21.下列哪些公式对替牙间隙的解释是正确的A、A V-5B、B(IV+V)-(4+5)C、C(IV+V)-(3+4+5)D、D(II+ IV+ V) - (3+4+5)E、E (I1I|+ IV+ V) - (2+3+4+5 )正确答案：D22.用于舌向或腭向错位的牙的功能装置是：A、双曲舌簧B、双曲舌弓C、扩弓簧D、箭头卡环E、所有选项都不是正确答案：A23.以下关于前牙反（牙合）说法不正确的是A、牙齿萌出和替换过程中的障碍可能造成牙性前牙反（牙合）B、骨性反（牙合）常伴有功能性因素C、功能性前牙反（牙合）在息止颌位时侧面型较正中（牙合）位时有明显改善D、不能后退至切对切的前牙反（牙合）都没有功能性因素E、乳尖牙磨耗不足是功能性前牙反（牙合）的常见病因正确答案：D24.对理想正常（牙合）描述正确的是A、（牙合）面有轻微的磨耗B、轻微的上颌前突C、上下牙的尖窝关系正确D、第三磨牙萌出不全E、轻微的个别牙倾斜正确答案：C25.口腔不良习惯约占各类错牙合畸形病因的：A、1/4B、1/6C、1/5D、1/2E、1/3正确答案：A26.暂时性错牙合的临床表现为A、三度深覆牙合，三度深覆盖B、三度牙列拥挤C、上颌侧切牙初萌出时，牙冠向远中倾斜D、后牙反牙合E、个别前牙反牙合正确答案：C27.在乳恒牙交替过程中，恒前牙-般比相应的乳前牙大，其相差的量如何补偿A、乳牙间有适当的间隙B、恒牙萌出时更偏向唇颊侧C、尖牙之间牙弓宽度增宽D、替牙间隙的调节作用E、所有选项都是正确答案：E28.慢性唇炎的临床表现不包括A、脱屑B、结痂C、水疱D、水肿E、皲裂正确答案：C29.切牙舌向移动1mm需要间隙A、1．5mmB、2．5mmC、2mmD、1mmE、3mm正确答案：C30.容易引起开（牙合）畸形的不良习惯:A、睡眠习惯B、吞舌习惯C、吐舌习惯D、咬下唇习惯E、所有选项都不是正确答案：C31.关于双曲唇弓错误的是A、一般用直径0．7～0．8mm的钢丝弯制B、高位唇弓加力时可使前牙近乎整体移动，并可微伸长前牙C、既是施力装置又是固位装置D、唇弓的U形双曲可以与牙长轴方向E、双曲唇弓U曲的宽度一般与尖牙唇面的近远中宽度相同正确答案：E32.上前牙冠覆盖下前牙冠超过1/3者称为深覆牙合，其分为三度，Ⅰ度深覆牙合为A、覆盖为3～5mmB、上前牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠1/3而不足1/2者C、上前牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠1/2而不足2/3者D、上前牙冠覆盖下前牙超过冠2/3者E、所有选项都错误正确答案：B33.无张力的面部整形手术切口拆线时间可提前至A、术后6天B、术后5天C、术后3天D、术后4天E、术后7天正确答案：B34.肌激动器又称A、FR-Ⅲ矫治器B、Frankel矫治器C、Andresn矫治器D、生物调节器E、功能调节器正确答案：A35.标准方丝弓矫正器关闭间隙采用A、闭合曲B、连续垂直曲C、滑动法D、弹力结扎E、小圈曲正确答案：A36.先天缺牙可以造成以下错牙合，除了A、深覆盖B、前牙反牙合C、深覆牙合D、牙弓缩小E、牙列稀疏正确答案：C37.下列哪项不是骨性前牙反牙合的临床诊断标准A、ANB角〈2°(替牙期)B、ANB角〈0°(恒牙期)C、近中磨牙关系，下颌不能后退至前牙对刃D、ANB角〉5°E、伴有不同程度的颌骨大小、形态、和位置异常正确答案：D38.关于功能性矫治器，下列说法错误的是A、功能性矫治器不产生任何机械力B、矫治年龄一般在12～18岁C、平面导板是一种简单功能性矫治器D、功能性矫治器，主要用于口面肌肉功能异常所引起的功能性错牙合畸形E、功能性矫治器是一种可摘矫治器正确答案：B39.III度深覆盖是指上下前牙切端前后向距离为A、5mm以上B、5-8mmC、3-5mmD、8mm以上E、0-3mm正确答案：D40.光固化复合树脂充填时，分层光照每层的厚度不超过A、2.5mmB、2mmC、1.5mmD、0.5mmE、1mm正确答案：B41.适合牙齿矫治作用的牙齿有以下临床症状，除了A、松动度不大B、移动效果明显C、对温度高度敏感D、无明显自发疼痛E、叩诊无明显反应正确答案：C42.下列哪种矫治器属于阻断性矫治A、缺隙保持器B、阻萌器C、带翼扩弓活动矫治器D、可摘保持器E、前庭盾改正口呼吸习惯正确答案：E43.前牙反牙合矫治后是否复发，主要与下列哪项有关A、保持时间长短B、治疗措施是否适当C、下颌的生长D、上颌的生长E、是否保持正确答案：C44.在作肌能训练矫治以前必须先教患者明确A、息止牙合位B、侧向牙合位.C、中性牙合位D、非正中牙合位E、前伸牙合位正确答案：A45.牙周病患者在何时可以进行正畸治疗A、牙周病患者任何时候都可进行正畸治疗B、任何时候牙周病患者都不能进行正畸治疗C、只要牙槽骨吸收不到1/2时，就可进行正畸治疗D、牙周病患者牙槽骨吸收不到1/2时，控制了牙周病后方可进行正畸治疗E、只要控制牙周病后就可进行正确答案：D46.全可调（牙合）架和半可调（牙合）架的区别在于A、能否做开闭，侧方和前伸运动B、导斜度能否调节C、侧柱距离能否调节D、切导斜度能否调节E、所有选项均不对正确答案：C47.针对上颌中切牙间隙的固定舌侧保持器应该粘结的正确位置是A、切断1/3-1/2B、舌隆突下C、切断1/3D、舌隆突上E、邻面接触点处正确答案：D48.牙周病的基础治疗不包括A、去除菌斑滞留因素B、龈上洁治术C、牙周翻瓣术D、根面平整E、菌斑控制正确答案：C49.医源性颞下颌关节紊乱综合征与正畸治疗无关的是A、施力不当B、矫治设计不当C、使用Nance弓D、局部牙齿施加的矫治力不当，导致个别牙升高或倾倒，造成（牙合）创伤E、只重前牙美观，不管后牙咬合正确答案：C50.功能性矫治器，可矫治错（牙合）类型A、成人错（牙合）者B、拔牙病例C、替牙期的安氏Ⅲ类错（牙合）D、牙列拥挤E、个别牙严重错位正确答案：B51.70年代哪位正畸医师在方丝弓矫治器的基础上发明了直丝弓矫治器A、BeggB、TweedC、AndrewsD、BenneE、Angel正确答案：C52.S点为:A、硬腭后部骨棘之尖B、蝶鞍影像的中心C、上齿槽座点D、下颌角的后下点E、上中切牙切缘之最前点正确答案：B53.修复体修复患牙、为了防止继发龋的发生，要做到A、修复体要正确地恢复患牙的解剖形态B、修复体要能恢复患牙的功能C、修复体尽可能厚些，隔绝细菌侵入D、修复体边缘线要位于自洁区E、所有选项都是正确答案：D54.不属于口腔正畸的目标A、功能B、稳定C、美观D、快速E、所有选项都是正确答案：D55.纠正前牙反牙合常用的活动矫治器是A、标准的Hawley保持器B、单侧（牙合）垫矫治器C、上颌双侧（牙合）垫矫治器D、平面导板矫治器E、Crozat矫治器正确答案：C56.以下哪种表现不属于替牙时的暂时性错牙合A、上颌中切牙萌出早期出现间隙B、上颌侧切牙萌出早期牙冠向远中倾斜C、上下第一恒磨牙建（牙合）初期为偏远中关系D、恒切牙萌出早期出现轻度拥挤现象E、上下恒切牙萌出早期前牙出现反（牙合）正确答案：E57.维生素D缺乏易引起A、畸形牙B、额外牙C、佝偻病D、桑套状磨牙E、所有选项都不是正确答案：C58.理想的矫治器必须具备的性能，以下说法正确的是：A、无毒无害B、简单高效C、卫生健康D、舒适美观E、所有选项都是正确答案：E59.临床上最多见早失的恒牙是A、下第一恒磨牙B、上第一恒磨牙C、上下切牙D、上双尖牙E、下双尖牙正确答案：A60.关于错牙合畸形矫治后需要保持，其说法不正确的是A、第三恒磨牙的萌出B、生长型不会影响矫治效果，保持时不用考虑这一因素C、胎的平衡尚未建立D、牙周膜纤维张力未恢复平衡E、肌动力平衡的最终改建尚未完成正确答案：B61.口腔不良习惯约占各类错牙合畸形病因的A、1/4B、1/3C、1/2D、1/5E、1/6正确答案：A62.如果要求上颌骨逆时针旋转,上牙弓顺时针旋转，下列哪一项是正确的A、牵引线斜向上一37°牵引B、牵引线需经过上颌骨和上牙弓阻抗中心的之间C、牵引线需同时经过上颌骨和上牙弓阻抗中心D、牵引线需经过上颌骨和上牙弓阻抗中心的同侧E、牵引线斜向下一37°牵引正确答案：B63.关于斜面导板活动矫治器下列描述哪项不正确A、体积小，不影响发音B、肌肉收缩力通过斜面作用，引导下牙弓向前移动以纠正下颌C、后牙离开、颌间距离加高、颌面肌肉张力增加D、适用于上颌正常，下颌后缩的远中错牙合E、下前牙咬在斜导板前斜面上正确答案：A64.肝浊音界缩小见于A、肝癌B、急性肝炎C、肝淤血D、急性肝坏死E、肝脓肿正确答案：D65.与建合动力平衡关系不大的肌肉是：A、颊肌B、嚼肌C、二腹肌D、翼内肌E、舌肌正确答案：C66.以下哪种物质不是成骨细胞合成A、碱性磷酸酶B、Ⅰ型胶原C、骨钙索D、骨桥蛋白E、所有选项都不是正确答案：E67.在形成安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错胎的骨骼因素中，下列哪项是主要因素A、上颌前突B、上颌前突，下颌后缩C、下颌后缩D、上颌后缩E、下颌后突正确答案：C68.为使牙齿在牙弓达到正常的近远中倾斜度，标准方丝弓技术采用：A、在弓丝上弯曲第一序列弯曲B、在弓丝上弯制第二序列弯曲C、改变托槽底的厚度D、在弓丝上弯曲第三序列弯曲E、在托槽上预置冠舌向角度正确答案：B69.用软橡胶或弹性塑料制成，戴在上下颌所有牙齿的冠部，此种保持器是下列哪一种A、牙齿正位器B、颏兜C、标准的Hawley保持器D、黏固式下前牙固定舌侧保持器E、改良Hawley保持器Ⅱ型正确答案：A70.牙缺失后牙槽嵴的吸收速率何时最快A、2年内B、前6个月C、前3个月D、前1个月E、前2个月正确答案：C71.正畸螺旋簧的作用是A、连接B、排齐牙列C、扩大牙弓D、固位E、改正深覆（牙合）正确答案：C72.Crozat矫治器的舌弓一般用A、1mm钢丝B、2mm钢丝C、4mm钢丝D、0．9mm钢丝E、3mm钢丝正确答案：E73.患儿，男，7岁，下恒切牙、上恒中切牙萌出，无拥挤，其中左上中切牙为舌侧错位，反（牙合），反覆（牙合）中度，余乳牙健康，颌骨关系协调。
2013年四川大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题
2013年四川大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day.After all,his career had not been without distinction.Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated.As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago.』①Fell off his trolley,so to speak.『For all I know,he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser,』②but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.Not that it matters.Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inven tor.It’s like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon,or the chair, or socks.One assumes that these everyday objects just happened,or evolved through natural selection.It isn’t necessarily so.I read on ly the other day that Richard Ⅱinvented the handkerchief.Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo da Vinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,and probably spoons,socks and the Rubik cube as well)or by Benjamin Franklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)or else by Joseph Stalin(television).It’s quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley.Certainly it has been invented more than once.Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called)in his grave,than news came of the death of Sylvan N.Goodman at the age of 86.Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or,as the Los Angeles Times report calls it,the shopping cart.Be that as it may,Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and made supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be.The next stepwill be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets.You could put an engine in the front and call it a car.Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram.The possibilities are endless.1.It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss.A.was remembered by the people all over worldB.made a lot of money from his inventionC.was not very famousD.was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman2.The author writes this article in order to illustrate that.A.the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgottenB.everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selectionC.many everyday objects are invented more than onceD.many famous people have passed away without being noticed3.Who probably invented spoons?A.Leonardo da Vinci.B.Benjamin Franklin.C.Victor Farris.D.A person unknown.4. By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the author means .A. he really did itB. he is a military scientistC. he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicoptersD. people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong5.What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?A.His death was not reported by the press.B.He was a famous inventor.C.He made a very big mistake in his late years.D.He died on the same day as John F.Kenneddy.参考答案：CADDDOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca“lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such asbirds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Interment. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Interment help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. on animals.D. on a plain.88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the Interment.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Interment.90. The author is about the role of the Interment in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am sotired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the realiry I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They meminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They ahd designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy. The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colours. The woman in the maketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!ere is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as ifI could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.90. Which of the following in NOT corret?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.91. The writer assumed that the voman accepted the last offer mainly because woman （有的资料A有的资料C）A. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargainning.D. was tired of bargainning with the writer any more.92. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargainning with the woman.93.When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because （有的资料A有的资料D）A. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.94. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A.she suddently felt very sad.B.she liked the ribbons so much.C.she was overcome by emotion.D.she felt sorry for the woman.Socialcircumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’svoices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology ofpatriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy werereaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and theBasilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch wasseen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband andfather of a family. Accordingly, a woman’s subjection, first toher father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people totheir monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynistsermons, tracts, and p lays, detailing women’s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.Yetsome social and culturalconditions served to empowerwomen. During theElizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by apowerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural spacefor other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts butwere occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century,however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in somenumbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by femalecommunities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court ofQueen Anne (King James’ consort) and her often oppositional masques andpolitical activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably goodeducation (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances andhistories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives. Also,representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature andespecially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature and role.Mostimportant, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in theProtestant insistence on every Christian’s immediaterelationship with God and primaryresponsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There isplenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible forpatriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts(notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality:“The re is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, thereis neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.” Such textsencouraged some women to claimthe support of God the supremepatriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand towardthem in his stead.Thereis also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English womenthroughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managersof estates in their husbands’ absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions;as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during theEnglish Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the Kingand the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize newroles—as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands,as writers of religious and political tracts.1. What is the besttitle for this passage?[A].Women’s Position in the 17th Century..Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.[C].Social Circumstancesin the 17th Century.[D].Women’s objection in the 17th Century.2. What did theQueen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?[A].She set an impressive female example to follow..She dominated the culture.[C].She did little.[D].She allowed women to translate something.3. Which of thefollowing is Not mention as a reason to enable women to originaltexts?[A].Femalecommunities provided some counterweight to patriarchy..Queen Anne’s political activities.[C].Most women had a good education.[D].Queen Elizabeth’s political activities.4. What did thereligion so for the women?[A].It did nothing..It too asked women to be obedient exceptsome texts.[C].It supported women.[D].It appealed to the God.1. A. 17世纪英国妇女地位。
口腔正畸学试题(含参考答案)
口腔正畸学试题（含参考答案）一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1、正畸应用强支抗时，磨牙前移占去的间隙不超过拔牙间隙的A、三分之二B、四分之一C、二分之一D、四分之三E、三分之一正确答案：B2、Begg细丝弓矫治器控制切牙的转矩时使用A、方丝上做转矩B、欧米加曲C、垂直曲D、转矩辅弓E、排齐辅弓正确答案：D3、乳牙期前牙反牙合,下颌前突的矫正年龄一般为:A、3～6岁B、1～2岁C、2～3岁D、6岁以上E、0～1岁正确答案：A4、牙周病患者正畸治疗后保持与一般正畸患者有何不同:A、允许有较多牙移动B、需要长期保持C、没什么不同D、可采用正位器作牙列最后精细调整移动的保持法E、吃饭时不必戴用正确答案：B5、后磨牙修复体邻面接触点的位置应恢复在A、龈三分之一中份B、二分之一中份C、三分之一D、三分之一中份E、二分之一正确答案：D6、对需要相反方向移动的两个牙或两组牙，以支抗力为移动牙齿的矫治力，这类支抗称为A、交互支抗B、差动力支抗C、稳定支抗D、所有选项均不正确E、加强支抗正确答案：A7、牙列缺失后，颌骨的改变主要变现为A、牙槽骨的吸收B、颌骨的吸收C、颌骨的移位D、牙槽骨的增生E、颌骨的增生正确答案：A8、中重度牙列拥挤减数矫治最常用的拔牙模式是:A、17 27 37 47B、15 25 35 45C、14 24 35 45D、14 24 34 44E、16 26 36 46正确答案：D9、下列哪项是功能性矫治器A、ActivatorB、带冀扩弓活动矫治器C、方丝弓矫治器D、上颌双侧牙合垫矫治器E、Crozat矫治器正确答案：A10、上颌双侧颌垫的适应症是A、纠正前牙反颌B、单侧后牙反颌C、破坏不良舌习惯D、上颌正常，下颌后缩的远中错颌E、前牙过高，后牙过低所形成的深覆合病例正确答案：A11、生长发育在学龄前就已大部分完成的是A、生殖器官B、胸腺C、颅底骨D、颌骨E、淋巴正确答案：C12、光固化复合树脂充填时，分层光照每层的厚度不超过A、1mmB、0.5mmC、2.5mmD、2mmE、1.5mm正确答案：D13、下列哪个矫治器要求吃饭时也不取下A、Hawley保持器B、所有选项都不是C、肌激动器D、牙合垫式活动矫治器E、FR lll型功能调节器正确答案：D14、下列与错（牙合）复发无关的因素是A、牙周纤维张力平衡未建立B、口腔不良习惯未破除C、错（牙合）矫治疗程过短D、平衡未建立E、肌动力平衡未建立正确答案：C15、修复体对龈组织的保护，最重要的是A、修复体轴面外形尽可能平B、修复体龈缘要薄，小于0. 3mC、修复体邻面接触区近龈端D、修复体龈缘位于龈峰顶上E、修复体的边缘与预备体十分密合正确答案：E16、下列哪项不是霍利保持器的组成部分A、塑料基托B、所有选项均不正确C、磨牙上的单臂卡环D、中位双曲唇弓E、带环正确答案：E17、正畸治疗中牙根吸收多少称为明显的根吸收A、0．5～1mmB、大于3mmC、小于0．5mmD、1～2mmE、大于6mm正确答案：E18、牙源性钙化上皮瘤内的嗜伊红物质是A、淀粉样物质B、发育不良的牙本质C、变性的肿瘤细胞D、牙骨质样物质E、黏液样物质正确答案：A19、全颅底长为A、N-PB、S-BaC、N-BoltonD、N-BaE、N-Ar正确答案：D20、研究颅面生长发育常用的研究方法是:A、口腔颌面部CT常规扫描检查B、胸片C、咬合片D、牙片E、X线头影测量正确答案：E21、在正畸治疗过程中,最常见的牙齿移动类型为A、伸长移动B、倾斜移动C、整体移动D、旋转移动E、控根移动正确答案：B22、原发性疱疹性口炎好发人群是A、40岁左右的中年人B、更年期妇女C、青少年D、6岁以下儿童E、老年人正确答案：D23、面中部发育不良易导致哪种错骀畸形A、安氏Ⅲ类错胎B、安氏Ⅱ类1分类错骀C、安氏I类错抬D、所有选项都不对E、安氏Ⅱ类2分类错骀正确答案：A24、正颌外科的头影测量正中矢状面标志点中，S点是指A、鼻根点B、后鼻棘点C、鼻前棘点D、蝶鞍点E、颏前点正确答案：D25、颏兜适用于下列哪种情况的保持A、深覆殆B、严重开殆及下颌前突矫治后的保持C、成年骨性Ⅲ类患者D、上颌前突E、上颌后缩正确答案：B26、功能矫治器的主要使用对象A、混合牙列时期B、成人期C、乳牙期D、恒牙期E、青春后期正确答案：A27、平面导板矫治器的适应症是A、后牙反牙合B、前牙反牙合C、前牙过高，后牙过低所形成的深覆牙合D、下颌平面角较大的安氏Ⅱ类错牙合E、牙列拥挤正确答案：C28、后磨牙修复体邻面接触点的位置应恢复在A、1／3B、1／2C、龈1／3中份D、1／3中份E、1／2中份正确答案：D29、下颌骨生长中心在A、下颌体下缘B、所有选项都不对C、髁突软骨D、下颌角附近E、上颌升支后缘正确答案：C30、牙量骨量不调而产生的牙列拥挤约占错牙合的A、92%B、76%C、52%D、25%E、29%正确答案：E31、SPEE曲线是A、下颌牙列的纵（牙合）曲线B、上颌牙列的纵（牙合）曲线C、一条向上凸的曲线D、补偿曲线E、横（牙合）曲线正确答案：A32、S点为A、蝶鞍影像的中心B、硬膠后部骨棘之尖C、上中切牙切缘之最前点D、上齿槽座点E、下颌角的后下点正确答案：A33、糖尿病患者拔牙时，血糖水平应该控制在A、8.00mmol／L以下B、12.0mmol／L以下C、6.80mmol／L以下D、8.88mmol／L以下E、10.0mmol／L以下正确答案：D34、上颌骨的主要生长方向为A、向前B、向乙C、所有选项都是D、所有选项都不是E、向外正确答案：C35、与建合动力平衡关系不大的肌肉是A、嚼肌B、颊肌C、二腹肌D、舌肌E、翼内肌正确答案：C36、头影测量分析中FMIA是指A、下中切牙的长轴与SN平面的交角B、下中切牙的长轴与眼耳平面的交角C、下中切牙的长轴与下颌平面的交角D、眼耳平面与下颌平面的交角E、SN平面与下颌平面的交角正确答案：B37、上颌第一磨牙在下颌第一磨牙之前萌出，容易形成A、中性（牙合）B、近中（牙合）C、正锁（牙合）D、反锁（牙合）E、远中（牙合）正确答案：E38、下齿槽座点为A、S点B、关节点C、Gn点D、B点E、D点正确答案：D39、患儿，男性，7岁，下恒切牙、上恒中切牙萌出，无拥挤，其中左上中切牙为舌侧错位，反骀，反覆胎中度，余乳牙健康，颌骨关系协调。
四川大学华西医学院口腔组织病理学2013(含答案)年考博真题试卷
角化或过度不全角化或混合角化。上皮粒层明显和棘层增生，上皮钉突伸长变粗，但仍整齐 且基底膜清晰。固有层和粘膜下层有淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润。
扁平苔藓典型病损是在粘膜上出现白色或灰白色的条纹，条纹之间的粘膜 发红，这些条纹可呈网状、线状、环状或树枝状。发生在舌粘膜的扁平苔藓为灰 白色斑块状，似粘膜表面滴了一滴牛奶，比白斑色浅，且不似白斑高起、粗糙。临 床分为六型：网状型、丘疹型、斑状型、萎缩型、溃疡型及疱型。病理变化为上皮 不全角化，棘层增生（少数萎缩），上皮钉突不规则延长（少数呈锯齿状），基底细 胞层液化变性，基底细胞排列紊乱，基底膜界限不清，固有层有密集的淋巴细胞 浸润带，棘层、基底层或粘膜固有层可见胶样小体（civatte小体）。 2. 常见涎腺良性肿瘤有哪些？举一例的病理特征。
四川大学华西医学院 医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
川大2013考博口腔组织病理学 一、名词解释（5分*4） 1. epithelial-mesenchymal transformation 在胚胎第4周，两侧神经褶在背侧中线汇合形成神经管的过程中，位于神经嵴处 的神经外胚层多潜能干细胞，未进入神经管壁，而是离开神经褶和外胚层进入中 胚层，位于神经管和表面外胚层之间，形成沿胚胎头尾走向的细胞带，以后分为 两条细胞索，列于神经管背外侧，转变为间充质细胞，即发生所谓的上皮间充质 转化。此过程涉及细胞粘附特性和细胞骨架结构的改变，使其可以离开神经管并 迁移。这种上皮间充质的转化是胚胎发生的关键步骤。 2. Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
涎腺良性肿瘤包括：多形性腺瘤、肌上皮瘤、基底细胞腺瘤、Warthin瘤、嗜酸 性腺瘤、小管状腺瘤、皮脂腺腺瘤、淋巴腺瘤、导管乳头状瘤、囊腺瘤。
博士考题
华西正畸的考题一般比较灵活，主要以罗颂椒教授主编的《当代实用口腔正畸技术和理论》和统编教材《口腔正畸学》为准。
下面提供几道参考题目：1、试述牙阻力中心、旋转中心和牙移动烈性的关系2、试述下颌骨的生长旋转3、正畸治疗拔牙的考虑因素4、安氏二类一分类错合的形态特征、治疗方法和治疗效果5、试述对正常合的理解6、对功能矫治器的治疗效果的评价，试以此作为研究目的进行课题的设计。
7、安氏三类错合的矫治名词解释：（英文）限制板沙比纤维维甲酸综合征肿瘤分化问答题：1.牙槽骨分为哪几部分，生理学特性及临床意义2.成釉细胞瘤病理特点，鉴别诊断（最少三种）3.请简述黏膜的基本病变，基底细胞液化的疾病（最少三种）4.请简述三种低度恶性涎腺肿瘤，组织化学，免疫组化在鉴别诊断中的应用。
名词解释：舍格仑综合征、舌淀粉样变、护骨因子大题：牙釉质中有机成分的作用和富含有机成分的结构有什么？口腔粘膜疱性疾病的临床病理表现牙髓亚本质复合体的老年性改变5项描述鼻唇颏关系的方法和正常范围口腔正畸学大纲一、教学目的和要求口腔正畸学是口腔医学中的一个重要组成部分,是研究牙颌面发育畸形的病因、病理、检查、诊断、预防和治疗的独立学科。
它与口腔颌面外科、牙周、预防颞颌关节功能障碍以及颜面形态学、生物力学、生物学和美学等有着密切的联系。
牙颌面畸形的防治目的是改善儿童、青少年以及成人的口腔功能，提高口腔健康和身心健康。
要求通过教学的各个环节（讲课、实习、病例讨论、自学辅导等）使学生了解口腔正畸学的基本理论知识、初步掌握牙颌畸形的预防与早期矫治的基本原理和基本方法。
本大纲规定的内容都是学生必须了解、熟悉和掌握的。
要求学生充分发挥学习的主动性、积极性，在教师指导下达到大纲提出的要求，能对常见牙颌畸形进行初步诊断及早期防治。
二、教学内容及要求（下划线部分为要求掌握的部分）（一）基本理论和基本知识1．绪论要求：了解口腔正畸学研究的内容及发展概况2．颅面部的生长发育要求：了解颅颌面生长发育与牙颌面防治的关系。
四川大学华西医学院考博试题
考博详解与指导局部解剖学：一、名词解释：颈动脉窦，肺根，面部危险三角区，膀胱直肠陷凹，胆囊三角，(还有一个想不起了)二、问答题：(9选7)1.临床作气管切开的位置，经过的层次，切开过深可损伤的器官，过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影(至少10个)5.子宫的位置，及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7.腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置病理真题1，名词解释：肉芽组织，老化，autopsy,瘘管，转移钙化，紫癜，类白血病反应，肺褐色硬化，纤维素样坏死2，选择题：老样子很简单3，简答体：肿瘤增生和非肿瘤增生的区别。
病案讨论：冠心病及其合并症有关的。
为什么说淤血总是病理性的?说出3种胃肠道的肉芽肿性炎。
说出3种病理诊断方法及其特点。
肿瘤的TNM分期，举例1个第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
四川大学华西医学院口腔组织病理学2004--2014,2016--2019年考博真题
限制板，
sharpey fiber，
retinioc acid sydrom，
肿瘤分化
问答：二、简答题
1、牙槽骨的结构及生物学特点，临床意义
2、囊性成釉细胞瘤的类型，病理表现及鉴别诊断
3、列举你所知道的口腔黏膜病损。具有基底细胞液化变性的病的病理
4、低度恶性的上皮的涎腺肿瘤列举3种并鉴别，组化和免疫组化在鉴别诊断中的应用
四川大学华西医院
2009年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔组织病理学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
四川大学华西医院
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔组织病理学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
一、名词解释30分
transparent dentine，chronic hyperplastic pulpties，myoepithelial cell
二、问答题70分
1.上皮源性良性牙源性肿瘤有哪几种？
2.请举例说明其中一个有局部侵袭性的肿瘤临床病理表现
3.慢性牙周炎宿主防御机制的双重作用
4.描述口腔粘膜原位癌临床病理表现及应用免疫组织化学染色进行诊断和鉴别诊断
oralpharyngeal membrane (6分)
branchial cleft cyst (8分)
二、简答题
1、简述牙乳头在牙发育中的重要作用（18分）
2、描述活动期牙周炎光镜下病理表现（18分）
3、基底膜区的构成和结构？良性黏膜类天疱疮的发病机理？（22分）
4、从临床表现、病理特征、生物学行为等方面对成釉细胞瘤和牙源性腺样瘤进行比较？（22分）
口腔医学(医学高级)：口腔正畸考试资料真题
口腔医学(医学高级)：口腔正畸考试资料真题1、单选口外上颌前方牵引矫治器的目的是（）。
A.利用口外力促进生长发育期的上颌骨发育B.促进成人上颌骨发育C.限制成人上颌骨发育D.限制生长发育期上颌骨发育E（江南博哥）.只能使上前牙唇倾正确答案：A2、单选临床上最多见早失的恒牙是（）。
A.上下切牙B.下双尖牙C.上双尖牙D.下第一恒磨牙E.上第一恒磨牙正确答案：D3、单选哪种错矫治结束后可考虑不使用保持器（）。
A.上颌前突B.扭转牙C.大量广泛的牙间隙D.深覆、深覆盖E.个别前反且间隙足够正确答案：E4、多选替牙期矫治适应证有（）。
A.前牙反B.后牙反、锁C.个别牙严重错位D.上下牙弓关系错乱E.上中切牙间隙在侧切牙已萌出而未关闭者正确答案：A, B, C, D5、单选下列哪项是固定矫治器的缺点（）。
A.固定良好B.能控制矫治牙的移动方向C.能矫治较复杂的错畸形D.固定矫治技术相对复杂，临床上椅旁操作时间较长E.体积小正确答案：D6、单选记存模型要求准确、完整，但不包括（）。
A.基骨B.移行皱襞C.腭穹隆D.唇系带E.颊黏膜正确答案：E7、单选安氏Ⅱ类错上颌第一恒磨牙的近中颊尖咬合于下颌何处（）。
A.下第一恒磨牙的近中颊沟内B.正对下第一恒磨牙的近中颊尖C.下第二恒磨牙的近中颊沟内D.下第一、二恒磨牙之间E.以上都不是正确答案：B8、单选下列关于Crozat矫治器的适应证的说法，不正确的是（）。
A.个别错位牙的矫治B.扩大牙弓C.纠正颌间关系的异常D.修复前的正畸治疗E.严重拥挤者正确答案：E9、单选活动矫治器的优点为（）。
A.作用力单B.异物感小C.固定良好D.体积小、较舒适E.不影响美观正确答案：E10、单选牙周病患者在何时可以进行正畸治疗（）。
A.任何时候牙周病患者都不能进行正畸治疗B.只要控制牙周病后就可进行C.只要牙槽骨吸收不到1／2时，就可进行正畸治疗D.牙周病患者牙槽骨吸收不到1／2时，控制了牙周病后方可进行正畸治疗E.牙周病患者任何时候都可进行正畸治疗正确答案：D11、多选患者，女，13岁，恒牙，磨牙完全远中关系，前牙深覆盖Ⅱ°，上下牙牙列拥挤Ⅰ°（）。
四川大学华西医学院神经外科学2013年考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2013年读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经外科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释：
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眶上裂综合征 肯尼迪综合征 dandy-walker综征 Parinaud综合征 脊髓半切综合征 二、问答题： 1.高血压脑干出血的临床表现及治疗进展； 2.正常颅内压脑积水的发病机制及典型临床表现以及治疗选择； 3.垂体瘤的临床表现及治疗目标； 4.髓内外肿瘤的临床及MRI鉴别； 5.DAI的临床表现，影像表现以及治疗目的； 6.听神经瘤的病程进展分期以及显微手术治疗的现代疗效评估标准。
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2013华西华西医科大学口腔考研试题
2013年四川大学352口腔综合考研试题（回忆版）
名解：舍格伦综合征（英文）、干槽症、腭咽闭合不全、咀嚼效率、锁合、临床牙周指数、一型观测线（还有一个不记得了）
填空：今年填空和往几年比有些许变化，由原来的120分变成80分，重复率低了些。
这40分都分到大题上去了，7个大题共140分。
有神经脊细胞分化的四种组织，颞下颌关节三韧带，成釉器发育的三个时期和末期四层细胞，九岁孩子深龋去腐时漏髓怎么治，根尖周优势菌，还有几个固位体的空，还有的记不住了。
今年填空很注重基础知识，都不是很偏
选择：50分，口外和牙体几乎都是从华西那本练习册上出的。
没有修复
大题：成釉细胞瘤的临床病例特征，其四种亚型及生物学行为
临床上测量工作长度的方法及其优缺点
变形链球菌是主要致龋菌的原因
无瘤操作
固定桥减小桥体受力的方法
下颌中切牙和侧切呀唇面鉴别并画图（最近几年年年考两种牙的唇面鉴别和画图）三种颌位及其作用。
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医学考博真题试卷
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四川大学华西医院
2013 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔正畸学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一共 7 道简答题： 1. 简述你对功能合理论的理解。 2. 有人说自锁托槽可以增加支抗，你怎么看。 3. 详述摇椅弓的临床应用。 4. 简述你对垂直向控制的理解。 5. 表性，凹面型，2 到 2 反合，磨牙 III 类关系，家族史不明。初步诊断 是什么？依据什么？还需要做哪些检查？为什么？怎么治疗？为什么？ 7. 正畸边缘病例需要考虑哪些问题。
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