高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词
高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词
高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词(总7页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-高中英语语法非谓语动词（三）过去分词非谓语动词（三）——过去分词（三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。
被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。
注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。
作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
高二英语必修五_名师语法课堂：过去分词作定语和表语用法详解
名师语法课堂：过去分词作定语和表语用法详解概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed tocholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killedpeople.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affectedperson died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的斜体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。
那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为：不定式（to d o）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。
高中英语语法专题---现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class.Missing the bus, she was late for the class.2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy.scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy.一、现在分词（一）现在分词的定义：现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。
具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。
（二）现在分词的功能与用法：1. 作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。
一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is runningan old man standing there →an old man who is standing there例如：The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications.A. requiringB. to be requiredC. being requiredD. to have required2. 作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补:1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at2）使役动词：have get make注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。
高中语法非谓语动词全讲解
非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语
like that. Do you think it necessary trying again? （4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前， 如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行 的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who
③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to
take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不 定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句 中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用 介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him
高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词(2021年整理)
高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成（具体规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态，不但表示被动,还表示已完成了。
The cup is broken。
茶杯破了.2。
不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。
He is retired。
他已退休.3。
有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作）(2） The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。
（过去分词作表语）【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行。
有些动词如 interest， bore，worry， surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用—ing 形式来修饰物。
过去分词的变化规则
过去分词的变化规则
1. 一般动词：大多数一般动词过去分词形式由动词原形加上-ed构成，例如：work → worked, study → studied。
2. 以不发音的“e”结尾的动词：如果动词以不发音的“e”结尾，
则在后面加上-d构成过去分词，例如：hope → hoped, save → saved。
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词：如果动词以辅音字母+y结尾，则把-y
变为-i，再加上-ed构成过去分词，例如：study → studied, hurry → hurried。
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的单音节动词和部分双音节动词：如果动词以
重读闭音节结尾（即在单词中最后一个音节是一个元音字母，其后跟随一
个辅音字母），则双写这个辅音字母，再加上-ed构成过去分词，例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned。
5. 不规则动词：一些常见动词的过去分词形式无固定规则可循，需
根据具体单词来记忆，例如：go → gone, eat → eaten。
需要注意的是，不同的动词可能存在特殊的过去分词形式变化规则，
所以在学习过去分词时建议参考专门的语法书籍或词典来获取准确的变化
规则。
例谈高中英语语法微课的应用——动词过去分词做状语
例谈高中英语语法微课的应用——动词过去分词做
状语
高中英语语法的应用对学习者的学习效果有着重要的影响。
动词的过去分词做状语用法就是一个典型的例子，它可以帮助学习者更好地理解英语的语法结构，丰富英语的句型词汇，提升学习者的英语写作表达能力。
首先，我们可以通过微课实现对动词过去分词做状语的学习，充分利用它来扩大内容积累，帮助学生更加迅速掌握这一知识点。
在学习过程中，我们可以准备一些练习题，既可以检验学生的掌握情况，又可以让学生在考试中取得更好的成绩。
此外，可以采用各种其他方面的学习方法活跃课堂气氛，以有趣的形式发挥学生的学习能力，从而达到学生知其然，知其所以然的学习效果。
最后，可以结合实际情况，设置一些新句型来考验学生使用语法结构，提高学生英语写作表达能力。
这样就可以让学生学以致用，提高他们的应用能力，积累更多的语言素养和表达能力，同时引导学生有正确的思维模式，做到学以致用，真正实现学习者的深度思考和实践能力的发展。
动-词--过去完成时态-讲解与练习题
过去完成时一、概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时(过去)现在二、构成过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
例如：They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。
H e didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
三、用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。
例如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。
（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。
2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。
例如：She told me that she had written a new novel.她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。
(had written 发生在told 之前)I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。
3.过去完成时需与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，不能离开过去时间而独立存在。
此时多与already, yet, still, just, before, never 等时间副词及by, before, until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
高中英语语法――非谓语动词讲解
⾼中英语语法――⾮谓语动词讲解⾼中英语语法――⾮谓语动词⼀、⾮谓语动词的概念动词的基本⽤法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能⽤⾮谓语形式了。
⾮谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done⼆、三种形式的含义（基本⽤法）不定式：表⽰⽬的和将来；动词的ing：表⽰主动和进⾏；过去分词：表⽰被动和完成。
在⾮谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing五、⾮谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，⽤的所有格＋doing)六、⾮谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否⽤⾮谓语形式。
⽅法：看看句⼦中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找⾮谓语动词的逻辑主语。
⽅法：⾮谓语动词的逻辑主语⼀般是句⼦的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
⽅法：⾮谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
⽅法：分析句⼦，看看⾮谓语动词所表⽰的动作发⽣在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常⽤done; 之后常⽤to do; 同时常⽤doing.学习⾮谓语形式时，建议把三种形式⼀起来⽐较学习，会更加有效⼀些。
⼀、⾮谓语动词作主语和表语的⽐较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表⽰⼀次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表⽰⼀般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗⽰泛指⼀般的⾏为，⽤动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常⽤it 作形式主语，即⽤句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下⾯⼏个句型是⽤动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的⽐较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表⽰主语的内容。
动词过去式过去分词变化规则
动词过去式过去分词变化规则
一般来说，动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则如下：
1. 一般情况下，动词加-ed：
例：walk -> walked, jump -> jumped
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d：
例：live -> lived, love -> loved
3. 以一个辅音字母加y结尾的动词，将y改为i，再加-ed：
例：study -> studied, try -> tried
4. 以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y，再加-ed：
例：tie -> tied, lie -> lied
5. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写该辅音字母，再加-ed：
例：stop -> stopped, plan -> planned
6.特殊变化：
be的过去式为was/were，过去分词为been；
have的过去式为had，过去分词为had；
do的过去式为did，过去分词为done；
go的过去式为went，过去分词为gone；
see的过去式为saw，过去分词为seen；
eat的过去式为ate，过去分词为eaten；
drink的过去式为drank，过去分词为drunk；
write的过去式为wrote，过去分词为written。
需要注意的是，英语中仍然存在一些特例和不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词形式与以上规则不同，这些特例需要通过学习和记忆来掌握。
高中英语语法精讲动词的过去分词形式
高中英语语法精讲第七章动词的过去分词形式动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。
绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1．规则动词的-ed形式limit →limited（限制）pretend →pre tended（假装）escape →escaped（逃脱）provide →provided（提供）refer →referred（提交）drag →dragged（拖）pray →prayed（祈祷）supply →supplied（供应）2．不规则动词的-ed形式cast →cast（投掷）spread →spread（传播）bite →bitten（咬）forgive →forgiven（原谅）spit →spat（吐）wear →worn（穿）fight →fought（搏斗）lose →lost（丢失）3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同learned →a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged →an aged man 老人beloved →his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。
C．动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。
2020高三英语语法之过去分词作定语和状语讲解和巩固练习
过去分词作定语在第一单元，我们已经学过了过去分词作定语的用法，这里做一-简单复习。
1.过去分词作定语与定语从句:过去分词作定语，具有形容词或副词的作用，该分词及其修饰成分相当于定语从句。
如果把分词短语转变成定语从句时，这个定语从句应具备两个特征:1)从句的主语和所修饰的先行词一致;如2)的例句1中定语从句的主语就是所修饰词a teacher。
2)从句的谓语动词为被动语态形式。
She is a teacher respected by all her students.= She is a teacher who is respected by all her students. 她是位受所有学生尊敬的老师。
This is the best novel of its kind ever written. = This is the best novel of_ its kind that has ever been written. 这是这类小说中写得最好的。
2.作定语的分词的逻辑主语分词作定语，其逻辑主语是所修饰词，现在分词动作与所修饰词常是主动关系，而过去分词动作与所修饰词常是被动关系。
The broken clock should be repaired as soon a as possible.这个坏了的钟表该尽快修好。
(定语broken与所修饰的词clock是被动的，即被弄坏的表)The crying baby has been ill for two days.正在大哭的那个婴儿病了两天了。
(定语crying是所修饰词baby做的，是主动关系)注意:不定式和-ing形式的被动式与所修饰词也是被动关系，但在时间上与过去分词不同。
3.作定语的非谓语动词的时间.过去分词作定语，多表示动作已经完成; to be done 表示动作将要发生; being done表示动作正在进行。
4.表示情感的动词的分词作定语现在分词表示事物的性质，而过去分词表示内心的感受，尤其注意分词修饰expression，look 等词时，一般用过去分词表示内心感受所表现的表情。
人教版高中英语同步语法精讲精练：过去分词作状语
人教版高中英语同步语法精讲精练：过去分词作状语（book5unit3）本单元我们来学习过去分词作状语的用法一．过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。
过去分词在句中作状语1.表示时间When taken away from the mother,the baby began to cry.2.表示原因Trapped in the heavy rain,many students were late for school.3.表示条件 Given more time, We will do it better.4.表示方式The old man went upstairs,supported by his son.5.表示伴随 Followed by his students,the teacher left the classroom.6.表示结果The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road, woundedin the head.7.表示让步 Though t aught (=having been taught)many times by theteacher, some students still don’t know how to do it.二、过去分词作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句（下列1-4）；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句（下列5-7）。
如：1.When taken away from the mother，the baby began to cry.=When the baby was taken away from his mother,he/she began to cry. 2.Trapped in the heavy rain,many students were late for school.=Because/As many students were trapped in the rain, they were late for school.3. Given more time, We will do it better.=If we are given more time,We will do it better.4.Though t aught several times by the teacher,some students still don’t know how to do it.=Though some students have been taught many times,they still don’t know how to do it.5.Supporte d by his son,the old man went upstairs..=The old man was supported by his son and he went upstairs6. The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road, wounded in the head.=The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road and she was woundedin the head.7.Followed by his students,the teacher left the classroom.=The teacher left the classroom and he was followed by his students.三．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
高中英语语法专项精讲-非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
一、不定式的意义1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
高中英语过去分词用法详解
3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures., 且与主语 之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作 状语可表时间、原因、 让步、 结果、 方式、 条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3) If _tr_a_p_p_e_d_ in a burning building, you should send for help. 4) Although _s_h_o_t in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
二、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间
B. Seen
4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
__A__ from the space, the astronaut
can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _U_s_e_d_for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧. _U_s_i_n_g_ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. _L_o_o_k_i_n_g_ at her, he jumped with joy. _L_o_o_k_e_d_at by her, he jumped with joy.
高中英语-现在分词与过去分词-讲解与练习
Lesson 6 现在分词与过去分词一、非谓语动词的分类：1.不定式(to do ) __________________________2.动名词（--ing）_________________________3.现在分词(--ing)________________________4.过去分词（--ed）______________________二、分词作表语1）现在分词做表语，说明主语的_____，相当于________，主语通常是____The film is ______. The music is ________.The news sounds ___________2)过去分词做表语，说明主语的_____, 主语通常是_____ We are ______ by the movie.He felt _________to meet us here.They are _________with the result.常见的加-ing, 或-ed转化为形容词用的动词原形：surprise, excite, interest, bore, disappoint, encourage, worry, delight, move, satisfy…1. The news that our team won the game is very ___A. encouragingB. encouragedC. encourageD. to encourage2. His father seems ____ with his score.A. pleaseB. pleasedC. pleasingD. please3. Students got ____ when they saw the star.A. exciteB. excitingC. excitedD. excitedly三、分词作定语（可转化为定语从句）1)现在分词做定语，表示______意义，与做修饰词语形成______关系.The man ________ the car is my father.Who is the man _________ in the room?2) 过去分词做定语，表示_______意义，与所修饰词语形成_______ 关系.The building ____ last year can hold more than 1000 people. We should change the _______ window.Money ________ on books is necessary.1. Ten years ago, there was a man _____ in that house.A. livedB. livingC. liveD. was living2. The girl _____ down by the car is dying.A. knockB. knockingC. knockedD. to knock3. Island is a piece of land ____ by water.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. to be surroundedD. being surround4. The first book ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written5. Do you know the boy ____under the tree.A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying6. The guests ,_____ by some artists, came out of the hall. A. following B. to followC. followedD. to be followed7. The computer center _____ last year, is very popular.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened8. The child _____ at the hospital yesterday was seriously ill.A. to examineB. examinedC. examineD. examing四、分词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补感官动词：see, observe, notice, watch, hear, smell, listen to, look at, feel, find等使役动词：catch, set, have, make, let, get, leave, keep等1）感官动词/使役动词+宾语+ 现在分词表示__________________________________________ She smelt something ________.I found those students ________.I have kept you__________ for a long time.They caught him ______something wrong.2）感官动词/使役动词+宾语+ 过去分词表示__________________________________________He heard his name _______I found the city greatly ______.Many people have their hair _______.1. The next morning, she found the man _____ in the bed,dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying2. We had the machine _____ just now.A. mendedB. mendingC. mendD. to mend3. I can’t speak English, I couldn’t make myself ____ when Ivisited America last year.A. understandB. understoodC. understandingD. to understand4. I have someone ____ the bike for you.A. repairedB. repairingC. repairD. to repair五、分词作状语1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句中主语一致现在分词_______ the good news, he jumped up with joy.________ in the street, I met an old friend._________________ his homework, the boy went out._______ a student, you must study hard______________ the rules, you will obey them easily.The students went home, _______________________.He came __________ into the room.过去分词__________into English, the sentence has a different order. ___ from the top of the hill, the school looks more beautiful. ____________ to speak, you had better keep silent._______in the country, he couldn’t live happily in the city. He marched up the steps , closely ____________ by Tom.1. ____ his dinner, the boy rushed out.A. eatB. to eatC. Having eatingD. eating2. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given3. ____ from a distance, the Opera Hall looks like a ship.A. SeeingB. SeenC. To seeD. See4. _____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not knowing B. known notC. knowing notD. not known2）独立成分作状语有些分词作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。
分词的用法
高三英语语法专项讲解与练习分词也是一种限定动词，分为现在分词和过去分词。
它保留着动词的若干特征，又具有形容词、副词的特征。
分词有时态和语态变化，又带有宾语并能被状语修饰。
分词在句中主要作定语、状语用，作表语也十分普遍。
分词的作用⏹分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
1 定语2 状语3 表语4 补足语5 独立结构分词的特征：现在分词：表主动，表现在进行，过去分词过被动，表动作完成或只表完成分词作定语分词作定语有两种形式。
它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。
有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。
前置定语⏹He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。
⏹Make less nois e. There‟s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉⏹We only sell used books. 。
我们只卖用过的书后置定语⏹The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of thecampus newspaper.坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
⏹The bridge built last month needs repairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。
⏹过去分词作定语有的既可前置也可后置。
如：所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。
All the broken windows have been repaired.All the windows broken have been repaired.⏹分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
如：Those wishing to join this club should sign here.想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
(=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.)The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
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高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休.3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.过去分词构成规则1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、不规则动词，见不规则表一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.二、当过去分词作为定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.三、当过去分词作为状语1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I ,即I 被再给一个小时.)(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等. (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;) (2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider，know，think等后。
如：(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。
(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。
4. 表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want，wish，like，hate等后。
如：(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。
(2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)五、"with +宾语+过去分词"的结构此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) (4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.练习1. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _________.A. looked forB. cared forC. take care ofD. cared after3. The two old sisters, _________ so long, held each other and burst into tears.A. being separatedB. having been separatedC. having separatedD. had been separated4. Let’s have a rest. The _______ work made me very ________.A. tired; tiredB. tiring; tiringC. tired; tiringD. tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A. addingB. to have addedC. to addD. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us ______ about what is happening in the world.A. informingB. to informC. informedD. being informed7. Everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.A. surprised; surpriseB. surprised; surprisedC. surprised; surprisingD. surprising; surprising8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.A. lookingB. watch atC. fixing onD. staring at9. The film you saw last light was made _________ on a true story that happened many years ago. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing10. After _______ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finishedB. being finishedC. having finishedD. be finishing11. Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when __________the medicine.A. you will takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken12. The students, ________ their teachers, came home.A. followedB. followC. followingD. will follow13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result. A. reached B. to reach C. would reach D. reaching14. They spent the night _________ in the room.A. having lockedB. lockingC. to be lockedD. locked15. He wrote a letter to the king ___________.A. hoping to be set freeB. to set him freeC. so that be set freeD. asked to be set free16. Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.A. make; devotedB. making; devotingC. making; devotedD. make; devoting17. ________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. WalkingB. He was walkingC. WalkedD. When he was walking18. Time should be made good use ________ our lessons well.A. of learningB. to learnC. to learningD. of to learn19. The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.A. is based onB. is on the base ofC. which is the base ofD. based upon20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_______.A. stoleB. missingC. missedD. losing21. _________ it rains, we will stay at home.A. SupposedB. SupposingC. To supposeD. If suppose22. _________ with yours, our library is _________ too small a size.A. Comparing; inB. Comparing; ofC. Compared; inD. Compared; of23. It’s dangerous to carry a hot pan with ________ oil.A. burningB. burntC. burnD. burns24. We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB. datingC. comingD. kept25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes _______ straight upwards.A. set; lookedB. set; lookingC. setting; lookedD. setting; looking26. ________ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A. Having lostB. LosingC. LostD. He was lost27. The Golden Gate Bridge, ________ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.A. which is builtB. which builtC. having builtD. built28. I suggested the cheat _________ into prison.A. referred to being putB. referred be putC. referred should be putD. referred to be put29. ___________, I went out for a walk.A. There was nothing to doB. There being nothing to doC. There had nothing to doD. Had nothing to do30. He returned home to learn that the girl ________ had been married the secretary village.A. became engaged to himB. was engaged to himC. engaged to him beforeD. got engaged to him31. __________ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.A. DisappointedB. To be disappointedC. DisappointingD. Having disappointed32. _________ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by ________ enemy soldiers.A. Hidden; armedB. Hide; armedC. hidden; armD. Hiding; armed33. To have the wonderful cloth ________ new clothes, they had the machine ______ all day long.A. made of; runningB. made of; runC. made into; workingD. made into; work34. The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _______ our Chinese 15- year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends35. If _______ in wet sand, the vegetables can_______ fresh for a long time.A. being buried; remainB. buried; remainC. buried; be remainedD. burying; remain36. _________ over and over again, but he still couldn’t understand.A. Having explainedB. having been explainedC. ExplainingD. It had been explained37. Everything _________, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.A. consideringB. taken into considerationC. to considerD. taking into consideration38. ________ from the moon, our earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “blue ball”.A. Seen; coveredB. seeing; coveringC. Seen; coveringD. To see; to cover39. A great big fellow, ________around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A. weighedB. weighingC. weighsD. weighty40. --- The plan ________ is of great importance to everybody.--- I see. He is sure to finish it on time.A. madeB. makingC. to be madeD. to make41. From the dates________ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load ________ my mind.A. taking offB. to be taken offC. having taken offD. taken off43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes ________.A. widely openB. wide openedC. widely openedD. wide open44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife ________ him.A. being supportedB. supportingC. supportedD. support45. The noise of the machines _________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.A. fixedB. being fixedC. to be fixedD. having been fixed46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute __________.A. being settledB. to be settledC. had settledD. as settled47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches, chairs, or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. seat48. __________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A. To look atB. Looking atC. Looked atD. To be looked at49. _________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A. To be judged the bestB. Having judged the bestC. Judged the bestD. Judging the best50. The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.A. informB. informingC. be informedD. informed51. ________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A. wearingB. to wearC. wornD. having worn53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed54. When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioningB. having questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned56. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited57. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt58. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded59. Having been attacked by terrorists, ___________.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists60. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. AttractedC. To be attractedD. Having attracted61. The old man, _________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked62. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known63. _________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Not completed64. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry65.He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting66. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change67. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, __________.A. exhaustingB. exhaustedC. being exhaustedD. having exhausted68. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked69. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing70. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given71. Generally speaking, _______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken72. Friendship is like money: easier made than __________.A. keptB. to be keptC. keepingD. being kept73. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited74. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen75. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun76. ________ to sunlight for too much time w ill do harm to one’s health.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed77. The bell _______ the end of the period rang, _______our heated discussion.A. indicating; interruptingB. indicated; interruptingC. indicating; interruptedD. indicated; interrupted78. Mr Reed made up his mind to devoted all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up79. __________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered80. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out81. _________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding82. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung83. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play84. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given85. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make86. _________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose87. The lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _________.A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars88. _________ and happy, Tonny stood up and accepted the prize.A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising89. A good story doesn’t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfyingC. to be unsatisfyingD. being unsatisfied90. Five people won the “ China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A. being givenB. is givenC. givenD. was given91. The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written92. The computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened93. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes __________.A. openB. to be openedC. to openD. opening94. The murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied95._________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. to giveC. GivingD. having given96. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay97. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing98. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating99. ________such heavy pollutions already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. suffered100. Sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.A. mixedB. mixingC. mixD. is mixed答案：1-10ABBDD CCDCC 11-20BCADB CDDDB 21-30BDABB CDDBC 31-40AACCB DBCBC 41-50BDDBB DCCCD 51-60CACBC CBABB 61-70BBAAD ADBDD 71-80BAABD CABBC 81-90CBAAA CDBAC 90-100DDADA CCCAA。