2020年高考英语一轮复习 句子成分
01 2023高考英语一轮复习高考真题长难句精析一点通句子成分 句子的基本类型
专题01句子成分----- 高考真题例句句子成分：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位语一、主语主语: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，是句子中的陈述对象。
（一般位于句子的开头，但有时侯在特定句式中可能省略或倒装。
充当：名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语），主语从句等。
1.A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.一门外语是生活奋斗中的一个武器。
2. Who is speaking,please?This is Lily speaking.请问，谁在讲话？我是丽丽。
2.Three will be enough.三个就够了。
4. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me.住在岛上三个月对我而言是一次难忘的经历。
5. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.我们是否会去取决于天气。
真题例句：1.（2022 全国乙卷）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruffand Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse. (名词短语做主语)2. （2020 全国卷II满分作文）Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding. (动名词短语作主语)3.（2022 全国乙卷）By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.(名词短语做主语)4. （2022 全国乙卷满分作文）What benefits most to their study is reading English books.(主语从句作主语)5.（2022全国甲卷）Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. (名词作主语)6. （2022全国甲卷）This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词短语做主语)二、谓语谓语：是对主语动作状态或特征的陈述或说明一般在主语之后。
2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第一讲学会划分句子成分为理清句式奠基学案含解析北师大
第三部分理清常用句式第一讲学会划分句子成分，为理清句式奠基句子不清、理解不明，一见长难句就发懵，皆因句子成分没划清。
划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段，所以在学习句式之前，先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。
句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。
主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。
能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。
The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。
谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。
判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。
2020优秀高考英语一轮复习 专题6 定语从句
三、介词＋关系代词的6个考查点 1．考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 风力是一种古老的能源，也许在不久的将来我们(人类)会 再次使用它。 2．考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯。 He referred to me some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。
3．why的用法。 先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，可以用why引导定语 从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which替代。The reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill. 他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。
走向高考 ·英语
人教版(课标卷地区) ·高考总复习
路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索
第二部分 语法专项突破
第二部分 专题六 定语从句
一、关系代词who，whom，whose引导定语从句 1．who和whom的用法。 (1)先行词为one，ones，anyone，those指代人时。 The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng，the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi. 我想和你谈论的人是王菲和李亚鹏，他们于周五在乌鲁木 齐签署离婚协议。
2020版高考英语(人教·全国版)一轮复习学案语法第一部分第四讲词性转换(构词法)含解析
第四讲词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。
将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。
[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。
2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．解析：education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．解析：attraction此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，应该用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。
高考一轮复习之句子成分精讲(共22张)
• ( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
• A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
• C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
• ( ) 2. The weather ____.
象(似乎)是/保持 • look / feel / taste / smell / sound / …看/感觉/尝/
闻/听起来(上去) • become / turn / get / grow / …变得
• 例如： • His job is to teach English.（不定式） • My sister is a nurse.（名词） • They were at home.（介词短语） • She got angry. （形容词） • Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）
句子成分：
• 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英 语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同， 可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语， 状语，宾语补语。
• 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什 么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代 词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
• 例如:
• Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行 车。
•
间接宾语 直接宾语
• Our teacher told us an interesting story.
•
间接宾语 直接宾语
• 宾语补足语: 在宾语的后面补充说明宾语的动作、 状态、特征。英语中有些及物动词的后边，还要 有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补 可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词 短语和从句充当。
2024届高考英语一轮复习句子成分和简单句的基本句型+课件+
〔技巧点拨〕
典例 Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __d_ai_l_y_（day） routines. 思路点拨 本句看上去结构比较复杂，但通过分析句子结构可知逗号前后为but连 接的两个并列分句，在but所在的分句中，由or连接的两个不定式短语均作目的状 语。设空处修饰routines，作定语，故可迅速确定应使用day的形容词形式。
3.主语+系动词+表语（SVP） 特点 系动词不能单独表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、 类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有： ①表示感官的动词：feel、smell、taste、sound等； ②表示状态延续的动词：remain、stay、keep等； ③表示转变、变化的动词：become、get、turn、go、run、fall、come、grow等。 The problem remains to be settled.问题尚待解决。
2.谓语 谓语表示主语的动作、状态或具有的特征,常位于主语之后。谓语的构成如下:简单 谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词加主要动词构成或 由连系动词加表语构成。 Early to bed and early to rise keeps a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起让 人健康、富足和充满智慧。（动词作谓语） The world belongs to the energetic.世界属于充满活力的人。（动词短语作谓语）
高考英语复习学案：句子成分和句子结构专题(2020版)
句子的种类和句子成分专题一、句子成分的概念句子是由各个组成部分构成的，这些组成的部分称之为句子的成分。
总体来说，一个完整的句子必须包含“主语+谓语”两个部分，这是一个句子的核心成分。
除此之外，句子成分还有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语、独立成分等。
例：1、The little eagle grew up. 小鹰长大了。
（主语）（谓语）2、The People’s Republic of China was born in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
（主语）（谓语）（时间状语）3、I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 我昨天在车站遇到了我最好的朋友汤姆。
主谓宾同位语状语二、句子的种类句子可大致分为：简单句、并列句、复合句三类。
1、简单句：只含有一套主谓结构的句子称为简单句，简单句只有一个谓语。
例：1）I went to Japan last year. 我去年去了日本。
2）These boys are playing basketball. 这些孩子正在打篮球。
2、并列句：含有两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成的句子，称之为并列句，这些简单句之间一般由并列连词或分号连接，且地位平等。
例：1）His brother is a doctor and his sister is a singer. 他哥哥是一名医生，他姐姐是一名歌手。
2）I hoped to study abroad, but fate had decided other wise. 我本来希望出国留学，但天意弄人难如愿。
3）Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice. 我不想和他商量，他也不会来征求我的意见。
【常见的并列连接词】and; but; or; yet; for; so; and so; while; whereas; as well as; rather than; not only…but also; either….or; neither….nor3、复合句：也称为主从复合句，指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分理清常用句式第三讲定语从句学案含解析牛津译林
第三讲定语从句定语从句必备知识[全析考法]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government started a soiltesting program________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：that/which 空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soiltesting program”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which。
3．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.解析：who/that 先行词是Many westerners，指人，故用who/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
高考英语句子的成分
高考英语句子的成分英语句子是由不同成分构成的，每个成分在句子中承担不同的语法功能。
在高考英语考试中，对于句子成分的理解和运用是非常重要的。
本文将介绍英语句子中常见的成分及其功能。
1. 主语（Subject）：主语是句子中的核心成分，通常表示句子所要陈述的对象。
主语可以是一个名词、代词、词组或从句等。
例如：- Tom is playing basketball.- My sister and I went to the park.2. 谓语（Predicate）：谓语是句子中描述主语动作或状态的关键成分，常由动词构成。
谓语可以是及物动词、不及物动词或系动词等。
例如：- She is reading a book.- They played football yesterday.3. 宾语（Object）：宾语是句子中接受动作的对象，一般位于及物动词之后。
宾语可以是名词、代词、词组或从句等。
例如：- I bought a new car.- He gave me a gift.4. 定语（Adjective）：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分，通常放在被修饰的词之前。
定语可以是形容词、分词、动词不定式等。
例如：- The beautiful flowers are blooming.- I met a girl wearing a red dress.5. 状语（Adverb）：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，用来说明动作或状态的具体情况。
状语可以表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。
例如：- He runs quickly.- They went to the beach last summer.6. 补语（Complement）：补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分，通常位于系动词之后。
补语可以是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语等。
例如：- She is a doctor.- The cake tastes delicious.7. 定语从句（Adjective Clause）：定语从句在句子中充当定语的功能，对名词进行修饰和限定。
高三英语一轮复习英语语法基本概念(十大词类;句子成分;基本句型;句子类型)课件(4)
十大词类、句子成分、基本句型、句子类型
制作：吴明科
PART 01
十大词类
句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：
实词 Notionat Word
名词 Noun 代词 Pronoun 动词 Verb 形容词 Adjective 副词 Adverb 数词 Numeral
No. 8 同位语
1.This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ 名词 ） 2. The news that Premier Li Keqiang passed away on Oct.27 made Chinese people deeply sad. （ 同位语从句 ）
主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补
5. 非“动作”
Michael is tall.
主语+系动词+表语
连系动词
Michael is in the room.
Michael looks tall.
SV SVO SVOO SVOC SVP
Five basic patterns of sentences
•Subject + Verb(SV) Michael sleeps. •Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP) Michael likes you. •Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) I teach you English. •Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object( SVOO) I consider you smart. •Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement ( SVOC) Michael is tall.
高考英语一轮复习之句子成分分析课件
谓语在哪里
They enjoyed playing computer games. He looked after two boys. We have finished reading this book. They can speak English well.
表示动作, 行为的对象 说明主语“做什么”
5. （adj.） 表示人或事物的 He is small but he is clever. 形容词 特征或性状。 The red pen is useful for the teacher.
He painted the wall white yesterday.
6.（adv.） 副词
表示动作的特征 或性状特征。
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须 和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.
They speaks English well.
They can speak English well.
谓语
The students run every morning. 中心词
The students must run every morning.
）
7. What he needs is a book. （
）
8. It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree.
（
）
代词，即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词。
人称代词：I, you, he/she, it, we, they 物主代词：my, our, your,... mine, ours, yours 指示代词：this, that, these, those This is my favorite magazine. 不定代词：nothing, everything, everybody, nobody...
2020版高考英语人教版一轮复习练习：必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humour(含解析)
2020版高考英语人教版一轮复习练习Unit 3 A taste of English humourⅠ.阅读理解AA trip to LondonMy family had dreamed of a trip to London for a long time.Luckily it was possible for us to realize our dream because all of us were free on the weekend.We planned to drive into Cambridge and caught the 7: 34 train to Liverpool Street Station.Then my wife and I would separate from Joan,my wife’s sister,to do different things and finally meet again for lunch.And after lunch,we would go to the concert.But we were late because of a thick London fog.The train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there.In spite of our late arrival,Joan decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping.It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn’t decided where we should meet for lunch.Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket,this was indeed a problem.We didn’t have any mobile phones at that time.There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London,and trying to find her there.Needless to say,wedidn’t find her.It was now one o’clock,and the concert began at 2:30.“Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,” said my wife hopefully.By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop,and the only way to get there was by subway.Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be.An hour later we were still trying to find it.Just when I was about to become angry,we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog.With his help we found the subway station which was just fifty meters down the road.By now it was far too late to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30,so we decided to return to Cambridge.It took seven hours instead of the usual two to make that journey.Nor were we able to get any food or drink on the train.We were tired andhungry.We finally reached home at ten.Opening the door we were amazed to find Joan at home; she had seen the Crown Jewels,had managed to get another ticket for the concert,and had hada wonderful dinner at a restaurant.Of course,she managed to get home,too.Oh,my god!1.What did the writer plan to do after lunch that day?A.Go to the concert.B.Return to Cambridge.C.Go shopping.D.See the Crown Jewels.2.The writer and his wife separated from Joan because .A.they were late for the concertB.Joan didn’t want to go to the concertC.there was a thick fogD.they planned to do different things until lunchtime3.Who helped the writer find the subway station?A.A taxi driver.B.A blind man.C.His wife.D.Joan.4.The writer and his wife felt on the train back home.A.quite interestedB.rather disappointedC.tired and hungryD.very enjoyable语篇解读:本文讲述作者一家周末去伦敦的旅行。
2024年高考英语一轮复习第20讲句子成分和基本句型(核心考点)
第20讲句子成分和基本句型（核心考点精讲精练）【命题规律】英语句子结构和成分是高中英语教学的重要内容，是理解文章的基础，广泛运用于阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空和写作中。
分析近年高考可知，长难句的比重日益增加，掌握词类、句子成分和结构，可以读懂文意，并理解长难句之间的逻辑关系，同时也有助于句型的记忆。
【备考策略】1.掌握五大简单句型;2.掌握八大句子成分;3. 掌握句子种类;4. 掌握长难句解题要领。
【命题预测】预计2024年高考，词类、句子成分和结构仍然不会直接考查，长难句的理解共和分析仍然是难点。
考点一五大简单句型简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。
简单句型一：S＋V (主＋谓)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S V (不及物动词)1.Time flies.2.The moon rose.[特别注意]主语可有修饰语——定语，谓语可有修饰语——状语。
The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。
简单句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
易混点 1 ：只带Ving 做宾语的动词有：suggest，advise，stop，resist，enjoy，imagine，finish，admit，excuse，delay，practise, consider，keep，mind，understand，avoid，miss，risk ，succeed in，be busy，be worth，be used to，give up，lookforward to易混点 2 ：带to do 做宾语的动词有：offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse，dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect，fail，pretend，choose, seem,agree, etc.简单句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
高中英语高考复习句子成分详解(共五种)
高考英语句子成分英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）和同位插入。
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大｡这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词.副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语.不定式短语和分词短语)｡我们称之为:定语.状语一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰.限定作用的词.短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示｡定语通常位于被修饰的成分前｡若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something.nothing);或不定式.分词短语作定语.从句作定语时,则定语通常置后｡副词用作定语时须放在名词之后｡1.形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔｡Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩｡There is a good boy.有个乖男孩｡数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔｡The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生｡There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩｡代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔｡His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆｡There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩｡介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔｡The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆｡There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩｡名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔｡It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔｡There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔｡2.副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom｡3.不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆｡There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做｡4.分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔｡The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的｡There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩｡5.定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔｡The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆｡There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个｡二、状语状语修饰动词.形容词.副词或全句,说明方式.因果.条件.时间.地点.让步.方向.程度.目的等｡状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间.地点.目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词.助动词.情态动词之后,动词之前｡有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'1.副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔｡(宾语较长则状语前置)The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔｡(时间状语)2.介词短语作状语In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔｡(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)3.分词(短语)作状语He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔｡(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔｡(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿｡(原因状语)4.不定式作状语The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业｡(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣｡5.名词作状语Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)状语从句:时间状语从句.地点状语从句.原因状语从句.结果状语从句.目的状语从句.比较状语从句.让步状语从句.条件状语从句三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语｡如: We students should study hard./ (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students./ (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)｡感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等｡肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语:称呼人的用语｡插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等｡如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语)perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等｡五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
2020_2021学年高考英语语法核心考点复习句子成分知识点
句子成分知识点【只有分析清楚句子成分，才能够理解句子结构。
】一个句子是由作用不同的各个部分所组成的，这些组成部分被称为句子成分。
句子成分可以是单词，也可以是短语或句子。
在句中起主要作用的句子成分有主语和谓语，称为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语等，称为次要成分。
1. 主语主语是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，通常用名词或相当于名词的词（即：名词、形容词或分词（与定冠词the连用表示一类人或物）、数词、代词、动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）以及主语从句等）担任。
一般置于句首。
如：Boy students like to play football on the playground after school.男学生们喜欢放学后到操场上踢足球。
（名词作主语）The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
（形容词与定冠词the连用表示一类人或物作主语）The wounded have been taken good care of.受伤的人都得到了很好的照顾。
（分词与定冠词the连用表示一类人或物作主语）Five and ten is fifteen.五加十等于十五。
（数词作主语）He has left Beijing for Paris.他已经离开北京去巴黎。
（代词作主语）It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语是不容易的。
（动词不定式短语作主语，it是形式主语）Watching TV too much is bad for health.看电视过多对健康不利。
（动名词短语作主语）What we shall do next will be decided at the meeting tomorrow.下一步我们做什么将在明天的会议上作决定。
（主语从句作主语）注：有时可以将表示时间、地点的词用作主语。
一轮复习句子成分及基本结构
2. He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
3. The news that our team has won the match is true.
简单句的八种基本类型
基本句型 一
Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。
eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was traveling
too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
8.She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语）
找出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was
同位语
对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. （our new teacher是主语Mr. Smith的同位语，指同一人。）
1. Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
找出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn’t done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English.
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2020;2020年高考英语一轮语法复习：句子成分一. 主语主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有单词、短语和从句。
1．名词作主语。
如：A tree has fallen across the road.2．代词用作主语。
如：You’re not far wrong.注意: * 反身代词不能充当句子主语。
如You can express yourself at the meeting. * 指人的不定代词（someone, somebody ,no one, nobody, anyone, anybody ,everyone, everybody）与指物的不定代词(something, anything, everything ,nothing）做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:everyone is here。
但是都不能跟of短语，不能说someone of ， no one of， something of，但是可以说every one of，none of。
做主语反意疑问句用复数，everyone is here，aren’t they？但是 someone lost his pen，didn’t he？3．数词用作主语。
如：Three is enough.4．名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work.当the+adj表示抽象名词时谓语动词采用单数形式。
The new replaces the old。
（新陈代谢）5．不定式用作主语。
如：To find your way can be a problem.注意：动词不定式做主语, 通常有两种情形: 一种是不定式直接放在句首(这种形式较少),另一种是用it做形式主语,把不定式置于句末,达到平衡句子的目的.To see is to believe. Seeing is believing。
（眼见为实）It’s nice of you to help me with my English.6．动名词用作主语。
如：Smoking is bad for you.注意：不定式与动名词做主语一般来说差别不大，有时两者可以互换。
但按照传统语法来说，动名词表示说话人的习惯、爱好或事抽象动作；而动词不定式表示具体的、一次性动作。
例如：Smoking is prohibited here .It's not very good for you to smoke so much.7．从句用作主语。
如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.二．谓语谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1．由简单的动词构成。
(1). What happened?(2). He worked hard all day today.2．由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). The plane took off at ten o’clock.(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。
这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。
如：(1). I had a swim yesterday.（had a swim 代替了swam）(2). Take a look at that!！（take a look 代替了 look）(3). He gave a sigh.（gave a sigh 代替了sighed）(4). I got a good shake-up.（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)）三．表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
它也可以说是一种主语补语。
它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。
在系表结构钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。
可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1．The wedding was that Sunday.（名词）2．So that’s that.（代词）3．We are seven.（数词）4．Are you busy?（形容词）5．Are you there?（电话用语）（副词）6．All I could do was to wait.（不定式）7． Is that asking so much?（动名词）8．I was so much surprised at it.（过去分词）9．She is in good health.（介词短语）10．Is that why you were angry?（从句）四．宾语宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。
如：Our team beat all the others.可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
1．Do you fancy a drink?（名词）2．They won’t hurt us.（代词）3．If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.（数词）。
4．I shall do my possible.（名词化形容词）5．He left there last week.（副词）6．Does she really mean to leave home?（不定式）7．He never did the unexpected(想不到的，意外的). （名词化的分词）8．Do you understand what I mean?（从句）注意：（一）.宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。
直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物（多指人），具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等，间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。
如：I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
(二).英语中有些常用搭配，直接宾语和间接宾语交换位置后介词不能省略，常见的有：appologize to sb for sth, explain to sb sth五．补语补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。
补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语（subject complement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语（object complement）.(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。
如：The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等1.They named the child Jimmy.（名词用作并与补语）2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. （名词短语作宾语补语）3. He boiled the egg hard.（形容词用作宾语补语）4.I found the book very interesting.（形容词短语用作宾补）5.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. （不定式用作宾语补语）6.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.（动名作宾补）7.Don’t take his kindness for granted.(介词短语)六．定语定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。
可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句.1．形容词用作定语是大量的。
（1）. She is a natural musician.（2）. He must be the best violinist alive.（后置定语）2. 名词用作定语。
如（1）. A baby girl 女婴（2）. well water 井水（3）. Sports car 双座轻型汽车（4）. A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂2．代词作定语。
（1）. Your hair needs cutting.（物主代词用作定语）（2）. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。
（不定代词所有格作定语）3．数词作定语（1）. There’s only one way to do it.（2）. Do it now, you may not get a second chance.基数词用作后置定语： page 24 Room 201 the year 19494. 副词充当定语时常后置，如：the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日5．不定式用作定语（1）. Her promise to write was forgotten.（2）. That’s the way to do it.6．动名词用作定语.A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法7．分词充当定语a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花8．介词短语用作定语。