海上风电场海水养殖一体化

Perceived Concerns and Advocated

Organisational Structures of Ownership

Supporting ‘Offshore Wind Farm

—Mariculture Integration’

表示关注和主张

组织结构的企业

支持“离岸风场

—海水养殖一体化”

Gesche Krause, Robert Maurice Griffin and Bela Hieronymus Buck 1Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen

1莱布尼兹热带海洋生态中心(ZMT),不莱梅

2Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island

2环境与自然资源经济学院，罗德岛大学

3Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science (AWI), Bremerhaven

3阿尔弗雷德韦格纳极地和海洋科学研究所(AWI),不来梅港

4Institute for Marine Resources (IMARE), Bremerhaven

4海洋资源研究所(IMARE),不来梅港

5University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven

5不莱梅应用科学技术大学，不来梅港

1,3,4,5Germany

1,2,4,5 德国

2USA

2 美国

1. Introduction

1.引言

In Germany a major political incentive exists currently to install large offshore wind farms (Tiedemann, 2003; BMU/Stiftung Offshore Windenergie, 2007). The promotion of wind power especially in offshore regions is mainly driven by the policy to reduce dependence on conventional fossil energy resources as well as the need to reduce the environmentally harmful CO2 loads.

在德国建设海上的风场寻在强大的政策刺激(Tiedemann, 2003; BMU/Stiftung Offshore Windenergie, 2007).促进近海风电巨大发展的主要动力是减少常规化石能源的依赖和减轻环境二氧化碳的符合。

Offshore wind farms are defined here as a group of wind turbines in the same confined area used for production of electric power in the open ocean. Moving off the coast to the offshore, wind turbines are less obtrusive than turbines on land, as their apparent size and noise is mitigated by distance.

近海风场被定义为在公海一有限区域内一组用于电力生产的风力发电机组。由于是离岸布置，风电机组相比陆上压迫感更低，距离的原因使得外观尺寸和噪音都有缓和。

Since water has less surface roughness than land (especially in deeper waters), the average wind speed is usually considerably higher over the open water. At present 47 project applications for wind farms in the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) of the German North Sea and in the Baltic Sea are in the planning process (BSH, 2008) with a total number of wind turbines per farm ranging between 80 and 500 (Buck et al., 2008).

由于水（尤其是深海）相比陆地表面粗糙度更低，平均风速通常高于公共水面。目前47%的项目在北海经济特区（EEZ）而在计划中的位于波罗的海（BSH，2008），每个厂的风机规模在80到500台之间(Buck et al., 2008)。

The strong expansion of offshore wind farms in the marine environment of the North Sea increases the stress on sea areas that have formerly been used for other purposes, such as for fishery or shipping activities, or that are still seemingly free of human activity (Krause et al., 2003; Wirtz et al., 2003).

离岸机组在北海环境中的巨大扩张增加了海域负担，这些海域原来用于诸如渔场，航运或者似乎仍未被人类活动沾染（Krause et al., 2003; Wirtz et al., 2003）。Hence, the emerging offshore wind industry is quickly becoming a large stakeholder in the offshore arena (Gierloff-Emden, 2002; Dahlke, 2002; Tiedemann, 2003). This has lead to conflicts of interest among the different user groups and has encouraged research on the prospects of integrating maritime activities under a combined management scheme as newcomers such as wind farms make for additional claims exclude other uses, such as wild-harvest fisheries.

因此，新兴的离岸风电产业迅速成为离岸区域一巨大的利益相关者（Gierloff-Emden, 2002; Dahlke, 2002; Tiedemann, 2003）。这将导致不同组织之间利益的冲突，也将会促使在联合管理方案下集成海洋活动前景的研究，比如风电场对野生渔业额外补偿。

In this context, integrating marine aquaculture with designated wind farm areas might provide chances to combine two industries in the frame of a multiple-use concept