学术写作中常用高级用词替换

常用词的学术替换

动词替换：

1.Improve 提高：

Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company.

Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced.

Enhance: the publi city has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望

2.change 改变：

Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构

3.Emphasize 强调：

Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects.

Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children.

Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.

(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多)

4.Develop培养：

Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.

Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.

5.Break 破坏：

Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。

Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility

Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程

Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏the earthquake devastated the whole city.

6.Keep 保存

Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。

7.deal With解决

Tackle: tackle the problem.

Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。

8.need 需要

Require：xxx requires courage and confidence.

Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。

call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样

说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法

形容词替换：

1.Everywhere 普遍的

Widespread: 随便用

Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.

Overflow：泛滥the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.

Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。

H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥

2.Good 好的（太多了）

Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive…

Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system. Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业

3.Harmful 有害的

Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting

Inhumane: 没人性的

lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.)

severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)

abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)

Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.

Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。

4.Rich 富有的

Wealthy、Affluent、ample

There are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！)

5.Poor 贫穷的

Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷：The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.）an impoverished student.

7.Serious 严重的

Severe

8.Obvious 明显的

Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system.

Apparent、Evident

Patent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。

9.cheap 便宜的

Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economically affordable housing。

Inexpensive=cheap

Reasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable price

Affordable：能够支付的。

名词替换：

1.Forefather 祖先

Ancestor、Predecessor

2.Difference不同

Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-4/6