英语学习——被动语态(用法+例句) ppt

4. 现在完成时 主动: have/ has done He has repaired my car. 被动： have/ has been done My car has been repaired ( by him). The party has been planned since last year.
一般现在时：is / are + -ed
一般过去时：was / were + -ed 一般将来时：will be + -ed 过去将来时：would be + -ed 现在进行时：is / are being + -ed 过去进行时：was / were being + -ed 现在完成时：have(has) been + -ed 过去完成时：had been + ed 由上表中我们可以看出，不管是何种时态的被动 语态，助动词 be 是不可省略的。
• 6、含有情态动词的被动语态： 主动：情态动词(can, may, must, should, could, used to)+ do You can’t move the desks away 被动：情态动词(can, may, must, should, could, used to)+ be +done The desks can’t be moved away. 这些桌子不能被搬走。 Old people should be spoken to politely. 对老年人讲话要有礼貌。 注意：此时的do, does, did 和done(过去分词)必须 是及物动词。不及物动词后无宾语，所以无法改为 被动语态。
Passive ce
Passive voice
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态的主语是动作的执行者，被动语 态中的主语是动作的承受者，即主动语态 中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语 态。
• 一、被动语态的构成： • 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词” 构成。be动词要随着人称和数的变化而 变化。规则动词的过去分词与动词的过 去式一样直接加-ed ，不规则动词的过去 分词有自己的特殊形式。被动语态的时 态是通过be的变化来表示的。请看下列3 种。
1.一般现在时： 主动：do/does We clean the classroom every day. Do Many people speak English in the world? 被动：be (am, is, are) +done (及物动词的过 去分词) The classroom is cleaned every day. 每天都要打扫教室。 Is English spoken by many people in the world? 世界上好多人都要讲英语吗？
1. I told him a long story. He was told a long story. I told a long story to him. A story was told to him. 2. My mother bought me a new coat. I was bought a new coat. A coat was bought for me. 跟双宾语的动词有两个宾语，直接宾语和间接 宾语，如，show me( 间接宾语） your photos（直接宾语）
三、主动语态变成被动语态： 1、主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语。 2、把谓语动词变为被动结构，时态要和主动语态的时态一致。 3、主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，人称代词主格要变为 宾格形式。例如： （1） We clean the windows once a week. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 The windows are cleaned by us once a week. 主语 谓语 介词短语 状语 （2） You can’t play football on the street. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 Football can’t be played on the street. 主语 谓语 状语
2.一般过去时： 主动：did The boy broke the window yesterday. Did they build the bridge last year? 被动：be的过去时（was, were）+done The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 昨天那个孩子把窗子打碎了。 Was the bridge built last year ( by them)? 这座桥是去年建的吗？
一、被动语态可以用get + 过去分词， 多用于口语中，后面不加by 短语。 Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads. The boy got hurt on his way to school.
二、被动语态的主要用法： 1、不知道动作的执行者是谁： 她的钱包被盗了 Her wallet was stolen. 。 这所医院是很久以成立的。 The hospital was set up long time ago. 汤姆的母亲一被送到医院就立刻做手术。 Tom’s mother was operated on at once when she was taken to the hospital. 2.强调动作的承受者： 有人看见他夜里走进这房子。 He was seen to enter the house at night. 3.动作的执行者不重要： 那辆车是长春制造的。 That car was made in Changchun. He was born in 1992.
1. We are building a bridge over the river now. A bridge is being built over the river now. 2.We have built a bridge over the river now. A bridge has been built over the river now. 3.We will build a bridge over the river next year A bridge will be built over the river next year 4. We built a bridge over the river last year. A bridge was built over the river last year. 5. We should repair the stairs at once. The stairs should be repaired at once.
6.We held a sports meeting last Friday. A sports meeting was held last Friday by us. 7.We must turn off the lights before leaving. The lights must be turned off before leaving. 8.My parents should allow me to choose my own clothes. I should be allowed to choose my own clothes. 9.You can’t do it this way. It can’t be done this way. 10.Mr. Green gave us some advice on English study last week. We were given some advice on English study last week by Mr. Green. Some advice was given to me on English study last week by Mr. Green.
1.They plant trees every spring. Trees are planted every spring. 2.The farmers grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south by the farmers. 3.Her parents don’t allow her to hang out at night. She isn’t allowed to hang out at night by her parents. 4.They made a music video last month. A music video was made last month by them. 5. cut down many trees in the past. Many trees were cut down in the past by them.
5.现在进行时 主动：am/ is / are doing They are discussing the question at the meeting. Their aunt is taking care of the children. 被动：am/is are being done The question is being discussed at the meeting. The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
以下情况主动句不能变为被动句
1.谓语是 1)及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit( 使受益）等。 2) 不能拆分的take place, lose heart, change color, belong to, consist of等。 2.宾语是 1）反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语( live a happy life) 2) 身体的某一个部分， 如，shake one’s head. 3）某些抽象名词，如interest 等。