年产五万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计设计

年产五万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计设计

目录

中文摘要 (1)

英文摘要 (2)

1 引言 (4)

1.1 氨的基本用途 (1)

1.2 合成氨技术的发展趋势 (3)

1.3 合成氨常见工艺方法 (4)

1.3.1 高压法 (4)

1.3.2 中压法 (4)

1.3.3 低压法 (4)

1.4 设计条件 (4)

1.5 物料流程示意图 (5)

2 物料衡算 (7)

2.1 合成塔入口气组成 (7)

2.2 合成塔出口气组成 (8)

2.3 合成率计算 (10)

2.4 氨分离器出口气液组成计算 (10)

2.5 冷交换器分离出的液体组成 (15)

2.6 液氨贮槽驰放气和液相组成的计算 (16)

2.7 液氨贮槽物料衡算 (20)

2.8 合成循环回路总物料衡算 (21)

3 能量衡算 (38)

3.1 合成塔能量衡算 (38)

3.2废热锅炉能量衡算 (41)

3.3 热交换器能量衡算 (43)

3.4 软水预热器能量衡算 (44)

3.5 水冷却器和氨分离器能量衡算 (45)

3.6 循环压缩机能量衡算 (47)

3.7 冷交换器与氨冷器能量衡算 (49)

3.8 合成全系统能量平衡汇总 (51)

4 设备选型及管道计算 (53)

4.1 管道计算 (53)

4.2 设备选型 (60)

结论 (61)

致谢 (63)

参考文献 (64)

年产五万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计

摘要：本次课程设计任务为年产五万吨合成氨工厂合成工段的工艺设计，氨合成工艺流程一般包括分离和再循环、氨的合成、惰性气体排放等基本步

骤，上述基本步骤组合成为氨合成循环反应的工艺流程。其中氨合成工

段是合成氨工艺的中心环节。新鲜原料气的摩尔分数组成如下：H

2

73.25%，N

2 25.59%， CH

4

1.65%,Ar 0.51%合成操作压力为31MPa，

合成塔入口气的组成为NH

3(3.0%),CH

4

+Ar(15.5%),要求合成塔出口气中

氨的摩尔分数达到17%。通过查阅相关文献和资料，设计了年产五万吨

合成氨厂合成工段的工艺流程，并借助CAD技术绘制了该工艺的管道及

仪表流程图和设备布置图。最后对该工艺流程进行了物料衡算、能量衡

算，并根据设计任务及操作温度、压力按相关标准对工艺管道的尺寸和

材质进行了选择。

关键词：物料衡算，氨合成，能量衡算

The Design of 50kt/a Synthetic Ammonia

Process

Abstract: There are many types of Ammonia synthesis technology and process, Generally,they includes ammonia synthesis, separation and recycling,

inert gases Emissions and other basic steps, Combining the above

basic steps turnning into the ammonia synthesis reaction and

recycling process , in which ammonia synthesis section is the central

part of a synthetic ammonia process.

The task of curriculum design is the ammonia synthesis

section of an annual fifty thousand tons synthetic ammonia

plant . The composition of fresh feed gas is:

H2(73.77%),N2(24.56%),CH4(1.27%),Ar(0.4%), the

temperature is 35℃, the operating pressure is 31MPa, the

inlet gas composition of the Reactor is :

NH3(3.0%),CH4+Ar(15.7%),it Requires the mole fraction

of ammonia reacheds to 16.8% of outlet gas of synthesis

reactor. By consulting the relevant literature and

information,we designed the ammonia synthesis section of

an annual fifty thousand tons synthetic ammonia plant,

with the help of CAD technology,we designed piping and

instrument diagram and equipment layout. Finally,we did

the material balance accounting ,and the energy balance

accounting of the process, also we selected piping size and

material according to the design operation of temperature,

pressure and relevant standards .

Keywords: ammonia synthesis section material balance accounting energy balance accounting