内燃机专业英语一
发动机专业英语词汇
发动机分类1 往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine2 化油器式发动机carburetor engine3 转子发动机rotary engine4 旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine5 二冲程发动机two-stroke engine6 四冲程发动机four-stroke engine7 增压式发动机supercharged engine8 风冷式发动机air-cooled engine9 油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine10 水冷式发动机water-cooled engine11 自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine12 煤气机gas engine13 液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine14 柴油煤气机diesel gas engine15 多种燃料发动机multifuel engine16 石油发动机hydrocarbon engine17 双燃料发动机duel fuel engine18 热球式发动机hot bulb engine19 多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine20 对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine21 对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine22 十字头型发动机cross head engine23 直列式发动机in-line engine24 星型发动机radial engine25 筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine26 斯特林发动机stirling engine27 套阀式发动机knight engine28 气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine29 倾斜式发动机slant engine30 前置式发动机front-engine31 后置式发动机rear-engine32 中置式发动机central engine33 左侧发动机left-hand engine34 右侧发动机right-hand engine35 短冲程发动机oversquare engine36 长冲程发动机undersquare engine37 等径程发动机square engine38 顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine39 双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine40 V形发动机V-engine41 顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine42 侧置气门发动机side valve engine43 无气门发动机valveless engine44 多气门发动机multi-valve engine45 卧式发动机horizontal engine46 斜置式发动机inclined engine47 立式发动机vertical engine48 W形发动机w-engine49 I形发动机I-engine50 L形发动机L-engine51 F形发动机F-engine52 原机Engine prototype发动机性能53 二冲程循环two-stroke cycle54 四冲程循环four-stroke cycle55 狄塞尔循环diesel cycle56 奥托循环otto cycle57 混合循环mixed cycle58 定容循环constant volume cycle59 工作循环working cycle60 等压循环constant pressure cycle61 理想循环ideal cycle62 热力循环thermodynamic cycle63 冲程stroke64 活塞行程piston stroke65 长行程long stroke66 上行程up stroke67 下行程down stroke68 进气行程intake stroke69 充气行程charging stroke70 压缩行程compression stroke71 爆炸行程explosion stroke72 膨胀行程expansion stroke73 动力行程power stroke74 排气行程exhaust stroke75 膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke76 换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke77 上止点top dead center(upper dead center)78 下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center)79 上止点前budc(before upper dead center)80 上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)81 下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)82 下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center)83 排气量displacement84 发动机排量engine displacement85 活塞排量piston swept volume86 气缸容量cylinder capacity87 单室容量single-chamber capacity88 容积法volumetry89 压缩比compression ratio90 临界压缩比critical compression ratio91 膨胀比expansion ratio92 面容比surface to volume ratio93 行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio94 混合比mixture ratio95 压缩压力compression pressure96 制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep)97 空燃比air fuel ratio98 燃空比fuel air ratio99 燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio100 扭矩torque101 单缸功power per cylinder102 升功率power per liter103 升扭矩torque per liter104 升质量mass per liter105 减额功率derating power106 输出马力shaft horsepower107 马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour108 总马力gross horse power109 总功率gross power110 净功率net power111 燃油消耗量fuel consumption112 比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption113 空气消耗率air consumption114 机油消耗量oil consumption115 有效马力net horse power116 额定马力rated horse power117 马力重量系数horsepower-weight factor118 制动功率brake horse power119 制动热效率brake thermal efficiency120 总效率overall efficiency121 排烟极限功率smoke limiting horsepower122 功率曲线power curve123 机械损失mechanical loss124 机械效率mechanical efficiency125 有效热效率effective thermal efficiency126 充气系数volumetric efficiency127 过量空气系数coefficient of excess air128 适应性系数adaptive coefficient129 扭矩适应性系数coefficient of torque adaptibility130 转速适应性系数speed adaptive coefficient 131 强化系数coefficient of intensification132 校正系数correction factor133 换算系数conversion factor134 活塞平均速度mean piston speed135 发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency) 136 充量（进气）charge137 旋转方向direction of rotation138 顺时针clockwise139 逆时针counter-clockwise140 左转left-hand rotation141 右转right-hand rotation142 发动机性能engine performance143 加载性能loading performance144 起动性能starting performance145 加速性能acceleration performance146 动力性能power performance147 排放性能emission performance148 燃油经济性Fuel economy149 排放Exhaust emissions150 大的燃烧噪声Large combustion noise151 预混合燃烧Premixed combustion152 扩散燃烧Diffusion combustion153 大的EGR率Heavy EGR154 推迟喷油时间Retarding the injection timing, 155 推迟喷油时间Delaying the fuel injection timing, 156 燃烧激振力Combustion excitation forces (CPL) 157 CO2排放Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions158 温室气体Greenhouse gas159 热效率Thermal efficiency160 辅助涡流室Auxiliary swirl chamber161 黑烟Black smoke162 Nox氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides163 PM颗粒物Particulate matter164 EGR废气再循环Exhaust gas recirculation165 燃油供给系统The fuel injection system166 在低负荷区In the low load region167 气缸压力The cylinder pressure level168 曲轴转角The crank angle169 1/3倍频程1/3 octave band of the frequency 170 全负荷Full load171 部分负荷Partial load172 声压级Sound pressure level173 发动机扭矩Engine torque174 燃烧噪声Combustion noise175 机械噪声Mechanical noise176 涡轮增压的Turbocharged177 涡轮增压器Turbocharger178 着火燃迟期The ignition delay period179 喷油泵The fuel injection pump180 增压中冷柴油机Intercooled turbocharged diesel181 碳化氢Hydrocarbon (HC)182 进气管几何尺寸Intake port geometry183 水平轴Horizontal axis184 声功率Sound power level185 竖直轴Vertical axis186 辐射噪声Radiation noise187 发动机测功机engine dynamometer188 零负荷到中等负荷Idling to a medium-load189 振幅Amplitude190 气缸体振动Cylinder block vibration191 声压级Sound pressure level192 随着曲轴转角In relation to the crank angle193 最大汽缸压力The maximum cylinder pressure194 最大汽缸压力升高率The cylinder pressure gradient195 共轨系统Common-rail system196 可变喷嘴涡轮增压器variable nozzle turbocharger197 引导喷射pilot injection198 4气门DOHC系统4-valve DOHC system199 计算机辅助工程CAE computer-aided engineering200 固有噪声Born noise201 侧面挠度lateral bending202 排气岐管exhaust manifold203 进气岐管intake manifold204 交流发电机alternator205 齿轮箱gear case206 供油泵supply pump207 起动机starter208 共振频率resonance frequency209 气缸压力快速升高率the rapid rising rate of cylinder pressure 210 主喷量和主喷时间main injection volume, timing211 共轨油压fuel pressure in a common-rail212 放热率heat release ratio213 步进电机step-motor214 频谱图frequency spectrum map215 油膜oil film216 机械噪声mechanical noise217 识别identify218 变量variable219 隔离声音的传播途径Isolate sound transmission routes 220 衰减Attenuation221 半消声室Semi-ane choic chamber222 系数Coefficient223 正时带Timing belt224 台架实验Bench test225 气门驱动凸轮Valve-drive cam226 传递系数Transfer coefficient227 矢量vector228 气穴现象Cavitation229 微处理器microprocessor230 执行器actuator231 电控泵electronically controlled pump构造232 气缸盖cylinder head233 气缸体cylinder block234 整体铸造cast inblock (cast enblock)235 发动机罩engine bonnet236 气缸体加强筋engine block stiffening rib237 气缸cylinder238 示功图indicator chart/diagram239 缸体（转子机）stator240 缸径cylinder bore241 气缸体机架cylinder block frame242 配气机构箱valve mechanism casing243 气缸体隔片cylinder spacer244 气缸盖密封环cylinder head ring gasket245 气缸盖垫片cylinder head gasket246 气缸套cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)247 干式缸套dry cylinder liner248 湿式缸套wet cylinder liner249 气缸水套water jacket250 膨胀塞expansion plug251 防冻塞freeze plug252 气缸壁cylinder wall253 环脊ring ridge254 排气口exhaust port255 中间隔板intermediate bottum256 导板guideway257 创成半径（转子机）generating radius258 缸体宽度（转子机）operating width259 燃烧室combustion bowl260 浅盆形缩口燃烧室shallow reentrant combustion chamber 261 主燃烧室main combustion chamber262 副燃烧室subsidiary combustion chamber263 预燃室prechamber264 涡流燃烧室` swirl combustion chamber265 分开式燃烧室divided combustion chamber266 涡流式燃烧室turbulence combustion chamber267 半球形燃烧室hemispherical combustion chamber268 浴盆形燃烧室bathtub section combustion chamber269 L 形燃烧室L-combustion chamber270 楔形燃烧室wedge-section combustion chamber271 开式燃烧室open combustion chamber272 封闭喷射室closed spray chamber273 活塞顶内燃烧室piston chamber274 爆发室explosion chamber275 燃烧室容积比volume ratio of combustion cahmber276 发动机托架engine holding frame engine277 动力机装置power unit278 直喷柴油机DI（direct-injection）diesel engine279 非直喷柴油机IDI（Indirect-injection）diesel engine 280 动力传动系power train281 连杆connecting rod282 油底壳oil pan283 活塞销piston pin284 气缸套cylinder bore285 凸轮齿cam gear286 空气室energy chamber287 气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume288 燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume289 气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume290 压缩室compression chamber291 外径major diameter292 中径pitch diameter293 内径minor diameter294 径向间隙radial clearance295 两极调速器limiting_speed governor296 特性297 空转特性no load characteristics298 负荷特性part throttle characteristics（汽油机）load characteristics299 调速特性governor control characteristics300 万有特性mapping characteristics301 稳定调速率steady state speed governing rate工况302 怠速转速idling speed303 经济转速economic speed304 起动转速starting speed305 最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load306 最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque307 最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed308 调速speed governing309 超速overspeed310 怠速idling311 转速波动率speed fluctuation rate312 工况working condition(operating mode)313 额定工况declared working condition314 变工况variable working condition315 稳定工况steady working condition316 空载no-load317 全负荷full load318 超负荷overload319 部分负荷part load320 怠速控制idling-speed control321 怠速工况idling condition322 起动工况starting condition323 起动转速cranking speed324 急减速工况abrupt decreasing condition325 加速工况accelerating condition326 驻车park327 调速Speed governing328 应急[跛行]模式limp-in mode排放329 Emission Standards in the EU 欧洲排放标准330 Fuel Quality 燃油质量331 Conformity of Production (COP) 生产一致性检测332 Fuel Consumption 燃油消耗333 Exhaust Emission Measurement 排放检测334 tailpipe 排气管335 Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳336 emissions of crankcase gases 曲轴箱燃油蒸发排放量337 Ageing test 耐久性试验338 EPEFE = European Program on Emssions, Fuels and Engine Technologies 欧洲的排放、燃油及发339 动机技术项目340 fuel properties 燃油质量341 Car Manufacturers 汽车制造商342 Impact of vehicle emissions on air quality 排放对空气质量的影响343 Cetane no. 十六烷值344 Evaporation characteristic 蒸发特性345 Sulfur-free Fuels 无硫燃油346 Testcycle 测试循环347 NEDC = New European Driving Cycle 新的欧洲标准测试循环348 Loading of charcoal canister 炭罐吸附349 preconditioning (PC) 预处理350 ESC=European steady state cycle 稳态循环351 ELR=European load response test 负荷烟度试验352 ETC=European transient cycle瞬态循环353 EEV=Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicle 环境友好汽车354 ambient temperature 环境温度355 λ-sensor λ传感器356 exceeding emission limits) 排放超出限值357 Roadworthiness-Tests 道路适应性检测358at free acceleration 在自由加速工况下359 catalyst 催化转化器360 natural aspirated 自然吸气机型361 turbo charged 涡轮增压机型362 Emission Control Technologies 排放控制技术363 Three-way catalyst 三元催化转化器364 catalyst coating 催化转化器涂层365 secondary air injection 二次空气喷366 exhaust gas recirculation 排气再循环系统367 oxidation catalyst 氧化催化转化器368 piezo injection valves 压电式喷油阀369 PowerStations 发电机组370 Anthropogenic 人为因素371 ACEA = European Car Manufacturer Association 欧洲汽车制造商协会372 Target corridor 标范围373 Target value目标值374 CFV 临界流量文丘里管（Critical flow venturi）375 CLD 化学发光检测器（Chemiluminescent detector）376 FID 氢火焰离子化检测器（Flame ionisation detector）377 GC 气相色谱仪（Gas chromatograph）378 HCLD 加热式化学发光检测器（Heated chemiluminescent detector）379 HFID 加热式氢火焰离子化检测器（Heated flame ionisation detector）380 LPG 液化石油气（Liquefied petroleum gas）381 NDIR 不分光红外线分析仪（Non-dispersive infrared analyzer）382 NG 天然气（Natural gas）383 NMC 非甲烷截止器（Non-methane cutter）384 Rated power 额定功率。
Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine(1)
交通运输专业英语
Lesson 2
Internal Combustion Engine (PartⅠ) 1.2compression ring 气环 3.Oil ring 4.Piston pin 5.Piston 6connecting rod 油环 活塞销 活塞 连杆 连杆小头 连杆大头 连杆轴瓦 连杆盖
crank n.曲柄 曲柄 rod n.杆，棒 杆 rock n.岩石，摇动；v.摇动，摆动 岩石， 摇动， 岩石 摇动； 摇动
distribute v. cam n. valve n.阀 阀 filter n.;v.
交通运输专业英语
Lesson 2
Internal Combustion Engine (PartⅠ)
introduce：介绍，引荐；引进；输入，传入 ：介绍，引荐；引进；输入，
由于燃料在发动机气缸内燃烧，因此发动机被称为内燃机。在内燃机中， 由于燃料在发动机气缸内燃烧，因此发动机被称为内燃机。在内燃机中， 空气燃油混合气被引入一个封闭的气缸，并在那里完成压缩点火。 空气燃油混合气被引入一个封闭的气缸，并在那里完成压缩点火。 The burning of the fuel (combustion) causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crank-shaft. 燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升， 燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升，这部分内能被活塞和曲轴转化成有用的 机械能。 机械能。 fuel 燃料 汽油 petrol(英）gasoline(美) 柴油 英 美 柴油diesel fuel oil 燃油 fuel pump 燃油泵 add fuel to the fire 火上加油 fuel up 加燃料 填肚子
内燃机专业英语词汇
Internal combustion engine 内燃机Power unit 动力装置Spark ignition engine 火花塞点火式发动机Compression ignition engine 压燃式发动机Two-stroke/Four-stroke engine 二冲程/四冲程发动机Direct/Indirect injection engine 直喷式发动机/非直喷式发动机Reciprocating internal combustion engine 往复式内燃机Carburetor engine 化油器式发动机Rotary engine 转子发动机Supercharged engine 增压发动机Airoil-cooled engine 风冷油冷发动机Naturally aspirated engine 自然吸气发动机Liquefied petroleum gas engine 液化石油气发动机Diesel gas engine 柴油煤气发动机Multi-fuel engine 多燃料发动机Opposed-cylinder/Opposed-piston engine 对置气缸/对置活塞发动机Cross head engine 十字头型发动机In-line engine 直列式发动机Radial engine 星型发动机Stirling engine 斯特林发动机Front-engine 前置式发动机Rear-engine 后置式发动机Central engine 中置式发动机汽油机gasoline engine 汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection engine 柴油机diesel engine 旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine Leftright-hand engine 左右侧发动机Dual overhead camshaft engine 双顶置凸轮轴发动机DOHC valve in-head engine 顶置气门发动机side valve engine 侧置气门发动机multi-valve engine 多气门发动机horizontal engine 卧式发动机vertical engine 立式发动机oversquare/undersquare engine 短冲程/长冲程发动机engine performance 发动机性能twofour-stroke cycle 二四冲程循环diesel cycle 狄塞尔循环otto cycle 奥托循环mixed cycle 混合循环constant volumepressure cycle 等容等压循环woking cycle 工作循环ideal cycle 理想循环thermodynamic cycle 热力循环up down stroke 上下行程intake stroke 进气行程charging stroke 充气行程compression stroke 压缩行程expansion stroke 膨胀行程power stroke 作功行程exhaust stroke 排气行程top bottom dead center 上下止点BTDC before top dead center 上止点前ATDC after top dead center 上止点后Bore 缸径Cylinder clearance volume 气缸余隙容积Combustion chamber volume 燃烧室容积Displacement 排量Compression ratio 压缩比Critical compression ratio 临界压缩比Expansion ratio 膨胀比Surface to volume ratio 面容比Stroke-bore ratio 行程缸径比Compression pressure 压缩压力BMEP brake mean effective pressure 制动平均有效压力Air fuel ratio fuel air ratio 空燃比燃空比Fuel equivalence ratio 燃料当量比Power per litter cylinder 升功率单缸功率Gross power horse power 总功率马力Net power 净功率Fuel consumption 燃油消耗量Specific fuel consumption 比燃油消耗率Power curve 功率曲线Mechanical loss 机械损失Mechanical efficiency 机械效率Effective thermal efficiency 有效热效率Volumetric efficiency 充气系数Coefficient of excess air 过量空气系数Coefficient of torque adaptability 扭矩适应性系数Coefficient of intensification 强化系数Correction factor 校正系数Economic speed 经济转速Starting speed 启动转速Speed at maximum torque 最大扭矩转速Maximum no load governed speed 最高空转转速Speed governing 调速Working condition 工况Declared working condition 额定工况Variable working condition 变工况Steady working condition 稳定工况No-load 空载Full part load 全负荷部分负荷Major pitchminor diameter 外中、内径Radical clearance 径向间隙Loading startingacceleration performance 加载性能启动性能、加速性能Power emission performance 动力性能排放性能Part throttle characteristics 负荷特性Governorcontrol characteristics 调速特性Mapping characteristics 万有特性Steady state speed governing rate 稳态调速率Cylinder block head 缸体缸盖Cylinder head gasket 气缸盖垫片Cylinder liner sleeve 缸套Dry wet cylinder liner 干湿缸套Water jacket 气缸水套Cylinder wall 气缸壁Deformation 变形Cavitation 穴蚀Aging 老化Fatigue 疲劳Rough running 工作粗暴Knock 敲缸Cylinder score 拉缸Dynamometer 测功机Automobile Mechanics 汽车构造Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase 发动机气缸休曲轴箱Piston Connecting Rod 活塞连杆Crankshaft Flywheel 曲轴飞轮Valves and Valves Train 气门与气门传动组Engine Fuel System 发动机燃油系统Engine Lubricating System 发动机润滑系统Engine Cooling System 发动机冷却系统engine Ignition System 发动机点火系统engine Starting System 发动机起动系统Clutch 离合器Transmission 变速器Suspension System 悬挂系统Crank shaft 曲轴Oil pan 油底壳Piston pin ring 活塞销环Valve timing 配气相位VVTVariable Valve Timing 可变气门相位VVT-iVariable Valve Timing Intake 智能可变配气正时VVTLVariable Valve Timing and Lift 可变气门相位及升程VTECVariable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control System 可变气门相位及升程电子控制系统FSI Fuel Straight Injection 汽油机缸内直喷技术OBD On Board Diagnostics 车载故障诊断系统VCMVariable Cylinder Management 可变气缸管理即闭缸技术Muffler 消音器volume ratio of combustion cahmber燃烧室容积比surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber燃烧室口径比flywheel cover飞轮壳dome head piston圆顶活塞flat head piston平顶活塞crown head piston convex head piston 凸顶活塞concave head piston凹顶活塞piston skirt活塞裙部oil control ring 油环connecting rod small end连杆小头connecting rod big end连杆大头connecting rod bearing连杆轴承one-piece crankshaft整体式曲轴assembled crankshaft组合式曲轴crankshaft main journal 曲轴主轴颈crank pin曲柄销eccentric shaft偏心轴crankcase曲轴箱flywheel飞轮reciprocating inertia force1st order一级往复惯性力reciprocating inertia force 2nd order二级往复贯性力camshaft bearing journal凸轮轴轴颈camshaft bearing 凸轮轴轴承camshaft gear wheel 凸轮轴齿轮inlet cam进口凸轮exhaust cam排气凸轮timing gear正时齿轮swirl rate进气涡流intake turbulence进气紊流valve lift气门升程valve timing气门正时valve guide气门导管roller 滚柱rocker arm摇臂fuel delivery per cycle循环供油量rated fuel delivery 额定供油量fuel injection beginning喷油始点fuel injection end喷油终点fuel injection duration angle喷油持续角injection delay喷油延迟pilot injection 引燃喷射injection starting pressure启喷压力carburetor化油器governor 调速器air filter空气滤清器intake preheater进气预热装置intake manifold进气歧管indicated power指示功率indicated thermal efficiency指示热效率indicated specific energy consumption指示油耗率indicator diagram示功图mechanical supercharging机械增压supercharge ratio增压比boost pressure增压压力surge喘振standard atmospheric conditions标准大气状况atmospheric pressure 大气压力inlet air temperature进气温度performance test性能试验thermo-shock test热冲击试验cylinder fuel-cut test停缸试验turbo-charger matching test增压机匹配试验exhaust analysis test排气分析试验stability test稳定性试验verification test验证试验approval test鉴定试验reliability test可靠性试验durability test耐久性试验type approval test定型试验acceptance test验收试验field test现场试验delivery test出厂试验spot check test抽查试验re-check test复查试验bench test台架试验hydraulic dynamometer水力测功机eddy current dynamometer电涡流测功机electric dynamometer电力测功机fuel and vapor separator油气分离器catalyst催化剂converter转化器catalytic converter催化转化器oxidation catalyst氧化型催化剂reduction catalyst还原型催化剂three-way catalyst三元催化剂catalyst poisoning催化剂中毒lean rich mixture稀浓混合气temperature sensor温度传感器pressure sensor压力传感器position sensor位置传感器speed sensor转速传感器knock sensor爆震传感器nondispersive infrared不分光红外线分析法nondispersive ultraviolet不分光紫外线分析法flame ionization ditector氢火焰离子化检测器gas chromatograph气相色谱仪heated flame ionization detector加热式氢火焰离子化检测器opacimetersmokemeter烟度计off-road vehicle越野车sports car跑车racer racing car赛车interchangeability 互换性final assembly 总装dash board 仪表盘clean diesel 清洁柴油grade ability 爬坡能力moisture ejector 除湿器modular bus body 组合式客车车身test of steering wheel returnability 转向盘回正性试验steering wheel impulse input test 转向盘转角脉冲试验air deflector 空气导流板steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test 转向盘转角阶跃输入试验limiting lateral acceleration test 极限侧向加速度试验automobile ride random input running test 汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验automobile ride single pulse input running test 汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验measurement of natural frequency and damping ratio of suspension 汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验test of effect of sudden power change 功率突然变化影响试验test of control at breakway 收油门后控制试验test of crosswind stability 横向稳定性试验kick-back test 反冲试验test of burst response of tyre 轮胎爆破响应时间试验obstacle avoidance test 绕过障碍物试验lane change test 移线试验test of J turn J型转弯试验frequency response test 频率响应时间试验transient response test 瞬态响应时间试验step response test 阶路响应时间试验pulse response test 脉冲响应试验static steering effort test 静态操舵力试验jack-up test of suspension 悬架举升试验test of overturning immunity 耐翻倾试验rim slip test 转毂错动试验wind tunnel test 风洞试验test of breaking stability 制动稳定性试验minimum turning diameter test 最小转弯直径试验steering effort test 操舵力试验汽车automobile 拖拉机tractor 铁路机车locomotive 有轨电车tram 无轨电车trolley 军用车辆military vehicle 蒸汽机steam engine 煤气机gas engine 汽油机gasoline engine 国民经济national economy 国内生产总值GDP Gross Domestic Production 全拆散CKD Completely Knock Down 半拆散SKDSemi-Knock Down 改革开放reform and opening 技术引进technical import 国产化localization 支柱产业pillar estate 轿车car 客车bus coach 货车truck lorry 公路用车road vehicle 非公路用车off-road vehicle 发动机engine 机体engine body 曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism 供给系fuel supply system 冷却系cooling system 润滑系lubricating system 点火系ignition system 起动系starting system 底盘chassis 传动系power train 离合器clutch 变速器gear box 传动轴propeller shaft 驱动桥drive axle 行驶系runninggear 车架frame 悬架suspension 前轴front axle 桥壳axle housing 车轮wheel转向系steering system 转向盘steering wheel 转向器steering gear 转向传动装置steering linkage 助力装置power assisting device 制动系braking system 控制装置control device 供能装置power supply device 传动装置transfer device 制动器brake 车身body 车前板制件front end panels 车身壳体body shell 车门door 车窗window 附属装置auxiliary device 货箱carrying platform 发动机前置后轮驱动FR front engine rear drive 发动机前置前轮驱动FF front engine front drive 发动机后置后轮驱动RR rear engine rear drive 发动机中置后轮驱动MR midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动nWD all wheel drive 驱动力tractive force 阻力resistance 滚动阻力rolling resistance 空气阻力air resistance drag 上坡阻力gradient resistance 附着作用adhesion 附着力adhesive force 附着系数coefficient of adhesion 第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机two stroke engine 四冲程发动机four stroke engine 水冷发动机water cooled engine 风冷发动机air cooled engine 上止点UDP upper dead point 下止点LDP lower dead point 活塞行程stroke 汽缸直径bore 工作容积working volume 排量swept volume displacement 进气行程intake stroke 压缩行程compression stroke 压缩比compression ratio 做功行程working stroke 爆燃敲缸detonation knock 排气行程exhaust stroke 示功图indicating diagram 汽缸体cylinder block 汽缸盖cylinder head 油底壳oil sump 活塞piston 连杆connecting rod 曲轴crankshaft 飞轮flywheel 进气门intake valve 排气门exhaust valve 挺柱tappet 推杆push rod 摇臂rocker 凸轮轴camshaft 正时齿轮timing gear 燃油箱fuel tank 燃油泵fuel pump 汽油滤清器gasoline filter 化油器carburetor 空气滤清器air cleaner 进气管intake manifold 排气管exhaust manifold 火花塞spark plug 点火线圈ignition coil 断电器breaker 蓄电池storage battery 发电机generator 水泵water pump 散热器radiator 风扇fan 放水阀drain valve 水套water jacket 分水管distributive pipe 机油泵oil pump 集滤器suction filter 限压阀relief valve 润滑油道oil passage 机油滤清器oil filter 机油冷却器oil cooler 起动机starting motor 有效功率effective power 有效转矩effective torque 燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption 发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic 节气门开度throttle percentage 部分特性partial characteristic 外特性outer characteristic 第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylinder sleeve cylinder liner 发动机支承engine mounting 活塞顶piston top 活塞头部piston head 活塞裙piston skirt 开槽slot 活塞环piston ring气环compression ring 油环oil ring 环槽groove 活塞销piston pin 主轴承main bearing 主轴承盖main bearing cap 主轴瓦main shell 连杆轴承big end bearing 连杆盖big end cap 起动爪cranking claw 带轮pulley 平衡重counter weight 发火顺序firing order 扭振减振器torsional vibration damper 第三章配气机构顶置气门OHV Over Head Valve 顶置凸轮轴OHC Over Head Camshaft 单顶置凸轮轴SOHC Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴DOHC Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine 气门间隙valve clearance 配气相位timing phase 气门杆valve stem 气门座valve seat 气门导管valve guide 气门弹簧valve spring 第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustion mixture 消声器silencer muffler 汽油gasoline petrol 分馏distil 蒸发性evaporating property 热值heat value 抗爆性anti-knock property 辛烷值RON Research Octane Number 过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air 理论混合气theoretical mixture 稀混合气thin mixture 浓混合气thick mixture 主供油系统main supply system 怠速系统idle system 加浓系统thickening system 加速系统accelerating system 浮子float 浮子室float chamber 针阀needle valve 量孔metering jet 阻风门choke 滤芯filter cartridge 沉淀杯sediment cup 泵膜pump diaphragm 油浴式oil bath type 石棉垫aestos pad 预热pre-heating 汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection 电控electronic control 多点喷射muti-point injection 单点喷射single point injection 电路控制circuit control 分电器信号distributor signal 空气流量信号airflow signal 冷却水温信号water temperature signal 第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transfer pump 喷油泵fuel injection pump 高压油管high pressure fuel pipe 发火性ignition property 黏度viscosity 凝点condensing point 备燃期pri-combustion period 速燃期rapid combustion period 缓燃期slow combustion period 燃烧室combustion chamber 统一燃烧室united chamber 球形燃烧室ball shape chamber 涡流室turbulence chamber 预燃室pri-combustion chamber 喷油器injector 精密偶件precise couple 柱塞plunger 出油阀delivery valve 调速器governor 两速调速器two speed governor 全速调速器full speed governor 定速调速器fixed speed governor 综合调速器combined governor 气动调速器pneumatic governor 机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor 喷油提前角调节装置advancer 飞块flyweight 联轴节coupling 粗滤清器primary filter 细滤清器secondary filter 涡轮增压器turbocharger 中间冷却器intermediate cooler 第七章冷却系节温器thermostat 防冻液anti-freezing liquid 补偿水桶compensation reservoir V-带V belt 百叶窗shutter 大循环big circulation 小循环small circulation 散热翅片fins 第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant 压力润滑pressure lubrication 飞溅润滑splash lubrication 润滑脂grease 机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor 油封oil seal 旁通阀bypass valve 机油散热器oil cooler 机油尺dip stick 加机油口oil filler 曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation 第九章点火系一次绕组primary winding 二次绕组secondary winding 热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance 点火提前ignition advance 分电器distributor 活动触点moving contact 固定触点fixed contact 分火头distributor rotor arm 电容器condenser 点火提前装置ignition advancer 离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer 辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier 中心电极central electrode 侧电极side electrode 瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator 跳火间隙spark gap 半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system 晶体管transistor 二极管diode 三极管triode 无触点点火系non-contact ignition system 霍尔效应Hall effect 正极板anode 负极板cathode 隔板separator 电解液electrolyte 蓄电池格battery cell 接线柱terminal 电缆cable 硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C.。
内燃机专业英语翻译
Chapter 1 Enging types and their operation1.1 Introduction and historical perspective1．内燃机的目的是从蕴含在燃料中的化学能中得到机械动力。
．内燃机的目的是从蕴含在燃料中的化学能中得到机械动力。
The purpose of internal combustion engines is the production of mechanical power from the chemical energy contained in the fuel . 2．有别于外部燃烧机器，在内燃机中，能量是在机器内部燃烧或氧化燃料释放出来的。
化燃料释放出来的。
In In internal internal internal combustion combustion combustion engines engines engines ,as ,as ,as distinct distinct distinct from from from external external external combustion combustion engines, this energy is released by burning or oxidizing the fuel inside the engine. 3．功的转移，提供了需要的动力输出，发生在工作流体和机器的机械部件之间。
械部件之间。
The work transfers which provide the desired power output occur directly between between these these these working working working fluids fluids fluids and and and the the the mechanical mechanical mechanical components components components of of of the the engine. 4．实际上正是由于燃烧发生在机器做功部件内部才使它们的设计和运行特征从根本上有别于其他类型的机器。
轮机工程、内燃机专业英语词汇表
Lesson 1marine 海运的，船用的 diesel 柴油，柴油机 internal 内部的 combustion 燃烧 ignite 点燃 inject 喷射 chamber 腔，室 principle 原理，原则 operation 工作，操作，运转，进程charge 装，充；充填物fresh新鲜的，淡(水)的 draw 抽吸 cylinder 气缸 compression 压缩 piston 活塞 fine 细小的，好的 spray 喷雾，(水，油)雾 burn 燃烧 rotate 旋转，回转 medium 中间的，介质 alternator 交流发电机 in turn 依次，轮流变成 turn into 变成 event 事件，过程 stroke 冲程，行程 separate (from) 分离，分开 exhaust 排出，耗尽；排气 combine (with) 结合，联合 inlet 进口，入口 scavenge 扫除；吹除 blow 吹，鼓风 residual 剩余的，残留的 value 价值，数值 injector 喷射器，喷油器 continue 继续(进行) revolution 转 theoretically 理论上地inefficient 效率低的，无效的advantage 优势，优点，长处 application 应用 propulsion 推进(装置) cause 引起；原因 force 迫使 crankshaft 曲铀propeller 螺旋桨，推进器 cycle 循环 consist (of) 由……组成fix 固定sequence 顺序，系列bottom dead centre (BDC) 下止点 top dead centre (TDC) 上止点 on board ship 在船上 r/min 转／分 reduction gear box 减速齿轮箱Lesson 2construction 结构 bedplate 机座 frame 机架 weld 焊接bolt 螺栓；用螺栓固定 seating 座，底座 liner (气缸)衬套 extend 延长，伸长 slot 槽，缝；开槽 opening 开口 height 高度 secure 固定 transverse 横向的chock 侧块， 楔型块 longitudinal 纵向的 test 放置，坐落 bearing 轴承cross 十字的，交叉的； stud 双头螺栓 cap 盖，帽 thrust 推，推力 block 块，体locate 位于，查出，找出integral 整体的flat 平的surface 表面mount 安装section 段，表面camshaft 凸轮轴enclose 包围，封闭casing 箱，外壳jacket 夹层，水套vertical 垂直的flange 法兰，翻边foremost 最前的expose 易露，露出edge 边缘drill 钻孔rotary 旋转的guide 导板，导向器，导向，引导insert 插入groove 槽，沟turn 车削，转动conical 锥形的screw 螺钉；用螺钉固定，拧入indicator 示功器cock 旋塞double 双层的cast iron 铸铁chain transmission 链条传动(机构) chromium 镀铬machine-turned 车削的，车制的approx 大约heat-resistant 耐热的Lesson 3recess 凹槽，凹座，凹入处 dowel 销钉pin 销子caulk 敛(铆)缝，嵌塞topmost 最上部narrow 狭窄的 diagonal 对角的，斜的overlap 重叠，搭接joint 接合，接头distributor 分配器slightly 轻微地round 圆的，使成圆形film (油)膜period 期间opposite 在……对面，与……相对 diameter 直径annular 环形的ensure 保证，担保assembly 组件，组装component 部件journal 轴颈shoe 滑靴，滑块horizontally 水平地adequate 足够的，充分的admit 允许进入，导入duct 管道scraper 刮子，刮油器shim 垫片，调整片thickness 厚度adjustment 调整，调节clearance 间隙appropriate 适当的channel 通道crankpin 曲柄销forge 锻造shrink 红套displace 错位，变位carrier ring 承磨环build-in 内装的，机内的，固定 top-bolt 锥体螺栓white metal 白合金telescope pipe 伸缩管，拉管fitted bolt 拂配螺栓Lesson 4survive 存在，生存strength 强度specific 明确的，详细而精确的 reject to 丢弃，排向…atmosphere 大气entrain 以气泡状态存在volume 量minimise 将……减到最少cavitation 气穴，气蚀proportion 比例，部分hopper 带支架的观察(镜，表) tundish 漏斗visual 看的，视觉的trumpet 喇叭nozzle 管口，喷嘴corrosion 腐蚀，锈overboard 向舷外merely 仅仅，只不过contact with 与……接触Lesson5maintenance 维护，保养select 选择among 在……之中affect 影响viscosity 粘度cetane 十六烷calorific 热(量)的，发热 sulphur 硫residue 残渣，残留物formation 形成product 产品，产物flash 闪光；闪亮gravity 重力content 内容，合量impurity 杂质depend 取决于，依靠residual 残余的available 可利用的，可获得的 embody 包括(合)有，使具体化 entirely 完全地，完整地 bunker 燃料舱distribute 分配various 各式各样的，多种多样 lag 包绕外层防护套 bunk 油舱duplex 双联的，双倍的 strainer 粗滤器remainder 储存storage 剩余，余额sediment 沉淀物buffer 缓冲器，贮存装置 spill 溢流regular 调节器climatic 气候的permit 允许meter 计量mechanism 机械机构plunger 柱塞barrel 桶，套桶sufficiently 充分地，足够地 atomize 将……喷成雾状 complexity 复杂，复杂性deposit 沉积物specification 规格，说明vanadium 钒sodium 钠asphaltene 沥青(烯)，沥育质 precipitate 使沉淀，沉淀物 aluminum 铝abrasive 有磨蚀的particle 颗粒silicon 硅oxide 氧化物nozzle 喷嘴catalytic 催化的clover 三叶草、苜蓿Lesson 6viscosity 粘度composition 组成storage 存储insoluble 不溶解的 impurity 杂质asphalt 沥青miscible 易混合的 filtration 过滤purifier 分水机 clarifier 分杂机conical 圆锥形的 periphery 外围，用边 perforate 穿(钻，冲)孔 cylindrical 圆柱形的 bowl 分离筒ancillary 辅助的centrifuge 离心分离机 accumulation 积聚consume 消耗agitation 搅动circumstance 环境，详情Lesson 7process 过程removal 排除blow 鼓风supercharge 增压atmosphere 大气的pressurize 增压，加压 electrically 电动地blower 鼓风机，增压器 density 密度turbine 涡轮机 compressor 压缩机essential 基本的，重要的 adequate 适当的，充分的 arrangement 布置，安排 escape 逃逸，溢出 differential 差别的，不同的 swirl 使……旋涡运动 adjacent 邻近的，接近的Lesson8successful 成功的 involve 涉及formation 形成considerable 相当的，大量的 exception 例外cleanse 清洗 carbonaceous 炭的detritus 磨屑 commercially 商业上 reversal 反向，变换 lubricator 注油器 injector 注油塞 quill 注油针 impinge 射到expose 暴露 residual 残渣lacquer 胶膜interface 影响，干扰 counteract 克服undesirable 不需要的formulate 配制impart 给予alkalinity 碱度，碱性 detergency 去垢能力property 性质feature 特性，特点 friction 摩擦assist 帮助，协助 rupture 破裂deterioration 变质，恶化filter 滤器centrifuge 离心分离机telescope pipe 伸缩套管，拉管Lesson9reservoir 容器(文中指空气瓶) ready 准备好的immediate 立即的drop 下跌，下落by means of 利用，用…方法 compressor 压缩机feature 功(能)，部件drainage 排放，排泄facility 设备stringent 严厉的，严格的interlock 连锁prevent 防止automatic 自动的pilot 引导的，控制的，先导的 lever 杆direct 直接的engage 啮合，从事further 进一步地 deposit 沉积物，沉淀 explosion 爆炸pipeline 管路，管系 occurrence 发生，事物 properly 适当地careful 谨慎的，小心的 attempt 企图；试图 effect 作用，影响，效果 trap 挡板，收集器 burst 爆发，冲破 disc 盘isolate 隔绝，绝缘 fusible 易熔的plug 塞，堵 melt 熔化，融化 guard 防护，防卫，护罩 possibility 可能性bursting cap 防爆帽Lesson 10instruction 指示，指令 sludge 渣，沉积物 purify 净化auxiliary 辅助的；辅助机械 operational (能)运行的，(可)操作的 extend 延长，扩展 approximately 接近，大约 obstruction 阻塞，妨碍，障碍物 uniformly 均匀地，一致地 viscosity 粘度hopper (观察)窗(漏斗) erosion 浸蚀，剥蚀，烧蚀 centistoke 厘斯(运动粘度单位) diaphragm 隔膜，振动膜 gland 密封(压盖) linkage 连接telegraph 车钟booster 增压泵Lesson 11remedy 排除(方法)，补救(措施) stick 粘住，卡住failure 失败，失灵delay 延迟，滞后watch 观察common 普通的，普遍的 result 由……引起，产生 diagram 图unequal 不相等的locate 找出，定位slacken 放松，减缓trace 查找，寻找responsibility 责任on the part of 在……方面Lesson 12medium 中等的，中间的 currently 当前地，现在地，流行地 rotational 转动的，旋转的 entirely 完全地trunk 筒形的，箱形的 rationalization 合理化layout 布置，设计 configuration 结构，布置alternatively 或者，另一个办法 twin 双的，对的 bank 排，列，组enclose 围起，围绕 column 架rigid 刚硬的，坚固的 sloping 倾斜的access 通道invariably 总是，不变地 solid 完整的，坚固的 multi-throw 多拐的robust 坚固的，结实的 develop 增进，扩大 imposing 施加的alignment 对中，成直线 exception 例外withdraw 放出waterjacket 冷却水套 aperture 孔，洞interpose 放入，插入 thickness 厚度ratio 比率(值) cylindrical 圆柱型的bore 孔tiny 细小的promote 促进，提高 sacrifice 牺牲，供奉 retain 保持，保留 porous 多孔的，能渗透的 in line 成行，直列 fixed centre type 固定中心式 marine type 船用型，中心可调式Lesson13bowl 盆，钵，盘toroidal 环形空腔，环形突起 rim 边缘，曲起accommodate 容纳splash 飞溅conduct 传导region 区域precisely 精确地，正确地 alloy 合金 boss 活塞销座孔endwise 在端部circlip 卡簧tin 锡flash 飞边indium 铟nip 压隙equivalent 相等量bridge 轴承盖accuracy 精度circular 圆形的tighten 上紧assist 援助，帮助 expel 驱逐，驱赶thermal 热的recondition 修理，使复原 frequent 频繁的accomplish 完成rocket 摇，臀杆tappet 挺杆，凸子，顶头 prop 支撑，维持 allowance 允许，裕量 appropriate 适当的Lesson 14extensive 广阔的，广泛的 overhaul 彻底检修，大修，解松(船)的绳索，essential 必要的，基本的 external 外部的 prudent 谨慎的 cut off 切断，断开 graduation 分度，刻度 reasonable 合理的，有益的 tolerance 容许量 pyrometer 高温计 register 记录，登记 ancillary 辅助的 symptom 症状，征兆 accompany 陪伴，结伴Lesson 15displacement 位移，排水量 centrifugal 离心的 rotary 旋转的 reciprocating 往复的 volute 涡形(的)，涡壳 turbine 涡轮，涡轮机 regenerative 再生的 periphery 外围，周边 mesh 啮合 helical 螺旋状的 void 空的，空旷的 slot 槽elliptical 椭圆的 swash 遮蔽，隐藏 tangential 无关的 moderate 中等的，适度的 attain 达到，获得Lesson 16boiler 锅炉distinct 截然不同的 furnace 炉子，炉膛 bent 弯的drum 鼓，锅筒 header 联箱 generate 产生 downcomer 下降管 natural 自然的 donkey 辅助的 installation 装置steam ship 蒸汽机船 motorship 内燃机船 composite 混合的，复合的 mounting 附件fitting 附件，配件 overpressure 超压presence 在场，出席 initially 初始地 purge 吹除，驱气 vapour 蒸汽 burner 燃烧器，喷灯 sample 样品 analysis 分析scum 泡沫，浮渣 soot blower 吹灰器 draught 强行通风 superheater 过热器 gradual 逐渐的 refractory 耐火的 ease 释放 recovery 回收，再生 saturated 饱和的 emulsion 乳化液，混合液exceed 超过extraction 提取物，提出物 economizer 省油(煤)器，节能器 combustible 可燃的secure 封闭，关紧 depressurize 减压liberate 释放funnel 烟囱intermediate port 中途港。
发动机专业英语（柴油机和汽油机）
发动机专业英语（柴油机和汽油机）INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE（内燃机）1 principle of operation （⼯作原理）1.1 Engine and power（发动机和功率）Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber, the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power.1.2 Engine Terms （发动机术语）Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up”the gas, so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves; an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job.Engine terms are:TDC(Top Dead Center): the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft.BDC(Bottom Dead Center): the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft.Stroke: the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore: the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume: the volume between TDC and BDC.Engine capacity: this is the swept volume of all the cylinders, e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)/(clearance vol)Two-stroke: a power stroke every revolution of the crank.Four-stroke: a power stroke every other revolution of the crank..1.3 The Four-stroke Spark-ignition Engine Cycle（四冲程⽕花塞点⽕发动机循环）The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition, which converts the energy contained in the fuel to kineticenergy.(动能)The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. The operating strokes are:Intake strokeThis stroke introduces a mixture of atomized gasoline and air into the cylinder. The stroke starts when the piston moves downward from a position near the top of the cylinder. As the piston moves downward, a vacuum, or low-pressure area, is created. During the intake stroke, one of the ports is opened by moving the inlet valve. The exhaust valve remains tightly closed.Compression strokeAs the piston moves upward to compress the fuel mixture trapped in the cylinder,the valves are closed tightly. This compression action heats the air/fuel mixture slightly and confines it within a small areacalled the combustion chamber.Power strokeJust before the piston reaches the top of its compression stroke, an electrical spark is introduced from a spark plug screwed into the cylinder head.The spark ignites the compressed, heated mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber to cause rapid burning. The burning fuel produces intense heat that causes rapid expansion of the gases compressed within the cylinder. This pressure forces the piston downward. The downward stroke turns the crankshaft with great force. Exhaust strokeJust before the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens. This allows the piston, as it moves upward, to push the hot, burned gases out through the open exhaust valve.Then, just before the piston reaches its highest point, the exhaust valve closes and the inlet valve opens. As the piston reaches the highest point in the cylinder, known as TDC, it starts back down again. Thus, one cycle ends and another begins immediately.1.4 Engine Overall Mechanics（发动机总体机构）The engine has hundreds of other parts. The major parts of engine are engine block, engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. The other parts are joined to make systems. These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and exhaust system. Each of these systems has a definite function. These systems will discussed in detail later.New WordsPiston 活塞Connecting rod 连杆Crankshaft 曲轴Power stoke 活塞⾏程Expel 排出Valve ⽓阀inlet(intake) valve 进⽓阀exhaust valve 排⽓阀TDC 上⽌点BDC 下⽌点Bore 缸径swept volume 有效容积engine capacity 发动机排量clearance volume 余隙容积,燃烧室容积compression ratio 压缩⽐revolution 旋转,转数every other 每隔⼀个spread over 分布,遍及intake stroke 进⽓⾏程compression stroke 压缩⾏程knock 敲缸,敲打exhaust stroke 排⽓⾏程engine block 发动机缸体lubrication 润滑2 Engine Block and Cylinder Head（发动机机体和⽓缸盖）2.1 Engine Block（发动机机体）The engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders,water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits inside the block, except on overhead-cam engines (OHC). In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are castings.Some engine blocks, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engines are lined with iron or steel sleeves. These sleeves are called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.2.2 Cylinder Head（⽓缸盖）The cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. The most common cylinder head types are the hemi, wedge, and semi-hemi. All three of these terms refer to the shape of the engine's combustion chamber. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by the push-rods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement. Like the cylinder block, the head is made from either cast iron or aluminum alloy.2.3 Gasket（垫圈）The cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must be gas-tight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. This is a sandwich gasket, i.e. a sheet of asbestos （[ ?s'best?s ]⽯棉）between two sheets of copper, both these materials being able to withstand the high temperature and pressures within the engine.2.4 Oil Pan or Sump（油底壳）The oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase; they enclose, or encase, the crankshaft. The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus, there is constant circulation ofoil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.New Wordsengine block 缸体cylinder head ⽓缸盖fasten 使固定water jacket ⽔套oil gallery 油道camshaft 凸轮轴overhead-cam(OHC) 顶置凸轮gray iron 灰铸铁alloy 合⾦nickel 镍chromium 铬casting 铸件head cover 汽缸盖罩intake manifold 进⽓总管distributor 分电器oil pan 油底壳aluminum 铝be lined with 镶有cylinder sleeve ⽓缸套hemi 半球形wedge 楔型，楔⼊semi-hemi 准半球形rocker 摇臂push-rod 推杆gasket 衬垫high-tensile ⾼强度的stud 螺栓gas-tight 密封的asbestos ⽯棉crankcase 曲轴箱，曲柄箱encase 封闭，把…包起来drain off 排出，流出Review Question1.What do TDC, BDC, stroke, compression ratio and engine capacity stand for?2.How do you calculate swept volume and compression ratio?3.What controls the length of the stroke?4.List the main parts of the engine overall mechanics?5.What are the main function of the engine block?3 Piston Connecting Rod and Crankshaft（活塞连杆和曲轴）3.1 Piston Assembly （活塞总称）The piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force create by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft.Thin, circular, steel bands fit into grooves around the piston to seal the bottom of the combustion chamber. These bands are called piston rings. The grooves into which they fit are called ring grooves. A piston pin fits into a round hole in the piston. The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod. The thick part of the piston that holds the piston is the pin boss. The piston itself, its rings and the piston pin are together called the piston assembly.3.2 Piston（活塞）To withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. It also must be light, since it travels at high speeds as it moves up and down inside the cylinder. The piston is hollow. It is thick at the top where it take the brunt of the heat and the expansion force. It is thin at the bottom, where there is less heat. The top part of the piston is the head, or crown. The thin part is the skirt The sections between the ring grooves are called ring lands.The piston crown may be flat, concave,dome or recessed. In diesel engine, the combustion chamber may be formed totally or in part in the piston crown, depending on the method of injection. So they use pistons with different shapes.3.3 Piston Rings（活塞环）As Fig.1-9 shows, piston rings fit into ring grooves near the of the piston. In simplest terms, piston rings are thin, circular pieces of metal that fit into grooves in the tops of the pistons.In modern engines, each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The ring’s outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the rings contact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are called compression rings. The lower one prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore from entering the combustion chamber, and is called an oil ring.Chrome-face cast-iron compression rings are commonly used in automobile engines. The chrome face provide a very smooth, wear-resistant surface.During the power stoke, combustion pressure on the combustion rings is very high. It causes them to untwist. Some of the high-pressure gas gets in back of the rings. This force the ring face into full contact with the cylinder wall. The combustionpressure also holds the bottom of the ring tightly against the bottom of the ring groove. Therefore, high combustion pressure causes a tighter seal between the ring face and the cylinder wall.3.4 Piston Pin （活塞销）The piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod. This pin fits into the piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end of the connecting rod. The top end of is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft. This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston. The piston pin fits through one side of the piston, through the small end of the rod, and then through the other side of the piston. It holds the rod firmly in place in the center of the piston. Pins are made of high-strengh steel and have a hollow center. Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better.3.5 Connecting rod （连杆）The connecting rod is made of forgedhigh-strength steel. It transmits and motion from the piston to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin. A bush madefrom a soft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod fits the crankshaft journal. This is called the big end. For this big-end bearing, steel-backed lead or tin shell bearing are used. These are the same as those used for the main bearings. The split of the big end is sometimes at an angle, so that it is small enough to be withdrawn through the cylinder bore. The connecting rod is made from forged alloy steel.3.6 Crankshaft（曲轴）The crankshaft, in conjunction with the connecting rod, coverts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle. It is usually made from carbon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel.The main bearing journals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connecting rods. At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel, and at the front end are the driving whells for the timing gears, fan, cooling water and alternator.The throw of the crankshaft, the distance between the main journal and the big end centers, controls the length of the stroke. The stroke is double the throw, and the stroke-length is the distance that the piston travels from TDC to BDC and vice versa.3.7 Flywheel （飞轮）The flywheel is the made from carbon steel. It fit s onto the rear of the crankshaft. As well as keeping the engine rotating between power strokes it also carries the clutch, which transmits the drive to the transmission, and has the starter ring gear around its circumference. There is only one working stroke in four so a flywheel is needed to drive the crankshaft during the time that the engine is performing the non-power strokes.New Words Comprise 由。
新编汽车专业英语课后答案及题目
一．1.the internal combustion engine 内燃机2. a reciprocating engine 往复发动机3.exhaust emissions 废气排放4.fuel consumption燃料燃烧5.fuel economy 燃油经济性bustion chamber燃烧室7.hybrid-electric vehicle 混动汽车8.mass production大规模生产9.dual-fuel vehicle 双燃料汽车10.air-cooled engine 风冷式发动机二．1. A diesel engine compresses its cylinder air on its compresstion stroke before anyfuel enters the cylinder2.The internal combustion engine is the one most commonly used in theautomotive field.3.According to the fuel energy used,the internal combustion engines are alsodivided into gasoline engines,and diesel engine.4.The piston converts the potential energy of the fuel into the kinetic energy.5.The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the position in areciprocating engine.6.The engine is generally considered the “heart” of an automobile7.This four strokes cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again topush the vehicle foreard.8.There are actually various types of engines such an electric engines,steamengines,and internal combustion engines.1. compression ratio : the total volume divided bv the compression volume2. internal combustion engine : burning their fuel inside their cylinders3. engine : a heart of an automobile4. stroke : the movement of the piston within the cylinder and the distance of piston travel5. reciprocating : the up and down action of a piston in the cylinder6. gasoline : a mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum.四．1.If you know something about ordinary gasoline engines, you will have notice thatdiesel engines, in many respects, work in the same way as gasoline engines.（柴油机的工作方式在很多方面和汽油机是一样的）2.The engine is the source of power that makes the car and the truck move.(使得汽车行驶)3.As it would not be reasonable to have to stop the engine every time it wasrequired to stop the car.(每次都到停车)4.Some of parts make the car move comfortable or better looking, but most ofthem are to make it run.(有些部件使得汽车更舒适或更美观)5.Not all of this heat can be used, and if allowed to remain in the engine, it wouldsoon destroy it.(如果让其热量保留在发动机中)一、1.gasoline engine 汽油机2.in low-speed driving condition在低速行车条件下3.achieve a variety of different objectives 达到各种不同的目的4.higher energy density高能量密度5.electric motor 电动机6.air conditioning空调装置7.regenerative braking 反馈制动8.power source动力源9.resource consumption 资源消耗10.dashboard display汽车仪表板显示二、1.The engine converts the expanding force of combustion into rotary force used topropel the vehicle.2.The gasoline engine and electric motor shut off automatically so that energy isnot wasted in idling.3.Clean cities uses hybrid electric vehicles as a way for coalitions to reducepetroleum consumption.4.Any vehicle without a transmission could be made to move but not smoothly.5.The electric motor applies resistance to the drive-train causing the wheels toslow down.6.The engine turns a high-speed generator, producing electricity.7.An intelligent power-control system determines the most efficient operation ofthe engine and energy storage system.8.If 10000 hybrid-electric vehicles were on the road rather than current standardvehicles, substantial reductions in emissions and fuel use would occur annually.1. transmission: an automotive assembly of gears by which power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axle.2. parking : to put or leave (a vehicle) for a time in a certain location.3. start : to set into motion , operation, or activity.4. battery : a single cell, such as a dry cell, that prouduces an electric current.5. braking : to reduce the speed of with or as if with a brake.四、1.We want hybrid-electric vehicle that reflect the spirit of the time and vehicleconcepts that express their individuality.(要能反映出时代精神)2.There are various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines andinternal combustion engines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)3.The transmission is a speed and power changing device.(一个使速比变化的装置)4.Scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future developmentof engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)5.Hybrid system are increasingly becoming more prevalent in light-duty vehicles,but also in transit buses and other heavy-duty vehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)6.We want hybrid-electric vehicle that reflect the spirit of the time and vehicleconcepts that express their individuality.(要能反映出时代精神)7.There are various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines andinternal combustion engines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)8.The transmission is a speed and power changing device.(一个使速比变化的装置)9.Scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future developmentof engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaustedemissions, and reducing engine noise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)10.Hybrid system are increasingly becoming more prevalent in light-duty vehicles,but also in transit buses and other heavy-duty vehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)U5E11. The power train has two maan functions :it conveys powerfrom the engine to the wheels , and it changes the amount of torque2. The power train consists of an engine , a transmission ,a clutch , a drive shaft and differential3. The feature of a manual transmission is to deliver enginepower to the front wheels and rear wheels4. manual transmissions usually have five speeds , which means that the output shaft can rotate faster than the input5. There are several basic components in the clutch , suchas the flywheel , clutch disk , pressure plate , release bearing and linkage.6 Automatic transmissions are used not only in many rear-wheel-dnve and four-whe el-dnve ve- lcles, but In most front-wheel-dnve ones1.T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. FE21. manual transmission 手动变速器2. automatic transmission自动变速器3.planetary gear set 行星齿轮组4. Transaxle assembly驱动桥总成5. differential gear 差速器6. clutch pedal离合器踏板7.gearshift lever 变速杆8. release bearing分离轴承9. engine braking 发动机制动10.torque converter液力变矩器E31.If you’ve read about manual transmissions you know hat an engine is connectedto a transmission by way of a clutch.2.Cars with an automatic transmission have no clutch that disconnects thetransmission from the engine. Instead, they use an amazing device called a torque converter.3.One important function of the power train is to transmit the power of the engineto the wheels.4.The type of transmission ( manual or automatic) determines how the slip joint isconnected to the drive shaft.5.The clutch is located between the back of the engine and the front of thetransmission6.The face of the flywheel that touches the clutch disc is made of iron Even if theflywheel were aluminum , the face is iron.7.When the operator presses the clutch pedal ,the clutch release lever or fork .8.The clutch release bearing in most cases, is a ball bearing assembly with amachined face on one side.E41.clutch : any of various devices for engaging and disengaging two working engagingand disengaging two working parts of a shaft2.shaft: a long, generally cylindrical bar, especially one that rotates and transmits power3.transmission : a speed and power changing device4.gearshift : a mechanism for changing from one gear to another in a5.transaxle : an automotive part that combines the transmission and the differential and is used on vehicles with front-wheel drive6.flywheel: a heavy-rimmed rotating wheel used to minimize variations in angular velocityE51.The power is then carried from the engine through the power train to the car (通过传动系扒发动机传递到车轮) so that the wheels turn and the car moves.2.( 如果汽车变速器需要修理和更换)If your car transmission needs repairs orreplacement，you’ve come to the right phone.3.If you wanted a top speed of 80 km/h，then the gear ratio would be similar tothird gear ( 速比相近于3 挡) ,in most manual transmission cars .4.The torque converter does not require any regular maintenance or adjustments( 不要求定期维护或调整) ，but it may be possible to change the transmission fluid .5.The drive shaft can be. either open or enclosed , depending on the type of driveused (取决于所使用的驱动类型)U6E11 If your brakes can work properly , good brakes are essential for safety during dn、ruvtg.2. The disk brake is the best brake which is generally due to its simpler design , lighteri .elju Ind better braking performance.3 Brake linings used to be made maxnly of metals., because of ats heat absorbing propertlcb4Caliper is an important part, and it must be replaced if it indicates a sign of leak！ng lbfa_e Eutd. .lc5 The reason why we still have cars wlth drum brakes ls cheap.6.Drum brakes consist of some parts , such as a backing plate, brake shoes , brake dm. .1, wheel cylnder, return springs and an automatic or self-adjusting system.. brake shoes a brake1.T2. T3. F4. T5. T6. FE21.brake system制动系统2. the parking brake驻车制动器3.the service brake system行车制动系统4. the disk brake盘式制动器5.the hand brake 手制动6.the brake shoe制动蹄片7.drum brake 鼓式制动器8. brake pads制动块9brake performance 制动性能10. brake fluid制动液E31.The most vital factor in the running and control of the modem vehicles is thebreaking system.2.Brake fluid is a special liquid for use in a hydraulic brake system.3.The small forces applied to the brake pedal usually produce relatively largeforces.4.The rate of slowing down or retardation is governed by the speed of conversionof energy.5.Brake is a friction device for converting the power into heat by means of friction6.To decelerate and stop the moving automobile, the service brake are usuallyused.7.The brake lining of a friction maternal are secured to the shoes by brass8.The brake drum is mounted on the wheel hub.E41 brake : the means of bringing to rest a moving vehicle in a shortest possible distance.2 service brake : stop or slow a car by depressing and releasing the brake pedal.3 hand brake : keep the car from rolling on unleveled ground.4 drum brake : a backing plate , brake shoes , wheel cylinder , return springs etc.5 parking brake : hold the automobile at rest.E51.An automobile brake system is actually a friction device to change power intoheat（实际上就是一种把动力转变成热量的摩擦装置).2.Basically , automobile brakes are of two types: the mechanical brakes and thehydraulic brakes (机械制动器和液压制动)3.The most vital factor in the running and control of the modem vehicles is theautomobile brake system (汽车制动系统).4.There are two brake shoes at each wheel. The bottoms of the shoes are heldapart by an adjuster. The tops of shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder（蹄片顶部由轮缸分别固定）5.Brake lines are steel tubing with copper and lead coating to prevent rust andcorrosion ( 以防锈蚀)U7EXERCISE 11. T2. F3. F4. F5. T6. F1 . The most important function of the suspension system ls to supply comfortable , safe nde cot- trol2. According to the article , we know that there are five basic types of spnngs used ln sus,eT"-sions ：coil spring , leaf spring , torsion bar spring , traction,barand air spnngn3. The disadvantage of a coil spring ls its compactness , lack of moving parts , and excellentweight supporting characteristics.4. According to e passage , leaf springs are often used on the front suspension of front drive vehtcles5. When the coil springs , leaf springs , torsion bar spring ,L air springs ls defected , thls couldd cause the car to bounce up and down without any control6. Shock absorber movement ls limited by forcing fluid , d which causes the shock absorber to causes the shock absorbercompress or extend at a slow rate.EXERCISE 21.suspension system 悬架系统2.front suspension system前悬架系3.air compressor 空气压缩机4.torque tube传递转矩管5.axle housing alignment 桥壳定位6.coil spring 螺旋弹簧7.lower control arm 下控制臂8.rebound clip缓冲夹9.traction bar 牵引杆10.control arm控制臂EXERCISE 31.The leaf springs or leaves. most commonly used tn automobiles is' made up ofseveral long plates ,2.Suspension refers to the use of the front and rear springs to suspend a vehicle ' srear springs to suspend a vehicle sprung weight3.Shock absorber are hydraulic restricting devices used to hmt the speed of springaction.4.The car frame is connected to the axles by springs which absorb road shock5.The coil springs is made from a length of steel rod wound Into a coil.6.The front-suspension system must allow the wheels to move up and down.7.In operations, the lower control arms pivot up and down , twisting the torsionbars spring.8.Rebound clips are place along the spnng to prevent separahon of the leaveswhen the spring rebounds.EXERCISE 41.coil spring : a round bar of spring steel wound into the shape of a coil2.leaf spring : several layers of spring steel stacked one upon the other3.torsion ba r : spring a long solid steel shaft held at one end to the suspension s control arm4.air spring : a rubber bag or bladder full of air5.shock absorber : a hydraulic device by forcing fluid through passages or orifices6 suspension : use of the front and rear spring to suspend a vehicleEXERCISE 51.We all Know that springs are the major component（弹簧是主要部件) .nautomobile suspension.2.The automobile suspension is one of the major automobile system (汽车的主要系统之一。
专业英语单词及句子翻译
1、电器设备：electrical equipment2、铰接客车：articulated bus3、内燃机：internal combustion engine4、变矩器：torque converter5、差速器：differential gear6、传动轴：propeller shaft7、转向柱：steering column8、钢板弹簧：leaf spring9、螺旋弹簧：coil spring10、扭杆弹簧：torsion bar11、连杆：connection rod12、上止点：top read center13、下止点：bottom read center14、吸气行程：induction stroke15、做功行程：power stroke16、压缩行程：compression stroke17、排气行程：exhaust stroke18、有效容积：swept volume19、发动机排量：engine capacity20、转向系统：steering system21、传动系统：power train system22、制动系统：brake system23、车身：automobile body24、底盘：chassis25、发动机：engine26、电气系统：electrical system27、压缩比：compression ratio28、气缸体：cylinder block29、气缸盖：cylinder head30、顶置凸轮：overhead-cam31、灰铸铁：gray iron32、碳钢：carbon steel33、铝合金：aluminum alloy34、进气总管：internal manifold35、曲轴箱：crankcase36、活塞环（销）：piston ring（pin）37、切向力：tangential force38、径向力：radial force39、气缸壁：cylinder wall40、气缸筒：cylinder bore41、往复运动：reciprocating motion42、点火次序：firing order43、人造橡胶：elastomer44、合成橡胶：synthetic rubber 45、气门间隙：valve clearance46、凸轮挺赶：cam follower47、气门正时：valve timing48、进气门：intake valve49、排气门：exhaust valve50、电子式气阀控制：electronic valve control51、顶置凸轮轴：overhead camshaft52、齿轮带：cog-type belt1、有些零件使汽车更舒服或更美观，但其中大多数是使汽车行驶。
内燃机专业英语
内燃机英语名词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语(一)（GB1883 ）序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语1 往复活塞式内燃机Reciprocating engine2 二冲程内燃机Two-stroke engine3 四冲程内燃机Four-strokeen gine4 汽油机Gasolineengine5 顶置气门汽油机Overhead-valve engine6 侧置气门汽油机Side-valvengine7 汽油喷射式汽油机Gasoline-injection engine8 顶置凸轮轴内燃机Overhead camshaft engine9 柴油机Dieselengine10 煤气机Gas engine11 柴油煤气机Gas-Diesel engine12 多种燃料内燃机Multi-fuel engine13 低转速柴油机Low-speed Dieselengine14 中转速柴油机Medium-speed Diesel engine15 高转速柴油机High-speedDieselengine16 增压柴油机Supercharged Diesel engine17 低增压柴油机Low-supercharged Diesel engine18 中增压柴油机Medium-supercharged Dieselengine19 高增压柴油机High-supercharged Dieselengine20 超高增压柴油机Superhigh supercharged Dieselengine21 废气涡轮增压柴油机Turbocharged Diesel engine22 机械增压柴油机Mechanical pressure-charged engine23 两级增压柴油机Two stage super-charged engine24 复合式柴油机Compound Dieselengine25 十字头式柴油机Crosshead Diesel engine26 船用挂机Outboardengine27 水冷内燃机Water-coolede ngine28 风冷内燃机Air-cooled engine29 单缸内燃机Single-cylindeenrg ine30 多缸内燃机Multi cylinder engine31 卧式内燃机Horizontalengine32 立式内燃机Vertical engine33 斜置式内燃机34 直列式内燃机In-line engine35 对置气缸内燃机Opposed-cylinder-type engine36 对动活塞内燃机Opposed-pistonengine37U 形内燃机U-pistonengine38V 形内燃机V-engine39W 形内燃机W-engine40X 形内燃机X-engine41 星形内燃机Radialengine42 ▽形内燃机▽-Type engine43 工字形内燃机工-type engine44 王字形内燃机王-type engine往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语(二)（GB1883 ）序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语45 气缸直径Cylinderbore46 活塞行程Stroke 47 上止点Top dead centre48 下止点Bottom dead centre49 行程缸径比Stroke-borrea tio50 连杆比Ratio between crank radius andconnecting rod length 51 充量Charge52 工质Working medium53 进气行程Suctionstroke54 压缩行程Compression stroke55 膨胀行程Expansionstroke56 排气行程Exhauststroke57 换气-压缩行程（二冲程）Scavenging-compression stroke 58 膨胀-换气行程（二冲程）Expansion-scavengingstroke59 工作循环Working cycle60 扫气过程Scavenging61 直流扫气Uniflowscavenging62 回流扫气Loopscavenging63 横流扫气Crossscavenging64 扫气泵扫气Scavenging by blower65 曲轴箱扫气Crankcase scavenging66 活塞底泵扫气Under-piston pump scavenging67 进气温度Intaketemperature68 进气压力Intakepressure69 进气涡流Intakeswirl70 排气温度Exhaust-gastemperature71 排气背压Back pressure72 排气烟度Exhaust gas opacity73 充量系数Charging efficiency7474 残余废气系数Residual gas ratio75 扫气利用系数Coefficient of scavenging76 扫气漏失系数77 扫气系数Scavengingfactor78 压缩始点压力Compression beginning pressure79 压缩终点压力Compression end pressure80 压缩始点温度Compression beginning temperature81 压缩终点温度Compression end temperature82 最高燃烧温度Maximum combustion temperature83 膨胀终点温度Expansion end temperature84 膨胀终点压力Expansion end pressure85 平均压力增长率Mean rate of pressure increase86 放热速率Rate of heat release87 燃烧速率Burningvelocity88 火焰传播速度Rate of flame propagation89 表面点火Surfaceignition90 放热规律Regularity of heat release91 过量空气系数Excess air factor92 总过量空气系数Total excess air factor 93 气缸工作容积Piston swept volume 94 总排量Engine sweptvolume95 压缩多变指数Polytropic exponent of compression96 膨胀多变指数Polytropic exponent of expansion97 最高爆发压力Maximum cylinder pressure98 压力升高比Rate of explosion99 初期膨胀比Cut-offr ate100 后期膨胀比Expansionrate101 放热系数Coefficient of heat release102 热平衡Heat balance103 有效功的热当量Mechanical equivalent of heat104 排气热损失Exhaustloss105 冷却热损失Coolingloss106 热平衡余项损失Heat loss as residual term of the heatbalance107 示功图Indicator diagram 108 示功图丰满系数Diagram factor109 扫气过量空气系数Delivery ratio110 空燃比Air-fuerla tio111 扫气效率Scavengingefficiency112 低热值Lower calorificvalue113 空气利用率Rate of air utilization114 热量利用系数Coefficient of heat utilization115 压缩比Compression ratio116 有效压缩比Effective compression ratio117 分子变更系数118 指示功Indicatedwork119 平均指示压力Mean indicated pressure120 指示热效率Indicatedthermalefficiency121 指示热消耗率Indicated specific heat consumption122 工作过程Working process123 压缩空气瓶容量124 指示燃油消耗率Indicated specific fuel consumption125 燃油消耗率Specific fuel consumption126 燃油消耗量Fuelconsumption127 热消耗量Heat consumption128 机油消耗率Specific oil consumption129 机油消耗量Oilconsumption130 空气消耗量Airconsumption131 最低燃油消耗率Minimum specific fuel consumption132 进排气重叠角Valve overlap133 进气持续角Intake valve-opening time134 排气持续角Exhaust valve-opening time135 点火提前角Advance angle of ignition136 进气提前角Intake advance angle137 进气滞后角Intake retard angle138 排气提前角Exhaustadvanceangle139 排气滞后角Exhaust retard angle140 扫气持续角Scavenging port-opening time 141 燃烧持续期Combustion duration 142 滞燃期Ignitiolna g143 显然期Apparent combustion period144 后燃期Afterburning145 早燃Preignition146 回火Back fire147 爆燃Detonation148 工作粗暴Engineroughness149 发火顺序Firingorder150 正时Valve timing往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语(三)（GB1883 ）序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语151 燃烧过程Combustion process152 油膜燃烧Film combustion153 空间燃烧Space combustion154 复合燃烧Compound combustion155 混合气形成Mixing156 废气净化Exhaust emission control157 雾化Atomization158 喷油速率Injection rate159 喷油规律Characteristic of fuel delivery160 喷油持续角Fuel injection period161 喷油延迟角Fuel injection lag162 供油提前角Deliverybeginning163 喷油提前角Fuel injection beginning164 换气过程Gas exchangeprocess165 配气相位Valve timing166 残余废气Residualgas167 增压Supercharging168 增压比Pressureratio169 气波增压Comprex supercharging170 增压压力Boostpressure171 废气涡轮增压Turbocharging172 机械增压Mechanicalsupercharging173 复合增压Two stagesupercharging174 定压增压Constantpressure175 脉冲增压Pulseturbocharginsgy stem 176 增压中冷Intercooling 177 增压度Degree ofcharging178 增压器出口温度Supercharger outlet temperature179 脉冲进气Impulse suction往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语(四)（GB1883 ）序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语180 时间-面积值/角度-面积值Time area181 积炭Carbon deposit182 结胶Sticking183 敲缸Knock184 气阻Vapour lock185 燃烧室面容比Surface volume ratio186 燃烧室的挤流面积Squish area187 激冷效应Quenching188 燃料当量比Equivalenceratio189 L型燃烧室** Side valve combustion chamber190 楔形燃烧室** Wedge combustion chamber191 盆型燃烧室** Basin type chamber192 F型燃烧室** F-head type combustion chamber193 半球形燃烧室** Semispherical combustion chamber194 开式燃烧室* Open combustion chamber195 分开式燃烧室* Divided combustion chamber196 半开式燃烧室* Semi-divided combustion chamber197 涡流室燃烧室* Swirl chamber type198 预燃室燃烧室* Precombustion chamber type199 直接喷射燃烧室* Direct injection type chamber200* 主燃烧室Main combustion type chamber201* 球型燃烧室Spherical combustion chamber202* ω型燃烧室ωtype chamber203* 盆型燃烧室Dish type chamber204 层状充气Stratificehda rging205 挤压涡流Squishswirl206 螺旋进气道Spiralport207 切向气道Tangentialp ort注释：*指柴油机燃烧室，**指汽油机燃烧室。
内燃机专业英语词汇-带音标
1. accessory [əkˈsesəri] 附件2. atmosphere[ˈætməsfɪə(r)] 空气3. bare[beə(r)] 裸露4. bearing [ˈbeərɪŋ]轴承5. bedplate ['bedpleɪt] 机座6. blower[ˈbləʊə(r)] 压气机7. bolt[bəʊlt] 螺栓8. brake[breɪk] 刹车9. calorific[ˌkæləˈrɪfɪk] 热值10. camshaft[ˈkæmʃɑ:ft] 凸轮轴11. capacity[kəˈpæsəti] 电容12. cetane number [ˈsi:tein ˈnʌmbə]十六烷值13. cetane ['si:teɪn] 十六烷值14. charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] 充气15. combustion chamber [kəmˈbʌstʃənˈtʃeimbə] 燃烧室16. combustion[kəmˈbʌstʃən] 燃烧17. compress[kəmˈpres]压缩18. connect rod big end[kəˈnekt] [rɒd]连杆大端19. crank journal[kræŋk ˈdʒə:nl] 主轴颈20. crankshaft[ˈkræŋkʃɑ:ft] 曲轴21. crown [kraʊn] 活塞顶22. curve[kɜ:v] 曲线23. cylinder[ˈsɪlɪndə(r)] 气缸24. diesel[ˈdi:zl]柴油机25. drawbar ['drɔ:ˌbɑ:] 挂钩26. dynamometer[ˌdaɪnə'mɒmɪtə] 测功器27. eliminate[ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] 排除28. exert [ɪgˈzɜ:t] 施加29. exhaust gas driven turbocharger[ɪgˈzɔ:st][gæs][ˈdrɪvn][ˈtɜ:bəʊtʃɑ:dʒə(r)] 废气涡轮增压器30. exhaust[ɪgˈzɔ:st] 排气31. fan[fæn] 风扇32. film[fɪlm] 油膜33. flame[fleɪm] 火焰34. frame[freɪm] 机架35. friction [ˈfrɪkʃn] 摩擦36. gallon[ˈgælən] 加仑37. generator[ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r)] 发电机114. frequency response [ˈfri:kwənsiriˈspɔns] 频率响应115. frequency responsecharacteristic [ˈfri:kwənsi riˈspɔns][ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk]频率响应特性116. Hall effect [ɪˈfekt] 霍耳效应117. Hall element [ˈelɪmənt] 霍耳元件118. dynamic response [daiˈnæmik riˈspɔns]动态响应119. eddy-current ['edi:k'ʌrənt]涡流120. eddy-currentdynamometer ['edi:k'ʌrənt] [ˌdaɪnə'mɒmɪtə] 电涡流测功器121. eddy-current testing ['edi:k'ʌrənt][ˈtestɪŋ]涡流检测122. eddy-current testinginstrument ['edi:k'ʌrənt][ˈtestɪŋ][ˈɪnstrəmənt] 涡流检测仪123. eddy-current thicknessgauge['edi:k'ʌrənt] [ˈθɪknɪs geidʒ]涡流测厚仪124. inductive transducer [inˈdʌktivtrænzˈdju:sə] 电感式传感器125. charge amplifier[tʃɑ:dʒˈæmpləˌfaɪə] 电荷放大器126. ammeter [ˈæmi:tə(r)] 电流表127. voltmeter[ˈvəʊltmi:tə(r)] 电压表128. chromatography [ˌkrəʊməˈtɒgrəfi] 色谱学129. chromatograph['krəʊmətəgrɑ:f]色谱法130. chromatogram[krəʊ'mætəˌgræm]色谱图131. chromatograph ['krəʊmətəgrɑ:f]色谱仪132. linear range[ˈlɪniə(r)][reɪndʒ]线性范围133. linear system [ˈlɪniə(r)] [ˈsɪstəm]线性系统134. natural frequency [ˈnætʃərəl ˈf ri:kwənsi]固有频率135. phase difference [feiz ˈdifərəns]相位差136. piezoelectric effect[paɪˌi:zəʊɪ'lektrɪk] [ɪˈfekt]压电效应137. piezoelectric accelerationtransducer [paɪˌi:zəʊɪ'lektrɪk] [əkˌseləˈreɪʃn][trænzˈdju:sə(r)] 压电式加速度传感器138. piezomagnetic effect[paɪi:zəʊmæg'netɪk] [ɪˈfekt]压磁效应139. pressure transducer [ˈpreʃətrænzˈdju:sə]38. gross [grəʊs] 毛重39. handle[ˈhændl]控制40. hold-over['həʊld'əʊvər] 遗留物41. horsepower[ˈhɔ:spaʊə(r)] 马力42. ignite[ɪgˈnaɪt]点火43. illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] 图示44. impose[ɪmˈpəʊz] 施加45. inhale[ɪnˈheɪl]进气46. initial[ɪˈnɪʃl]初始值47. injection [ɪnˈdʒekʃn] 喷射48. injector [ɪn'dʒektə] 喷油器49. intermittent [ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt]断续50. Internal combustion engine[inˈtə:nəl kəmˈbʌstʃən ˈendʒin] 内燃机51. intimate[ˈɪntɪmət] 宣布52. jacket [ˈdʒækɪt] 水套53. lever[ˈli:və(r)] 杠杆54. liner [ˈlaɪnə(r)] 气缸套55. list [lɪst] 清单56. load[ləʊd] 负荷57. major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)]主体58. mean [mi:n] 均值59. measure [ˈmeʒə(r)] 测量60. mixing['mɪksɪŋ]混合61. offer[ˈɒfə(r)] 提供62. offset[ˈɒfset] 偏移63. opposed [əˈpəʊzd] 对置64. overlap[ˌəʊvəˈlæp] 重叠65. overload [ˌəʊvəˈləʊd] 过载66. particular [pəˈtɪkjələ(r)] 特色67. peak[pi:k] 峰值68. pilot [ˈpaɪlət] 引导69. pin[pɪn] 销70. piston ring[ˈpistən riŋ]活塞环71. piston[ˈpɪstən] 活塞72. plier['plaɪə] 钳子73. propeller [prəˈpelə(r)] 螺旋桨74. puzzle[ˈpʌzl] 疑惑75. radius [ˈreɪdiəs] 半径76. recommend[ˌrekəˈmend] 推荐77. represent[ˌreprɪˈzent] 代表78. reservoir [ˈrezəvwɑ:(r)] 瓶79. resistance [rɪˈzɪstəns] 电阻压力传感器140. relative error[ˈrelətiv ˈerə]相对误差141. sampling[ˈsɑ:mplɪŋ]采样142. sampling frequency[ˈsɑ:mplɪŋ][ˈfri:kwənsi]采样频率143. sampling period [ˈsɑ:mplɪŋ] [ˈpɪəriəd]采样周期144. sampling rate [ˈsɑ:mplɪŋ][reɪt]采样率145. sound field [saund fi:ld]声场146. sound intensity [saund inˈtensiti]声强147. sound intensity level [saund inˈtensiti ˈlevl]声强级148. sound level [saund ˈlevl]声级149. sound pressure [saund ˈpreʃə]声压150. sound pressure level[saund ˈpreʃəˈlevl]声压级151. sound power level[saund ˈpauəˈlevl]声功率级152. span[spæn]量程153. strain[streɪn]应变154. strain effect[strein iˈfekt]应变155. strain gauge[strein geidʒ]应变片156. strain-gauge-typetransducer [streɪn] [geɪdʒ][taɪp][trænzˈdju:sə(r)] 应变式传感器157. step response[step riˈspɔns]阶跃响应158. step response time [step riˈspɔns taim]阶跃响应时间159. thermal radiation [ˈθə:məl ˌreidiˈeiʃən]热辐射160. thermocouple ['θɜ:mə'kʌpl]热电偶161. thermocouple wires thermocouple wires ['waɪəz]热电偶丝162. thermodynamic scale [ˈθə:məudaiˈnæmik skeil]热力学温标163. threshold value [ˈθreʃhəuld ˈvælju]阈值164. time constant[taim ˈkɔnstənt]时间常数165. transducer [trænzˈdju:sə(r)]传感器166. transfer function[trænsˈfə: ˈfʌŋkʃən]传递函数167. transient [ˈtrænziənt]瞬态168. steady state [ˈstedi steit]稳态169. zero drift [ˈziərəu drift]零点漂移170. signal-to-noise ratio[ˈsɪgnəl] [tə]80. revolution[ˌrevəˈlu:ʃn] 转81. ring[rɪŋ]活塞环82. rod [rɒd] 连杆83. satisfactory [ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri] 安全84. scavenge [ˈskævɪndʒ] 扫气85. seal [si:l] 密封86. silencer[ˈsaɪlənsə(r)] 消音器87. skirt[skɜ:t] 活塞裙88. specifications [spesɪfɪ'keɪʃnz]说明书89. spray [spreɪ] 喷洒90. stroke [strəʊk] 冲程91. term[tɜ:m] 术语92. torque [tɔ:k] 扭矩93. travel [ˈtrævl]传播94. turbocharger [ˈtɜ:bəʊtʃɑ:dʒə(r)]增压器95. twist [twɪst] 扭曲96. vaporization [,veipərai'zeiʃən]蒸发97. variable[ˈveəriəbl] 变量98. vehicular [vəˈhɪkjələ(r)] 车辆99. viscosity[vɪ'skɒsətɪ] 粘度100. weld[weld] 焊接101. absolute error [ˈæbsəlju:tˈerə] 绝对误差102. amplitude [ˈæmplɪtju:d]振幅，幅值103. atmospheric pressure [ˌætməˈsferɪk ˈpreʃə]气压104. sensor[ˈsensə(r)]传感器105. biosensor[bi:əʊ'sensər] 生物传感器106. calibration [ˌkælɪˈbreɪʃn]校准，标定107. capacitivetransducer [kə'pæsɪtɪv] [trænzˈdju:sə(r)]电容传感器108. charge amplifier [tʃɑ:dʒˈæmpləˌfaɪə] 电荷放大器109. damping['dæmpɪŋ]阻尼110. damping coefficient [ˈdæmpiŋ ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt] 阻尼系数111. delay time [diˈlei taim]滞后时间112. deviation [ˌdi:viˈeɪʃn] 偏差113. error of indication [ˈerə(r)][ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn]示值误差[nɔɪz] [ˈreɪʃiəʊ]信噪比171. sensing element [sensɪŋ][ˈelɪmənt]敏感元件172. sensitivity [ˌsensəˈtɪvəti]灵敏度173. sensitivity characteristic [ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti: ˌkæriktəˈristik]灵敏度特性174. sensitivity drift[ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti: drift]灵敏度漂移175. sensitivity error[ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti: ˈerə]灵敏度误差176. sensitivity coefficient [ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti:ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]灵敏度系数177. response[rɪˈspɒns]响应178. response characteristic[riˈspɔnsˌkæriktəˈristik]响应特性179. response speed [riˈspɔns spi:d]响应速度180. response time[riˈspɔns taim]响应时间181. on -line[ɒn] [laɪn] 在线182. on-line processing[ɒn] [laɪn][ˈprəʊsesiŋ]在线处理183. on-line equipment [ɒn] [laɪn] [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] 在线设备184. on-line real-time processing[ɒn] [laɪn] [ˈri:əl][taɪm] [ˈprəʊsesiŋ]在线实时处理185. in line [in lain]在线186. off line [ɔf lain]离线187. real time [riəl taim]实时188. random error[ˈrændəm ˈerə]随机误差189. systematic error[ˌs istəˈmætik ˈerə]系统误差190. noise [nɔɪz]噪声191. vibration[vaɪˈbreɪʃn]振动192. vibration analyzer[vaɪˈbreɪʃn] ['ænəˌlaɪzə]振动分析仪193. infrared spectrum [ˈinfrəˈred ˈspektrəm]红外光谱194. infrared fiber [ˌɪnfrəˈred] ['faɪbə]红外光纤195. hysteresis error [ˌhistəˈri:sis ˈerə]滞后误差196. hysteresis [ˌhɪstə'ri:sɪs]滞后197. intelligent sensor [inˈtelidʒənt ˈsensə]智能传感器198. flow rate [fləu reit]流量199. flowmeter ['fləʊmi:tə]流量计200. scale[skeɪl]标度尺。
煤矿安全专业英语
煤矿安全专业英语1．mine ventilation 矿山通风internal combustion engine 内燃机dilute 冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释contaminant 污染物noxious 有害的exhaust shaft 出风井colliery 煤矿sink 挖掘suction 吸入, 吸力, 抽气, 抽气机, 抽水泵, 吸引canary [动]金丝雀, 淡黄色trap door 通风门trapper 设阱捕兽者, [矿]矿井风门开关管理员moisture content 湿度thermodynamic 热力学的, 使用热动力的head 液压，气压：液体或气体产生的压力；压差static energy 静压能velocity energy 动能potential energy 位能、势能incompressible fluid 不可压缩流体3．Face 工作面blind 不通的（巷道）entry 水平巷道，主平巷（美国烟煤地区名称）；通向地面的通风巷道（煤）active entry 生产煤巷adit entry 平硐air entry 风巷crosscut 石门brattice 风障auxiliary fan 局部通风机open连通的air leakage 漏风heading 平巷blowing (or blower） system 压入式系统exhaust system 抽出式系统gas up 瓦斯积聚methane buildup 甲烷积聚4.axial-flow fan 轴流式风机centrifugal fan 离心式风机variable-pitch 可变安装角characteristic curve 特性曲线blade 叶片power output 输出功率power input 输入功率5.downcast shaft 进风竖井drift 水平巷道slope 斜井adit 平硐intake airway 进风巷return airway 回风巷upcast shaft 回风竖井"blow-out" panel 冲击板（防爆门）stopping 风墙Seal 密闭Stratum 【地质学】地层：组成成份大致相同的沉积岩的岩床或岩层spontaneous combustion 自燃door 风门airlock 风闸6.ventilation network 通风网络dead-end 独头巷道junction (node) 节点mass flow 质量流量volume flow 体积流量mesh 网孔datum 数据（data)【测】基点线, 基准面specific volume 比容barometric[,b?r?u'metrik] 大气压力的loop 回路Kinetic [ki'netik] energy 动能NVE=natural ventilation energy 自然通风能量NVP=natural ventilation pressure 自然风压7.propane 丙烷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳stratification 分层buoyancy 浮力turbulence 湍流hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物（烃类）8.rank 品级bituminous 烟煤anthracite 无烟煤igneous 【地】火成的natural fracture 原生裂隙cleat 【地质】割理porosity [p?:'r?siti] 多孔性9.conflagration [k?nfl?'ɡrei??n] 大火, 大火灾, 突发compressor [k?m'pres?] 压缩机Thrower ['θr?u?] 【军】投掷器, 喷射器, 发射器combustible [k?m'b?st?bl] 易燃物；可燃物earth [?:θ] [电] 接地, n.地线; 泥土；尘世；陆地smouldering ['sm?uld?ri?] 闷烧, 低温炼焦, 低温干馏propagation [,pr?p?'ɡei??n] 蔓延proliferate [pr?u'lif?reit] 增生蔓延distilled 由蒸馏得来的conveyor 运输机gearhead ['ɡi?hed] 机头sprinkler system ['spri?kl?] 自动喷水消防系统high expansion foam [f?um] 高倍膨胀泡沫10.sulphide ['s?lfaid] 硫化物inhibit [in'hibit] 阻止反应，减慢（反应的）速度oxidation [,?ksi'dei??n] 氧化作用SHT-self-heating temperature 自然温度Exothermic [,eks?u'θ?:mik] [化]发热的, 放出热量的chemisorption [kemi'z?:p??n] 化学吸附作用peroxy-complexe [p?'r?ksi] [k?p l?ks] 过化合物oxalic acid [?k's?lik] ['?sid] 草酸aromatic acid [,?r?u'm?tik] 芳香酸gobstink [sti?k] 采空区臭味Incineration [in,sin?'rei??n] 烧成灰susceptibility to spontaneous combustion 自然倾向性petrology [pi:'tr?l?d?i] 岩石学adiabatic [,?di?'b?tik] [物]绝热的, 隔热的goaf (gob) [ɡ?uf] 采空区friability [frai?'biliti] 脆性winning ['wini?] 【矿】开采; 备采煤区pillar 支柱per centage extraction 开采百分率multi-lift 多分层caving mining 崩落开采法gradient ['ɡreidi?nt] 倾斜度;梯度11.aerosol ['ε?r?s?l] 浮质(气体中的悬浮微粒,如烟,雾等) Microflora [,maikr?u'fl?:r?] 微植物群respiratory ['resp?r?t?ri] 呼吸的abrasion [?'brei??n] 磨损boring 打眼；钻进；钻探extraction 开采longwall 长壁开采法shearer （滚筒式）采煤机。
完整版内燃机专业英语翻译
Chapter 1 Enging types and their operation1.1 Introduction and historical perspective1．内燃机的目的是从蕴含在燃料中的化学能中得到机械动力。
The purpose of internal combustion engines is the production of mechanical power from the chemical energy contained in the fuel .2．有别于外部燃烧机器，在内燃机中，能量是在机器内部燃烧或氧化燃料释放出来的。
In internal combustion engines ,as distinct from external combustion engines, this energy is released by burning or oxidizing the fuel inside the engine.3．实际上正是由于燃烧发生在机器做功部件内部才使它们的设计和运行特征从根本上有别于其他类型的机器。
It is the fact that combustion takes places inside the work-producing part of these engines that makes their design and operating characteristics fundamentally different from those of other types of engine.4.他的专利利用将液体燃料喷入仅由压缩而加热的空气中触发燃烧使效率高出其他类型内燃机的两倍。
更高的压缩比，不存在爆震或敲缸的现象成为可能。
His concept of initiating combustion by injecting a liquid fuel into air heated solely by compression permitted a doubling of efficiency over other internal combustion engines.Much greater expansion ratios, without detonation or knock were now possible.5.Houdry 发现蒸发的油在450至480度的温度下经过活性催化剂可转化为高质量汽油，比热裂解的产出高得多。
内燃机专业英语汇总
发动机 engine内燃机 intenal combusiton engine动力机装置 power unit汽油机 gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机 gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机 spark ignition engine 压燃式发动机 compression ignition engine往复式内燃机 reciprocating internal combustion engine化油器式发动机 carburetor engine柴油机 diesel engine转子发动机 rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机 rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机 two-stroke engine四冲程发动机 four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机 direct injectionengine间接喷射式柴油机 indirect injection engine增压式发动机 supercharged engine风冷式发动机 air-cooled engine油冷式发动机 oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机 water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机 naturally aspirated engine煤气机 gas engine液化石油气发动机 liquified petroleumgas engine柴油煤气机 diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机 multifuel engine石油发动机 hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机 duel fuel engine热球式发动机 hot bulb engine多气缸发动机 multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机 opposed piston engine 对置气缸式发动机 opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机 cross head engine直列式发动机 in-line engine星型发动机 radial engine筒状活塞发动机 trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机 stirling engine套阀式发动机 knight engine气孔扫气式发动机 port-scavenged engine 倾斜式发动机 slant engine前置式发动机 front-engine后置式发动机 rear-engine中置式发动机 central engine左侧发动机 left-hand engine右侧发动机 right-hand engine短冲程发动机 oversquare engine长冲程发动机 undersquare engine等径程发动机 square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机 overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机 dual overhead camshaft engineV形发动机 V-engine顶置气门发动机 valve in-head engine 侧置气门发动机 side valve engine无气门发动机 valveless engine多气门发动机 multi-valve engine卧式发动机 horizontal engine斜置式发动机 inclined engine立式发动机 vertical engineW形发动机 w-engineI形发动机 I-engineL形发动机 L-engineF形发动机 F-engine二冲程循环 two-stroke cycle四冲程循环 four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环 diesel cycle奥托循环 otto cycle混合循环 mixed cycle定容循环 constant volume cycle工作循环 working cycle等压循环 constant pressure cycle理想循环 ideal cycle热力循环 thermodynamic cycle冲程 stroke活塞行程 piston stroke长行程 long stroke上行程 up stroke下行程 down stroke进气行程 intake stroke充气行程 charging stroke压缩行程 compression stroke爆炸行程 explosion stroke膨胀行程 expansion stroke动力行程 power stroke排气行程 exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程 expansion-exchange stroke 换气压缩行程 exchange-compression stroke止点 dead center上止点 top dead center(upper dead center)下止点 lower dead center(bottom dead center)上止点前 budc(before upper dead center) 上止点后 atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前 bbdc(before bottom dead center) 下止点后 abdc(after bottom dead center) 缸径 cylinder bore缸径与行程 bore and stroke空气室 energy chamber气缸余隙容积 cylinder clearance volume 燃烧室容积 combustion chamber volume 气缸最大容积 maximum cylinder volume 压缩室 compression chamber排气量 displacement发动机排量 engine displacement活塞排量 piston swept volume气缸容量 cylinder capacity单室容量 single-chamber capacity容积法 volumetry压缩比 compression ratio临界压缩比 critical compression ratio膨胀比 expansion ratio面容比 surface to volume ratio行程缸径比 stroke-bore ratio混合比 mixture ratio压缩压力 compression pressure制动平均有效压力 brake mean effective pressure(bmep)空燃比 air fuel ratio燃空比 fuel air ratio燃料当量比 fuel equivalence ratio扭矩 torque单缸功率 power per cylinder升功率 power per liter升扭矩 torque per liter升质量 mass per liter减额功率 derating power输出马力 shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时 horsepower-hour总马力 gross horse power 总功率 gross power净功率 net power燃油消耗量 fuel consumption比燃料消耗率 specific fuel consumption 空气消耗率 air consumption机油消耗量 oil consumption有效马力 net horse power额定马力 rated horse power马力重量系数 horsepower-weight factor 制动功率 brake horse power制动热效率 brake thermal efficiency总效率 overall efficiency排烟极限功率 smoke limiting horsepower 功率曲线 power curve机械损失 mechanical loss机械效率 mechanical efficiency有效热效率 effective thermal efficiency充气系数 volumetric efficiency过量空气系数 coefficient of excess air适应性系数 adaptive coefficient扭矩适应性系数 coefficient of torque adaptibility转速适应性系数 speed adaptive coefficient强化系数 coefficient of intensification校正系数 correction factor换算系数 conversion factor活塞平均速度 mean piston speed发动机转速 engine speed (rotational frequency)怠速转速 idling speed经济转速 economic speed起动转速 starting speed最低稳定工作转速 lowest continuous speed with load最大扭矩转速 speed at maximum torque 最高空转转速 maximum no load governed speed调速 speed governing超速 overspeed怠速 idling转速波动率 speed fluctuation rate工况 working condition(operating mode) 额定工况 declared working condition变工况 variable working condition稳定工况 steady working condition空载 no-load全负荷 full load超负荷 overload部分负荷 part load充量（进气） charge旋转方向 direction of rotation顺时针 clockwise逆时针 counter-clockwise左转 left-hand rotation右转 right-hand rotation外径 major diameter中径 pitch diameter内径 minor diameter径向间隙 radial clearance发动机性能 engine performance加载性能 loading performance起动性能 starting performance加速性能 acceleration performance动力性能 power performance排放性能 emission performance空转特性 no load characteristics负荷特性 part throttle characteristics调速特性 governor control characteristics万有特性 mapping characteristics稳定调速率 steady state speed governing rate气缸体和气缸盖 cylinder block and head 气缸体 cylinder block整体铸造 cast inblock (cast enblock)发动机罩 engine bonnet气缸体加强筋 engine block stiffeningrib气缸 cylinder（转子机）缸体 stator缸径 cylinder bore气缸体机架 cylinder block frame气缸盖 cylinder head配气机构箱 valve mechanism casing气缸体隔片 cylinder spacer气缸盖密封环 cylinder head ring gasket 气缸盖垫片 cylinder head gasket气缸套 cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)干式缸套 dry cylinder liner湿式缸套 wet cylinder liner气缸水套 water jacket膨胀塞 expansion plug防冻塞 freeze plug 气缸壁 cylinder wall环脊 ring ridge排气口 exhaust port中间隔板 intermediate bottum导板 guideway创成半径（转子机） generating radius缸体宽度（转子机） operating width机柱 column燃烧室 combustion chamber主燃烧室 main combustion chamber副燃烧室 subsidiary combustion chamber 预燃室 prechamber涡流燃烧室` swirl combustion chamber分开式燃烧室 divided combustion chamber 涡流式燃烧室 turbulence combustion chamber半球形燃烧室 hemispherical combustion chamber浴盆形燃烧室 bathtub section combustion chamberL形燃烧室 L-combustion chamber楔形燃烧室 wedge-section combustion chamber开式燃烧室 open combustion chamber封闭喷射室 closed spray chamber活塞顶内燃烧室 piston chamber爆发室 explosion chamber燃烧室容积比 volume ratio of combustion cahmber燃烧室口径比 surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber通道面积比 area ratio of combustion chamber passage曲轴箱通气口 crankcase breather凸轮轴轴承座 camshaft bearing bush seat 定时齿轮室罩 camshaft drive(gear)cover 曲轴箱检查孔盖 crankcase door曲轴箱防爆门 crankcase explosion proof door主轴承盖 main bearing cap气缸盖罩 valve mechanism cover飞轮壳 flywheel cover扫气储器 scavenging air receiver活塞 piston裙部开槽活塞 split skirt pistonU形槽活塞 U-slot piston滚花修复活塞 knurled piston圆顶活塞 dome head piston平顶活塞 flat head piston凸顶活塞 crown head piston(convex head piston)凹顶活塞 concave head piston阶梯顶活塞 step-head piston筒形活塞 trunk piston椭圆形活塞 oval piston抗热变形活塞 autothermic piston不变间隙活塞 constant clearance piston 镶因瓦钢片活塞 invar strut piston直接冷却式活塞 direct-cooled piston间接冷却式活塞 indirect cooled piston 滑裙活塞 slipper piston活塞速度 piston speed活塞顶部 piston head活塞裙部 piston skirt整体活塞裙 solid skirt活塞裙扩大衬簧 piston skirt expander滑履式活塞裙 slipper skirt隔热槽 heat dam活塞标记 piston mark活塞销 piston pin活塞销孔 piston pin boss活塞销衬套 piston pin bushing全浮式活塞销 full-floating piston pin半浮式活塞销 semifloating piston pin固定螺钉式活塞销 set screw piston pin 活塞环 piston ring组合式活塞环 compound piston ring同心活塞环 concentric piston ring偏心活塞环 eccentric piston ring自由环 free ring闭合环 closed ring梯形环 keystone ring半梯形环 half keystone ring矩形环 rectangular ring油环 oil control ring开槽油环 slotted oil control ring螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环 coil spring loaded slotted oil control ring涨环 expander双坡口油环 double bevelled oil control ring内上坡口 internal bevel top内下坡口 internal bevel bottom 边缘坡口油环 bevelled-ege oil control ring刮油环 scrapper ring钩形环 napier ring镀铬活塞环 chrome plated piston ring活塞衬环 piston ring expander活塞环槽 piston ring groove活塞环区 ring zone活塞环岸 piston ring land活塞环内表面 back of ring曲柄连杆机构 connecting rod中心曲柄连杆机构 central-located connecting rod偏心曲柄连杆机构 offset connecting rod 铰接曲柄边杆机构 hinged connecting rod 连杆 connecting rod连杆小头 connecting rod small end连杆大头 connnecting rod big end连杆杆身 connecting rod shank副连杆 slave connecting rod叉形连杆 fork-and-blade connecting rod 主连杆 main connecting rod方形连杆 boxed rod绞链式连杆 hinged type connecting rod 活节式连杆 articulated connecting rod连杆盖 connecting rod cap连杆轴承 connecting rod bearing曲轴 crankshaft整体式曲轴 one-piece crankshaft组合式曲轴 assembled crankshaft右侧曲轴 right-hand crankshaft左侧曲轴 left-hand crankshaft改变行程的曲轴stroked crankshaft曲轴前端 crankshaft front end曲轴主轴颈 crankshaft main journal轴颈重叠度 shaft journal overlap圆角 fillet主轴承main bearing曲轴止推轴承 crankshaft thrust bearing 薄臂轴瓦 thin wall bearing shell曲轴油道 crankshaft oil passage曲柄 crank曲柄臂 crank arm曲柄销 crank pin轴套 bush曲柄转角 crank angle曲柄半径 crank radius抛油圈 oil slander角度轮 degree wheel动平衡机 dynamic balancer平衡重 balancer weight扭振减振器 torshional vibration damper 扭振平衡器 torsion balancer谐振平衡器 harmonic balancer振动平衡器 vibration balancer曲轴链轮 crankshaft sprocket转子轴颈 rotor journal偏心轴 eccentric shaft曲轴箱 crankcase闭式曲轴箱通风装置 closed-crankcase ventilating system飞轮 flywheel飞轮齿圈 flywheel ring gear飞轮芯棒 cantilever飞轮芯轴 flywheel spindle飞轮的惯量矩 flywheel moment of inertia 飞轮标记 flywheel mark当量系统 equivalent system当量轴长 equivalent shaft length一级往复惯性力 reciprocating inertia force,1st order二级往复贯性力 reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order离心惯性力 centrifugal inertia force配气机构 valve gear凸轮轴 camshaft凸轮 cam整体式凸轮轴 one-piece camshaft组合式凸轮轴 assembled camshaft凸轮轴驱动机构 camshaft drive赛车用凸轮轴 race camshaft凸轮轴轴颈 camshaft bearing journal凸轮轴轴承 camshaft bearing凸轮轴偏心轮 camshaft eccentric凸轮轴链轮 camshaft sprocket凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing gear 凸轮轴齿轮 camshaft gear wheel进口凸轮 inlet cam排气凸轮exhaust cam快升凸轮quick lift cam快升缓降凸轮quick lift gradual clsing cam凸轮轮廓 cam contour凸轮包角 cam angle 凸轮升程 cam-lobe lift凸轮尖 cam nose凸轮从动件 cam follower齿轮传动机构gear drive正时齿轮 timing gear链传动机构 chain drive链轮 sprocket wheel链轮盘 chain sprocket正时链条 timing chain带齿皮带 toothed timing belt链条张紧轮 chain tension gear半速齿轮 half speed gear正时齿轮刻印记号 timing gear punch mark 气门 valve进气过程 intake process换气过程 gas exchange process扫气过程 scavenging process给气比 delivery ratio分层充气 stratified charge充量系数 volumetric efficiency涡流比 swirl rate进气涡流 intake swirl螺旋进气道进气 helical duct intake导流屏式气门进气 masked valve intake切向进气道进气 tangential duct intake进气紊流 intake trubulence进气提前角 intake advance angle进气持续角 intake duration angle进气迟后角 intake lag angle进面值 time-area value气门升程 valve lift气门正时 valve timing扫气口面积 scavenging port area菌形气门 mashroom valve, poppet valve 钠冷却气门 sodium filled valve(natrium cooled valve)双气门 dual valve进气门 intake valve (suctionvalve,inlet valve)排气门 exhaust valve顶置气门 overhead valve侧置气门 side valve倾斜气门 inclined overhead valve直立气门 vertical overhead valve套筒式滑阀 sleeve valve气门机构 valve gear直接式气门驱动机构 direct valve gear间接式气门驱动机构 indirect valve gear 气门杆 valve stem加大气门杆 oversize valve stem气门头 valve head气门工作面 valve face气门边限 valve margin气门弹簧座 valve-spring retainer气门锁片 valve key气门间隙调节螺钉 valve lash adjusting screw气门旋转器 valve rotator气门室 valve cage气门油封 valve oil seal气门口 valve port气门座 valve seat气门座镶圈（嵌镶式气门座圈）valve seat insert(valve seat ring)气门座锥角 valve seat angle气门座宽度 valve seat width气门挺杆 valve tappet(valve lifter)液力挺杆 hydraulic tappet(lifter)无间隙挺杆 zero-rush tappet (non-clearance tappet)筒形挺杆 barrel type tappet油压挺杆 ooil tappet滚轮挺杆roller tappet(lifter)挺杆转位 tappet rotation排气门挺杆 exhaust valve lifter气门导管 valve guide气门杆导管 stem guide气门重叠度 stem overlap气门开启持续时间 valve duration气门正时标记 valve timing sign气门弹簧 valve spring气门内弹簧 inner valve spring气门外弹簧 outer valve spring刚性缓冲弹簧 stiff buffer spring上紧弹簧 energizing spring防振气门弹簧 non-surging spring弹簧座圈 spring retainer蝶形弹簧 belleville spring滚柱 roller气门室盖 valve chamber cover摇臂 rocker arm高升程摇臂 high lift rocker arm摇臂轴 rocker arm shaft推杆 push-rod 摇臂支架 rocker arm bracket气门摇臂室罩 valve rocker chamber cover 导向轮 guide wheel导杆 slide bar导轨 slide rail张紧轮 tensioning wheel链条张紧调节装置 assembly chain tension adjuster张紧带轮 tensioning pulley传动带张紧装置 belt tensioner同步驱动皮带 synchronous belt同步驱动皮轮 synchronous belt pulley供油系 fuel system控制燃烧系统 controlled combustion system反湿气装置 antipercolator电子燃油喷射 electronic fuel injection蒸气回收装置 vapor recovery system燃油蒸气回收系统 fuel vapor recovery system液体回收装置 liquid withdrawal system恒量净化管 constant purge line碳罐净化管 canister purge line供油量 fuel delivery循环供油量 fuel delivery per cycle额定供油量 rated fuel delivery怠速供油量 idling speed fuel delivery供油规律 fuel supply rate curve油量调节装置 fuel control unit供油提前角 fuel supply advance angle进油计量 inlet metering几何供油行程 geometric fuel delivery stroke供油率 fuel supply rate燃油通道 fuel gallery有效行程 effective stroke剩余行程 remainder stroke变行程计量 variable stroke metering等容卸载 constant volume unloading变容卸载 variable volume unloading收缩容积 retraction volume燃油喷油装置 fuel injection equipment燃油喷射泵 fuel injection pump滚轮式燃油喷射泵 roll fuel injectionpump凸轮轴式燃油喷射泵 camshaft fuel injection pump直列式燃油喷射泵 in-line fuel injection pump伺服式燃油喷射泵 servo fuel injection pump底部突缘安装燃油喷射泵base flanged mounted fuel injection pump上部安装燃油喷射泵 high flanged-mounted fuel injection pump侧向安装燃油喷射泵 side-mounted fuel injection pump端部突缘安装式燃油喷射泵 end flange-mounted fuel injection pumpV形燃油喷射泵 vee fuel injection pump脉动式燃油喷射泵 jerk fuel injectionpump螺纹安装燃油喷射泵 screw-mounted fuel injection pump蓄能式燃油喷射泵 accumulator fuel injection pump往复式燃油喷射泵 reciprocating fuel injection pump驱动轴式燃油喷射泵 driveshaft fuel injection pump单缸式燃油喷射泵 single cylinder fuel injection pump圆柱式燃油喷射泵 cylindrical fuelinjection pump旋转式燃油喷射泵 rotary fuel injection pump分配式燃油喷射泵 distributor fuelinjection pump多缸燃油喷射泵 multicylinder fuel injection pump框架安装式燃油喷射泵 cradle mounted injection pump喷油始点 fuel injection beginning喷油终点 fuel injection end喷油持续角 fuel injection durationangle喷油延迟 injection delay引燃喷射 pilot injection启喷压力 injection starting pressure峰值喷油扭矩 peak injection torque峰值喷油压力 peak injection pressure喷油泵油缸数目 number of cylinders ofan injection pump无气喷射 solid injection 喷射正时 injection timing集中喷射 group injection喷油器 injector整体式喷油器 unit injector喷嘴 nozzle轴针式喷嘴 pintle type nozzle环槽式喷嘴 annular slot nozzle孔式喷嘴 hole type nozzle长杆喷嘴long stem nozzle孔板式喷嘴 orifice plate nozzle开式喷嘴 open nozzle闭式喷嘴 closed nozzle喷油提前器 timing advance unit喷射泵壳体 injection pump housing针阀 needle芯轴 central spindle喷嘴壳体 nozzle body针阀升程 needle lift喷嘴盖形螺母 nozzle cap nut喷油器壳体 nozzle holder突缘安装喷油器壳体 flanged-mounted injection nozzle holder自动阻风门 automatic choke阻风门拉钮 choke button电控自动阻风门 electric-assisted choke 阻风管 choke tube喉管 venturi双重或三重喉管 double & triple venturi 阻风门拉线 choke cable化油器小喉管 booster venturi浮子系 float system浮子 float环形浮子 annular float同心式浮子 concentric float浮子支销 float hinge pin浮子针阀 float needle valve阀针 valve needle浮子油面 float level浮子臂 float arm侧置浮子室式 side float type怠速阀 idle valve怠速针阀 idle needle省油器 economizer省油器阀 economizer valve辅助空气阀 auxiliary air-valve加速油井 accelerating well加速泵 accelerating pump加速泵喷嘴 accelerating pump nozzle油门 throttle手油门 hand throttle节气门操纵手柄 throttle control lever真空加浓器 vacuum booster加浓器 excess fuel device量孔体 jet block怠速量孔 idle metering jet主量孔 main metering jet剂量阀活塞 dosage valve piston空气量孔 air jet燃油滤清器 fuel filter沉淀杯 sediment bowl串联过滤器 in-line filter燃油箱内装过滤器 in-tank filter调速器 governor飞球式调速器 flyball governor调速器 governor飞球式调速器 flyball governor液压调速器 hydraulic governor真空转速调速器 vacuum speed governor 惯性调速器 inertia governor离心调速器 centrifugal governor调速器重锤 governor weight空气滤清器及进排气系统 air cleaner and intake and exhaust sytem空气滤清器 air filter冲压式空气滤清器 ram air clearner恒温控制式空气滤清器 thermostatic controlled air cleaner油浴式空气滤清器 oil bath air cleaner纸质空气滤清器 paper air clearner旋流管式空气滤清器 swirl tube airfilter滤清器滤芯 filter element空气滤清器壳体 air filter housing空气滤清器盖 air filter cover滤清器密封圈 filter seal ring滤网 sieve滤纸盘或膜 filter paper disc or membrane进气和排气系统 intake and exhaust system排气管 exhaust pipe排气抽气管 exhaust extraction duct扫气泵 scavenging pump进气预热装置 intake preheater 进气歧管 intake manifold进气歧管真空度 intake manifold vacuum 冷式进气歧管 cold manifold冲压式进气歧管 ram intake manifold排气歧管 exhaust manifold脉冲式排气歧管 pulse exhaust manifold 等压排气歧管 constant pressrue exhaust manifold排气歧管热量控制阀 exhaust manifold heat control valve超高度歧管 high-rise manifold升温横跨管道 heat crossover排气横跨管道 exhaust crossover预热点 hot spot阻风门加热器 choke heater热空气导流管 hot air duct隔热板 heat shield排气再循环阀 exhaust -gas-recirculation 消声器 silencer进气消声器 intake silencer排气消声器 exhaust silencer金属垫片式消声器 steel pack muffler玻璃丝消声器 glass pack muffler空洞消声器 gutted muffler前排气管 front exhaust pipe尾管 tail pipe消声器联接管 intermediate pipe热空气管 hot air pipe曲轴箱通风管 crankcase bleed pipe隔声罩 acoustic hood进气消声器元件 silencer element真空泵 vacuum pump指示功率 indicated power指示热效率 indicated thermal efficiency 指示油耗率 indicated specific energy consumption示功图 indicator diagram冷却系 cooling system风冷 air cooling水冷 water-cooling循环流冷却系cooling recovery system 自然循环液冷却系统 natural circulation type cooling system热流循环液冷却系统 thermo-siphon circulation type cooling system温差循环液冷却系统 gravity circulation water cooling system压力式水冷却系统 positive circulation cooling system加压式冷却法 pressure type cooling水泵循环冷却系统 pump circulation cooling system强制循环式化冷系统 forced-feed water circulation system封闭式液冷系统 sealed cooling system 散热器 radiator片式散热器 finned radiator管式散热器 tubular radiator蜂窝式散热器 cellular radiator哈里逊式散热器 Harrison type radiator 带板式散热器 ribbon type radiator上水箱 upper tank下水箱 lower tank涨溢箱 expansion tank散热器芯 radiator core之字形管散热器芯 film core管-片式散热器芯 fin and tube core散热器加水口盖 radiator filter cap压力式水箱盖 radiator-pressure cap蒸气-空气泄放阀 vapor-air release valve 散热器护罩 radiator cowl散热器百叶窗 radiator shutter散热器保温帘 radiator roller blind散热片 cooling fin缸盖散热片 cylinder head fin缸体散热片 cylinder block fin控温装置 temperature regulating device 恒温器 thermostat恒温器主阀 thermostat main valve恒温器旁通阀 thermostat by-pass valve 恒温器挠性波纹筒 thermostat flexible bellows液体冷却设备 liquid cooling equipment 水泵 water pump水泵体 pump casing水泵叶轮 water pump impeller旁通进水口 water by-pass inlet neck循环泵 circulating pump主进水口 water main inlet port出水口 water outlet port自调式水封 self-adjusting seal unit溢流管 overflow pipe导流板 deflector风扇 fan(blower) 轴流式风扇 axial flow fan离心式风扇 centrifugal fan风扇壳体 blower casing风扇导流罩 fan cowl风扇毂 fan hub风扇叶片 fan blade风扇叶轮 blower impeller风扇导流定子 blower stator风扇皮带轮 fan pulley三角皮带 v-belt风扇护罩 fan shroud风扇叶轮叶片 impeller vane冷却用空气 cooling air风扇导流叶片 stator vane强制风冷 forced-air cooling自然风冷 natural air cooling风道 air ducting润滑系 lubrication system润滑 lubrication气缸上部润滑 upper cylinder lubrication 压力润滑 pressure-feed lubrication压力润滑法 forced lubrication自动润滑 automatic lubrication飞溅润滑 splash lubrication润滑周期 lubrication interval边界润滑 borderline lubrication曲轴箱机油油盘 crankcase oil pan油底壳 oil pan机油盘放油塞 sump plug集油器 oil collector机油泵 oil pump计量式机油泵 metering oil pump齿轮式机油泵 gear type oil pump转子式机油泵 rotor-type oil pump机油泵出油管 oil pump outlet pipe放油口 oil drain hole油道 oil duct断油开关 cut-off cock机油散热器 oil cooler机油滤清器 oil filter机油粗滤器 primary oil filter机油精滤器 secondary oil filter全流式机油滤清器 full-flow oil filter分流式机油滤清器 by-pass oil filter离心式机油滤清器 centrifugal oil filter 整体式滤芯 integral filtering element细滤器滤芯 filter element滤清器壳 filter box滤片filtering disc机油减压器 oil pressure relief valve旁通阀 by-pass oil filter机油滤网 oil strainer加机油孔 oil filter cap滤芯轴 filter shaft刮片组件 cleaning edge机油量尺 dipstick机油滤网 oil strainer增压器 supercharger增压和扫气装置 pressure-charging and scavenging unit增压装置 supercharging device涡轮增压器 turbo-charger气波增压器 comprex pressure wave supercharger增压器阻风阀 supercharger blast gate增压器调节容气量的旁通阀 supercharger control bypass增压器叶轮 supercharger impeller惯性增压 inertia supercharging机械增压 mechanical supercharging涡轮增压 turbo-charging增压比 supercharge ratio增压压力 boost pressure增压中冷 inter-cooling中冷度 inter-cooling level增压度 supercharging level喘振 surge喘振线 surge line轴流式涡轮 axial-flow turbine脉冲进气 ram charging发动机试验 engine test发动机试验规程 engine test procedure发动机技术要求 engine technical requirements标准大气状况 standard atmospheric conditions大气压力 atmospheric pressure进气温度 inlet air temperature进气温度 inlet air temperature功率校正 power correction功率标定 power rating功率换算 power conversion校正系数 correction factor换算系数 performance test 性能试验 performance test起动性能试验 starting ability test怠速试验 idle running test道路负荷试验 road load test各缸工作均匀性试验 cylinder variation test背压试验 back pressure test最低稳定工作转速试验 lowest continuous speed test with load背部泄漏试验 back-leakage test调整试验 adjustment test热平衡试验 heat balance test快速磨损试验 accelerated wear test热冲击试验 thermo-shock test空载特性试验 no-load characteristictest模拟增压试验 simulated supercharging test停缸试验 cylinder fuel-cut test增压机匹配试验turbo-charger matching test排气分析试验 exhaust analysis test突变负荷试验 sudden load change test 稳定性试验 stability test单缸熄火试验 one cylinder shut off test 例行检查试验 routine inspection test验证试验 verification test鉴定试验 approval test可靠性试验 reliability test耐久性试验 durability test定型试验 type approval test验收试验 acceptance test现场试验 field test出厂试验 delivery test抽查试验 spot check test复查试验 re-check test台架试验 bench test强化试验 hop-up test发动机试验台 engine test bed底盘测功机 chassis dynamometer测功机 dynamometer水力测功机 hydraulic dynamometer电涡流测功机 eddy current dynamometer 电力测功机 electric dynamometer扭矩仪 torque meter转速表 tachometer温度测量 thermometry温度测量仪器 thermometric instruments 空气流量测量 air flow measurement热线风速仪 hot wire anemometer电子示功仪 electronic indicator燃烧分析仪 combustion analyzer压力传感器 pressure transducer精密声级计 precision sound level meter 排放 emission排放物 emission排气污染物 gaseous pollutant蒸发排放物 evaporative emission曲轴箱排放物 crankcase emission漏气 blowby gas氨氧化物 oxids of nitrogen一气化碳 carbon monoxide碳氢化合物 hydrocarbon甲烷 methane无甲烷碳氢化合物non-methane hydrocarbons光化学活性碳氢化合物 photochemically reactive hydrocarbons微粒物 particulated matter黑烟 black smoke蓝烟 blue smoke白烟 white smoke碳烟 soot光化学烟雾smog臭味 odor丙烷 propane排放浓度 concentration of emission排气烟度 exhaust smoke先期排气 initial exhaust亚临界排气 subcritical exhaust超临界排气 supercritical exhaust强制排气 forced exhaust自由排气 free exhaust排气提前角 exhaust advance angle排气迟后角 exhaust lag angle排气热损失 exhaust heat loss排气净化 exhaust purification排气背压 exhaust back pressure残余废气 residual gas排气有害成分 poisonous exhaust composition柴油机排烟 diesel smoke综合排放浓度 composite concentration of exhaust emission 综合排放质量 composite mass of exhaust emission排放系数 emission factor排放率emission index质量排放量 mass emission比排放量 brake specific emission排放物控制系统 emission control system 排气排放物控制系统 exhaust emission control system二次空气 secondary air二次空气分配歧管 secondary air distribution二次空气控制阀 secondary air control valve二次空气转换阀 secondary air switching valve二次空气转流阀 secondary air diverter valve二次空气喷射装置 secondary airinjection system二次空气喷射管 secondary air injection tube二次空气喷射减速压阀 secondary air injection relief valve脉动空气装置 pulsating air system二次空气泵 secondary air pump曲轴箱排放物控制系统 crankcase emission control system曲轴箱双通风系统 crankcase closed system曲轴箱单通风系统 crankcase sealed system曲轴箱强制通风装置 positive crankcase ventilationPCV阀 PCV valve蒸发排放物控制系统 evaporative emission control system活性碳罐贮存装置 charcoal canister storage system活性碳罐 charcoal canister曲轴箱贮存装置 crankcase storage system 空气滤清器贮存装置 air filter storage system燃油箱止回阀 fuel tank check valve油气分离器 fuel and vapor separator清除阀 furge valve催化转化系统 catalytic convertingsystem催化燃烧分析仪 catalytic combustionanalyzer催化剂 catalyst转化器 converter催化转化器 catalytic converter轴流式转化器 AXIAL FLOW TYPE CONVERTER 径流式转化器 RADIAL FLOW TYPE CONVERTER 下流式转化器 down flow type converter上流式转化器 up flow type converter双床式转化器 dual bed converter单床式转化器 single bed converter氧化型催化剂 oxidation catalyst还原型催化剂 reduction catalyst三元催化剂 three-way catalyst贵金属催化剂 noble metal catalyst普通金属催化剂 base metal catalyst稀土催化剂 rare earth catalyst催化剂耗损 catalyst attrition催化剂收缩 catalyst shrinkage催化剂中毒 catalyst poisoning比表面积 specific surface area空速 space velocity载体涂料 washcoat双重催化系统 dual -catalyst system催化箱 catalyst container载体 substrate整体式载体 monolithic substrate颗粒式载体 pelleted substrate转化效率 conversion efficiency熄灯温度 light-off temperature热态反应系统 thermal reacting system热反应器 thermal reactor反应式歧管 reactive manifold过热保护装置 over heating protectionsystem过热警报装置 over heating warningsystem排气口衬套 exhaust port liner后燃器 after burner排气再循环系 EGR system排气再循环 exhaust gas recirculation节气门前EGR系统 above throttle valveEGR system节气门后EGR 系统 below throttle valveEGR system 空气比例式EGR系统 air proportional EGR system负荷比例式EGR系统 load proportional EGR system孔口真空控制式EGR 系统 ported vacuum controlled EGR system喉管真空控制式EGR系统 venturi vacuum controlled EGR system排气压力控制式EGR系统 exhaust pressure controlled EGR system声速控制式EGR系统 sonic controlled EGR system电子控制式EGR系统 electroniccontrolled EGR system EGR冷却器 EGR cooler EGR过滤器 GER filter EGR控制阀 EGR control valve EGR调压阀 EGR pressure regulator再循环排气 EGR gas再循环排气率 EGR rate点火和喷油时刻控制系统 ignition and injection timing control system点火时刻控制系统 ignition timingcontrol system减速点火提前控制装置 deceleration spark advance control推迟喷油时刻控制系统 retarded injection timing control system转速控制的推迟喷油时刻 retarded injection timing with speed负荷控制的推迟喷油时刻 retarded injection timing with load燃油控制系统 fuel control system反馈控制 feedback control空燃比反馈控制系统 air-fuel ratiofeedback control system理论配比 stoichiometric高效带 window氧传感器 oxygen sensor稀混合气 lean mixture浓混合气 rich mixture分层充气 stratified charge温度补偿 temperature compensating海拔补偿 altitude compensating气压补偿 atmospheric pressure compensating电子控制化油器 electronic controlled carburetor电子燃油喷射系统 electronic fuel injection system怠速限制器 idle limiter阻风门开启器 choke opener减速控制装置 deceleration control system补气阀 gulp valve节气门定位器 throttle positioner节气门缓冲器 throttle dash pot节气门开启器 throttle opener强制怠速加浓装置 coasting richer发动机电子集中控制系统 electronic concentrated engine control system温度传感器 temperature sensor压力传感器 pressure sensor位置传感器 position sensor转速传感器 speed sensor爆震传感器 knock sensor进气流量传感器 intake flow sensor温度开关 temperature switch节气门位置开关 throttle position switch 其他控制装置 other control systems除水系统 water removal system喷水装置 water injection system调温式空气滤清器 temperature controlled (modulated )air cleaner微粒物捕集装置 particulate trap system 捕集装置氧化器 trap oxidizer一氧化碳容积百分率 carbon monoxide percent by volume一氧化碳分析仪 co analyzer湿度 moisture量距和零点 span and zero补偿 compensation标定气体 calibration gas样气处理系统 sample handling system 凝水分离器 condensate trap密封垫 gasket玷污 contaminate防漏 leakproof稀释 dilution算术平均值 arithmetic average精度 accuracy全量程 full scale漂移 drift 预热时间 warm-up time抗腐蚀性 corrosion -resistance流量计 flowmeter热交换器 heat exchanger不透气收集袋 gas-tight collection bag分析测定方法和仪器 analysis measuring method and instrument不分光红外线分析法 nondispersive infrared不分光紫外线分析法 nondispersive ultraviolet氢火焰离子化检测器 flame ionization ditector总碳氢化合物分析仪 total hydrocarbon analyzer气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph化学发光检测器 chemiluminescent detector臭氧发生器 ozonator底盘测功机 chassis dynamometer惯性模拟系统 inertia simulation system功率吸收装置 device for powerabsorption转鼓 roller空气阻力 aerodynamic resistance滚动阻力 rolling resistance当量惯量 equivalent inertia滤纸式测试仪 filter-type measuring apparatus转速表 tachometer成套分析设备 analytical train组合气室 stacked cell参比室 reference cell滤光室 filter cell干扰滤光器 interferential filter加热式氢火焰离子化检测器heated flame ionization detector氮氧化合物转化器 Nox converter(No2-NO) 反应室 reactive cell (chamber)催化燃烧分析仪 catalytic combustion analyzer碳氢化合物响应度 hydrocarbon response 碳数当量 carbon equivalent百万分率碳 parts per million carbon (ppmC)氧干扰 oxygen interference氧校正 oxygen correction。
汽车专业英语习题答案
Unit 1EXERCISE 21.内燃机2. a reciprocating engine3. 废气排放4. fuel consumption5. 燃油经济性6. combustion chamber7. 混合动力汽车8. mass production9. 双燃料汽车 10. air-cooled engineEXERCISE 31. A diesel engine2. internal combustion engine3. diesel engines4. converts … into5. in a reciprocating engine6. engine7. four strokes cycle8. electric motorEXERCISE 51. diesel engines, in many aspects/respects/ways, work in the same way as gasoline engines2. makes the car and the truck move3. every time it was required to stop the car4. Some of parts make the car more comfortable or better looking5. if allowed to remain in the engineEXERCISE 61. years2. solve3. basically4. exhaust pipe5. without6. benefited7. based on8. in the 80’s9. runs out 10. the right side EXERCISE 81. 代用燃料汽车2. 高科技汽车3. 混合动力电动汽车4. 在节气门上方5. 发动机控制系统6. 发动机控制模块EXERCISE 91. 1）that is stopping oil from circulating 2）The engine’s valve lifters are collapsed2. 1）The engine may have mechanical problems2）The engine’s piston rings may be wornUnit 2EXERCISE 21.汽油(发动)机2. in low-speed driving conditions3. 达到各种不同的目的4. higher energy density5. 电动机6. air conditioning7. 反馈制动8. power source9.资源消耗 10. dashboard displayEXERCISE 31.co nverts…into2. shut off3. hybrid electric vehicles4. transmission5. slow down6. generator7. the most efficient operation8. current standard vehiclesEXERCISE 51. reflect the spirit of the time2. electric motors, steam engines and internal combustion engines3. a speed and power changing device4. reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise5. are increasingly becoming more prevalentEXERCISE 6rear wheel drive 4. at an average speed 5. currently 6. based on 7. camshafts 8. Due to1. W12 engines2. three cylinders3. 3. rear wheel driveEXERCISE 81.可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置2.上止点3.每分钟转数4.单顶置凸轮5. 双顶置凸轮6. 下止点7.前置发动机前轮驱动8. 混合动力汽车 EXERCISE 91.1） the same air pressure 2）linkage2.1）out of alignment 2）out of adjustmentUnit 3EXERCISE 21. 气门机构2. pushrod engine3. 气门弹簧4. timing chain5. 气门锥面6. steel alloy7. 气门座8. timing belt9. 挺柱 10. at high engine speed EXERCISE 31. valve2. valve train3.intake and exhaust ports4. valve face5. push rods6. rocker arm7. camshaft8. valve springEXERCISE 51. transmit the force from the camshaft to the pushrods2. the intake valves heat less during engine operation3. the valve spring provides the force necessary to close the valve4. the valve train should undergo regular maintenance5. the more power strokes produced for each revolutionEXERCISE 61. engine operation2. valve rotator3. grooves4. freely5. which6. is compressed7. causes8. against9. roll down 10. the valveEXERCISE 81. 顶置双凸轮轴2. 顶置单凸轮轴3. 顶置气门4. 电子控制装置5. 三菱新气门相位和升程电子控制装置6. 智能可变气门相位7. 智能可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置8. 可变气门升程EXERCISE 91. 1）out of alignment 2）tires2. 1）low 2） the transmissionUnit 4EXERCISE 21. 一次电路2. ignition system3. 磁力场4. spark plug wire5. 曲轴正时传感器6. distributor cap7. 点火线圈一次绕组8. control module9. 分电器触点 10. breaker pointEXERCISE 31. spark plug2. ignition system3. ignition coil4. ignition switch5. An electronic ignition system6. the secondary windings7. battery8. primary windingsEXERCISE 51. changes electron flow into light and the horn into sound2. every vehicle has its own ignition system and is started by it3. consists of these parts like spark plugs, wiring, distributor, ignition coil, andsource of electrical current4. it would soon become discharged5. The mixture comes to exploding burningEXERCISE 61. an automotive starter2. connects3. ignition switch4. simultaneously5. magnetic fields6. Immediately7. connecting plate8. So9. meanwhile 10. keep onEXERCISE 81. 传统点火系统2. 电子点火系统3. 点火4. 点火上止点5. 直接点火6. 无分电器点火EXERCISE 91. 1）wheel lug nuts 2）worn or damaged2.1）the correct pressure 2）needs to be replacedUnit 5EXERCISE 21.手动变速器2. automatic transmission3. 行星齿轮组4. transaxle assembly5. 差速器6. clutch pedal7. 变速杆8. release bearing9. 发动机制动 10. torque converterEXERCISE 3manual transmissions 2. a torque converter 3. the power train 4. the drive shaft 5. The clutch 6. the flywheel 7.the clutch pedal 8. clutch release bearing1.1.manual transmissionsEXERCISE 51. from the engine through the power train to the car2. If your car transmission needs repairs or replacement3. the gear ratio would be similar to third gear4. does not require any regular maintenance or adjustments5. depending on the type of drive usedEXERCISE 61. automatically2. depressing3. An automatic transmission4. other operating conditions5. down-shifts6. manually7. Depending on8. during9. consists of 10. reaction membersEXERCISE 81. 前轮驱动2. 后轮驱动3. 四轮驱动4. 动力输5. 传动系控制模块6. 动力分配装置EXERCISE 91. 1）an internal problem in transmission 2）out of adjustment or damaged2.1）internal transmission problems 2）the vacuum line is disconnected Unit 6EXERCISE 21. 制动系统2. the parking brake3.行车制动系统4. the disk brake5. 手制动6.the brake shoe7. 鼓式制动器8. brake pads9. 制动性能 10. brake fluid EXERCISE 31. breaking system2. Brake fluid3. the brake pedal4. slowing down5. friction6. the service brake7. The brake lining8. The brake drumEXERCISE 51. is actually a friction device to change power into heat2. the mechanical brakes and the hydraulic brakes3. the automobile brake system4. The tops of shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder5. to prevent rust and corrosionEXERCISE 61. a valve2. chambers3. the brake pedal4. the power assist5. reliable6. however7. In order to8. shuts off9. after that 10. much pressureEXERCISE 81.制动力2. 制动调节阀3. 制动块4. 制动功率5. 平均有效制动压力6. 制动主缸EXERCISE 91. 1）in the hydraulic circuit 2）dangerously worn 3）the wrong type of fluid2. 1）lubrication badly 2）inside your rear brakesEXERCISE 21. 悬架系统2. front suspension system3. 空气压缩机4. torque tube5. 桥壳定位6. coil spring7. 下控制臂8. rebound clip9. 牵引杆 10. control armEXERCISE 31. leaf springs2. suspension3. Shock absorber4. springs5. coil springs6. pivot from side to side7. torsion bars8. rebound clips EXERCISE 51. springs are the major component2. one of the major automobile system3. the use of suspension system has increased strength and durability of components4. transmits the weight of the body and other components to the axles and wheels5. having a piston force fluid through a small openingEXERCISE 61. the rear axle2. front3. independently4. the latter5. Dependent front suspensions6. Basically7. a solid bar8. mainstream cars 9. move 10. especiallyEXERCISE 81. 悬架2. 车架高度3. 前桥4. 后桥5. 钢板弹簧6. 扭杆弹簧EXERCISE 91. 1）should be replaced with the correct type 2）the wrong type of fluid was put in your car2. 1）pump is bad 2）be lubricated or repairedUnit 8EXERCISE 21. 齿轮齿条转向2. steering shaft3. 循环球转向4. steering wheel5. 横拉杆内接头6. steering arm7. 横拉杆外接头8. steering gear9. 机械效益 10. steering systemEXERCISE 31.influence upon2. steering gear3.steering wheel4.consists of5. ball nut6. move up and down7. rack-and-pinion steering8. steering arms EXERCISE 51. steering wheel, steering gears, linkages, and other components2. causes the pitman shaft and arm to rotate3. prevent side-slip of all automobile wheels in cornering4. steering gear plays a important role5. manual steering system and power steering systemEXERCISE 61. fluid2. manual steering gear3. larger4. a high pressure5. special oil6. same7. steering arms8. includes9. the other end 10. the intermediate rodEXERCISE 81. 汽车稳定性控制2. 全球公认的杰作3. 防抱死制动系统4. 防抱死制动系统控制模块5.(防抱死制动系统)转速脉冲传感器6. 动力转向控制装置7. 动力转向8. 多用途赛车，运动型多用途车EXERCISE 91. 1）be lubricated 2）be adjusted 3）the power steering unit2. 1）bad 2）leak 3）incorrectUnit 9EXERCISE 21. 润滑系统2. moving component3. 循环机油4. compression pressure5. 集滤器6. pressure-regulator valve7. 旁通阀8. oil filter9. 循环流体10. operating temperatureEXERCISE 31. moving parts2. oil pump3. oil pan4. lubricate5. oil filter6. friction7. drain8. passagesEXERCISE 51. The engine can work effectively2. an automobile could not run itself3. contains mechanical parts such as the oil pump, the oil filter, the oil pressurerelief valve, etc.4. it absorbs and carries the heat away from the engine parts5. forms a good seal between piston rings and cylinder wallsEXERCISE 61. build up2. pumps3. camshaft4. suffer from5. replacement6. oil pressure7. filters8. However9. possibility 10. greatly EXERCISE 81. 冷却液温度控制2. 润滑油3. 润滑油泵4. 长效冷却液5. 机油润滑轴承6. 换油期限EXERCISE 91）the radiator coolant reservoir is a plastic tank near radiator2）if the level is low, remove the top of the reservoir and add coolant3）don't try to remove the radiator cap when the engine is hotUnit 10EXERCISE 21. 安全气囊模块2. gas generator3. 散热器支架4. peak load5. 固态化学气体6. trim cover7. 保护板8. airbag sensor9. 中央气囊传感器总成 10. deployment of airbagsEXERCISE 31. the air bag system2. the sensor3. The inflator4. Seatbelts5. pretensioner6. collision7. a high strength fiber8. injury EXERCISE 5automotive designs that reflect the feature of the timea center airbag sensor, safe sensors, ignition control and drive circuit, diagnosis circuit, etc.All connectors in the airbag system are colored yellowto ensure high reliabilityto be met the new SRS airbag system of the vehicleEXERCISE 61. one place2. specific model3. figuring out4. familiar with5. in the system6. the heat7. expansion valve8. adds heatEXERCISE 81. (乘员保护装置) 辅助约束系统2. 空气流量传感器3. (乘员) 安全气囊式约束装置4. 防抱死制动系统5. 电动空气调节阀6. 辅助空气调节 EXERCISE 91） bad 2）leak 3）incorrect三、段落翻译复习范围：Unit 1 Passage A: 第一段，第三段； Unit 2 Passage A: 第一段，第二段；Unit 3 Passage A: 第二段，第五段； Unit 4 Passage A: 第一段（包括后面的1,2,3），最后一段；Unit 5 Passage A: 第一段，第六段；Unit 6 Passage A: 第一、二段，最后一段； Unit 7 Passage A: 第一段，第四段；Unit 8 Passage A: 第一段，第七段（包括后面的1, 2，On most cars,……）；Unit 9 Passage A: 第一段，第五段； Unit 10 Passage A: 第一段，第二段。
内燃机专业英语
发动机engine内燃机internal-combustion engine动力机装置power unit汽油机gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机spark ignition engine压燃式发动机compression ignition engine往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine 化油器式发动机carburetor engine柴油机diesel engine转子发动机rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机two-stroke engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机indirect injection engine增压式发动机supercharged engine风冷式发动机air-cooled engine油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine煤气机gas engine液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine 柴油煤气机diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机multifuel engine石油发动机hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机duel fuel engine热球式发动机hot bulb engine多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机cross head engine直列式发动机in-line engine星型发动机radial engine筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机stirling engine套阀式发动机knight engine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine倾斜式发动机slant engine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机central engine左侧发动机left-hand engine右侧发动机right-hand engine短冲程发动机oversquare engine长冲程发动机undersquare engine等径程发动机square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine 形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机side valve engine无气门发动机valveless engine多气门发动机multi-valve engine卧式发动机horizontal engine斜置式发动机inclined engine立式发动机vertical engineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engine性能performance二冲程循环two-stroke cycle四冲程循环four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环diesel cycle奥托循环otto cycle混合循环mixed cycle定容循环constant volume cycle工作循环working cycle等压循环constant pressure cycle理想循环ideal cycle热力循环thermodynamic cycle冲程stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程long stroke上行程up stroke下行程down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging stroke压缩行程compression stroke爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke动力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke 换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke止点dead center上止点top dead center(upper dead center)下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center) 上止点前budc(before upper dead center)上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center)缸径cylinder bore缸径与行程bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume压缩室compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量engine displacement活塞排量piston swept volume气缸容量cylinder capacity单室容量single-chamber capacity容积法volumetry压缩比compression ratio临界压缩比critical compression ratio膨胀比expansion ratio面容比surface to volume ratio行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio混合比mixture ratio压缩压力compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep)空燃比air fuel ratio燃空比fuel air ratio燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩torque per liter升质量mass per liter减额功率derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力gross horse power总功率gross power净功率net power燃油消耗量fuel consumption比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption空气消耗率air consumption机油消耗量oil consumption有效马力net horse power额定马力rated horse power马力重量系数horsepower-weight factor制动功率brake horse power制动热效率brake thermal efficiency总效率overall efficiency排烟极限功率smoke limiting horsepower功率曲线power curve机械损失mechanical loss机械效率mechanical efficiency有效热效率effective thermal efficiency充气系数volumetric efficiency过量空气系数coefficient of excess air适应性系数adaptive coefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficient of torque adaptibility 转速适应性系数speed adaptive coefficient强化系数coefficient of intensification校正系数correction factor换算系数conversion factor活塞平均速度mean piston speed发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency)怠速转速idling speed经济转速economic speed起动转速starting speed最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load 最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed 调速speed governing超速overspeed怠速tidling转速波动率speed fluctuation rate工况working condition(operating mode)额定工况declared working condition变工况variable working condition稳定工况steady working condition.空载no-load全负荷full load超负荷overload部分负荷part load充量（进气）charge旋转方向direction of rotation顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-clockwise左转left-hand rotation右转right-hand rotation外径major diameter中径pitch diameter内径minor diameter径向间隙radial clearance发动机性能engine performance加载性能loading performance起动性能starting performance加速性能acceleration performance动力性能power performance排放性能pemission performance空转特性no load characteristics负荷特性part throttle characteristics调速特性governor control characteristics万有特性mapping characteristics稳定调速率steady state speed governing rate 气缸体和气缸盖cylinder block and head气缸体cylinder block整体铸造cast inblock (cast enblock)发动机罩engine bonnet气缸体加强筋engine block stiffening rib 气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体stator缸径cylinder bore气缸体机架cylinder block frame气缸盖cylinder head配气机构箱valve mechanism casing气缸体隔片cylinder spacer气缸盖密封环cylinder head ring gasket 气缸盖垫片cylinder head gasket气缸套cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve) 干式缸套dry cylinder liner湿式缸套wet cylinder liner气缸水套water jacket膨胀塞expansion plug防冻塞freeze plug气缸壁cylinder wall环脊ring ridge排气口exhaust port中间隔板intermediate bottum导板guideway创成半径（转子机）generating radius缸体宽度（转子机）operating width机柱column燃烧室combustion chamber主燃烧室main combustion chamber副燃烧室subsidiary combustion chamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室swirl combustion chamber分开式燃烧室divided combustion chamber涡流式燃烧室turbulence combustion chamber半球形燃烧室hemispherical combustion chamber浴盆形燃烧室bathtub section combustion chamberL形燃烧室L-combustion chamber楔形燃烧室wedge-section combustion chamber开式燃烧室open combustion chamber封闭喷射室closed spray chamber活塞顶内燃烧室piston chamber爆发室explosion chamber燃烧室容积比volume ratio of combustion cahmber燃烧室口径比surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber 通道面积比area ratio of combustion chamber passage曲轴箱通气口crankcase breather凸轮轴轴承座camshaft bearing bush seat定时齿轮室罩camshaft drive(gear)cover曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcase door曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion proof door主轴承盖main bearing cap气缸盖罩valve mechanism cover飞轮壳flywheel cover扫气储器scavenging air receiver活塞piston裙部开槽活塞split skirt pistonU形槽活塞U-slot piston滚花修复活塞knurled piston圆顶活塞dome head piston平顶活塞flat head piston凸顶活塞crown head piston(convex head piston)凹顶活塞concave head piston阶梯顶活塞step-head piston筒形活塞trunk piston椭圆形活塞oval piston抗热变形活塞autothermic piston不变间隙活塞constant clearance piston镶因瓦钢片活塞) invar strut piston直接冷却式活塞direct-cooled piston 间接冷却式活塞indirect cooled piston 滑裙活塞slipper piston活塞速度piston speed活塞顶部piston head活塞裙部piston skirt整体活塞裙solid skirt活塞裙扩大衬簧piston skirt expander 滑履式活塞裙slipper skirt隔热槽heat dam活塞标记piston mark活塞销piston pin活塞销孔piston pin boss活塞销衬套piston pin bushing全浮式活塞销full-floating piston pin 半浮式活塞销semifloating piston pin 固定螺钉式活塞销set screw piston pin 活塞环piston ring组合式活塞环compound piston ring 同心活塞环concentric piston ring偏心活塞环eccentric piston ring自由环free ring闭合环closed ring梯形环keystone ring半梯形环half keystone ring矩形环rectangular ring油环oil control ring开槽油环slotted oil control ring螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环coil spring loaded slotted oil control rin g涨环expander双坡口油环double bevelled oil control ring内上坡口internal bevel top内下坡口internal bevel bottom边缘坡口油环bevelled-ege oil control ring刮油环scrapper ring钩形环napier ring镀铬活塞环chrome plated piston ring活塞衬环piston ring expander活塞环槽piston ring groove活塞环区ring zone活塞环岸piston ring land活塞环内表面back of ring曲柄连杆机构connecting rod中心曲柄连杆机构central-located connecting rod 偏心曲柄连杆机构offset connecting rod铰接曲柄边杆机构hinged connecting rod 连杆connecting rod连杆小头connecting rod small end连杆大头connnecting rod big end连杆杆身connecting rod shank副连杆slave connecting rod叉形连杆fork-and-blade connecting rod主连杆main connecting rod方形连杆boxed rod绞链式连杆hinged type connecting rod活节式连杆articulated connecting rod连杆盖connecting rod cap连杆轴承connecting rod bearing曲轴crankshaft整体式曲轴one-piece crankshaft组合式曲轴assembled crankshaft右侧曲轴right-hand crankshaft左侧曲轴left-hand crankshaft改变行程的曲轴stroked crankshaft曲轴主轴颈crankshaft main journal轴颈重叠度shaft journal overlap圆角fillet主轴承main bearing曲轴止推轴承crankshaft thrust bearing. 薄臂轴瓦thin wall bearing shell曲轴油道crankshaft oil passage曲柄crank曲柄臂crank arm曲柄销crank pin轴套bush曲柄转角crank angle曲柄半径crank radius抛油圈oil slander角度轮degree wheel动平衡机dynamic balancer平衡重balancer weigh扭振减振器torshional vibration damper 扭振平衡器torsion balancer谐振平衡器harmonic balancer振动平衡器vibration balancer转子轴颈rotor journal偏心轴eccentric shaft曲轴箱crankcase闭式曲轴箱通风装置closed-crankcase ventilating system 飞轮flywheel飞轮齿圈flywheel ring gear飞轮芯棒cantilever飞轮芯轴flywheel spindle飞轮的惯量矩flywheel moment of inertia飞轮标记flywheel mark当量系统equivalent system当量轴长equivalent shaft length一级往复惯性力reciprocating inertia force,1st order二级往复贯性力reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order 离心惯性力centrifugal inertia force配气机构valve gear凸轮轴camshaft凸轮cam整体式凸轮轴one-piece camshaft组合式凸轮轴assembled camshaft凸轮轴驱动机构camshaft drive赛车用凸轮轴race camshaft凸轮轴轴颈camshaft bearing journal 凸轮轴轴承camshaft bearing凸轮轴偏心轮camshaft eccentric凸轮轴链轮camshaft sprocket凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing gear 凸轮轴齿轮camshaft gear wheel进口凸轮inlet cam排气凸轮outlet cam。
交通运输专业英语翻译
Lesson1 to lesson3Engine发动机发动机充当动力装置。
内燃机是最常见的：它通过在发动机汽缸里面燃烧一种液体燃料获得动力。
有2种形式的发动机：汽油机〔也叫做火花点燃式发动机〕和柴油机〔也叫做压燃式发动机〕两种发动机均被称为热机，有燃烧的燃油产生热，引起气缸内气体的压力升高，并输出动力使连接到传动系的轴旋转。
Suspension悬架车桥和车轮通过悬架系统与底盘隔开。
悬架系统的根本作用是吸收由不规那么路面引起的振动，从而有助于把车辆保持在一个受控的水平方向上，否那么振动将传至车辆和车辆上的乘员。
Steering转向系通过司机控制方向盘，转向系统为前轮转向提供手段。
转向系统为减少转动方向盘所需的力以及让车辆更易操纵提供了强力的帮助支持。
Brakes制动系汽车上的制动系统有三个主要的功能。
它必须能让车辆在必要时减速；它必须能让车辆在尽可能短的一段距离内停下；它必须能让车辆保持怠速。
由于制动器迫使固定外表〔制动衬片〕接触旋转外表〔鼓式或盘式〕产生的摩擦力来完成刹车动作。
每个车轮具有一个鼓式或盘式制动总成，当驾驶员踩脚制动踏板时，靠液力产生制动principle of operation 工作原理这个发动机的四个行程见图2.2。
在吸气行程开始时，进气阀翻开活塞在汽缸中从上止点运动到下止点。
通过活塞运动产生的局部真空，导致空气燃油混合物通过进气歧管进入汽缸。
化油器提供正确比例的空气燃油混合物。
当活塞运动到行程终点时进气阀关闭，因为两个阀都关闭着，所以使得汽缸上端密封。
在图2.2b中，活塞正向上运动，压缩汽缸和活塞之间的燃油混合物至一个很小的体积，--这就是压缩行程。
在到达上止点前，由火花塞电极产生的一个电火花，点燃了空气燃油混合物。
为了得到良好的性能，点火时刻必须精确控制。
随着空气燃油混合物燃烧，热空气膨胀气缸压力急剧上升，以致活塞被迫向汽缸下方运动。
使连杆对曲轴作用一个相当大的回转力。
这就是燃烧行程，也叫做做功行程，见图2.2c。
科技英语专业术语
《科技英语教程》专业术语Unit 1 Reading A1、steam-powered car；steam car 【P1】蒸汽（动力）汽车2、steam engine【P2】蒸汽（发动）机3、internal combustion engine (ICE) 【P2】内燃机external combustion engine (ECE) 外燃机4、transmission 【P3】n.〔汽车的〕传动装置，变速器AT=automatic transmission 自动变速器MT=manual transmission手动变速器5、clutch /klʌtʃ/ 【P3】[C]〔车辆的〕离合器（踏板）6、gear /ɡɪə/ 【P3】[C,U] （汽车等的）排挡，挡位7、stroke /strəʊk/ 【P3】n.往复运动，冲程8、reverse /rɪ'vɜːs/ 【P4】[U] 倒车挡9、brake /breɪk/ 【P4】[often plural,常用复数] [C ] 刹车，制动器，车闸10、boiler【P5】n.〔蒸汽机内或室内供暖的〕锅炉11、tank /tæŋk/ 【P5】n. [C ]〔储存液体或气体的〕箱，罐12、condenser【P5】 [C] 冷凝器13、steamer 【P5】蒸锅；汽轮（船）14、owner’s manual /'mænjuəl/ [P6 ] 用户手册15、starting【P7】(引擎、汽车、机器等)；(引擎、汽车或机器等) 发动16、hand-operated crank 【P7】手动曲柄17、backfire 【P7】vi.〔汽车引擎〕逆火，回火18、electric starter 【P7】电动马达，电动发动机19、hood fittings 【P12】引擎盖配件，发动机罩配件20、feedwater pump 【P12】给水泵21、fossil fuel【P15】化石燃料〔如煤、石油等〕22、carbon monoxide【P15】一氧化碳23、nitrogen oxide【P15】氧化氮24、throttle/'θrɒt(ə)l/ 【P15】〔控制汽车发动机油量的〕节流阀，油门25、heat resistant coating 【P17】耐高温涂层26、diesel /'diːz(ə)l/ n. 柴油；柴油车；柴油船petroleum /pə'trəʊlɪəm/ [U ]石油gasoline /'gæsəliːn/ [U ]汽油27、steam power【P21】蒸汽动力Unit 3 Reading A1、artificial heart【P1】人造心脏2、miniaturized space technology 【P1】微型太空技术3、heart disease【P1】心脏病4、organ transplant【P1】器官移植5、cardiovascular medicine【P1】心血管内科；心血管医学6、cardiac surgeon 【P2】心脏外科医生7、prosthetic heart【P2】假体心脏8、biological tissue【P3】生物组织9、materials science【P3】[材] 材料科学；材料学10、design methodology【P3】设计方法学11、telecom satellite【P3】通讯卫星12、quality threshold【P4】质量阈值，质量标准13、space electronics 【P4】空间电子学14、advanced modeling【P4】高级建模15、digital simulation【P4】[计]数字模拟； [化]数字仿真16、test bench【P4】试验台；[试验] 测试台17、human implant【P5】人体植入18、tiny electronics【P6】微电子设备；微电子学19、onboard computer【P6】机载计算机；船用计算机20、sensor 【P6】 [C ]〔探测光、热、活动等的〕传感器21、solar wing【P6】太阳翼（太空站的太阳能电池板）22、high-tech sensor【P7】高科技传感器23、brushless motor【P7】无刷电动机，无刷马达24、blood pressure 【P7】血压25、synthetic materials 【P8】合成材料，人造材料，合成物26、blood clots【P8】血栓；血液凝块27、stroke [C ] 【P8】中风，卒中，脑卒中28、pericardium /,perɪ'kɑːdɪəm/ n. 【P8】[解剖] 心包；心包膜[pl ] pericardia29、immune response【P8】免疫反应30、pumping system of motors【P8】电动机泵送系统31、hydraulic fluids【P8】液压机液体32、clinical trial【P10】临床试验33、NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration美国航空航天局Reading 1 Unit 51、the Fountain of Youth【P1】不老泉2、anti-aging drugs【P1】抗衰老药物3、elixir /ɪ'lɪksə/ [C] 【P1】literary a magical liquid that is supposed to cure people of illness,make them younger etc 灵丹妙药；不老药4、alchemist /'ælkɪmɪst/ 【P1】n. An alchemist was a scientist in the Middle Ages who tried todiscover how to change ordinary metals into gold. 炼金术士5、longevity clinic【P1】长寿诊所6、marketed intervention【P2】[贸易] 市场干预7、building blocks【P3】建筑模块；生命控制中心8、DNA 【P3】abbr. 脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid） /di:'ɔksi,raibəu'nju:kli:ik/9、carbonhydrate/ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/ n. 【P3】碳水化合物；碳化过程10、Alzheimer n /'ælz'ɛmɚ/ 【P4】老年痴呆症（等于Alzheimer’s disease）11、sanitation system【P5】卫生系统12、parasitic disease【P5】寄生虫引起的疾病13、vaccine /væk'sin/ [C,U ] 【P5】a substance which contains a weak form of the bacteria or virus that causes a disease and is used to protect people from that disease 疫苗14、antibiotics/,æntɪbaɪ'ɒtɪks/【P5】 [C usually plural 一般用复数]a drug that is used tokill bacteria and cure infections抗生素，抗菌素15、physiological decline【P6】生理衰竭16、built-in plan【P6】内置计划17、blueprint /'bluːprɪnt/ [C] 【P6】a plan for achieving something计划，设想，蓝图18、caloric intake【P10】热量摄入19、stem cell 【P11】a special type of cell in the body, that can divide in order to form other typesof cells that have particular qualities or purposes 干细胞Reading A unit 81、GPS=Global Positioning System): 全球（卫星）定位系统2、GPS receiver 【P2】GPS接收器3、handy guide【P3】实用指南4、technical ingenuity【P3】技术创新5、earth-orbiting satellite 【P4】地球轨道卫星6、military navigation system 【P4】军事导航系统7、solar-powered satellite【P5】太阳能卫星8、complete rotation【P5】周转9、trilateration /,trailætə'reiʃən/ n. 【P5】[测] 三边测量（术）10、three-dimensional space 【P5】三维空间11、radius /'reɪdɪəs/ [pl ] : radii /'reɪdɪaɪ/ 【P7】（1）the distance from the centre to the edge of acircle, or a line drawn from the centre to the edge〔圆的〕半径（长度）（2）an area that coversa particular distance in all directions from a central point半径范围；周围12、altitude /'æltɪtjuːd/ [C] 【P12】（the height of an object or place above the sea海拔（高度）13、high-frequency, low-power radio signal【P14】（高频率、低功率无线电信号14、radio wave 【P15】无线电波；射频信号15、electromagnetic energy【P15】[电磁] 电磁能 /ɪ,lektrə(ʊ)mæg'netɪk/16、digital pattern 【P16】数字模式17、pseudo-random code【P17】伪随机码18、synchronized clocks【P19】同步时钟19、satellite positioning system【P19】卫星定位系统29、atomic clock 【P19】原子钟/ə'tɒmɪk/30、quartz clock【P20】石英钟/kwɔːts/31、the pull of the moon【P23】月球引力Reading A Unit 101、biotech food 【P5】转基因食品2、genetically modified food 【P1】转基因食品3、maize n【P2】玉米；黄色，玉米色4、processed foods 【P2】加工食品5、rapeseed oil【P2】菜子油6、high-fructose [ˈfrʌkˌtoʊs] 【P2】n. [有化] 高果糖7、syrup ['sɪrəp] n. 【P2】糖浆，果汁8、canola oil【P2】菜籽油9、USDA【P3】美国农业部（United States Department of Agriculture）10、genetically engineered food【P4】转基因食品11、multinational company 【P4】跨国公司12、resistance to herbicide【P5】除草剂抗性13、allergen ['ælɚdʒən] n. 【P5】[医] 过敏原14、toxin ['tɑksɪn] n. 【P5】毒素；毒质15、antibiotic resistance【P5】[微] 抗生素抗性16、nutrient content【P5】营养成分17、drought tolerance【P5】[农学][植] 抗旱性18、FDA【P7】（美）食药监（Food and Drug Administration）19、EPA【P7】（美）环保署（Environmental Protection Agency）20、Monsanto Corporation 【P7】（美国）孟山都公司21、litmus test 【P9】[化学] 石蕊色素测试22、one-gene addition【P12】单基因添加物23、protein【P12】蛋白质24、genetic engineering【P13】基因工程; 基因工程学25、domino effect 【P15】多米诺骨牌效应Reading A Unit 121、light pollution【P1】光污染2、the Milky Way 【P1】银河3、BBC=British Broadcast Company 【P3】英国广播公司4、birds migration【P5】鸟类迁徙5、nocturnal animals 【P5】夜行动物6、breast cancer 【P5】乳腺癌7、intelligent lighting system 【P7】智能照明系统8、wireless technology 【P8】无线技术9、central management system【P8】中央管理系统10、semiconductor 【P9】半导体11、mammal 【P12】哺乳动物12、global warming 【P21】全球变暖Topics of each unit：1、What are the advantages and disadvantages of steam cars and cars with internal combustionsengines? Do you think steam cars will reappear in the near future? Why or why not?2、How can advanced space technology benefit our lives on earth in a concrete way?3、What might be a reasonable and practical anti-aging life style?4、What are the civil applications of GPS?5、What are the risks and benefits of GM foods? Do you prefer GM foods or organic foods andwhy?6、What are the possible solutions to light pollution?。
内燃机专业英语作文范文
内燃机专业英语作文范文Internal Combustion Engine。
As one of the most important inventions in the history of engineering, the internal combustion engine has revolutionized the way we live and work. It is a type of heat engine that uses fuel to generate power by burning the fuel inside the engine. This process produces high-pressure gases that are used to drive a piston or a turbine, whichin turn drives a shaft or a propeller.Internal combustion engines are used in a wide range of applications, from cars and trucks to airplanes and ships. They are also used in power generation, agriculture, and construction. The most common types of internal combustion engines are gasoline engines, diesel engines, and gas turbines.Gasoline engines are used in cars, motorcycles, and small power equipment. They use a spark plug to ignite amixture of gasoline and air inside the engine. The explosion generated by the combustion of the fuel pushes the piston down, which drives the crankshaft and produces power.Diesel engines are used in larger vehicles, such as trucks, buses, and ships. They use compression to ignite the fuel, rather than a spark plug. The fuel is injected into the engine at high pressure, and the heat generated by the compression of the air causes the fuel to ignite. This process produces more power than a gasoline engine and is more efficient.Gas turbines are used in aircraft and power generation. They use a turbine to extract energy from the high-pressure gases produced by the combustion of fuel. The turbine is connected to a generator, which produces electricity.Internal combustion engines have revolutionized the way we live and work. They have made transportation more efficient and have enabled us to generate power in a wide range of applications. However, they also have somedisadvantages, such as pollution and noise. As we continue to develop new technologies, we must find ways to make internal combustion engines more efficient and environmentally friendly.。
内燃机专业英语一
在该部分内容中主要讲述内燃机、汽油发动机、柴油发动机等的相关知识。
包括：1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics，发动机的分类和总体结构；2. Four-stage-engine Operation，四行程发动机工作过程；3. Two-stage-engine Operation，二行程发动机工作过程；4. Diesel Engine Operating Features，柴油发动机工作特点；5. Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase，发动机气缸体曲轴箱；6. Piston Connecting Rod，活塞连杆；7.Crankshaft Flywheel，曲轴飞轮；8.Valves and Vales Train，气门与气门传动组；9. Engine Fuel System，发动机燃油系统；10. Engine Lubricating System，发动机润滑系统；11. Engine Cooling System，发动机冷却系统；12. Engine Ignition System，发动机点火系统；13. Engine Starting System，发动机起动系统；14. Locomotives，机车；15. Diesel Traction，内燃牵引。
二、教学时数：共占用18学时。
1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics（1学时）发动机的分类和总体结构2. Four-stage-engine Operation（1学时）四行程发动机工作过程3. Two-stage-engine Operation（1学时）二行程发动机工作过程4. Diesel Engine Operating Features（1学时）柴油发动机工作特点5. Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase（1学时）发动机气缸体曲轴箱6. Piston Connecting Rod（1学时）活塞连杆7. Crankshaft Flywheel（1学时）曲轴飞轮8.Valves and Vales Train（1学时）气门与气门传动组9. Engine Fuel System（1学时）发动机燃油系统10.Engine Lubricating System（1学时）发动机润滑系统11. Engine Cooling System（1学时）发动机冷却系统12.Engine Ignition System（1学时）发动机点火系统13.Engine Starting System（1学时）发动机起动系统14. Locomotives（2学时）机车15. Diesel Traction（3学时）内燃牵引三、教学难点与重点：重点内容有：1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics，发动机的分类和总体结构；2. Four-stage-engine Operation，四行程发动机工作过程；4. Diesel Engine Operating Features，柴油发动机工作特点；5. Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase，发动机气缸体曲轴箱；7.Crankshaft Flywheel，曲轴飞轮；8.Valves and Vales Train，气门与气门传动组；9. Engine Fuel System，发动机燃油系统；10. Engine Lubricating System，发动机润滑系统；11. Engine Cooling System，发动机冷却系统；13. Engine Starting System，发动机起动系统；14. Locomotives，机车；15. Diesel Traction，内燃牵引。
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在该部分内容中主要讲述内燃机、汽油发动机、柴油发动机等的相关知识。
包括：1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics，发动机的分类和总体结构；2. Four-stage-engine Operation，四行程发动机工作过程；3. Two-stage-engine Operation，二行程发动机工作过程；4. Diesel Engine Operating Features，柴油发动机工作特点；5. Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase，发动机气缸体曲轴箱；6. Piston Connecting Rod，活塞连杆；7.Crankshaft Flywheel，曲轴飞轮；8.Valves and Vales Train，气门与气门传动组；9. Engine Fuel System，发动机燃油系统；10. Engine Lubricating System，发动机润滑系统；11. Engine Cooling System，发动机冷却系统；12. Engine Ignition System，发动机点火系统；13. Engine Starting System，发动机起动系统；14. Locomotives，机车；15. Diesel Traction，内燃牵引。
二、教学时数：共占用18学时。
1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics（1学时）发动机的分类和总体结构2. Four-stage-engine Operation（1学时）四行程发动机工作过程3. Two-stage-engine Operation（1学时）二行程发动机工作过程4. Diesel Engine Operating Features（1学时）柴油发动机工作特点5. Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase（1学时）发动机气缸体曲轴箱6. Piston Connecting Rod（1学时）活塞连杆7. Crankshaft Flywheel（1学时）曲轴飞轮8.Valves and Vales Train（1学时）气门与气门传动组9. Engine Fuel System（1学时）发动机燃油系统10.Engine Lubricating System（1学时）发动机润滑系统11. Engine Cooling System（1学时）发动机冷却系统12.Engine Ignition System（1学时）发动机点火系统13.Engine Starting System（1学时）发动机起动系统14. Locomotives（2学时）机车15. Diesel Traction（3学时）内燃牵引三、教学难点与重点：重点内容有：1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics，发动机的分类和总体结构；2. Four-stage-engine Operation，四行程发动机工作过程；4. Diesel Engine Operating Features，柴油发动机工作特点；5. Engine Cylinder Block Crankcase，发动机气缸体曲轴箱；7.Crankshaft Flywheel，曲轴飞轮；8.Valves and Vales Train，气门与气门传动组；9. Engine Fuel System，发动机燃油系统；10. Engine Lubricating System，发动机润滑系统；11. Engine Cooling System，发动机冷却系统；13. Engine Starting System，发动机起动系统；14. Locomotives，机车；15. Diesel Traction，内燃牵引。
四、作业三篇翻译1. Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics发动机的分类和总体结构The automobile engines can be classified according to: 1. number of cylinders; 2. arrangement of cylinders; 3. arrangement of valves; 4. type of cooling; 5. number of cycles (two or four); 6. type of fuel burned; 7. type of ignition.汽车发动机可以按以下几种情况分类：1．按气缸的数量分类；2．按气缸排列的力式分类；3．按进气方式分类；4．按冷却方式分类；5．按工作循环的行程数分类（二行程或四行程）6．按所用的燃料分类；7．按点火方式分类。
The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels go around and the car move. The automobile engine is an internal-combustion engine because the fuel (gasoline) is burned inside it. The burning of gasoline inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion chamber. This high pressure forces piston to move, the movement is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft. The crankshaft is thus made to rotate; the rotary motion is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they rotate and the moves.发动机是使车轮转动、从而驱动汽车行驶的动力来源。
汽车发动机是一种内燃机，因为燃油（汽油）是在发动机内燃烧的。
汽油的燃烧在发动机燃烧室中产生的高压力，推动活塞运动，并通过连杆传到发动机曲轴。
曲轴转动，动力传动系统将发动机的转动运动传给汽车车轮，从而使车轮及整车转动起来。
The engine requires a fuel system to supply it with a mixture of air and fuel. The fuel system does this by pumping liquid gasoline from a tank into the carburetor, a mixing device that mixes the gasoline with air. The mixture is delivered to the engine where it is burned.发动机要求燃料供给系统为之供应汽油混合燃料。
燃料系统把汽油从油箱中抽出来，通过化油器--一种把汽油空气进行混合的装置--将可燃混合气输送到发动机，并在那里进行燃烧。
The engine also needs a cooling system, the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the engine creates a very high temperature (as high as 2000 to 2700 ℃). The coolingsystem takes heat away from the engine by circulating a liquid coolant (water mixed with antifreeze) between the engine and a radiator. The coolant gets hot as it goes through the engine. It cools off as it goes through the radiator. Thus, the coolant continually takes heat away from the engine, where it could do damage, and delivers it to the radiator. Air passing through the radiator takes heat away from the radiator.发动机还配备有冷却系统，发动机内部的混合气燃烧会产生高温（高达2，000-2，700℃）。
冷却系统通过在发动机和散热器之间流动的液体冷却液（加了防冻液的水）使发动机降温。
当冷却液流经发动机时，冷却液就会变热。
而流到散热器时又会被冷却，这样使发动机产生的热量不断地被消散掉。
经过散热器的空气，将热量从散热器中带走。
The engine also includes a lubricating system. The purpose of the lubricating system is to supply all moving parts inside the engine with lubricating oil; the oil keeps moving parts from wearing excessively.发动机还包括润滑系统，润滑系统的作用是向发动机内的各个运动零件提供润滑油。
润滑油可是运动零件免于过度磨损。
The engine requires a fourth system, the ignition system. The ignition system provides high-voltage electric sparks that ignite, or set fire to, the charges of air-fuel mixture in the engine combustion chambers.发动机的第四个系统是点火系统。
点火装置产生高压电火花，从而使发动机燃烧室中的可燃混合气起燃。
The fifth is starting system and its purpose is to change the electrical current into the mechanical energy to push the crank-shaft around. By means of this, the engine can be started.发动机的第五个系统是起动系统，起动系统的作用是把电能转变为机械能推动曲轴转动。