latex 数学公式编辑

C H A P T E R
8
Higher Mathematics
A Basic L TEX offers a high level of mathematical typesetting capabilities. However, when complex equations or other mathematical constructs have to be input repeatedly, it is up to you to define new commands or environments to ease the burden of typing. The American Mathematical Society (AMS), recognizing that fact, has sponsored the development of extensions to TEX, known as AMS-TEX. They make the preparation of mathematical compuscripts less time-consuming and the copy more consistent. A Recently these extensions were ported to L TEX in the form of a set of A packages known as “AMS-L TEX” [?]. As some parts of AMS-TEX had to do A with mathematics fonts the corresponding L TEX packages went into a separate A distribution called “AMSFonts”, rather than into AMS-L TEX.
1
Chapter 8 of "The LaTeX Companion", updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright © 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 8 of "The LaTeX Companion", updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright © 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved.
Байду номын сангаас 224
Higher Mathematics
A it have the laborsaving abilities of L TEX for preparing indexes, bibliographies, tables, or simple diagrams. These features are such a convenience for authors A that the use of L TEX spread rapidly in the mid-1980s (a reasonably mature A version of L TEX was available by the end of 1983), and the American Mathematical Society began to be asked by its authors to accept electronic submissions A in L TEX. A Thus, the AMS-L TEX project came into being in 1987 and three years later A AMS-L TEX version 1.0 was released. The conversion of AMS-TEX’s matheA matical capabilities to L TEX, and the integration with the NFSS, were done by Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Sch¨ opf, working as consultants to the AMS, with assistance from Michael Downes of the AMS technical support staff. A The most often used packages are amsmath (from AMS-L TEX) and amssymb (from the AMSFonts distribution). To invoke them in a document you write, e.g., \usepackage{amsmath} in the usual way. Installation and usage documentation is included with the packages. For amssymb the principal piece of documentation is the AMSFonts User’s Guide (amsfndoc.tex); for amsmath it is the AMSA L TE X User’s Guide (amsldoc.tex).1
The AMS distribution also contains a file diff12.tex which describes differences between A version 1.1 and 1.2 of AMS-L TEX. Note in particular that in versions 1.0 and 1.1 of AMSA A TEX, which predated L TEX 2ε , the amsmath package was named “amstex” and included some L of the font-related features that are now separated in the amssymb and amsfonts packages. 2 A Note that the Companion uses Lucida math fonts which contain the standard L TEX and AMS symbols but with different shapes compared to the Computer Modern math fonts.
8.1
A The AMS-L TEX Project
AMS-TEX was originally released for general use in 1982. Its main strength is that it facilitates mathematical typesetting, while producing output that satisfies the high standards of mathematical publishing. It provides a predefined set of natural commands such as \matrix and \text that make complicated mathematics reasonably convenient to type. These commands incorporate the typesetting experience and standards of the American Mathematical Society, to handle problematic possibilities, such as matrices within matrices or a word of text within a subscript, without burdening the user. A AMS-TEX lacks certain useful L TEX features such as automatic numbering that adjusts to addition or deletion of material being the primary one. Nor does
8.2
8.2.1
(L 42–47) (L 44)
u < v or a ∈ A
Fonts and Symbols in Formulae
Mathematical Symbols
Tables 8.2 on the next page to 8.11 on page 227 review the mathematical symbols A A available in standard L TEX. You can put a slash through a L TEX symbol by preceding it with the \not command, for instance.
Chapter 8 of "The LaTeX Companion", updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright © 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 8 of "The LaTeX Companion", updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright © 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved.
$u \not< v$ or $a \not\in \mathbf{A}$
Tables 8.12 on page 227 to 8.19 on page 229 show the extra math symbols of the AMS-Fonts, which are automatically available when you specify the amssymb package.2 However, if you want to define only some of them (perhaps because your TEX installation has insufficient memory to define all the symbol names), you can use the amsfonts package and the \DeclareMathSymbol command, which is explained in section 7.7.6.
A This is an updated version of chapter 8 of the L TE X A Companion reflecting changes in the AMS-L TEX distribution that made parts of this chapter obsolete. It is based in structure and content on the original documentation in the Companion with obsolete parts corrected but otherwise unchanged and should not be considered as part of a general revision of this book.