国际市场营销答案

合集下载

国际市场营销试题及答案

国际市场营销试题及答案### 国际市场营销试题及答案#### 一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际市场营销中，以下哪项不是市场细分的依据？A. 地理位置B. 人口统计C. 心理特征D. 产品价格2. 在国际市场中，企业进行市场调研的主要目的是什么？A. 降低成本B. 了解消费者需求C. 提高生产效率D. 增加产品种类3. 以下哪个不是国际市场营销策略的一部分？A. 产品策略B. 价格策略C. 渠道策略D. 质量控制4. 跨国公司在进入一个新的国际市场时，通常采用哪种市场进入模式？A. 直接出口B. 合资企业C. 完全收购D. 所有选项都是5. 国际市场营销中的“4P”营销组合不包括以下哪一项？A. 产品（Product）B. 价格（Price）C. 地点（Place）D. 人员（Personnel）6. 以下哪个因素不属于国际市场营销中的文化因素？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 法律D. 价值观7. 在国际市场营销中，以下哪个不是消费者行为的影响因素？A. 个人因素B. 心理因素C. 社会文化因素D. 产品成本8. 国际品牌在不同国家市场中的定位策略通常是什么？A. 统一定位B. 根据当地文化调整定位C. 根据价格调整定位D. 根据产品功能调整定位9. 在国际市场中，以下哪个不是企业进行市场细分的目的？A. 更好地满足消费者需求B. 提高市场竞争力C. 降低市场风险D. 增加产品线10. 国际市场营销中，以下哪个不是市场调研的方法？A. 调查问卷B. 观察法C. 实验法D. 经验判断#### 二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际市场营销与国内市场营销的主要区别。

2. 描述国际市场营销中文化适应策略的重要性。

3. 解释国际市场营销中产品生命周期的概念及其对企业策略的影响。

#### 三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一家国际手机制造商的市场经理，你计划进入一个新的亚洲市场。

国际市场营销学习题及答案

精心整理一、单项选择题（本大题共 15小题，每小题 1 分，共 15分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

1.跨国营销是国际营销的发展阶段之一，一般认为该阶段始于（ ?）A.20 世纪 50 年代B.20 世纪 60年代C.20世纪 70年代D.20 世纪80年代2.服务可分为要素性和非要素性两类，下列各项中属于要素性服务的是（?）A. 运输B.保险C.劳动力D.咨询3.政府在经济发展中扮演的角色是（ ?）A. 参与者与管理者B.参与者与决策者C.参与者、管理者、决策者D.管理者与决策者4.企业为了明确市场机会或为了明确某一问题的性质、情况和原因等而进行的研究属于（ ?）A. 探索性研究B.描述性研究C.因果性研究D.预测性研究5.在选择目标市场的策略中，不追求在整体市场上占据最大市场份额的精心整理策略为（?）A. 无差异性营销策略B.差异性营销策略C.集中性营销策略D.分散性营销策略6.在产品生命周期各阶段中，企业需要侧重于加强成本和质量控制，增强、维护产品和商标信誉的阶段是（ ?）A. 投入期B.成长期C.成熟期D.衰退期7.在波士顿矩阵分析法中，销量增长快、市场占有率低的产品称为（?）A. 金牛产品B.明星产品C.问题产品D.瘦狗产品8.企业在选择服务水平时，除了服务水平的适应性外，还要考虑的一个因素是服务水平的（ ?）A. 经济性B.选择性C.独创性D.竞争性9.在国际市场进入模式中，以 "新产品-新需求-国际市场 "为基本格局的是（ ?）A. 市场渗透型模式B.产品开发型模式C.市场开发型模式D.多种经营型模式10.按国际上的通常定义，下列项目中不属于服务产品的是（?）A. 保险B.运输C.旅游D.技术专利11.在商品价格构成要素中，最基本、最主要的因素是（ ?）A. 价值B.成本C.利润D.边际效用12.收购和创建是跨国公司对外投资的两种方式，与收购相比，创建这种方式的优点是（ ?）A. 有利于迅速进入市场B.有利于扩大经营范围C.有利于管理D.失败率低13.企业的定价目标的基本类型有（ ?）A. 利润目标、竞争目标、发展目标B.利润目标、市场目标、竞争目标C.利润目标、市场目标、发展目标D.利润目标、市场目标、发展目标14.国际促销的实质是信息沟通的过程，在这个过程中，接收和理解信息的环节是（?）A. 编码B.信息渠道C.解码D.反馈15.国内出口中间商类型很多、特点各异，其中不拥有产品所有权的出口中间商是（?）A. 国际贸易公司B.出口直运批发商C.出口经营商D.国外设在本国的常驻采购商精心整理二、多项选择题（本大题共 10小题，每小题 2 分，共 20分）在每小题列出的五个选项中有二至五个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

国际市场营销学试题及答案

国际市场营销学试题及答案一、选择题1. 国际市场营销的核心理念是什么？A. 产品导向B. 顾客导向C. 竞争导向D. 价格导向答案：B2. 下列哪个不是国际市场细分的依据？A. 地理位置B. 人口统计C. 心理特征D. 产品类型答案：D3. 跨国市场进入策略中，哪一项通常风险最低？A. 出口ingB. 特许经营C. 合资企业D. 全资子公司答案：A4. 在国际市场营销中，文化差异可能导致什么问题？A. 产品设计障碍B. 广告传播障碍C. 价格策略障碍D. 所有以上问题答案：D5. 国际市场营销中的PEST分析是指什么？A. 政治、经济、社会、技术B. 产品、企业、销售、交易C. 人口、环境、战略、技术D. 公共关系、教育、战略、技术答案：A二、填空题1. ________ 是指企业将其产品或服务直接销售给国外市场的最终用户。

2. ________ 是一种国际市场进入策略，企业通过与外国公司合作，共同投资并分享所有权、控制权和利润。

3. ________ 是指企业调整其产品、营销组合以适应不同国家市场的需求和偏好。

4. 在进行国际市场调研时，________ 是指对特定国际市场或消费者群体的详尽研究，以了解其特定需求和行为模式。

5. ________ 是指企业在进入国际市场时，面临的来自当地企业或其他国际竞争者的竞争压力。

三、简答题1. 简述国际市场营销与国内市场营销的主要区别。

答：国际市场营销与国内市场营销的主要区别在于市场环境的复杂性和多样性。

国际市场营销需要考虑不同国家的法律、文化、经济和政治环境，以及货币汇率和国际贸易壁垒等因素。

此外，国际市场营销还需要对不同国家的消费者行为和偏好有深入的了解，并相应调整产品、价格、推广和渠道策略。

2. 阐述国际市场细分的作用及其对企业的意义。

答：国际市场细分的作用在于帮助企业更精确地识别和定位目标市场，通过对市场的细致划分，企业可以更有效地分配资源，针对不同细分市场制定差异化的营销策略。

国际市场营销学试题及答案

国际市场营销学试题及答案一、选择题1. 国际市场营销学是一门研究什么的学科？A. 国内市场营销B. 国际市场营销C. 国际贸易D. 国际商务答案：B2. 下列哪一项不是国际市场营销的基本原则？A. 市场导向B. 客户满意C. 产品多样化D. 价格竞争答案：D3. 国际市场营销中，哪个因素不属于宏观环境分析？A. 政治法律环境B. 经济环境C. 社会文化环境D. 竞争对手答案：D4. 以下哪个是国际市场细分的依据？A. 地理位置B. 人口统计C. 心理特征D. 所有上述选项答案：D5. 国际市场营销中的4Ps指的是什么？A. 产品、价格、地点、促销B. 产品、价格、促销、公共关系C. 产品、价格、地点、公共关系D. 产品、价格、地点、人员答案：A二、简答题1. 简述国际市场营销与国内市场营销的主要区别。

答案：国际市场营销与国内市场营销的主要区别在于市场范围、文化差异、法律环境、竞争程度和市场进入策略等方面。

国际市场营销需要考虑跨国的法律、文化、经济和政治因素，而国内市场营销通常只关注本国市场。

2. 描述国际市场调研的重要性及其主要步骤。

答案：国际市场调研对于企业了解目标市场的需求、偏好和竞争状况至关重要。

主要步骤包括确定调研目标、设计调研方案、收集数据、分析数据和报告结果。

三、案例分析题案例：某中国家电制造商计划进入欧洲市场，分析其可能面临的挑战及应对策略。

答案：该制造商可能面临的挑战包括文化差异、品牌认知度低、复杂的法律法规、激烈的市场竞争等。

应对策略可能包括进行市场细分、制定本土化的产品策略、建立品牌知名度、遵守当地法律法规、与当地分销商合作等。

四、论述题论述国际市场营销中的跨文化沟通的重要性及其策略。

答案：跨文化沟通在国际市场营销中至关重要，因为它有助于企业更好地理解不同文化背景下的消费者需求和偏好。

有效的跨文化沟通策略包括尊重当地文化、使用当地语言、了解文化禁忌、采用适当的沟通方式和建立良好的人际关系。

国际市场营销课后答案internationalmarketingplanessayque

国际市场营销课后答案internationalmarketingplanessayqueinternational marketing planDeveloping a Global Vision through Marketing ResearchEssay Questions100. (p. 216) Give the traditional definition for marketing research.Marketing research is traditionally defined as the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data to provide information useful in marketing decision making.101. (p. 216) Discuss the differences between traditional marketing research and international marketing research. Although the research processes and methods are basically the same in traditional marketing research and international marketing research, international marketing research involves two additional plications. First, information must be municated across cultural boundaries. Second, the environments within which the research tools are applied are often different in foreign markets.102. (p. 217) International marketers often collect forms of information not normally collected by domestic marketing researchers. Unisys Corporation gives some guidance as to what forms of information need to be collected in theinternational environment. List and briefly discuss each of the five types of information suggested by the UnisysCorporation model.103. (p. 218 and major section titles for the six) List and briefly characterize the six steps in the research process.The steps are: (a) define the research problem and establish research objectives, (b) determine the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives, (c) consider the costs and benefits of the research effort, (d) gather the relevant data from secondary or primary sources, or both, (e) analyze, interpret, and summarize the results, and (f) effectively municate the results to decision makers. Summaries of the steps can be found in the major sections describing each of the six steps.104. (p. 220-223) There are four major problems with using secondary data in international marketing research. What are these four major problems? Briefly, characterize each problem.The four major problems are: (a) availability of data, (b)reliability of data, (c) parability of data, and (d) validating secondary data. For a brief summary see each of the section titles of the four problem areas.105. (p. 223) As a practical matter, the international marketing researcher should ask four questions to effectively judge the reliability (validating secondary data) of secondary data sources. List those four questions.The four questions are: (a) Who collected the data? Would there be any reason for purposely misrepresenting the facts? (b) For what purposes were the data collected? (c) How were the data collected? (methodology) (d) Are the data internally consistent and logical in light of known data sources or market factors?106. (p. 223-225) Demonstrate the difference between quantitative and qualitative research.In quantitative research, usually a large number of respondents are asked to reply either verbally or in writing to structured questions using a specific response format or to select a response from a set of choices. Questions are designed to obtain specific responses regarding aspects of the respondents' behavior, intentions, attitudes, motives, and demographic international marketing plancharacteristics. In qualitative research, if questions are asked they are almost always open-ended or in-depth, and unstructured responses that reflect the person's thoughts and feelings on the subject are sought.107. (p. 229) Discuss the differences between back translation and parallel translation in international marketing research. In back translation the questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then a second party translates it back into the original. This process pinpoints misinterpretations and misunderstandings before they reach the public. Back translations may not always ensure an accurate translation because of monly used idioms in both languages. Parallel translation is used to e this problem. In this process, more than two translators are used for the back translation; the results are pared, differences discussed, and the most appropriate translation selected.108. (p. 232) It has been suggested that there are at least seven different uses for the Internet in international research.Assume that you are a marketing director for Ty Beanie Babies and are interested in expanding your pany's phenomenal growth into Asia. What are the seven uses suggested in the textand which of the seven would you propose to use to plish your objective?The seven uses are (a) online surveys and buyer panels, (b) online focus groups, (c) Web visitor tracking, (d) advertising measurement, (e) customer identification systems, (f) e-mail marketing lists, and (g) embedded research. The students could make a case for any or all of the above, therefore, the intent of the question is to get the students to first list and then creatively think about options. Discussion of the seven uses may be found on page 232. If the instructor would like to place additional suggestions or parameters on the question, be sure to do so before assigning the question to students.109. (p. 239, Exhibit 8.3) The text suggests four kinds of pany-agency-customer relationships for managing the cultural barrier in international marketing research. Describe or characterize each of these kinds of relationships and designate which one(s) are better suited for managing the cultural barrier across the chain of munication.The four options are: Option A (pany--agency--customers); Option B (pany--agency--local agency--customers); Option C (pany--subsidiary--agency--customers); and, Option D (pany--foreign agency--customers). The text suggests that Options B and C are best for managing the cultural barrier.Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization Essay Questions101. (p. 310-312) Briefly, explain the benefits of global marketing.When large market segments can be identified, economies of scale in production and marketing can be important petitive advantages of global panies. Other benefits include: (a) a transfer of experience and know-how across countries through improved coordination and integration of marketing activities, (b) ensures access to the toughest customers, and (c) diversity of markets served carries with it additional financial benefits.102. (p. 311-313) Demonstrate the differences among corporate, strategic, and tactical planning.Corporate planning is essentially long term, incorporating generalized goals for the enterprise as a whole. Strategic planning is conducted at the highest levels of management and deals with products, capital, and research, and long- and short-term goals of the pany. Tactical planning pertains to specific actions and tothe allocation of resources used to implement strategic planning goals in specific markets. Tactical plans are made at the local level and address marketing and advertising questions.international marketing plan103. (p. 315, Exhibit 11.1) List and briefly characterize the four phases of the international planning process.The four phases are: (a) Phase 1--Preliminary analysis and screening (matching pany/country needs); (b) Phase 2--Adapting the marketing mix to target markets; (c) Phase 3--Developing the marketing plan; and, (d) Phase 4--Implementation and control.104. (p. 319, Exhibit 11.2) A pany has four different modes of foreign market entry from which to select. List and briefly characterize each of these modes.The modes are exporting, contractual agreements, strategic alliances, and direct foreign investment. Brief characterizations may be found on page 319 in Exhibit 11.2. More detailed descriptions of each mode may be found in the associated sections found on pages 318-330.105. (p. 32-322) Describe the two basic contractual agreements that most panies follow in their attempt to enter aforeign market.Contractual agreements generally involve the transfer of technology, processes, trademarks, or human skills. The two basic forms of contractual agreements are licensing and franchising. Licensing is associated with patent rights, trademark rights, and the rights to use technological processes in foreign markets. It is a favorite strategy for small and medium-sized panies. Franchising involves offering a standard package of products, systems, and management services.106. (p. 323-324) What is a strategic international alliance (SIA)?A SIA is a business relationship established by two or more panies to cooperate out of mutual need and to share risk in achieving a mon objective. SIAs are sought as a way to shore up weaknesses and increase petitive strengths.107. (p. 325-328) Explain the differences between a joint venture and consortia.A joint venture is differentiated from other types of strategic alliances or collaborative relationships in that a joint venture is a partnership of two or more participating panies that join forces to create a separate legal entity. Consortia are similar to jointventures but have two distinguishing characteristics: (a) they typically involve a large number of participants and (b) they frequently operate in a country or market in which none of the participants is currently active.108. (p. 328-329) You have just been hired as a consultant by Apple Computer to advise them on how to enter the South African market. You have decided that direct foreign investment would be the best mode for Apple to follow at this point in time. Write a one-paragraph memo that outlines the benefits of direct foreign investment in a country.Companies that manufacture locally can capitalize on low-cost labor, avoid high import taxes, reduce the high cost of transportation to market, gain access to raw materials, and gain advantages by being perceived as making an investment in the market (as a way to gain entry).109. (p. 331, Exhibit 11.4) With respect to organizational structures used in international marketing, panies are usually structured around one of three alternatives. Assuming that you were a consultant for ATT who desired to create an organization that was able to merge your organization's expertise and skills with that of Sony's cell phone division so that your new jointventure could enter the Scandinavian market, which of the organizational structure alternatives would make most sense? Comment on why the structure might be a good one to use.international marketing planThe three structures are product, geographic, and a matrix approach. Students could select any of the three options, however, the text suggests that the matrix form is preferable in today's market place. A matrix structure permits management to respond to the conflicts that arise between functional activity, product, and geography. Since the new venture will be a joint venture, the matrix structure might allow both of the panies to bring separate expertise to the table. Since a matrixstructure encourages sharing of experience, resources, expertise, technology, and information, it seem to be a natural in this situation.Products and Services for ConsumersEssay Questions107. (p. 337) Discuss the two dimensions of quality.The two dimensions of quality are market-perceived quality and performance quality. Simply, one dimension deals with how consumers believe the pany, product, or service matches toexpectations of quality. The other dimension, which can be measured, deals with how the product, pany, or service actually performs.108. (p. 339) Describe the process called product homologation.Product homologation is used to describe the changes mandated by local product and service standards. A product may have to change in a number of ways to meet the physical or mandatory requirements of a new market.109. (p. 344-347) Everett Rogers notes that four crucial elements impact the diffusion of new ideas. What are those elements?The elements are (a) an innovation, (b) which is municated through certain channels, (c) over time, and (d) among the members of a social system.110. (p. 350, Exhibit 12.1) Draw and correctly label the product ponent model shown in the text.The model is shown on page 350 (see Exhibit 12.1). Students should include the core, packaging, and support services ponents and the sub-parts of each for full credit.111. (p. 353-355) Consumer services are distinguished byfour unique characteristics. List and characterize each of these four unique characteristics.The characteristics are (a) intangibility--services cannot be touched, (b) inseparability--the service cannot be separated from its consumption, (c) heterogeneous--it is individually produced and is thus virtually unique, and (d) perishability--once created it cannot be stored but must be consumed simultaneously with its creation.112. (p. 356-358) Consumer services face four kinds of barriers as these services are presented to the global market. What are these barriers?The barriers are (a) protectionism, (b) controls on transborder data flows, (c) protection of intellectual property, and (d) cultural requirements for adaptation.113. (p. 358-359, Exhibit 12.2) A successful brand is the most valuable resource a pany has. Comment on why this is true and create an example to illustrate.international marketing planUsing the material on pages 358-359 and including Exhibit 12.2, students should be able to make a case for the value of a brand. To summarize, the brand name passes the years ofadvertising, good will, quality evaluation, productexperience, and other beneficial attributes the market associates with the product. Students may use whatever example they wish, however, it still needs to be appropriate to the material above.114. (p. 363-364) Assuming that you were a new marketing manager for Nike and that your first task was to launch a renewed effort to gain market share in Europe, an Adidas stronghold. Describe the impact that the country-of-origin effect might have on your chances of success.The country-of-origin effect can be defined as any influence that the country of manufacture, assembly, or design has on a consumer's positive or negative perception of a product. Students could discuss stereotypes in the example, mention the difficulties that the U.S. has had with France, the general opinion of American-made products, Nike's publicity as asweatshop broker, or how a home-based rival such as Adidas might react to Nike. If you, as an instructor, would like to set additional parameters for this question, please do so before the exam.International Marketing ChannelsEssay Questions101. (p. 396) Characterize a distribution process.A distribution process includes the physical handling and distribution of goods, the passage of ownership (title), and the buying and selling negotiations between producers and middlemen and between middlemen and customers.102. (p. 397) The Japanese distribution system has four distinguishing characteristics. What are these characteristics? The characteristics are (a) a structure dominated by many small middlemen dealing with many small retailers, (b) channel control by manufacturers, (c) a business philosophy shaped by a unique culture, and (d) laws that protect the foundation of the system--the small retailer.103. (p. 399) How does a manufacturer attempt to control the distribution channel?The manufacturer attempts to control the distribution channel through (a) inventory financing, (b) cumulative rebates, (c) merchandise returns, and (d) promotional support.104. (p. 404) Discuss the impact of the trend from traditional to modern channel structures.The impact of these trends will change traditionaldistribution and marketing systems. While retailing revolution remains in flux, new retailing and middle-men systems will be invented, and established panies will experiment, seeking ways to maintain their petitive edge. Moreover, it is ing more dangerous to think of petitors in terms of individual panies―in international business generally, and distribution systems particularly, a networks perspective is increasingly required. That is, firms must be understood in the context of the mercial networks of which they are a part. These changes will resonate throughout the distribution chain before new concepts are established and the system stabilizes.105. (p. 408) Characterize the difference(s) between agent middlemen and merchant middlemen.The primary difference is that agent middlemen do not take title to the goods they process and the merchant middleman does. Additionally, the merchant middleman normally performs more work tasks that are often general in nature whereas the agent middleman may be more of a specialist.international marketing plan106. (p. 412) Steve Smith has been assigned the task of choosing a foreign market channel that would be mostappropriate for his pany. Assuming that his pany was an automobile pany and he wished to enter the Spanish market, list the four points that were identified in the text as starting places for making the channel selection decision. Be specific with your wording of the points.The points are: (a) identify specific target markets within and across countries; (b) specify marketing goals in terms of volume, market share, and profit margin requirements, (c) specify financial and personnel mitments to the development of international distribution, and (d) identify control, length of channels, terms of sale, and channel ownership.107. (p. 419-421) Channel strategy is thought to have six specific strategic goals. If you were to list these goals for a strategic planner, what would be the six specific goals that the planner should consider?The six Cs of channel strategy are: (a) cost, (b) capital, (c) control, (d) coverage, (e) character, and (f) continuity.108. (p. 396-424) Name and briefly define/describe the five basic points involved in making channel decisions.1. channel decisions - producer's choice of a distribution structure through which goods pass from producer to user. Everycountry market has a distribution structure through which goods pass form producer to user. This structure may have a variety of possible middlmen.2. distribution patterns - the variety of possible distribution paths and distribution channel length through which a product may pass from producer to customer.3. available alternative middlemen - the external middlemen from which specific intermediaries are selected. The middlemen e the means of building and developing the channels for international distribution.4. factors affecting choice of channels - identifying target markets, specifying marketing goals, specifying financial and personnel needs, and identifying control, length of channels, terms of sales, and channel ownership.5. locating, selecting, motivating, terminating, and controlling middlemen - the process of building international distribution requires as a first step locationg prospective middlemen. Selection involves determining which ones can performsatisfactorily. Motivating middlemen may involve financial rewards, psychological rewards, munications, pany support, andcorporate report. Termination is the dismissal of middlemen that have not performed up to standard. Controlling middlemen involves control of the distribution network and includes middlemen meeting standards of performance to insure that product is flowing through desired middlemen.Integrated Marketing Communications and International AdvertisingEssay Questions100. (p. 464) Describe the ponents of integrated marketing munications (IMC).IMC are posed of advertising, sales promotions, trade shows, personal selling, direct selling, and public relations.101. (p. 464) What are sales promotions?Sales promotions are marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchases and improve retailer or middleman effectiveness and cooperation.102. (p. 465) Describe the role of public relations.Creating good relationships with the popular press and other media to help panies municate messages to their publics--customers, the general public, and government regulators--is the role of public relations.international marketing plan103. (p. 470-471) List the seven steps in creating an international advertising campaign.The steps are: (a) perform marketing research, (b) specify the goals of the munication, (c) develop the most effective message(s) for the market segments selected, (d) select effective media, (e) pose and secure a budget, (f) execute the campaign, and (g) evaluate the campaign relative to the goals specified.104. (p. 476) List and describe the steps (stages) in the international munication process.The steps are (a) an information source, (b) encoding, (c) a message channel, (d) decoding, (e) receiver, (f) feedback, and (g) noise. See page 479 for details on each stage.105. (p. 486-493)advertising: newspapers, magazines, radio, television, or direct mail.See pages 486-493 for summaries of each of the mass media forms mentioned. If you wish to give additional instructions for answering this question or set question limits, please do so before assigning the question.106. (p. 470-471) Assume that you are the munications manager for a pany that is seeking to begin amunications process with buyers in a foreign market. Take the steps in the international munications process, list them, and indicate which of the steps will probably present the greatest challenge with respect to munication.The steps are: (a) perform marketing research, (b) specify the goals of the munication, (c) develop the most effective message(s) for the market segments selected, (d) select effective media, (e) pose and secure a budget, (f) execute the campaign, and (g) evaluate the campaign relative to the goals specified. Students should build a case for what they perceive to be the most challenging step. See pages 473 for additional aid.107. (p. 491) Belinda is considering Internet advertising to support her pany's international marketing campaign. She knows the Internet has some limitations as an advertising vehicle. What are the current limitations associated with Internet advertising?In many markets the Internet is limited in its penetration of households. Also, there is petition among Internet marketers for Web surfers.Pricing for International MarketsEssay Questions100. (p. 529) Explain the process called parallel importing.Parallel importing occurs when importers buy products from distributors in one country and sell them in another to distributors who are not part of the manufacturer's regular distribution system. For more information and illustrations see page 531, Exhibit 18.1.101. (p. 532) What is the difference between variable-cost pricing and full-cost pricing.In variable-cost pricing, the firm is concerned only with the marginal or incremental cost of producing goods to be sold in overseas markets. In full-cost pricing, the philosophy insists that no unit of a similar product is different from any other unit in terms of cost and that each unit must bear its full share of the total fixed and variable cost.international marketing plan102. (p. 544) There are two distinct views of what constitutes dumping. Explain each of these views.One approach classifies international shipments as dumped if the products are sold below their cost of production. The other approach characterizes dumping as selling goods in a foreign market below the price of the same goods in the home market.103. (p. 545-549) List and briefly characterize the four formsof countertrade.The four forms are (a) barter--the direct exchange of goods between two parties in a transaction, (b) pensation deal--involves payments in goods and cash, (c) counterpurchase--the seller agrees to sell a product at a set price to a buyer and receives payment in cash; however, a second contract stipulates that the original seller will in turn purchase a like amount of goods from the buyer (or a similar arrangement), and (d) product buy-back agreement--the seller may agree to accept partial payment in manufactured goods from the buyer or the seller can accept full payment in manufactured goods. For additional information and examples see pages 545-549.104. (p. 549) What are the benefits of transfer pricing?The benefits are (a) lowering duty costs by shipping goods into high-tariff countries at minimal transfer prices so that duty base and duty are low, (b) reducing e taxes in high-tax countries by overpricing goods transferred to units in such countries, and (c) facilitating dividend repatriation when dividend repatriation is curtailed by government policy.105. (p. 542) A reasonable price for goods in the home market may more than double in the foreign market. How doeschannel length and transportation costs contribute to the price increase?Channel length is determined by the number of middlemen. Middlemen may increase the price of goods to covertransportation costs and to increase their margins; there is little opportunity for a manufacturer to control retail prices in a foreign country. In addition, transportation costs also contribute to the increase in product costs. Transportation costs include insurance, packing, handling, and shipping charges. Such costs are added to the price of goods to determine the landed cost which es the basis of import tariffs. These costs add to the inflation of the final price of goods.106. (p. 551-553) Discuss the meaning of and nature of cartels. Are these groups beneficial or not? Create an example to illustrate your stance.A cartel exists when various panies producing similar products or services work together to control markets for the types of goods and services they produce. The cartel association may use formal agreements to set prices, establish levels of production and sales for the participating panies, allocate territories, and even redistribute profits. The economic role ofcartels is debatable, but their proponents argue that they eliminate cutthroat petition and rationalize business, permitting greater technical progress and lower prices to consumers. Many do not agree with this view. See the text on pages 551-553 for additional information and examples.。

国际市场营销学课后答案

单项选择题1.国际市场营销与国内市场营销相比，其表现为：(两者的理论来源和基础相同)2.( C .市场营销观念)是企业经营思想上的一次根本性的变革，被认为是现代市场营销学的“第一次革命”。

3.美国福特汽车公司创办人享利·福特曾说：不管顾客需要什么颜色，我的汽车就是黑色的。

这句话体现的是企业营销的( A 生产观念)。

4.( A《巴黎公约)的保护对象是工业产权，包括发明、实用新型、外观设计等。

5．大多数国家都热衷于“奖出限入”，原因很简单，净出口（出口减进口）是一国国内生产总值的重要组成部分。

另外，出口是很多国家外汇收入的主要来源，有利于保持良好的国际收支，维持本币币值的稳定。

主要的鼓励出口措施有（B 本币升值）6.(B人均国民收入)在一定程度上反映一国的经济发展水平和现代化程度，以及健康、教育、社会福利状况，对评估耐用消费品、奢侈消费品、休闲旅游产品和娱乐产品的市场规模具有重要的作用。

7.( . D交通设施)不属于自然环境因素。

8.以下四项中，( B居民市场)不属于组织市场。

9.人们对商品的品牌、包装、款式、特性等提出的需求属于( A心理需求)。

10.(经济因素)是影响购买这一经济行为的最基本因素。

1.( Ｃ. 抽样调研)就是从被调研对象的总体中，抽取一部分样本单位进行调研，用以推算总体。

它适用于一些使用量大、涉及面广的产品。

2.(Ａ内部报告系统)是企业最基本的信息系统，它以内部会计系统为主，辅之以销售信息系统而组成。

这是一个报导订单、存货水平、销售额、成本、利润、现金流量、应收帐款及应付帐款等等的系统，其中“订单、发货、帐单”的循环是该系统的核心，即销售人员把顾客的订单送至企业，负责管理订单的机构把有关订单的信息送至企业内部的有关部门，然后企业把帐单和货物一并送至购买者手中。

3.(Ｂ国际营销情报系统)是国际市场信息系统的最根本的组成因素，其主要作用是向营销管理人员及时提供外部环境发展变化的有关信息，从而给企业提供改革的动力，、为企业更好地适应外界环境提供基础。

自考国际市场营销简答题答案

202101四、简答题(本大题共4小题，每题10分，共40分)26.简述国际政治风险的评估方法。

2-78答：国际政治风险的评估方法主要有两类：主观评估法和数量分析法。

〔1〕专家调查法,专家调查法是一种运用相关专家集体智慧进行评估的系统性方法。

该法是邀请相关专家单独接受调查，反复屡次征询意见，最后得到的专家意见根本一致时就结束调查。

该法一般适用于资料比拟缺乏的目标市场国的政治风险预测上。

〔2〕实地考察法:实地考察法是指企业派一个考察小组进入目标市场国的市场进行考察访问。

该方法由于考察时间短，难以深入调查，收集的信息是外表上的、浅薄的，但考察小组能看到一个真实的市场状况，这有助于企业对该国政治风险有一个初步的感性认识。

〔3〕利用驻外专家调查法:利用驻外专家调查法是指企业利用本国在目标市场国的专家进行调查。

企业可以利用本国在目标市场国的使馆、新闻机构、金融机构、先期进入目标市场国的企业派出机构等有关专家和人员。

〔4〕利用国际咨询机构法:国际咨询机构是向各国企业、政府和个人提供信息咨询效劳的机构。

企业利用国际咨询机构对目标市场国的政治风险进行预测，准确性比拟高，但费用高昂。

〔5〕政治体制稳定指数〔PSSI〕法;该法是由黑戴尔、弗斯特和麦都在1974年提出的，是一种研究政治不稳定的定量模型，主要分析客观因素，求出政治体制稳定指数，在此根底上作出判断。

该模型适用于对目标市场国政治风险的初步判断。

该模型是由三个重要指数构成的：社会经济特征指数、社会动乱指数、社会统治秩序指数。

而社会动乱指数分为社会不安定指数，国内暴乱指数和高压统治潜在危机三项指数。

27.简述国际货币市场的构成及作用。

4-134答：一、国际货币市场的构成1、短期信贷市场:主要指银行间的市场，该市场提供一年或一年以内的短期贷款，目的在于解决临时性的资金需求和进行头寸调剂。

贷款的期限最短为一天，最长为一年，此外，也提供三天、一周、一个月、三个月、半年等期限的资金；贷款利率通常以伦敦银行同业投放利率〔 London Inter-Bank Offered Rate，LIBOR〕为基准；交易通常以批发形式进行，少那么几十万美元，多那么几百万、几千万美元；交易简便，不需担保相抵押，完全凭信誉；使用、电传进行。

国际市场营销全球营销学每章课后习题答案

全球营销学第四版每章课后习题答案第一章Introduction to Global Marketing1.What are the basic goals of marketing? Are these goals relevant to globalmarketing?P31、Surpass the competition at the task of creating perceived value for customers2、The Guide line is the value equation –Value = Benefits/Price (Money, Time, Effort, Etc.)P42.What is mean by “global localization”?（全球本土化策略）Is Coca-Cola a globalproduct? Explain.The phrase “global localization” represents an attempt to capture the spirit of the rallying cry for o rganizations in the 21st century, namely, “think globally, act locally.”Most people will agree that Coca-Cola is a global product by virtue of the fact that it is available in more than 195 countries in red cans bearing the distinctive signature style. It must be noted, however, that customer service efforts are adapted to the needs of particular markets, e.g., vending machines in Japan. Thus, Coca-Cola is both global and local.3.Describe some of the global marketing strategies available to companies. Giveexamples of companies that use the different strategies.Global marketing strategies: 1. global market participation is the extent to which a company has operations in major world markets; 2. standardization versus adaptation is the extent to which each marketing mix element can be standardized or adapted in various country markets; 3. concentration of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed in one or a few country locations; 4. coordination of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed interdependently around the globe; 5. integration of competitive moves is the extent to which a firm’s competitive marketing tactics in different parts of world are interdependent.Examples: 1. Coke is the best-known, strongest brand, as the Coca-Cola Company, supporting its Coke, Fanta, and Powerade brands with marketing mix elements both that are globe and local, is adept at adapting sales promotion, distribution, and customer service efforts to local needs;2. Mcdonald’s business model is a restaurant system that can be set up virtually anywhere in the world and offers core menu items-hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks-in most countries, and the company also customizes menu offerings according to local eating customs.4.How do the global marketing strategies of Harley-Davidson and Toyota differ?Harley-Davidson motorcycles are known the world over as “the” all-American motorcycle. Harley’s mystique and heritag e are associated with the USA. The company backs up this positioning with exports from two U.S. manufacturing locations. By contrast, Toyota builds some models (e.g., Camry and Avalon) for the U.S. market in the U.S., a fact that Toyota stresses in its American ad. Thus, Harley-Davidson serves global markets while sourcing locally, while Toyota’s strategy calls for serving world markets and using the world as a source of supply.5.Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycontric, regiocentric, andgeocentric management orientations.The premise of an ethnocentric orientation is that home country products and management processes are superior. An ethnocentric company that neither sources inputs from, nor seeks market opportunities in the world outside the home country may be classified as an domestic company. A company that does business abroad while still presuming the superiority of the home country may be classified as an international company. Such a company would rely on an extension strategy whereby it would export, without adaptation, products designed for the domestic market.The polycentric orientation that predominates at a multinational company leads to aview of the world in which each country markets is different from the others. Local country managers operating with a high degree of autonomy adapt the marketing mix in a polycentric, multinational company. Managers who are regiocentric or geocentric in their orientations recognize both similarities and differences in world markets. Market opportunities are pursued using both extension and adaptation strategies. The regiocentric and geocentric orientations are characteristic of global transnational companies.OrEthnocentric orientation: home country is superior to the rest of the world, sees similarities in foreign countries，leads to a standardized or extension approach; Polycentric orientation: the opposite of ethnocentrism, each country in which a company does business is unique, sees differences in foreign countries, leads to localized or adaption approach; Regiocentric orientation: a region becomes the relevant geographic unit; management`s goal is to develop an integrated regional strategy; Geocentric orientation：views the entire world as a potential market and strives to develop integrated world market strategies.6.Identify and briefly describe some of the forces that have resulted in increased globalintegration and the growing importance of global marketing.P21+Driving Forces：Regional economic agreements、Market needs and wants、TechnologyTransportation and communication improvements、Product development costs、Quality、World economic trends、LeverageRestraining Forces：Management myopia、Organizational culture、National controls 7.Define leverage and explain the different types of leverage utilized by companieswith global operations.Define leverage：P25第二章The Global Economic Environment1.Explain the difference between market capitalism, centrally planned capitalism,centrally planned socialism, and market socialism. Give an example of a country that illustrates each types of system.Market capitalism is an economic system in which individuals and firms allocate resources and production resources are privately owned. (England).Centrally planned capitalism is an economic system in which command resource allocation is utilized extensively in an environment of private resource ownership. (Sweden)Centrally planned socialism, in this type of economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit. (Former Soviet Union)Market socialism, in such a system, market allocation policies are permitted within an overall environment of state ownership. (China)2.What is a BEM? Identify the BEMs according to their respective stages of economicdevelopment.P53P56-583. A manufacture of satellite dishes is assessing the world market potential for hisproducts. He asks you if he should consider developing countries as potential markets.How would you advise him?Despite the difficult economic conditions in parts of developing countries, many nations will involve into attractive markets.One of marketing’s roles in developing countries is to focus resources on the task of creating and delivering products that are best suited to local needs and incomes. The role of marketing to indentify people’s needs and wants is the same in all countries, irrespective of level of economic development. It is also an opportunity to help developing countries join the information age.And P654.Turn to the Index of Economic Freedom (Table 2-1) and identify where the BEMs areranked. What does the result tell you in terms of the relevance of the index to global marketers?P52第三章Social and Cultural Environments1.What are some of the elements that make up culture? How do these find expression inyour native culture?Culture is a collection of Values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another.Culture is acted out in social institutions, such as, family, education, religion, government, business.2.What is the difference between a low-context culture and a high-context culture?Give an example of a country that is an example of each type and provide evidence for your answer.PPT 第四章4-63.How can Hofstede’s cultural typologies help Western marketers better understandAsian culture?P874.Explain the self-reference criterion(自我参照准则). Go to the library and findexamples of product failures that might have been avoided through the application of the SRC.Unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values; creates cultural myopia5.Briefly explain the social research of Everrtt Rogers regarding diffusion ofinnovations,……P94pare and contrast USA and Japan in terms of traditions and organizationalbehavior and norms.第四章The Legal and Regulatory Environments of Global Marketing1.What is sovereignty? What is it an important consideration in the politicalenvironment of global marketing?sovereignty2.Describe some of the sources of political risk. Specially, what forms can political risktake?Tension between aspirations and realityPrimarily occurs in lower and lower-middle income countries–Indonesia and economic crisisWhen political risk occurs in high income countries, it is generally due to a long-standing conflict–Northern IrelandP1423.Briefly describe some of the differences between the legal environment of a countrythat embraces common law and one that observes civil law.4.Global marketers can avoid legal conflicts by understanding the reasons conflictsarise in the first place. Identify and describe several legal issues that relate to global commerce.Intellectual PropertyAntitrustContractualLicensing and Trade Secrets5.“See you in court” is one way to respond when legal issues arise. What otherapproaches are possible?LitigationFormal arbitration–Settles disputes outside of court–Groups agree to abide by panel’s decision1958 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards–Most important treaty regarding international arbitration第五章Global Information Systems and Market Research1.Explain two information technology puts powerful tools in the hands of globalmarketers.Modern IT tools provide the means for a company's marketing information system and research functions to provide relevant information in a timely, cost –efficient, and actionable manner.Electronic data interchange (EDI) allows business units to submit orders, to issue invoices, to conduct business electronically, Wal-Mart legendary for its EDI, save time and money, enables retailers to improve inventory management. Transaction formats are universalEfficient Consumer Response (ECR) This is in addition to EDI, an effort for retailers and vendors to work closely on stock replenishment(补充). ECR can be defined as a joint initiative by members of a supply chain to work toward improving and optimizing(最优化) aspects of the supply chain to benefit customersIntranet, Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS), Data Warehouses are also helping businesses improve their ability to target consumers and increase loyalty.2.What are the different modes of information acquisition? Which is the most importantfor gathering strategic information?3.4、Outline the basic steps of the market research process.5、What is the difference between existing, latent, and incipient demand? How mightthese differences affect the design of a marketing research project?Demand and profit potential, in turn, depend in part on whether the market being studied can be classifieds existing or potential. Existing markets are those in which customer needs are already being served by one or more companies. In some instances, there is no existing market to research and. information may be readily available. A latent market is in essence, an und iscovered segment .It’s a market in which demand would materialize if an appropriate product were made available. An incipient market is a market that will emerge if particular economic demographic, political, or sociocultural trend continues. A company is not likely to achieve satisfactory results if it offers a product in an incipient market before the trends have taken root.Market growth, brand loyalty, market segment, product, sales promotion, pricing, distribution, will be different in marketing research project.6.Describe some of the analytical techniques used by global marketers. When is it appropriate to use each technique?A number of techniques are available for analyzing survey data.Factor analysis can be used to transform large amount of data into manageable units. It is useful in psychographic segmentation studies or creating perceptual maps; cluster analysis allows the researchers to group variables into clusters that maximize within-group similarities and between-group differences. It can be used to do global marketing research, to perform benefit segmentation, and to identify new product opportunities. Multi dimensional scaling is another technique for creating perceptual maps which is particular useful when there are many product to choose and consumers have difficulty in verbalizing their conceptions. Conjoint analysis is used to gain insights into the combination of features that will be the most attractive to consumers. It is useful when determines the values and utilities of the various levels of product features and plots them graphically.第六章Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning1.differentiate the five basic segmentation strategies. Give an example of a companythat has used each one.P170-P1831、IncomePopulationsAge distributionGenderEducationOccupation2、Grouping people according to attitudes, value, and lifestyles3、4、Benefit segmentation focuses on the value equation–Value = Benefits / Price5、The population of many countries includes ethnic groups of significant size2.Explain the difference between segmenting and targeting.P200pare and contrast standardized, concentrated, and differentiated global marketing.Illustrate each strategy with an example from a global company.Standardized global marketing is mass marketing on a global scale with undifferentiated target marketing (Revlon International)Concentrated global marketing, involves devising a marketing mix to reach a niche. A niche is simply a single segment of the global market. (Germany`s Winter halter) Differentiated global marketing, represents a more ambitious approach than concentrated target marketing with multi-segment targeting and two or more distinct markets (Rover)4.5.What is positioning? Identify the different positioning strategies presented in thechapter and give examples of companies or products that illustrate each.Locating a brand in consumers’minds over and against competitors in terms of attributes and benefits that the brand does and does not offer.P192-1956.What is global consumer culture positioning? What other strategic positioningchoices do global marketers have?Identifies the brand as a symbol of a particular global culture or segment.P1967.What is high-touch product? Explain the difference between high-tech productpositioning and high-touch product positioning. Can some products be positioned using both strategies? Explain.High-tech products are sophisticated technologically complex, and/or difficult to explain or understand, and frequently evaluated in terms of their performance against established objective standards. High-tech global consumer positioning also works well for special interest products associated with leisure of recreation.High-touch products, consumers are generally energized by emotional motives rather than rational ones, and frequently evaluated in terms of their performance against established subjective, aesthetic terms.Some products can be positioned using both strategies, with both satisfying buyers’ rational criteria and evoking an emotional response. Nokia, for example, combines technical performance with a fashion orientation.第七章Global Market Entry Strategies:1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using licensing as a market entry tool?Give examples of companies from different countries that use licensing as a global marketing strategy.Advantages to LicensingProvides additional profitability with little initial investmentProvides method of circumventing tariffs, quotas, and other export barriersAttractive ROILow costs to implementDisadvantages to LicensingLimited participationReturns may be lostLack of controlLicensee may become competitorLicensee may exploit company resourcesP2062.What is foreign direct investment? What forms can FDI take?P209Partial or full ownership of operations outside of home countryForms:Joint ventures–Minority or majority equity stakes–Outright acquisition3.Do you agree with Ford’s decision to acquire Jaguar? What was more valuable toFord---the physical assets or the name?P2154.What is meant by the phrase global strategic partnership? In what ways does this formof market entry strategy differ from more traditional forms such as joint ventures? Participants remain independent following formation of the allianceParticipants share benefits of alliance as well as control over performance of assigned tasksParticipants make ongoing contributions in technology, products, and other key strategic areasPPT3055.What are Keiretsu? How does this form of industrial structure affect companies thatcompete with Japan or that are trying to enter the Japanese market?PPT307书P2276.Which Strategic options for market entry or expansion would a small company belikely to pursue? A large company?StrategiesCompanies must decide to expand by:–Seeking new markets in existing countries–Seeking new country markets for already identified and served market segments第八章Product and Brand Decisions1.What is the difference between a product and a brand?A product is a good, service, or ideaBrandsBundle of images and experiences in the customer’s mindA promise made by a particular company about a particular productA quality certificationDifferentiation between competing productsThe sum of impressions about a brand is the Brand ImageThe added value that accrues to a product as a result of investments in the marketing of the brandAn asset that represents the value created by the relationship between the brand and customer over time2.How do local, international, and global products differ? Cite examplesLocal Product is one that has achieved success in a single national market and represents the lifeblood of domestic companies. （Coca-cola, ginseng beverage only in Japan）International product is offered in several markets in a particular region (Euro-product, only in euro zone)Global product meets the wants and needs of a global market and is offered in all world regions (personal stereos)3.What are some of the elements that make up a brand? Are these elements tangible orintangible?IntangibleP2414.What criteria should global marketers consider when making product designdecisions?In many instances, packaging is an integral element of product-related design decisions. Packaging is designed to protect or contain the product during shipping；Labeling provides consumers with various types of information; Aesthetics differ around the world. Global marketers must understand the importance of visual aesthetics; Product Warranties is a written guarantee that assures the buyer is getting what they paid for or provides a remedy in case of a product failure. Warranties can be used as a competitive tool5.How can buyer at titudes about a product’s country of origin affect marketing strategy?买家对于原产国的态度对营销策略有什么影响？Perceptions about and attitudes toward particular countries often extend to products and brands known to originate in those countries–Japan–Germany–France–ItalyP252-2546.Identify several global brands. What are some of the reasons for the global success ofthe brands you chose?Both products and brand are good……7.Briefly describe various combinations of product-communication strategies availableto global marketers. When is it appropriate to use each?Product-communication extension (dual extension) is a strategy selling the same product with the same promotional appeals used in domestically when pursuing opportunities outside the home market. It used frequently with industrial (business to business) products.Product extension-communication adaptation strategy is a relatively low cost of implementation because the physical product is unchanged, and the main costs are associated with market research and revising promotional appeals. It used frequently when consumer conceptions outside the home market are very different from domestic marketProduct adaptation-communication extension is an approach to global product planning is to extend, without change, the basic home-market communications strategy while adapting the product to local use or preference conditions. It used frequently when natural conditions outside the home market are very different from domestic market Product-communication adaptation (dual adaptation) strateg y is an approach used both the different product serves and advertising appeals to consumer receptivity when comparing a new geographic market to the home market, environmental conditions or consumer preferences differ;第九章Pricing Decisions1.What are the basic factors that affect price in any market? What considerations enterinto the pricing decision?In global marketing, the task of setting prices is complicated by fluctuating exchange rates. Currency fluctuations can create significant problems and opportunities for the classic international company that exports from the home country.Inflation, or a persistent upward change in price levels, is a problem in many country markets. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply and currency devaluation. Governmental policies and regulations that affect pricing decisions include dumping legislation, resale price maintenance legislation, price ceilings, and general reviews of price levels.Pricing decisions are bounded not only by cost and nature of demand but also by competitive action.Competitive Behavior: If competitors do not adjust their prices in response to rising costs it is difficult to adjust your price to maintain operating margins; If competitors are manufacturing or sourcing I a lower-cost country, it may be necessary to cut prices to stay competitiveThe global marketer has several options for addressing the problem of price escalation orthe environmental factors described in the last section.2.Define the various types of pricing strategies and objectives available to globalmarketers.Market Skimming and Financial Objectives: Market Skimming charges a premium price which may occur at the introduction stage of product life cyclePenetration Pricing and Non-Financial Objectives: Penetration Pricing charges a low price in order to penetrate market quickly which appropriates to saturate market prior to imitation by competitors3.Identify some of the environmental constraints on global pricing decisions. Currency FluctuationsInflationary EnvironmentGovernment Controls, Subsidies, RegulationsCompetitive BehaviorSourcing4.Why do price differences in world markets often lead to gray marketing?Because price differences in world markets lead to trademarked products are exported from one country to another where they are sold by unauthorized persons or organizationsGray marketing occurs when product is in short supply, when producers use skimming strategies in some markets, and when goods are subject to substantial mark-ups 5.What is dumping? Why was dumping such an important issue during the UruguayRound of GATT negotiations?Sale of an imported product at a price lower than that normally charged in a domestic market or country of origin.P2966.What is transfer price? Why is it an important issue for companies with foreignaffiliates(外国子公司)? Why did transfer pricing in Europe take on increased importance in 1999?The transfer price is that Pricing of goods, services, and intangible property bought and sold by operating units or divisions of a company doing business with an affiliate in another jurisdiction.P2997.What is the difference between ethnocentric, polycontric, and geocentric pricingstrategies? Which one would you recommend to a company that has global market aspirations?P291-292 PPT240-242pare and contrast the different forms of countertrade.Countertrade occurs when payment is made in some form other than moneyOptions–BarterThe least complex and oldest form of bilateral, non-monetary counter-tradeA direct exchange of goods or services between two parties–Counter-purchase P303-304–Offset–Compensation trading–Cooperation agreements–Switch trading第十章Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution1.In what ways can channel intermediaries create utility for buyers?ObjectivesMarketing channels exist to create utility for customers–Place utility -availability of a product or service in a location that is convenient to a potential customer–Time utility -availability of a product or service when desired by a customer–Form utility -availability of the product processed, prepared, in proper condition and/or ready to use–information utility -availability of answers to questions and general communicationabout useful product features and benefits2.What factors influence the channel structures and strategies available to globalmarketers?B2CThe characters of both buyers and products have an important influence on channel design.The number of individual buyers and their geographic distribution, income, shopping habits and different channel approaches.Products characters such as degree of standardization, perishability, bulk, service requirements, and unit price have an impact as well.Channels tends to be longer as the number of consumers to be served increases and the price per unit decreases. Bulky products usually require channel arrangements that minimize the shipping distances and the number of times products change hands before they reach the ultimate customer.B2BAs is true with consumer channels, product and consumer characteristics have an impact on channel structure. Three basic elements are involved: the manufacture's sales force, distributors or agents and wholesalers.Channel strategy in a global marketing program must fit the company's competitive position and overall marketing objectives in each national market.market factors: consumer profiles, market size and location of country.3.What is cherry picking? What approaches can be used to deal with this problem?P323pare and contrast the typical channel structures for consumer products andindustrial products.P340 PPT252-2555.Identify the different forms of retailing and cite an example of each form. Identifyretailers from as many different countries as you can.PPT258-259 P3256.Identify the four retail market expansion strategies discussed in the text. What factorsdetermine the appropriable mode?Organic–Company uses its own resources to open a store on a green field site or acquire one or more existing retail facilitiesFranchise–Appropriate strategy when barriers to entry are low yet the market is culturally distant in terms of consumer behavior or retailing structuresChain Acquisition–A market entry strategy that entails purchasing a company with multiple existing outlets in a foreign countryJoint Venture–This strategy is advisable when culturally distant, difficult-to-enter markets are targeted 7.What special distribution challenges exist in Japan? What is the best way for anon-Japanese company to deal with these challenges?第十一章Global Marketing Communications Decisions:Advertising and Public Relations1.In what ways can global brands and global advertising campaigns benefit a company? P3482.How does the “standardized versus localized” debate apply to advertising?Four difficulties that compromise an organization’s communicat ion efforts–The message may not get through to the intended recipient.–The message may reach the target audience but may not be understood or may even be misunderstood.–The message may reach the target audience and may be understood but still may not induce the recipient to take the action desired by the sender.–The effectiveness of the message can be impaired by noise.。

国际市场营销考试选择题45题附答案

1. 国际市场营销的主要目标是什么？A. 扩大市场份额B. 提高品牌知名度C. 增加全球销售额D. 以上都是答案：D2. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要挑战？A. 文化差异B. 法律限制C. 汇率波动D. 以上都是答案：D3. 国际市场营销的主要策略包括哪些？A. 标准化B. 本地化C. 混合策略D. 以上都是答案：D4. 标准化策略的主要优势是什么？A. 成本效益B. 品牌一致性C. 简化管理D. 以上都是答案：D5. 本地化策略的主要优势是什么？A. 适应当地市场B. 提高顾客满意度C. 增强竞争力D. 以上都是答案：D6. 混合策略的主要特点是什么？A. 结合标准化和本地化B. 灵活适应不同市场C. 平衡成本和效益D. 以上都是答案：D7. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要步骤？A. 市场研究B. 市场进入C. 市场扩张D. 以上都是答案：D8. 市场研究的主要目的是什么？A. 了解目标市场B. 评估市场潜力C. 识别竞争优势D. 以上都是答案：D9. 市场进入的主要策略包括哪些？A. 出口B. 合资C. 独资D. 以上都是答案：D10. 出口的主要优势是什么？A. 低风险B. 快速进入市场C. 利用现有资源D. 以上都是答案：D11. 合资的主要优势是什么？A. 共享资源B. 降低风险C. 本地市场知识D. 以上都是答案：D12. 独资的主要优势是什么？A. 完全控制B. 品牌一致性C. 长期投资D. 以上都是答案：D13. 市场扩张的主要策略包括哪些？A. 产品多样化B. 市场渗透C. 市场开发D. 以上都是答案：D14. 产品多样化的主要目的是什么？A. 满足不同需求B. 扩大市场份额C. 提高竞争力D. 以上都是答案：D15. 市场渗透的主要目的是什么？A. 增加现有市场份额B. 提高品牌忠诚度C. 降低成本D. 以上都是答案：A16. 市场开发的主要目的是什么？A. 进入新市场B. 扩大销售渠道C. 增加产品线D. 以上都是答案：A17. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要工具？A. 广告B. 促销C. 公关D. 以上都是答案：D18. 广告的主要目的是什么？A. 提高品牌知名度B. 增加产品销量C. 建立品牌形象D. 以上都是答案：D19. 促销的主要目的是什么？A. 短期销售增长B. 提高顾客忠诚度C. 增强品牌竞争力D. 以上都是答案：A20. 公关的主要目的是什么？A. 建立良好形象B. 增强品牌信任C. 处理危机事件D. 以上都是答案：D21. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要渠道？A. 直接出口B. 间接出口C. 跨国公司D. 以上都是答案：D22. 直接出口的主要优势是什么？A. 直接控制市场B. 快速响应市场变化C. 提高利润率D. 以上都是答案：D23. 间接出口的主要优势是什么？A. 降低风险B. 利用中介资源C. 快速进入市场D. 以上都是答案：D24. 跨国公司的主要优势是什么？A. 全球资源整合B. 本地市场适应C. 品牌全球推广D. 以上都是答案：D25. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要风险？A. 政治风险B. 经济风险C. 法律风险D. 以上都是答案：D26. 政治风险的主要表现是什么？A. 政策变动B. 政治不稳定C. 贸易壁垒D. 以上都是答案：D27. 经济风险的主要表现是什么？A. 汇率波动B. 经济衰退C. 市场需求变化D. 以上都是答案：D28. 法律风险的主要表现是什么？A. 法律限制B. 知识产权问题C. 合同纠纷D. 以上都是答案：D29. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要评估指标？A. 市场份额B. 销售额C. 品牌价值D. 以上都是答案：D30. 市场份额的主要评估方法是什么？A. 市场调查B. 销售数据分析C. 竞争对手分析D. 以上都是答案：D31. 销售额的主要评估方法是什么？A. 财务报表分析B. 销售数据分析C. 市场趋势分析D. 以上都是答案：B32. 品牌价值的主要评估方法是什么？A. 品牌知名度调查B. 品牌忠诚度调查C. 品牌资产评估D. 以上都是答案：D33. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要发展趋势？A. 数字化B. 本地化C. 全球化D. 以上都是答案：D34. 数字化的主要表现是什么？A. 电子商务B. 社交媒体营销C. 大数据分析D. 以上都是答案：D35. 本地化的主要表现是什么？A. 产品适应性B. 营销策略调整C. 文化敏感性D. 以上都是答案：D36. 全球化的主要表现是什么？A. 全球供应链B. 全球品牌推广C. 全球市场整合D. 以上都是答案：D37. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要伦理问题？A. 消费者保护B. 环境保护C. 社会责任D. 以上都是答案：D38. 消费者保护的主要内容是什么？A. 产品质量B. 信息透明C. 公平交易D. 以上都是答案：D39. 环境保护的主要内容是什么？A. 减少污染B. 资源节约C. 可持续发展D. 以上都是答案：D40. 社会责任的主要内容是什么？A. 社区参与B. 员工福利C. 慈善捐赠D. 以上都是答案：D41. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要法律问题？A. 贸易法规B. 知识产权C. 合同法D. 以上都是答案：D42. 贸易法规的主要内容是什么？A. 关税B. 进口限制C. 出口管制D. 以上都是答案：D43. 知识产权的主要内容是什么？A. 专利B. 商标C. 版权D. 以上都是答案：D44. 合同法的主要内容是什么？A. 合同签订B. 合同履行C. 合同纠纷解决D. 以上都是答案：D45. 以下哪项是国际市场营销的主要成功因素？A. 市场洞察B. 创新能力C. 执行力D. 以上都是答案：D。

国际市场营销复习题答案

1、题目：企业给销往各地市场的产品都制定统一的出厂价格，这是（A）答案A 标准化定价法答案B 主动竞争定价法答案C 地心定价法答案D 多样化定价法2、题目：细分市场是由类似的（C ）组成的。

答案A 产品答案B 行业答案C 消费者群体答案D 企业3、题目：（B ）是企业把销售市场划分为若干区域，对于不同区域的顾客，分别制定不同的地区价格答案A FOB原产地定价答案B 分区定价答案C 统一交货定价答案D 基点定价4、题目：进口许可证制、进口配额等属于（C）答案A 国有化答案B 外汇管制答案C 进口限制答案D 租税控制5、题目：下列商品中较适宜采用无差异策略的是（B ）答案A 服装答案B 粮食答案C 鞋类答案D 化妆品6、题目：从根本上来说，国际营销环境分析就是要研究企业所面临的（C ）答案A 经济环境答案B 政治环境答案C 不可控制因素答案D 可控制因素7、题目：国际市场营销与国内市场营销相比，其表现为（A ）答案A 两者的理论来源和基础相同答案B 两者的营销方式相同答案C 两者面对的环境相同答案D 两者的营销难度相同8、题目：以下哪种途径获得的信息属于二手资料( D )答案A 通过访谈答案B 通过问卷调查答案C 通过市场试验答案D 通过报纸、刊物9、题目：下列行为中不属于政治干预的是（B ）答案A 没收、征用和国有化答案B 外汇管制答案C 政治冲突答案D 本国化10、题目：国际市场资源战略是从产品生产流程中的（ A ）角度来思考企业的国际市场营销战略的答案A 投入答案B 产出答案C 生产答案D 服务11、题目：关税属于（C ）答案A 经济环境答案B 政治环境答案C 法律环境答案D 文化环境12、实施国际市场营销的企业多采用国别市场营销观念，即公司意识到不同国别的市场存在（ B ）答案A 无差异答案B 差异性答案C 同质化答案D 标准化13、题目：（C ）是产品的最基本的层次，是顾客购买的核心内容，是购买者期望从产品中获得的基本利益和效用答案A 期望产品答案B 延伸产品答案C 核心产品答案D 潜在产品14、题目：在国际营销中，短期效果明显的促销方式是（B ）答案A 广告促销答案B 营业推广答案C 公共关系答案D 联合促销15、一个国家生活必需品的市场潜量主要取决于（A ）答案A 人口的规模答案B 人口的分布答案C 人口的增长率答案D 人口的结构16、题目：下列哪项不能用来降低生产成本？（D ）答案A 提高产量答案B 提高生产效率答案C 控制原材料消耗答案D 控制高管人员工资17、题目：最初级的国际市场进入模式是（B）答案A 直接出口答案B 间接出口答案C 契约进入答案D 投资进入18、题目：按照著名经济学家罗斯托的“经济成长阶段论”，当国家经济稳定增长、各种社会设施及人力资源的运用已达到一定的水平，农业及各种产业的现代化水平不断提高，规模逐渐扩大时，该国处于下列经济发展阶段（ C ）答案A 传统社会答案B 起飞前夕答案C 起飞答案D 趋向成熟19、题目：最高级的国际市场进入模式是（D）答案A 直接出口答案B 间接出口答案C 契约进入答案D 投资进入20、题目：下列哪些产品除（C ）外一般都适合于成本加成定价法？答案A 商品房答案B 皮鞋答案C 古董答案D 服装21、题目：国际市场营销是指（A ）答案A 各国之间商品交换答案B 向他国出口产品答案C 跨国界的市场营销活动答案D 在某国生产产品22、题目：美国通用电气公司与日本三家公司共同开发原与法国斯索克玛公司共同开发的新一代发动机，这种联盟属于：（ C ）答案A 市场营销型联盟答案B 资源互补型联盟答案C 联合研制型联盟答案D 共享供应型联盟23、题目：印度、埃及和菲律宾等国经济属于（C ）答案A 自给型经济答案B 原料出口型经济答案C 工业化进程中的经济答案D 工业化经济24、题目：出口营销是国际营销的发展阶段之一，一般认为该阶段始于( B )答案A 20 世纪50 年代答案B 20 世纪60 年代答案C 20 世纪70 年代答案D 20 世纪80 年代25、题目：下列不属于非概率抽样方法的是（C ）答案A 判断抽样答案B 便利抽样答案C 分层抽样答案D 定额抽样26、题目：市场领导者拓展市场可以通过那种方式实现？（B ）答案A 积极防御答案B 市场开发答案C 紧密跟随答案D 重点集中27、题目：能够反映一个国家或地区经济状况和金融政策的综合指标是（B ）答案A 自然资源答案B 基础设施答案C 通货膨胀率答案D 外国投资状况28、题目：由航空公司、航空食品企业、旅行社等多个行业的企业共同来完成为顾客提供的航空旅行服务，这种形势所组成的联盟属于：（ C ）答案A 市场营销型联盟答案B 资源互补型联盟答案C 联合研制型联盟答案D 横向联盟29、题目：在市场细分的基础上，企业将多个细分市场作为目标市场并针对每个子市场分别制定营销组合方案。

(完整版)《国际市场营销学》课后习题答案

1.企业走向国际市场的主要动因是什么？我国企业走向国际市场的动因有哪些特殊性？国内市场需求饱和及市场竞争激烈；国际市场的吸引力；政府鼓励与支持企业出口政策；科学技术发展为企业跨国经营提供物质前提；我国动因：国内市场竞争激烈；国外产品通过各种渠道大量涌入国内市场，使国内市场呈现出饱和状态，企业为实现产品的竞争日益激烈；获取国外先进科学技术及先进的管理技术；利用俩种资源与俩个市场获取国外低成本的生产资源及引进外资；2.什么是国际市场营销？国际营销同国内营销有何联系和区别？国际市场营销是指在一国以上把企业生产的商品或劳务引导到消费者或用户中去的经营活动；一)国际营销与国内营销的联系1．基础的共同性国际营销与国内营销都以经济学的基本原理作为理论基础。

现代管理学、统计学、数学、会计学、社会学、心理学等诸多学科的内容，既可以指导国内营销活动，又广泛运用于国际营销之中。

2．观念的一致性在当代经济活动中，国际营销观念与国内营销观念本质上是一致的，都以“市场观念”作为指导原则，以满足消费者和用户的需求为中心。

所谓满足需求，一是指满足消费者和用户对商品或服务在使用价值上的需求；二是指满足消费者和用户的心理需求。

由于观念的一致性，企业的国内外营销活动也具有一致性，即企业在国内外营销活动中都必须做到：（1）企业生产、销售产品与服务都要有自己的目标市场，即要有特定的用户作为自己的买主；（2）企业提供的产品和服务，不仅在物质功能上而且在价值观念上，都要满足目标市场的需求；（3）企业销售产品与服务在时间、地点、方式、价格等方面，都必须便于顾客购买；（4）及时为顾客提供信息和满意的售后服务，以满足现实顾客和潜在顾客对商品和服务的多种需要。

3．经营的延伸性在经营上，国际营销与国内营销往往存在一定的联系。

就其经营发生的过程来看，国际营销是国内营销的延伸。

粗略说来，企业先从事国内营销，再逐渐发展到国际营销。

也就是说，企业发展国际营销，一般都有一个渐进的过程。

国际市场营销真题及答案

1.从事国际营销的企业具有利用杠杆作用的独特优势，这种杠杆作用是( c )P11A.国际竞争B.发展机会C.经验移植D.政府鼓励2.国际营销与国内营销的区别主要体现在( D )-P3A.经营观念的演进B.企业结构的不同C.经营商品的不同D.营销环境的变化3.在跨文化分析中，低背景相关文化是指( B )P120A.语言只表达部分信息B.信息表达比较直接C.信息表达不明确D.主要依靠背景信息4.分析一个国家的市场规模，主要根据( A )P20A.人口状况和收入水平B.经济状况和类型C.人口总量和年龄结构D.恩格尔系数5.国际消费者购买过程的差异主要体现在( B )P111A.信息收集B.认识过程C.买后感受D.挑选过程6.有效的市场细分应具有的特征是( D )p145A.广泛性B.相似性C.区域性D.可盈利性7.属于直接出口形式的是( C )P153-155,重点看一下A.与国外企业合资经营,B.经本国贸易公司出口C.在国外市场设立销售机构D.授权国外企业使用商标8.制造商用一个品牌来命名自己所有的产品，这是( A )P199A.统一品牌策略B.系列品牌策略C.个别品牌策略D.组合品牌策略9.一个企业将价格降至竞争者不得不离开该市场，这是( A ) P217A.掠夺性定价B.撇脂定价C.转移定价D.渗透定价10.当产品的销售额和利润都明显上升，这表明产品处于( B )P189A.成熟期B.成长期C.投入期D.发展期11.二手资料经过多次转载容易出错，必须注意其( C ) P93A.充分性B.相关性C.准确性D.滞后性12.在企业所在国以外的国家进行的调研项目属于( D ) P87A.多国调研B.交叉文化调研C.跨国调研D.国外调研13.意大利、西班牙和东欧等国的零售业可称之为( C ) P241A.发达型零售B.结构化零售C.中间型零售D.传统零售14.间接渠道比直接渠道的优势是( A ) P154A.迅速开发市场B.直接接触最终用户C.节省流通时间D.节省流通费用15.国际分销中具有速度快、运量大的特点的运输方式是( B )P249A.公路B.铁路C.空运D.海运16.采用标准化促销信息的根据之一是( A)P258A.规模经济B.文化差异C.形式相同D.法律区别17.在一段时间内每个受众接触同一广告的次数是广告的( B P265A.到达率B.频率C.持续性D.总强度18.国际公共关系促销方法有( C )P279A.营业推广B.价格折扣C.新闻发布D.红利分成19.在麦肯锡7-S模型中被认为是企业成功经营的“软件”有( B ) p286A.战略B.风格C.结构D.制度20.关税与贸易总协定生效于( D )P76A.2001年B.1996年C.1949年D.19481.在国际营销中，短期效果明显的促销方式是（C）p274A.广告促销B.公共关系C.营业推广D.联合促销2.分销商与代理商的根本区别在于（A）p233A.拥有产品的所有权B.签订合同C.提供市场信息D.拥有产品的定价权3.哪种类型的企业购买决策过程最复杂？（B）p127A.直接再购买B.首次购买C.修正再购买D.互惠购买4.为了对付货币波动，当本国货币为软货币时，企业可以（A）p224A.进行价格竞争B.尽量用所在国货币开支C.在当地市场贷款扩大经营D.使用易货贸易5.根据竞争产品平均价格来确定企业的产品价格属于（A）p213A.随行就市定价法B.标准化定价法C.心理定价法D.成本加成定价法6.企业给销往各地市场的产品都制定统一的出厂价格，这是（A）p215A.标准化定价法B.多样化定价法;C.主动竞争定价法D.地心定价法7.以下哪项为服务产品的特点？（C）p173A.同质性B.不易消失性C.不可分割性D.有形性8.在欧盟，宝洁公司推出超浓缩的织物软化剂利诺（Lenor），以可重装的塑料袋销售，从而节省了包装材料的85%。

国际市场营销试题及答案

一、填空1．在众多环境因素中，文化环境正逐渐成为影响国际市场营销的核心因素。

2．国际收支平衡表的内容主要包括经常项目、资本项目、现金项目和错误和遗漏。

3．将牙膏细分为牙齿洁白、防龋、口腔清新芳香三个子市场，这是牙膏生产企业按消费者所追求的利益这个行为变数划分的。

4．产品生命周期的四个阶段导入期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期。

二、单选１．在产品生命周期的投入期，企业营销策略的目标一般为（A ）A．扩大市场B．市场渗透C．巩固市场占有率D．创立名牌２．（B ）是定价的上限，（）是定价的下限A．利润、经验B．需求、成本C．经验、收益D．变动成本、固定成本３．某公司继成功推出“白猫”洗衣粉后，又相继推出“白猫”丝毛洗涤剂和“白猫”喷洁净等产品，这种品种属于（B ）。

A．品牌质量决策B．品牌拓展决策C．复式品牌决策D．品牌重新定位决策４．通过转移产地，将公司的生产专业化分工扩展到国外，以实行生产的国际化配置，这种国外投资类型属于（ B ）。

A．资源寻求型B．市场寻求型C．成本寻求型D．机会寻求型５．国际贸易与国际营销的相同之处是（D ）A．市场调研B．产品开发C．促销D．实体分销６．一国人口增长，意味着该国市场规模（ A ）A．扩大B．不变C．缩小D．不一定扩大７．由于教育水平的差异，导致各国居民对（ A ）A．同一消费品偏好不同B．同一消费品偏好相同C．相同产品接受程度不同D．产品接受程度无影响８．营销学将国际市场上存在着的，有利于企业发挥竞争优势的未被满足的需求称为（ A ）A．营销机会B．投资机会C．环境机会D．现实机会９．目标市场是指（ B ）A．产品销售的地区B．产品销售的顾客群C．产品销售的渠道D．产品的销售目标1０．差异性营销的主要缺点是（ A ）A．成本较高B．风险较大C．针对性较弱D．资源浪费1１．某公司继成功推出“白猫”洗衣粉后，又相继推出“白猫”丝毛洗涤剂和“白猫”喷洁净等产品，这种品种属于（B ）A．品牌质量决策B．品牌拓展决策C．复式品牌决策D．品牌重新定位决策1２．邮电服务作为一种特殊商品，其交换形式属于（ A ）A．有形提供，无形消费B．无形提供，有形消费C．有形提供，有形消费D．二次提供，多次消费三、判断1．市场细分对一般企业而言是微观细分，对国际企业来说是宏观细分的过程。

国际市场营销学课后习题答案

国际市场营销学课后习题答案1、国际市场营销学：是一门研究以国外顾客需求为中心、从事国际市场营销活动的国际企业经营管理的科学。

2、国际市场营销学与市场营销学、国际贸易学的区别与联系是什么？答：国际市场营销学与市场营销学的关系与区别联系：①理论基础相同②经营理念相同③市场边界的扩大区别：①国际市场环境更加复杂②国际市场营销面对更多不确定因素③国际市场营销方案更多样化④国际市场营销的难度更大国际市场营销与国际贸易的联系与区别联系：①国际贸易是国际市场营销的先导。

②企业的国际市场营销是国际贸易的一部分。

区别：①经营主体不同②商品的流通形态不同③经营动力或行为动机不同④评价经济效益的信息来源不同⑤国际市场营销活动的作业流程比国际贸易更加复杂3、企业开展国际市场营销的动因是什么？答：⑴国内市场竞争激烈，利润微薄促使企业走向国际市场⑵企业走向国际市场以延长其产品的生命周期⑶国际市场需求潜力大、机会多⑷对低成本的追求⑸对东道国丰富和廉价资源的吸引⑹本国政府的支持和鼓励⑺东道国市场环境和基础设施条件的吸引4、国际市场营销的发展过程是什么？答：⑴国内营销阶段⑵出口营销阶段⑶国际市场营销阶段5、国际市场的研究内容有哪些？答：研究对象：国际市场需求、国际市场营销活动、国际市场营销规律研究内容：国际市场营销环境、国际市场的选择、国际市场的调研、国际市场营销规划与组织、国际市场营销信息系、国际市场营销策略、国际市场竞争战略。

第二章1、国际政治环境：是指东道国直接或间接影响和制约国际市场营销的各种政治因素的集合，其内容主要涉及政府与政党体制、政府政策和政治风险。

2、国际法律环境：影响国际企业开展国际市场营销活动的法律主要有国内法律国际法律和东道国法律构成了国际法律环境。

3、如何评估国际政治环境？答：⑴专家调查法⑵实地考察法⑶利用驻外专家调查法⑷利用国际咨询机构法⑸政治体制稳定指数（PSSI）法4、采取什么措施以防范国际政治风险？答：⑴回避策略⑵保险策略⑶当地化策略⑷建立合资企业策略⑸树立良好的企业形象策略⑹积极参与东道国经济建设策略5、国际商务争端的解决途径有哪些？答：（1）协商：是指在发生商务争端之后，各方当事人约定在自愿互谅互让、相互妥协的基础上，依据相关法律和合同条款的规定，达成各方都能接受的解决方案。

国际市场营销试题及答案

国际市场营销试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共10分）1. 国际市场营销的核心是（）。

A. 产品B. 价格C. 促销D. 市场调研答案：D2. 以下哪项不是国际市场细分的依据？（）A. 地理位置B. 人口统计C. 心理特征D. 产品成本答案：D3. 国际市场营销中，产品生命周期理论的主要目的是（）。

A. 预测产品销售B. 制定产品策略C. 计算产品成本D. 确定产品定价答案：B4. 出口营销属于国际市场营销的哪个阶段？（）A. 国际市场进入B. 国际市场扩张C. 国际市场维护D. 国际市场退出5. 以下哪种支付方式不属于国际贸易常用的支付方式？（）A. 信用证B. 托收C. 现金支付D. 汇票答案：C二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）1. 国际市场营销的宏观环境包括（）。

A. 经济环境B. 政治法律环境C. 社会文化环境D. 技术环境E. 竞争环境答案：ABCD2. 国际市场营销中，以下哪些因素会影响产品定价？（）A. 成本B. 竞争C. 目标市场D. 营销渠道E. 促销活动答案：ABCD3. 国际市场营销中，市场进入策略包括（）。

A. 出口B. 特许经营C. 直接投资D. 合资答案：ABCDE4. 国际市场营销中，以下哪些因素可能影响促销策略？（）A. 目标市场文化B. 产品特性C. 竞争对手的促销活动D. 法律法规限制E. 消费者购买习惯答案：ABCDE5. 国际市场营销中，以下哪些是市场调研的主要内容？（）A. 消费者行为B. 竞争对手分析C. 市场规模D. 市场趋势E. 法律法规答案：ABCDE三、判断题（每题1分，共5分）1. 国际市场营销与国内市场营销在策略上没有区别。

（）答案：错误2. 国际市场细分可以帮助企业更有效地定位目标市场。

（）答案：正确3. 国际市场营销中，产品生命周期理论不适用于新产品。

（）答案：错误4. 国际市场营销中，出口营销是风险最低的市场进入方式。

（）答案：正确5. 国际市场营销中，促销策略可以完全照搬国内市场。

(完整版)《国际市场营销》试题及答案

《国际市场营销》试题及答案第一套题 A卷(答案已验证)★单选题：BDDDA/ACADD1．“酒香不怕巷子深”反映的营销观念是 A、生产观念 B、产品观念 C、推销观念 D、社会营销观念2．强调企业要与顾客、经销商创造更亲密的工作关系和相互依赖的营销观念是 A、推销观念 B、市场营销观念 C、社会营销观念 D、关系营销观念3．下列哪部分收入是国际消费需求变化中最活跃的因素 A、该国国民收入 B、该国人均国民收入 C、该国个人可支配收入 D、该国个人可任意支配收入4．市场定位的4C不包括下面哪个因素 A、客户 B、销售渠道 C、竞争 D、环境5．在进入某一国家的市场之前，必须首先考虑其 A、政治是否稳定 B、市场是否足够大 C、科技是否发达 D、基础设施是否齐全6．具有共同目标或兴趣的两个或两个以上的人联结而成的群体被称为 A、群体 B、参考群体 C、向往群体 D、厌恶群体7．一个人推崇效仿的，期望成为其中一员或与之交往并受其影响的群体被称为 A、群体 B、参考群体 C、向往群体 D、厌恶群体8．人们确信的对某种事物的看法和评价被称为 A、信念 B、学习 C、气质 D、个性9．下列哪个因素对组织购买行为基本不产生影响 A、环境因素 B、组织因素 C、个人因素 D、生产因素10．下面对国际市场营销环境特点的叙述错误的是 A、客观性 B、差异性 C、相关性 D、静态性★多选题：>ABCD/ BDE/ ABCDE/ ADE/ ABCE//ABD/ ABCD/ ABCDE/ ABC/ ABCD1．下列对国际市场生产者市场特点的叙述正确的是 A、购买者地理分布相对集中，购买者较少但购买量较大 B、属于派生需求 C、属于理性需求 D、一般属于全球采购 E、需求富有价格弹性2．以顾客为中心的观念主要有 A、生产观念 B、产品观念 C、推销观念 D、市场营销观念 E、社会营销观念3．企业在开展国际市场营销活动时要发挥主观能动性，必须做到 A、从积极主动的角度出发，能动地去适应国际营销环境 B、以各种不同的方式增强适应国际环境的能力，避免来自国际营销环境的威胁 C、在变化的环境中寻找自己的新机会，并可能在一定的条件下转变环境因素 D、努力去影响和改变营销环境，为企业创造一个更有利的活动空间 E、努力使营销活动与国际营销环境取得有效适应4．人口对市场规模大小的影响主要表现在 A、人口总量是决定市场规模和潜力的一个基本要素 B、人口增长率不是预测市场前景的一个重要指标 C、人口分布状况对产品需求、促销方式、分销渠道都不会产生影响 D、人口年龄结构、性别结构影响着市场的需求结构 E、家庭结构影响着产品的设计与包装5．下列关于供应商的叙述正确的是 A、供应商是影响企业营销的微观环境的重要因素之一 B、供应商是指企业及其竞争者提供生产产品和服务所需资源的企业或个人 C、供应商影响供货的稳定性与及时性 D、企业在寻找和选择供应商时，不会充分考虑供应商的资信情况 E、企业必须使自己的供应商多样化6．技术革命特别是信息技术发展对国际营销的影响主要表现在 A、因特网已经成为国际营销中满足消费者需求最具魅力的营销工具 B、可以有效降低国际交易的费用和交易风险 C、不利用技术革命对产品实施技术创新 D、随着技术的发展，时间成为决定产品策略成败的关键 E、不会影响着国际市场的竞争的内容7．通常状况下影响国际组织市场购买行为的主要因素有 A、国际环境因素 B、组织本身的因素 C、组织人际因素 D、个人因素 E、非个人因素8．人们在一项购买决策过程中可能充当如下角色 A、发起者 B、影响者 C、决策者 D、购买者 E、使用者9．下面对国际生产者市场特点的叙述正确的是 A、非最终消费产品 B、技术性强 C、批量采购 D、最终消费产品 E、技术性不强10．消费者市场具有如下特点 A、发展性 B、多层次性 C、可诱导性 D、复杂多变性 E、替代性★是非题：>NNYYN/YYYNY1．以市场营销观念作为企业营销活动的指导思想就要求企业放弃赢利目标。

国际市场营销学

一、单项选择题（共20题）1.（）适用于对目标市场国政治风险的初步判断。

A.专家调查法B.实地考察法C.政治体制稳定指数法D.利用国际咨询机构法【正确答案】C【您的答案】C 【答案正确】【答案解析】政治体制稳定指数(PSSI)法主要分析客观因素，求出政治体制稳定指数，在此基础上作出判断。

该模型适用于对目标市场国政治风险的初步判断。

参见教材P79。

2.各国出口管制的宽严水平是不同的，（）是世界上出口管制最严、最广泛的国家。

A.中国B.日本C.美国D.俄罗斯【正确答案】C【您的答案】C 【答案正确】【答案解析】美国是世界上出口管制最严、最广泛的国家，这与美国技术最先进、妄想长久称霸世界有关。

参见教材P73。

3.企业开展市场营销活动时，把整个世界市场作为一个统一市场，采用单一的营销战略作指导，制定和实施产品战略、定价战略、分销战略和促销战略，以实现预期的营销目标，这是（）。

A.国内营销B.多国营销C.出口营销D.全球营销【正确答案】D【您的答案】D 【答案正确】【答案解析】企业开展市场营销活动时，把整个世界市场作为一个统一市场，采用单一的营销战略作指导，制定和实施产品战略、定价战略、分销战略和促销战略，以实现预期的营销目标，这就是全球营销。

参见教材P60。

4.（）又称大陆法系，来源于古罗马。

A.习惯法系B.成文法系C.神权法系D.宗教法系【正确答案】B【您的答案】B 【答案正确】【答案解析】成文法系又称大陆法系，来源于古罗马。

参见教材P85。

5.（）是指东道国政府以给予一定限度的经济补偿为条件，将外国企业的资产收归国有。

A.征用B.没收C.国有化D.本国化【正确答案】A【您的答案】A 【答案正确】【答案解析】征用是指东道国政府以给予一定限度的经济补偿为条件，将外国企业的资产收归国有。

参见教材P71。

6.（）是开展国际营销的主力军。

A.个人B.政府C.跨国公司D.外资企业【正确答案】C【您的答案】C 【答案正确】【答案解析】跨国公司是开展国际营销的主力军，他们在东道国设立公司和分支机构，利用当地的资源就地生产，就近销售其产品，也返销一部分产品到母国市场。

《国际市场营销》习题参考答案

国际市场习题参考答案2021年2月10日学习情境一走进国际市场营销 (3)学习情境二分析国际营销环境 (6)学习情境三组织国际营销调研 (12)学习情境四进行国际市场定位 (16)学习情境五制定国际营销产品策略 (21)学习情境六制定国际营销价格策略 (25)学习情境七实施国际分销策略 (28)学习情境八实施国际促销策略 (32)学习情境九国际市场营销组织与控制 (35)参考答案学习情境一走进国际市场营销一、简述题1.试区分国内市场营销、国际贸易与国际市场营销。

答：（1）国际市场营销与国际贸易的主要区别是：角度不同，范围不同，流向不同，对象不同。

（2）国际市场营销与国内市场营销相比，除了跨国性、异国性、多国性以外，更有复杂性、风险性、激烈性的特征。

2.试讨论国际市场营销学发展的不同阶段。

答：企业国际市场营销的发展同世界经济一体化及本国市场经济的发展是紧密相连的，其发展演变经历了一个过程，即国内市场营销一出口营销一国际巾场营销一多国营销一全球营销。

从现实看，众多国家的企业仍处于国际市场营销阶段，少数发达国家的跨国公司已进入全球营销阶段。

3.试述几种国际市场营销观念的区别。

答：在西方国家企业的营销活动中，先后出现了五种营销观念，即生产观念、产品观念、推销观念、市场营销观念和社会市场营销观念。

在市场国际化、全球化、竞争激烈化的发展形势下，国际市场营销新观念也应运而生。

（1）生产观念：生产观念是以产品生产为中心的观念。

（2）产品观念：产品观念也是以产品生产为中心，但它认为：消费者并不是仅关注买得到和买得起的产品，更欢迎那些质量高、性能好、有特色、价格合理的产品。

（3）销售观念。

销售观念是一种以产品销售为中心的观念。

它认为：只要企业努力做好产品推销，消费者就会购买。

（4）市场营销观念。

市场营销观念是一种以消费者的需求为中心的经营思想。

它认为企业的一切活动都应以消费者中心，满足消费者的需求是企业的责任。

（5）社会营销观念。

国际市场营销知到章节答案智慧树2023年吉林财经大学

国际市场营销知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新吉林财经大学第一章测试1.国内市场营销是国际市场营销的延伸。

（）参考答案:错2.多国市场观念强调海外市场的差异性和海外业务的重要性。

（）参考答案:对3.经济全球化是指世界经济活动超越国界，相互联系、相互依存而形成的有机经济整体的过程。

（）参考答案:对4.国际市场营销与国际贸易的差异不包括（）。

参考答案:目的不同5.国内市场延伸观念反映的思想导向（）。

参考答案:本国中心思想导向6.（）应深化区域合作交流，加快推进平台机制创新，不断提升综合服务功能。

参考答案:政府7.国内市场营销和国际市场营销的差异点有（）。

参考答案:多国协调和控制;营销环境;可控因素8.国际市场营销观念主要有（）。

参考答案:多国市场观念;全球营销观念;国内市场延伸观念9.经济全球化，使得多数国家经济利益相互交织，可以（）。

参考答案:减少了贸易壁垒;外国企业更容易进入本国市场;增加企业全球化经营的可能性;取消对外商直接投资的限制10.中国企业国际化经营的现状（）。

参考答案:跨文化经营能力仍需提升;国际市场营销观念还需提升;对国际市场缺乏深入研究第二章测试1.市场机会是指由环境变化造成的对企业国际市场营销活动有吸引力和利益空间的领域。

（）参考答案:对2.环境威胁是指环境中有利于企业营销及其发展的因素，对企业形成挑战。

（）参考答案:错3.政治风险的测量方法需要多种方法结合使用，不能单独使用。

（）参考答案:错4.以下哪种国际市场环境分析方法是指获取和利用外部环境中有关事件信息、趋势信息和关系信息的行为，以协助企业的高级管理者制订其未来行动的计划。

（）参考答案:环境扫描法5.行使审判权和检察权的政府机构是（）。

参考答案:司法机构6.国际商务活动中各方当事人之间发生争议，争端双方要求第三方调解分歧，从而达成一致协议，属于哪种解决国际争端的方法（）。

参考答案:调解7.国际市场营销环境主要包括（）。

国际市场营销习题答案

Answer the foll owing questions based on your case study:1\ Describe the difference between ethnocentric【本国中心主义】, polycentric【多国中心主义】, regiocentric【地区中心】, and geocentric【全球中心】management orientations. 说明本国中心主义、多国中心主义、地区中心和全球中心的管理取向/经营方向的区别Ethnocentric：Home country is Superior, sees Similarities in foreign Countries Polycentric: Each host country Is Unique, sees differences In foreign countries Regiocentric: Sees similarities and differences in a worl d Region; is ethnocentric or polycentric in its view of the rest of the worldGeocentric:World view, sees Similarities and Differences in home And host countries2\ What are the basic reasons of gl obal marketing? What , in your view, what are the key reasons of your company? Briefly introduction your com pany’s gl obal marketing performance and result.。

2 什么是全球市场营销的根本原因？什么，在您看来，贵公司的关键原因是什么？简要介绍贵公司的全球市场的表现和结果。

国际市场营销答案

国际市场营销试题及答案

国际市场营销学习题及答案

国际市场营销学试题及答案

国际市场营销学试题及答案

国际市场营销课后答案internationalmarketingplanessayque

国际市场营销学课后答案

自考国际市场营销简答题答案

国际市场营销 全球营销学每章课后习题答案

国际市场营销考试 选择题45题 附答案

国际市场营销复习题答案

(完整版)《国际市场营销学》课后习题答案

国际市场营销真题及答案

国际市场营销试题及答案

国际市场营销学课后习题答案

国际市场营销试题及答案

(完整版)《国际市场营销》试题及答案

国际市场营销学

《国际市场营销》习题参考答案

国际市场营销知到章节答案智慧树2023年吉林财经大学

国际市场营销 习题答案

国际市场营销全球营销学每章课后习题答案

国际市场营销考试选择题45题附答案

国际市场营销习题答案