管理学 学习指导书答案

MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING, THE BUSINESS

ORGANIZATION,

AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

TRUE/FALSE:

True

True

True

False

True

False

True

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. [d]

2. [b]

3. [d]

4. [c]

5. [a]

6. [c]

7. [e]

8. [c]

9. [b] 10. [c] 11. [c] 12. [b]13. [e] 14. [c] 15. [c] 16. [d]

INTRODUCTION TO COST BEHAVIOR AND COST-VOLUME

RELATIONSHIPS

TRUE/FALSE:

False

False

True

True

False

False

False

True

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. [d]

2. [c]

3. [e]

4. [d]

5. [b]The CM per unit must be computed. In this case, it is

$300 ($500,000 - $200,000)/1000 tables. Dividing the

$60,000 fixed expenses by the $300 per unit CM gives 200

sets.

6. [b]Either multiplying the unit BEP by the unit selling price or by

dividing the fixed expenses by the CM ratio. Using the first

method, 200 tables multiplied by a price of $500 per table

gives $100,000 of sales to break even. With the second

method, $60,000 of fixed expenses divided by .60 ($300,000

CM/$500,000 Sales) also yields $100,000 to break even. 7. [d] 8. [d]

9. [d]Add the before-tax desired profit to the fixed expenses and

divide the result by the CM per unit. In this case, $2,150,000

+ $2,000,000 = $4,150,000 / ($3,500,000 / 1,500,000 cases)

gives 1,778,572 cases.

10. [b]Divide the sum of the target before-tax income and the fixed

expenses by the CM percentage. In this case that is

$6,000,000 [$4,000,000 + $2,000,000] divided by .7777

[$3,500,000/$4,500,000] = $7,714,287.

11. [a] 12. [a]

13. [d]The CM ratios for the two products are 62.5% for A and

44.4% for B. When the sales mix shifts to products with

lower CM ratios, profits decrease.

14. [b]

15. [d]To solve this problem it is necessary to convert the after-tax

income desired to the before-tax income necessary.

Dividing $2,000,000 by .70 (1 - tax rate) gives $2,857,143 in

before-tax income required. Adding this to the $2,000,000

in fixed expenses yields a required contribution margin of

$4,857,143. Using the data provided for 1,500,000 cases,

the selling price per case is $3.00 and the variable expenses

per case are $0.667. This gives a CM per unit of $2.33,

which can be divided into the $4,857,143 total contribution

margin to give 2,081,633 cases.

16. [d]

CHAPTER 3

MEASUREMENT OF COST BEHAVIOR

TRUE/FALSE:

True

False

True

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. [b]

2. [b]

3. [d]

4. [d]

5. [a]

6. [b]

7. [f]

8. [e]

9. [d]In order to answer this problem, the costs must first be

classified as fixed or variable in relation to the cost driver. In

this case, the supervisor's salary ($6,000 per month) and the

equipment depreciation and rental ($7,210 per month) are

fixed, while the remaining costs ($44,098) vary with the

number of meals served. Dividing the variable costs by the

number of meals served gives $3.551 per meal, and the

department's cost function is $13,200 + $3.551 per meal. 10. [d]The data for January and August are used since 8,800 is

the low level of activity for the data set and 12,211 is the high

level of meals served. Subtracting the cost for the low

activity level from the cost at the high activity level gives

$12,082 ($43,882 - $31,800). Dividing this by the difference

in the activity levels of 3,411 meals (12,211 - 8,800) gives a

rate of $3.542 per meal.

11. [a]Using the variable cost per meal found above of $3.542

and the low level of activity of 8,800 meals, the variable cost

at that activity level is $31,170. Since the total cost of

operating the cafeteria when 8,800 meals were served is

$31,800, $630 is the estimate of fixed costs ($31,800 -

$31,170). The variable cost per meal could also be

multiplied by the high-activity level 12,211 to get $43,252,

which can be deducted from the total cost at that level of

$43,882 to also arrive at the estimate of fixed costs of $630.

12. [a]This answer is constructed using the elements found in

answering questions 10 and 11.

13. [a]The estimate of the fixed cost is given by the constant

($6,422.79) and the estimate of the variable cost is given by

the X coefficient ($4.263771). In this case, the changes in