非谓语新讲义
高中英语非谓语讲义
作宾语用的不定式结构之前还可以带有疑问词。 eg.Have you decided when to go? eg.The little girl forgot what to say. eg.I don’t know which to choose. 这种结构还可以在句中作直接宾语。
不定式的形式
时态
语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
主动 被动
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
3.不定式结构
不定式常常带有自己的宾语，宾语+宾语补足 语或状语，带有这些成分的不定式统称为“不 定式结构”。
eg.He began to study Russian. eg.He wanted to send me a gift. eg.He began to feel sad.
不定式作主语通常的用法是在主语的位置上 放个“it”, 而把作主语的不定式结构后置。 因此，以上四个句子可以分别改为：
•It is our duty to give good service. •It is necessary to clean the room once a week. •It is very important to develop agriculture.
eg.His suggestion was to make a fire.
eg.What he would say was to call a meeting.
非谓语动词讲义 (1)
非谓语动词●谓语动词：能直接作谓语的动词叫谓语动词●非谓语动词：不能单独作句子的谓语，不受句子主语的人称和数的限制，而是担任句子其他语法功能的动词，叫非谓语动词。
●非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式，动词现在分词（动名词）和动词过去分词一、动词不定式1. 动词不定式的形成：1）to+doe.g.1. He wants to be a doctor.2. To pass the college entrance exam, we must study hard.3. I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.5. She asked to be sent to work in the countryside.6. He was the only man to have been praised at the meeting.Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.The two men pretended to working hard.2. 不定式的句法功能：在句中不定式可作主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，和状语。
1)作主语To make a living in the big city is not easy.为了句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻常采用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语不定式置于句末。
It is not easy to make a living in the big city.It is impossible to buy a car for her young son.= To buy a car for her young son is impossible.2)作宾语不定式做及物动词的宾语。
非谓语讲义(含答案)
非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的用法和要点：•非谓语动词的三种形式(不定式, 动名词和分词)、各种变化和否定式；•动词不定式和动名词的复合结构、疑问词加动词不定式、分词的独立结构复习要点：动词不定式( to do )：1.2.作用：1)作主语：To make him change his mind is not easy.2)作宾语：I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.3)作宾语补足语：I asked him to repeat the question.4)作定语：He has something interesting to do5)作状语：He ran all the way in order to catch the bus.6)作表语：Her job is to teach kids.注意要点：II. 动名词：1. 形式：2作用；1)作主语：Helen's being late for school made me annoyed.2)作宾语：My sister practises playing the piano every day.3) 作定语：The sleeping car is quite comfortable.4) 作表语：His job is teaching English.注意要点：非谓语动词二III. 分词1形式：分词可分现在分词和过去分词，但按时间和语态又可分为以下五种，各表示不同的意思：2. 作用：1)作定语：The lady carrying a suitcase is Ms Wang.2)作状语；时间状语, 原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语3)作表语：The story is touching.The window is broken.4)作宾语补足语：I found a man sitting in his car.He had the car mended.注意要点：对下列句子做相应的转变：The –ing Participle as Adverbial1.Hearing the good news, we were very glad. (time )e.g. After we heard the good news, we were very glad.2.Being a child, he could not understand it.(reason)As he was a child, he…3.Not knowing that a storm was coming, I went out.(reason)As I did not know that a storm was coming, I…4.Working hard, you will succeed.(condition)If you work hard, …5.He stood there, reading the wall-newspaper. ( accompaniment)He stood there and read the wall-newspaper.--ed participlepared with John’s, your composition this time is not so good.( reason)If your composition is compared with John’s, yours this time is not so good.7.Given time, I’ll revise it and have it typed.( time, condition)If I am given time, I’ll…8.Badly polluted, the water can not be drunk.( reason)As the water is badly polluted, it can not be drunk.9.They looked at each other, troubled. ( accompaniment)They looked at each other and they are troubled.10.As he was an old friend of mine, he told me his own experience in English studies.Being an old friend of mine, …11.If you turn right at the traffic lights, you will see the tall building.Turning right at the traffic lights, you…12.A car accident happened yesterday evening and killed three people.…, killing three people.13.When I opened the door, I saw nobody in the room.Opening the door, I saw nobody….14.Since he does not know how to say it, he made a terrible mistake.Not knowing how to sa y it, he…15.The old woman sat in an easy chair. She listened to the music.…, listening to the music.16.We take off our shoes and walk quietly along the passage.Taking off our shoes, we walk quietly along the passage.17. He is busy because he is preparing a speech.He is busy preparing a speech.18. The children came into the hall. They sang and danced.…, singing and dancing.19. He held the rope with one hand and helped the child with the other.Holding the rope with one hand, he helped the child with the other.20. When water is heated, it changes into steam.Heated, water changes into steam.21. As the child was treated in time, he was saved.Treated in time, the child was saved.22. If she is given time, she will be a good singer.Given time, she will be a good singer.23. When it is compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.Compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.24. As those soldiers were badly wounded, they were taken to the field-hospital.Badly wounded, those soldiers were taken to the field hospital.25. As they were tired out by a day’s hard work, they went to bed early.Tired out by a day’s hard work, hey went to bed early.26. When the balloon was blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.Blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.27. They came back and they were feeling excited.They came back, feeling excited/ excited.06高考试题1．______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (06, 全国)A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising2. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06, 浙)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared3. ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06, 福)A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed4. There have been several new events _______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.( 06 北)A. addB. to addC. addingD. addedKey: B C B D✧现在分词和过去分词在形式上的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做表语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做宾补的的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别固定形式课后测试题1、Finding her car stolen, ____A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help2、Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in3、I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time4、Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure5、Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything.A. to tell to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told。
非谓语动词使用讲义
1。 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式:出乎意料的结果
I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.
Please lend me a pen to write th。
②be+adj.+to do
The question is not easy to answer。
不定式与疑问代词连用时
School uniforms are not cool enough, so students don’t know what to expect.
To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语）
You should continue to learn as long as you live。 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings。 她晚上经常有很多会要开。（不定式短语作定语)
There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。
如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式.
There is nothing for me to do today。
4。只接不定式作宾语的动词：hope,want，offer，long，fail，expect,wish，ask,decide，pretend,manage，agree,afford，determine，promise，happen
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
4．（1）若提示词为动词，句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，就该填谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
（2）若提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，就该填非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。
一般来说，v.－ing 形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。
不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的用法1．作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：我们一致同意在校门口见面。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的三种形式：动词不定式（to + V）；动名词（Ving）;分词（即：现在分词—ing分词和过去分词—ed分词）1.1 不定式的形式（以do为例）1.2Ving的形式（以do为例）注：--ing分词的形式与之相同1.3过去分词表示“完成和被动”，所以—ed分词没有一般式和完成式之分，和主动态和被动态之分。
1.4 –ing分词和—ed分词的区别–ing分词作定语时和所修饰的名词之间是主动关系或是表示正在进行；—ed分词而则表示被动和完成意义。
2.非谓语动词的应用范围3. 非谓语动词充当主语3.1 inf表示具体的某一次动作；Ving表示泛指。
4.非谓语动词充当宾语4.1 只能接不定式的词语（作宾语）：agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, except, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, pretend，advise, refuse, persuade, count on, long for, wait for等4.2 只能接Ving的词语（作宾语）：admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape,deny, delay, resist, risk, mind, miss等4.3 跟两种不同形式表达不同意思的一些常见词4.4 省略不定式符号to的情况4.4.1.在情态成语之后（would rather; would sooner; would as soon;would just as soon; can’t help/choose but【不得不…】；had better等）4.4.2“使役动词+宾语”之后（let, make have）4.4.3.“感觉动词+宾语”之后（see , observe, notice, watch, look at;hear, listen to; feel）即“五看两听一感觉”4.4.4.在介词except/but之后它们之前有实意动词“do”的某种形式，其后不带“to”的定式，否则要带“to”的不定式。
非谓语动词----语法讲解(新)课件
(宾语)
I don’t know whether to accept the invitation or not.
如何解决这个问题很重要。
(主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。
(表语)
My question is when to start.
He was made to do his work by me. See sb do sth --- sb be seen to do
He was seen ___ from the tree and get hurt. A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
无
完成进行式
to have been doing 无
.
15
(1).They pretended not to see us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
It takes sb +time to do.
.
5
巩固练习1
1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
It is not good for you to smoke.
2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。
It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.
3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。
It only took two years to complete the project.
非谓语讲义
非谓语动词讲义一、非谓语动词定义在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫作非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词形式及其功能非谓语动词有3种形式：动词不定式，动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词）。
三．根据语法功能看非谓语动词的用法（一）作主语懂一点英语是一回事，掌握英语完全是另一回事。
通常用it做形式主语1.It + be + adj. + to do It’s important for us to learn English.2.It + be + n. + to do It’s a shame to behave like that.3.It + v. + (宾语) + to do It takes an exceptional teacher to cope with a student like that.4.It + be + prep. phr. + to do It is not within my power to answer the question.通常用it做形式主语1.It’s +adj. +doing It’s useless arguing about that.2.It’s + n. + doing It’s no use/no good arguing about that.3.There is后有时可以跟动名词做主语There is no denying that he is bad-tempered.动名词：表示客观性、一般性行为不定式：表示一次性、具体性行为（见ppt）（二）作宾语决心学会想希望，decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish,拒绝设法愿假装。
refuse, manage, care, pretend主动应答选计划，offer, promise, choose, plan同意请求帮一帮。
非谓语动词用法讲义(精)
非谓语动词用法讲义第一部分: 非谓语动词用法详解一、不定式的用法1. 不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式被动式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing /完成进行式to have been doing /1) 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2) 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
3) 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. 你真好，这些天一直帮我们。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词◆定义：非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式（to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)、动名词(doing)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
◆不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
（1）.动词不定式可担任主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语，状语等。
（2.）动名词可担任主语，表语，宾语，定语等。
（3）.现在分词和过去分词可担任定语，表语，宾补，状语等。
◆非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有谓语动词2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，判断非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.1. ___ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A. Don‟t knowB. not to knowC. not knowingD. not to be knowing2. The next morning she found the man __in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layying3. He had his leg __in the match yesterday.A. to breakB. brokenC. breakD. breaking4. Most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. Do you know the boy ___under the tree?yB. lainC. layingD. lying6. ---Good morning. Can I help you?-----I …d like to have this package ___A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed7._____more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD. Having given8. The murderer was brought in, with his hand ___behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied9. The secretary worked late into the night ,___a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing10. S he‟s upstairs ____ a letter.A. writesB. is writingC. writeD. writing11. It was so cold that they kept the fire ___all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn‟t make himself ___A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard13. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received14. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing15. “C an‟t you read ?” she said ____to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing16. The missing boys were seen ____near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC.playD. to play运用非谓语进行翻译1. 增加农民的收入是我们现在面临的主要问题之一。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词一、定义二、形式：不定式、动名词、分词三、非谓语所作成分：主、宾、定、状、补(表)（一）定语1. 不定式---将来（to do/ to be done)（1）to do①与the first/next/only/last连用She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)③ “有...要... ”用主动表被动.I have a lot of things to do today.Have you got anything to say at the meeting?（2）to be done表将要被Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.The meeting to be held next week is really important.2.分词（1）doing---主动进行Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.（2）done---被动、完成He is a student loved by all the teachers.The material discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.（3）being done---正在被The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.The meeting being held is really important.辨析：done, being done, to be done（表被动的后置定语）A building ________ (build) last year is our library.A building ________ (build) now is our library.A building ________ (build) next year is our library.小试牛刀1.The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most excellent building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed2. Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. satB. sitC. to sitD. sitting3. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down4. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced5. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding6. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completeB. to completeC. completedD. completing（二）状语1．不定式(1)to do作目的状语: in order to do / so as to doHe got up early in order to catch the first bus.To get a good result, she worked very hard.He went to France to learn French.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．作结果状语: only to do / have no choice but to do/ can do nothing but do/ too...to/adj.+enough to doHe hurried to the station only to find the train gone.We have no choice but to wait.He wants to do nothing but play computer games.His family was too poor to support him．He is old enough to go to school.作原因状语: 表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。
非谓语动词讲义-新
第一部分：识记知识I love you.主语是____________,谓语是_____________,宾语是_______________.I hate my homework. 主语是____________,谓语是_____________,宾语是_______________.I hate doing my homework. 翻译成中文：_________________________________________此时中文中主语是____________,谓语是___________和_______________,宾语是_______________.相对应的英文中的主语是____________,谓语是__________和___________,宾语是_______________.这里我们发现有两个谓语动词，一个是hate,一个是doing.哪一个是真正的谓语动词？_____________所谓真正的谓语意味着跟随句子的主语，时态，单复数变化而变化。
翻译：他过去讨厌做作业。
_________________________________________________________________从这里可以看到，有变化的是：____________.而不是____________.说明这里真正的谓语动词是___________ 那么doing这个词是不是动词呢？_____________ 可惜的是在这个句子中它不是真正的谓语动词。
所以doing在这里叫非谓语动词。
表示他现在讨厌做作业。
He hates doing his homework.表示他过去讨厌做作业。
He hated doing his homework.表示他将来讨厌做作业。
He will hate doing his homework.Doing不随句子中的主语,时态变化，说明它是非谓语动词。
中考考非谓语动词，无非为以下这些词组：请大家试着填一填：（请划出每一个词组中的非谓语动词）remember to do forget to do stop to do remember doing forget doing stop doinggo on to do see sb do hear sb dogo on doing see sb doing hear sb doing练习做某事______________________________ 忙于做某事___________________________________值得做某事______________________________ 完成做某事__________________________________(两个词组) 要某人做某事____________________________ 告诉某人去做某事____________________________鼓励某人做某事_________________________ 介意某人做某事______________________________让某人一直做某事_______________________ 想要某人做某事______________________________喜欢做A件事而不是做B件事_______________________________________________________________让某人做某事(三个单词)_____________________________________________________________________为什么不做某事____________________________ 为什么你不做_______________________________足够做某事_________________________________第二部分：进阶练习作为电子消费产品的巨头，IPHONE 6将于今年9月推出。
3.3非谓语讲义2(1)
英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种，非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，有着动词的其他特点，可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
二、非谓语动词的分类动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do 1．一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. It's nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。
2．进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
3．完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
概念：非谓语动词是指现在分词, 过去分词、不定式三种形式，即： V-ing , V-ed , to do 。
当然它们有各自不同的变化形式非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 后置定语 宾语补足语 状语 V-ing √ √ √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ to do√√√√√√非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语宾语补足语 状语 V-ing(动名词)√ √ √ √ V-ing （现在分词） √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ √ to do√√√√ √√一．动词不定式(to do)1.变形：to doto be doingto be doneto have doneto have been donea. 明天要来的那个人是我的老师。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词一．非谓语动词：动词的某种特殊形式，在句子中做除谓语外的其他成分。
分类：动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。
二．动词不定式：构成：to do。
否定形式：not to do .发生。
eg: I plan to live a busy life in high school.She seems to be unhappy.The computer needs to be repaired.完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
eg: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.The house seems to have been broken into.进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
eg: She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.He happened to be searching my bag when I came in.2.句法功能：(1)做主语：To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不如一见。
It is adj for/of sb to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是It is impossible for me to live alone in Beijing.It is not easy to find your way around the town.(2)做宾语：afford, agree, aim, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, want, wish, promise, happeneg: She has determined to be a leader.注: 如果不定式做宾语，且后面有宾补时，把不定式后置，用it来做形式宾语。
最新L1非谓语教学讲义PPT
Lesson One 非谓语动动词
1. 独立主格结构 p28
• Eg1. All flights _____________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but stay at the airport.
分词doing/done 伴随性
不定式to do 未发生
作定语 过去分词
被动/完成
现在分词
与主句谓语几乎同时发生
不定式to do 作宾语
动名词
固定结构
巩固练习： p42-44
• 1. D • be said to 据说… be reported to…据报道… be known to…众所周知… be believed to …确信…1qz be supposed to…应该… • 2. B
• Eg4: Professor Wang, _________ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.
• A. knowing • B. known • C. to be known • D. having known • 答案B
• A. Seen • B. Seeing • C. To see • D. Having seen • 答案A
• Eg2: ______ more time, she would certainly have done it much better.
• A. Given • B. To be given • C. Giving • D. To give • 答案A
• surprise (vt.) 使…惊讶
非谓语(讲义)-人教PEP版英语六年级下册
2024年小升初英语语法精讲非谓语动词一、定义：【考点精讲】顾名思义,非谓语动词就是指句子中不是谓语的动词。
非谓语动词通常以动名词、分词和不定式的形式出现,没有人称和数的变化。
非谓语动词【实战演练】判断下列划线部分动词是否为非谓语动词，是的话填T，不是的话填F。
( )1.He looks at the picture.( )2.I want to watch.( )3.My home told me to go to school early.( )4.The lion runs so fast.( )5.He likes swimming.二、分类。
【考点精讲】（一）动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为to+动词原形,有时也可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义。
动词不定式的否定形式是not+to+动词原形。
例:My father asked me not to read in bed.爸爸叫我不要在床上看书。
My teacher made me recite the text in class.老师让我在课堂上背课文。
2.常见的后跟不定式的动词绝大部分动词后面跟不定式,如：agree,ask,hope. decide,want,tell, would like等。
有部分动词后跟不定式要省略to,直接跟动词原形,如:let,make,have,help等。
例: He agreed to join us. 他答应加入我们。
My mother asks me to go to school on time. 妈妈叫我按时上学。
【实战演练】用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I hope (find) a good job in a foreign pany after I graduate from school.2. He found it hard (catch up with) his classmates.3. Father asks me (not play) puter games before finishing my homework.4. All the children like Mr White very much because he often makes them(laugh).5. Let him (have)a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.【考点精讲】（二）动名词1.动名词的构成:动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词宏观概念：（1）to do :将要做、未做、待做（2）doing:正在做、伴随状态,表示主动关系（3）Done:已经做完，表示被动关系不定式的功能〔除了谓语都能做〕1.不定式做主语：2.不定式做宾语：3.不定式做表语：.4.不定式做定语：.5.不定式做状语：6.不定式做宾语补足语：7.动名词的功能〔因为名贵，所以干的都是主要功能〕1.doing做主语：2.doing做宾语：3.doing做表语：4.doing做定语：5.doing做状语：〔一个主语发出两个动作，主要动作用谓语，次要动作用非谓语，主动用doing、被动用done〕6.doing做宾语补足语：7.现在分词的否认：8.现在分词的独立成分：9.现在分词的独立主格结构：〔两个主语发出两个动作，主要主语做的事情用谓语，次要主语做的事情用非谓语，把次要主要摆在前面，和后面的动词如果是主动关系用doing,被动关系用done〕Xiao ming beaten ,I cried.(独立主格，被动)Xiao ming beating a girl , I cried.(独立主格，主动)Beaten,I cried.(不是独立主格。
一个人做了两件事，次要动作用非谓语，被动) 10.现在分词的主动表被动：过去分词的功能〔因为是分身，所以干杂活〕1.过去分词做表语：〔一种表示被动一种表示状态或者感受〕Seat 及物动词，所以有被动sb be seated (可以说是被动，也可以说是一种状态) Sit 不及物动词，所以没有被动sb is sitting.Dress 是及物动词，dress sb =sb be dressed(可以表示被动，可以表示状态)He is dressing himself〔及物动词，必须挂着一个宾语〕He is dressed up 〔被动，be dressed ,up 是副词，表示起来；be dressed up 可以看做一个词组，表示状态，化装〕2.过去分词做定语：〔表示被动〕3.过去分词做状语：〔要么被动，要么状态〕4.过去分词做宾语补足语：Have 的用法让某人做某事让某人一直做某事让别人人做某事，某事被做。
非谓语新讲义
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：课题非谓语动词教学目标让学生掌握非谓语动词的用法重点、难点非谓语动词做状语的用法及其之间不同用法的比较考点及考试要求准确判断何时使用非谓语动词；正确使用非谓语动词形式教学内容非谓语动词顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的一种动词形式，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即：to do, doing和done, 。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：不定式to do有to be done（被动式）; to be doing（进行式）to have done （完成式）；动名词doing :有having done（完成式）; being don e（被动式）现在分词doing : 有being done（被动式）; having done （完成式）; having been d one （完成被动式）；;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式1. 不定式的构成与特征动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，一般由“to＋动词原形”构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留着动词的一些特征，可以带宾语或状语。
例如：At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles. 在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人，使全亚洲人兴奋不已。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)DA. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade4）作宾语补足语It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication.这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。
We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。
I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。
注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。
下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。
”能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。
【透视高考题】1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) BA. to makeB. to be madeC. to have been madeD. to be making2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) AA .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) AA. to doB. to be doing C done D doing5）作定语Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。
例如：Give me a pen to write with. 给我一支笔写字。
另外，还有一种“介词＋which＋不定式”的结构也可以作定语。
例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house. 这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱，用来买房子。
不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to live in .I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .There is no time to think ( about ) .2）主谓关系：She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . (逻辑主语是I )---Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now (逻辑主语不是I )【透视高考题】This company was the first ________ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. (2005 上海春)A. producingB. to produceC. having producedD. produced简析：考查不定式作定语。
在first, last等词后，要用不定式作定语。
故B正确。
6）作状语Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year to visit her.她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京来看她。
I am very happy to meet you. 我很高兴见到您。
注意：①有的语法学家将形容词后的不定式归到宾语。
这类形容词有：able, afraid, anxious, careful, content, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing等。
②在强调目的状语时，不定式前可加上in order或so as，即通常我们所说的“in order to/so as to”词组。
有时候为了突出强调目的时，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to较少用于句首。
③在so… as to, enough to, only to, too…to等结构中，不定式表示结果。
例如：Will you be so kind as to open the window? 劳驾您打开窗户好吗？He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off. 他到达机场（结果）却发现飞机已经起飞了。
【透视高考题】It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ________ a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have (2005 高考第35题)简析：考查不定式作目的状语。
运动爱好者在运动场外等三个小时的目的是为了看体育明星。
故选C。
3. 不定式的否定结构不定式的否定结构由“not＋不定式”构成，简言之，to前加not。
例如：She finally decided not to marry him. 她最终决定不嫁给他。
4. “疑问词＋不定式”结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加上不定式可构成一种特殊的结构，它的作用相当于一个名词性从句。
同样一句话，英语里可用从句和不定式结构来表达，意思没有区别。
试比较：我不知道该怎么办。
I don’t know what I should do. (宾语从句，较正式)I have no idea (of ) what I should do. (同位语从句，较正式)I don’t know what to do. (疑问词＋不定式结构作宾语，简洁，较口语化)I have no idea (of ) what to do. (疑问词＋不定式结构作同位语，简洁，较口语化)注意：在Why (not) do sth.? 这个句式里，不定式不带to，例如：Why not try again? 为什么不再试试？5. 不定式的时态与语态形式所谓不定式的时态和语态形式是指不定式有完成式、进行式和被动式。
例如：I am very happy to have met your mother. 见到了你的母亲我非常高兴。
（表明已经见到）Her English seems to be improving. 她的英语似乎在长进。
This book is said to have been translated into Chinese. 据说这本书已译成了中文。
（完成式和被动式）【透视高考题】The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004年高考)A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused简析：考查不定式被动式。
这是个被动语态句型：Sb./Sth. is believed to do/be done/doing/haven done/have been done，根据句意，应该用被动式，故选C。
二、动名词1. 动名词的构成与特征动名词是由“动词原形＋ing”构成，与现在分词的构成完全相同。
顾名思义，动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的特征。
所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
例如：Would you mind my closing the window? 我关上窗户你会介意吗？（有宾语the window）2. 动名词的功能与用法1）作主语Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶打翻了，哭也无益。
注意：当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语，通常用在It is no use/ no good/a waste of time/ a great fun+doing…这些句子结构中。
【透视高考题】Eu gene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use________ with him. (2006年高考第31题)BA.to argue B arguing C argued D having argued2）作表语（表示主语所具有的特征）The situation is encouraging. 情况挺振奋人心的。