全国自学考试试题语言与文化试卷
全国自学考试试题语言与文化试卷
全国高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Language is_________. （）A. the product of the human brainB. rule governedC. independent of cultureD. the result of social institutions2.Culture is a social phenomenon because it is a _________ product of human societies.（）A. technical B. cooperativeC. newD. language3.A_________is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.（）A. semi houseB. balconyC. plotD. yard4.English is often referred to as a _________ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements. （）A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. branchingD. linear5.Decide which of the following words is the word with an inflectional morpheme.（）A. completeB. behaviorC. playedD. membership6.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_________.（）A. “Thank you very much. How much is it?”B. “Where did you get it? This is really what I want.”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much.”D. “It’s very nice.”7.Which expression is NOT appropriate for you to use after you receive an apology? （）1A. It’s O.K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.8. A: Is Jenny co .ruing to the party?B: Yes, she is.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit_________. （）A. cohesionB. coherenceC. coexistenceD. cooperation9.Most of the cultural interpretations of the difference between English and Chinese at the textual level are_________.（）A. conclusions rather than tentative assumptionsB,. tentative assumptions rather than conclusionsC. either tentative assumptions or conclusionsD. neither tentative assumptions nor conclusions10. In American English, the equivalent word for“公寓”is_________.（）A. departmentB. flatC. apartmentD. basement11.7 days without 7-up make one weak.In this advertisement, one can find the tactful use of _________.（）A. homophonesB. figure of speechC. repetitionD. several adjectives12. Nodding means “agreement”to Chinese and most Europeans. But in the Eskimo gesturalsystem, head nodding means“_________”. （）A. yesB. angerC. pleasureD. no13. _________is a construction, expression, etc., having a meaning different from the literal oneor not according to the usual patterns of the language.（）A. “To pull one’s leg”B. “To keep a straight face”C. “To make a cat laugh”D. “To ride one’s high horse”14. The proverb “Homer sometimes nods”is related to_________.2（）A. Christianity B. Greco-Roman civilizationC. individualismD. insular culture15. In English culture _________ connote wisdom.A. miceB. chickensC. owlsD. mules16. _________is the symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.（）A. A white slaveB. A white elephantC. A white hopeD. A white feather17. _________shows a biased attitude towards certain ethnic groups.A. Racist languageB. Religious languageC. Sexist languageD. Metaphorical language18. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: _________.（）A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension19. _________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.A. HonourificsB. Terms of humilityC. EuphemismsD. Taboos20. For example, a boy told his mother in a whispering voice that it was not he who broke thevase but did not dare to look at his mother in her eyes. How could one interpret his verbal and nonverbal messages? （）A. Complementing.B. Contradicting.C. RepeatingD. Regulating.Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Some of the important properties in a language are_________. （）3A. a set of symbolsB. human specificC. vocalD. unsystematic22. “Handsome”means nice looking and can be used together with the followingwords_________.（）A. villageB. vesselC. typewriterD. overcoat23. Inductive argumentation has been related to_________.（）A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality24. When people are introduced, _________.（）A. they always shake handsB. they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC. they do not always shake handsD. men shake hands more often than women25. The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be classified into_________.（）A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal26. The word “hero”can be pronounced as_________.（）A. ['her∂v]B. ['hi:r∂v]C. ['hir∂v]D. ['hi∂r∂v]27. Silence may send the nonverbal messages of_________.（）A. displeasureB. pleasureC. indifferenceD. irritation28. _________means to be clumsy.（）A. “To put one’s foot in one’s mouth”B. “To be all thumbs”C. “To have a chip on one’s shoulder”D. “To have two left feet”29. _________have the metaphorical meaning of timidity.（）4A. BeaversB. LambsC. MiceD. Chickens30. _________is a euphemistic synonym of “poor ”.A. DeprivedB. NeedyC. UnderprivilegedD. DisadvantagedIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)31. Language is vocal, which means that speech is the ___________________of language.32. Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________________ ways.33. “2006年8月12日下午3点”can be translated into___________________.34. John Bull is ___________________ personified.35. It has been claimed that English texts develop in a ___________________ fashion, whileChinese ones develop in a spiral way.36. A national language may have several regional___________________.37. Though Chinese speakers tend to say “犟牛”to mean stubborn, English speakers would say “as stubborn as a___________________”in similar situations.38. The English expression equivalent to “敝校”is___________________.39. If a person stretches out his forefinger and the middle finger apart, he means______________.40 The English idiom equivalent to“鹤立鸡群”or“羊群里的骆驼”is“___________________”. IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41 What is the English equivalent for “挂钟”?42. What are the four types of common English names?43. What does a white slave refer to?44. What is the typical text structure of letters of request in English? And how does it differ fromthat of Chinese letters?V. Translation. (18%)45．不动声色46．久仰大名47. My hands are as cold as ice．48. Wine and judgment matures with age.49. The Chinese people prefer the order in which the modifier appears before the head because5they are indirect. For the same reason, the subordinate clause precedes the main clause in Chinese.50. In China when people visit a friend and have dinner with his or her family, the host or hostess often says, “These are the best dishes we can supply. Please feel at home and help yourselves”. Vl. Discuss the following topics. (20%)51. What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?52. “Plain looking”, “heavy”, “slender”, “physically handicapped”, and “hard of hearing”are some commonly used euphemisms. How do we use those euphemisms related to human appearance?6。
10月全国自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
全国2021年10月高等教育白学考试诺言与文化试题课程代码：00838I . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and put the answer in the brackets. (20%)1. In educational settings "depend on others to do his/her work" is often preferred to "".A. fail to do one 's homeworkB. fail to do one 's schoolwork wellC. cheat in examsD. cheat in class2. A "file clerk " is often said euphemistically to be a(n) "".A. information directorB. research consultantC. office executiveD. assistant manager3. I wonder whether Nick isn 't better off, after all. ——they do look after him, don 't they?A. I meanB. In other wordsC. ActuallyD. Incidentally4. The next morning she was glad and proud that she had not yielded to a scare.he was most strangely and obviously better.A. ThoughB. At this pointC. ForD. So5. "2000 年7 月25 日上午10 点" can be translated into.A. At 10 o 'clock of the morning of 25 July of 2000B. At 10 o 'clock on the morning of 25 July, 2000C. At 10 o 'clock, the morning of 25 July, 2000D. At 10 o 'clock in the morning of 25 July, 20006. Which of the following names is associated with Christianity?A. EdgarB. JosephC. AlexanderD. Iris7. When you introduce Mary Smith to John Jones, you may say _____ .A. "John Jones, this is Mary Smith 〞B. " Mr. Jones, may I introduce Mrs. Smith?"C. " Mary Smith, this is John Jones "D. "Mary Smith, this is Mr. Jones"to mind one's p's and q's""to keep one's nose clearf" is inappropriate as a reply to an apology.A. It's O. K.B. It's all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind. 9. It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic A. writing B. speaking C. thinking D. doing 10. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: A. traits, values and world views B. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and values C. norms, customs and circumstances D. time, space and dimension11. The Chinese equivalent for "high school" is A.中等学校 B.高等学校 C.技术学校 D.职业学校 12. In English culture, "old" is associated with all the following except A. useless B. traditional C. senile D. skilled 13. The phrasal verb "look into " corresponds in meaning to the single word A. expect B. investigate C. despise D. watch 14. "To be very careful and correct in one's behaviour" is synonymous to A. “Mr. Right"B. « I _____ _________ ___________ ________ ______keep one s own company15."To make a cat laugh" meansA. to be tragicB. to be comicC. to be proudD. to be serious 16. In English culture "white" connotes A. innocence B. death C. cruelty D. reaction 17. The English equivalent for "害了红眼病" is A. a white hope B. grey-headed C. pinkeye D. green-eyed18. Uranus is the Roman god of A. heavens and father of SaturnC. D.B. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods19. American English and English are two varieties of the English language and they areof equal status.A. CanadianB. AustralianC. New Zealandic EnglishD. British20. Stamping one's foot signifies in English body language.A. angerB. strengthC. remorseD. impatiencen . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement and put the answer(s) in the brackets. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. "" is more offensive than "damn" or "damn it〞.A. HellB. God damn youC. Damn youD. Jesus Christ22. He was the popular candidate. _______ he will be elected.A. So thatB. As suchC. ConsequentlyD. Accordingly23. In the following statements,is true.A. English has gone through the stage of explicit grammar, while Chinese has.B. Modern European languages are grammatical simpler and demonstrate less grammatical explicitly than classical European language.C. English and Chinese are at different developmental stages.D. English and Chinese are at same developmental stages.24. When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say.A. Hello. This is John speaking.B. Hello.C. Who's calling, please?D. Good morning. John Smith here.25. When English speakers respond to thanks, they normally say.A. "Don't mention it "B. Tt's my pleasure"C. "Not at all"D. "No. It's my duty"26. The idiomatic expression "to put one's foot in one's mouth" means.A. to just make itB. to say something embarrassingC. to have an angry attitudeD. to say something wrong or unsuitable27. "A blue fit " is close in meaning to.A. annoyanceB. happinessC. satisfactionD. irritation28. In English culture,are positive in meaning.A. ambitiousB. self-made manC. do-gooderD. aggressive29. In Chinese newspapers are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers.A. political achievementsB. cultural achievementsC. crimesD. disasters30. Touching or bodily contact is more common among in English speaking countries.A. malesB. the oldC. femalesD. the youngin . Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. "To fresh up" can be used by a female as an euphemism for.32. In an English letter of request there are three parts: the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a _______ .33. It is hard for to understand why "走狗" is a pejorative term in Chinese.34. Each culture develops a particular way of favoured by a particular population.35. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the relations between linguistic elements.36. " Good-bye" is the contracted form of and therefore carries a religious connotation.37. " Good night" is usually as an expression of.38. The English proverbial expression corresponds to "对牛弹琴" in Chinese.39. The English expression corresponds to "胆小如鼠" in Chinese.40. The branch of learning that studies how we perceive, structure, reacts to, and interpret messages of time is referred to as.41. American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ______ .42. The phrase in British English for "私立学校" is.IV . Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What are some examples in Australian English illustrating racist language?44. How do English speakers respond to compliments?45. What is large c culture?46. How would you explain the fact that "greenhouse" and its equivalent in Chinese "温室" are formed differently?47. Which idiomatic expression in English corresponds to "捧腹大笑" in Chinese?48. What is the word for " hard liquor" in British English?V . Translation. (16%)49. 您有何高见？50. Most surprise attacks against the enemy have now become pre-emptive strikes.51. I'm sorry, Mr. Jones is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message, please?52. Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who is calling?53. He that increases knowledge increases sorrow.54. 巧妇难为了无米之炊.55. Cookie, fat-cakes and chowder are words referring to food.56. 竹在中国文化中是谦虚、刚直不阿、顽强不屈的象征.VI. Define the following terms. (10%)57. sexist language58. individualism59. Seven Facets model60. Sexism61. illustratorW . Discuss the following topics. (20%)62. What are allusions? And how do they reflect culture?63. Please explain the five categories of gestures.。
(全新整理)1月全国自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%) 1．“Negro”,once a euphemism for “_______”, is now an offensive racist term.（）A．a black man B．niggerC．an African D．black boy2．The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “gardener”is “_______”.（）A．landscape architect B．garden designerC．beautician D．botanist3．I may be back tonight; I’m not sure. _______,just make yourself at home.（）A．However B．Despite thisC．Either way D．Still4．He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier.（）A．Alternatively B．I meanC．In addition D．Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into _______.（）A．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C．He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D．He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6．_______ is a weapon name.（）A．Brenda B．ArthurC．Rhoda D．Timothy7．When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______.（）A．“It’s very nice”B．“Where did you get it? This is really what I want”C．“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much”D．“How much is it? Thank you very much”18．_______can be said as a reply to thanks.（）A．“You’re too polite.” B．“It’s my pleasure.”C．“It’s my duty.” D．“No.”9．To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture.（）A．vicious character B．narrow minded featureC．loose sex morality D．positive human quality10．“Propaganda”connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English.（）A．giving publicity to something B．exchanging useful knowledgeC．spreading biased information D．motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for“stop watch”is “跑表”,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.（）A．the way in which it is usedB．the purpose for which it is usedC．the mechanic qualityD．the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for “温室”is “greenhouse”,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.（）A．capacity B．physical characteristicC．function D．effectiveness13．The proverb“one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis”is related to _______.（）A．Christianity B．the BibleC．Greco-Roman civilization D．geography14．“A child who roams the street”can be referred to as _______.（）A．a Sherlock Holmes B．an Uncle TomC．a Don Juan D．an Oliver Twist15．“The Garden of Eden”is an allusion derived from_______.（）A．literature B．mythologyC．religion D．history16．“We’ve generated a lot of ideas this week”illustrates the metaphor that _______.（）A．ideas are food B．ideas are plantC．ideas are products D．ideas are commodities17．“Brown paper”corresponds to _______.（）A．秘密文件 B．棕色纸2C．揭露社会黑暗的报纸 D．牛皮纸18．Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French.（）A．Greek B．LatinC．Indian D．Romania19．To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents.（）A．personal pronouns B．loan wordsC．long sentences D．learned words20．Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______. （）A．accenting B．complementingC．regulating D．substitutionⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “the black people”is regarded as degrading word, for “black”has bad connotations.“_______”is the case in point.（）A．Black flag B．Black coalC．Black foot D．Black head22．It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.（）A．artistic thinking B．deductive reasoningC．intuitive thinking D．dialectical reasoning23．Which of the following statements may be true? （）A．Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B．Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C．Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D．Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24．Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______. （）A．Joyce B．MerrillC．Valdes D．Mrs. Valdes25．“To pull somebody’s leg”means _______.（）A．to tease somebody B．to let somebody lag behindC．to deceive somebody temporarily D．to prevent somebody from advancing26．“To ride one’s high horse”means _______.（）3A．to be glad B．to be haughtyC．to be arrogant D．to be confident27．Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______.（）A．reformation B．lynchC．cocktail D．scalp28．In English culture,“red”can be associated with _______.（）A．celebrations B．embarrassment or shynessC．anger or excitement D．jealousy29．“Santa Clause”comes from _______.（）A．German B．FrenchC．Dutch D．Indian30．Chewing one’s finger nails signifies _______.（）A．emotional stress B．impatienceC．irritation D．worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“Human resource development”is the euphemism for “_________.”32.The connective “so”in “If they see that you’re blue, they’ll look down upon you. So why should I bother to care.”indicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“Self-made man”,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天”is “_________.”39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for “教职员”is“_________.”Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“a red letter day”mean in English culture?44.Does“a marriage of convenience”covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻”？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?47.What is the English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”？448.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture. Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。
(最新整理)4月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement (20%).1. The medium of verbal interaction is _____. ( )A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication2. Such interjections as “aha”, “my God”, “oh”, “dear”are chiefly used to convey _____ meaning. ( )A. affectiveB. reflectedC. socialD. conceptual3. The Chinese name “党生”is related to _____. ( )A. the date of birthB. the place of birthC. historical eventsD. natural phenomena4. The Chinese counterpart for “Busman’s holiday”is _____. ( )A. 公共汽车驾驶员的假日B. 公共汽车乘务员的假日C. 消磨于与日常工作类似之活动的假日D. 公交车日5. English and Chinese advertising differ in what can be advertised. In English _____ cannot be advertised. ( )A. sexual serviceB. domestic serviceC. medicinesD. cigarettes6. “I’m full”is signified in English culture by _____. ( )A. moving quickly his open hand, palm down, across his throatB. a raised open hand, palm forwardC. one or both open hands lightly patting one’s own stomachD. an open hand, palm down, raised to one’s throat17. Cowboy can represent the _____ aspects of culture. ( )A. geographicalB. politicalC. ChristianD. historical8. When you received a gift from your friend on your birthday, normally your response is _____.( )A. “It’s very beautiful, but I already have one.”B. “You may give it to Jane. She will love it.”C. “It’s so nice, I love it. Thank you.”D. “No, thank you. For it costs you too much.”9. “to kick the bucket”is often associated with _____. ( )A. to get into a temperB. to dieC. to have bad luckD. to go to bed10. “That idea went out of style years ago”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are _____.( ) A. people B. productsC. commoditiesD. fashion11. “Show no surprise or concern about something unusual that happens”is synonymous to _____. ( )A. cast your eye overB. keep an eye out forC. turn a blind eyeD. not to bat an eyelid12. “White room”corresponds to _____. ( )A. 白色的房间B. 病房C. 空房D. 绝尘室13. A Don Quixote represents _____. ( )A. a captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of womenB. an idealistic and impractical personC. a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought of act ofrebellingD. a handsome young man, passionate, dashing, who has a way with woman14. “The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen2nothing of the panorama around them.”demonstrates _____ relation between the two sentences. ( )A. a temporalB. a causalC. an adversativeD. an additive15. “She drives me out of my mind”is a metaphorical expression about love is _____.( ) A. a physical force B. madnessC. magicD. patient16. It has been claimed that English texts develop _____. ( )A. in a spiral wayB. in a linear fashionC. in a flowery styleD. in a way of much uses of hyperboles17. “A black day”is a day _____. ( )A. when something sad or disastrous happensB. when something remarkable and usually pleasurable happensC. when something should be rememberedD. when there is no moon or sun18. The word in American English for “staff”is _____. ( )A. stuffB. facultyC. teacherD. employee19. _____ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation/intonation and not through the use of conjunctions. ( ) A. logical B. hypotacticC. paratacticD. hypocritical20. The distance zone ranging from touching to 18 inches is referred to as the _____ zone.( ) A. intimate B. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. publicⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)31. Culture is a _____ phenomenon. ( )A. systematicB. socialC. nationalD. historical2. _____ are facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars. ( )A. Drive insB. MotelsC. HotelsD. Diners3. Possible answers to the question “Have they never invited you home?”could be _____.( ) A. Yes, they have never. B. No, they have never.C. Yes, they have.D. No, they have.4. Michael Stone is a professor, so it is quite common for his students to call him _____.( ) A. Michael B. Professor StoneC. Michael StoneD. Professor Michael5. In English culture “pink”can be associated with _____. ( )A. something bestB. something unpleasantC. womenD. dismal6. Words pejorative in meaning in English but positive or neutral in Chinese are _____.( ) A. propaganda B. dragonC. comradeD. peasant7. V ocatives normally include _____, epithets, etc. ( )A. greetingsB. standard appellativesC. terms for occupationsD. names8. “To throw in the sponge”_____. ( )A. derives from baseballB. means “abandon a struggle or contest”C. derives from boxingD. means “acknowledge defeat”9. When people are introduced to others, they often say to each other, “_____”. ( )A. How are you?B. How do you do?C. How have you been?D. Nice to meet / know you.410. If someone says, “What a big house you’ve got”, the complimented might respond, “_____”.( )A. Thank you. It’s quite big.B. Thank you, I was lucky to be able to get it.C. Thank you, but I think it’s not as big as yours.D. Oh, you really think so?Ⅲ. Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (24%)1. ___________ is a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament.2. The British English equivalent for “check”is ___________.3. English pronouns are marked for four cases: ___________, objective, genitive determinative and genitive independent.4. “保持一身清白”corresponds to “___________”in English.5. ___________ is a book with the telephone numbers of different shops, restaurants, business, organizations, etc.6. “Homer sometimes nods.”can be translated into “___________”in Chinese.7. In its broad sense culture is the attributes of man, and it is also called “large C culture”or “___________ culture”.8. The English equivalent for “黄道吉日”is ___________.9. Beautician is an euphemism, referring to ___________.10. It is generally accepted that at the sentential level ___________ relations are observed far more frequently in English than in Chinese.11. The Chinese equivalent for “Wester”is ___________.12. Through the study of psychological time, three psychological orientations have emerged: the past, ___________, and future.Ⅳ. Translation (16%)A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8%)1. Niagara Falls2. Rats desert a sinking ship.53. totem4. Excuse me, would you tell me the way to the nearest post-office?B. Translate the following into English. (8%)1. 敬请光临2. 趁热打铁3. 五月结婚，悔恨终身4. 红白事Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)1. language2. the present-oriented society3. similes and metaphors4. taboos5. text structuresⅥ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)1. Are “please”in English and “请”in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?2. What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese when naming their children?6。
()全国自考语言与文化试题及解析
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2021 年 1 月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838Ⅰ .Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1．“ Negro〞 ,once a euphemism for “ _______〞 , is now an offensive racist term. 〔〕A ． a black manB ． niggerC． an African D ． black boy2． The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “ gardener〞 is “ _______〞 .〔〕A ． landscape architectB ． garden designerC． beautician D ． botanist3． I may be back tonight; I’ m not sure. _______,just make yourself〔at home. 〕A ． HoweverB ． Despite thisC． Either way D ． Still4． He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier. 〔〕A ． AlternativelyB ． I meanC． In addition D ． Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街 2 号〞 can be translated into _______.〔〕A ． He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B ． He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C． He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D ． He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6． _______ is a weapon name.〔〕A ． BrendaB ． ArthurC． Rhoda D ． Timothy7． When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______. 〔〕A ．“ It ’ s very nice〞B ．“ Where did you get it? This is really what I want〞C．“ It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much 〞D ．“ How much is it? Thank you very much 〞18． _______can be said as a reply to thanks.〔〕A ．“ You’ retoo polite. 〞B ．“ It ’ s my pleasure〞.C．“ It ’ s my duty〞. D ．“ No. 〞9． To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture. 〔〕A ． vicious characterB ． narrow minded featureC． loose sex morality D ． positive human quality10．“ Propaganda〞 connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English. 〔〕A ． giving publicity to somethingB ． exchanging useful knowledgeC． spreading biased information D ． motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for “ stop watch 〞 is “跑表〞 ,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.〔〕A ． the way in which it is usedB ． the purpose for which it is usedC． the mechanic qualityD ． the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for“温室〞is“ greenhouse〞,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.〔〕A ． capacityB ． physical characteristicC． function D ． effectiveness13． The proverb “one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis 〞 is related to _______. 〔〕A ． ChristianityB ． the BibleC． Greco-Roman civilization D ． geography14．“ A child who roams the street 〞 can be referred to as _______.〔〕A ． a Sherlock HolmesB ． an Uncle TomC． a Don Juan D ． an Oliver Twist15．“ The Garden of Eden〞 is an allusion derived from_______. 〔〕A ． literatureB ． mythologyC． religion D ． history16．“ We’ ve generated a lot of ideas this week〞 illustrates the metaphor that _______. 〔〕A ． ideas are foodB ． ideas are plantC． ideas are products D ． ideas are commodities17．“ Brown paper 〞 corresponds to _______.〔〕A ．奥秘文件B ．棕色纸2C．揭示社会黑暗的报纸 D ．牛皮纸18． Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French. 〔〕A ． GreekB ． LatinC． Indian D ． Romania19． To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents. 〔〕A ． personal pronounsB ． loan wordsC． long sentences D ． learned words20． Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______.〔〕A ． accentingB ． complementingC． regulating D ． substitutionⅡ .Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be morethan one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “ the black people 〞 is regarded as degrading word, for“ black〞 has bad connotations.“_______ 〞 is the case in point. 〔〕A ． Black flagB ． Black coalC． Black foot D ． Black head22． It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.〔〕A ． artistic thinkingB ． deductive reasoningC． intuitive thinking D ． dialectical reasoning23． Which of the following statements may be true?〔〕A ． Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B ． Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C． Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D ． Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24． Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______.〔〕A ． JoyceB ． MerrillC． Valdes D ． Mrs. Valdes25．“ To pull somebody’〞s legmeans _______.〔〕A ． to tease somebodyB ． to let somebody lag behindC． to deceive somebody temporarily D ． to prevent somebody from advancing26．“ To ride one ’ s high horse〞means _______.〔〕3()全国自考语言与文化试题及剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯A ． to be gladB ． to be haughtyC． to be arrogant D ． to be confident27． Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______. 〔〕A ． reformationB ． lynchC． cocktail D ． scalp28． In English culture, “ red〞 can be associated with _______. 〔〕A ． celebrationsB ． embarrassment or shynessC． anger or excitement D ． jealousy29．“ Santa Clause〞 comes from _______. 〔〕A ． GermanB ． FrenchC． Dutch D ． Indian30． Chewing one ’ s finger nails signifies〔.〕A ． emotional stressB ． impatienceC． irritation D ． worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“ Human resource development 〞 is the euphemism for “ _________.〞32.The connective“ so〞in“ If they see that you’ re blue, they’ ll look down upon you. So why should I bother〞to caindicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“ Self-made man〞,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天〞is “ _________.〞39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for“教职员〞is“ _________.〞Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“ a red letter day〞 mean in English culture?“ a marriage of convenience〞 covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻〞？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word“ maize〞?47.What is the English equivalent for“隐形眼镜〞？4()全国自考语言与文化试题及剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯48.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。
7月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I. Multiple Choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1．The first anthropological definition of culture was offered by the British scholar( ) A. Edward B. Tylor B. Howard Lee NostrandC. George MurdockD. Nelson Brooks2．A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is( ) A. Hot dog B. SandwichC. HamburgerD. Pudding3．Facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars is called( ) A. drive-ins B. motelsC. dinersD. hotels4．“Disinterested”corresponds to ( )A. 公正的B. 不感兴趣的C. 讨厌的D. 无聊的5.The first week day after Christmas，a legal holiday in England is called( ) A. Thanksgiving Day B. Boxing DayC. EasterD. Anzac Day6. Deductive argumentation has been related to ( )A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. paratactic featuresD. direct personality7．“Laura”means ( )in Chinese.A. 月桂B. 劳拉C. 常青藤D. 百合8．“Henry”means ( ) in Chinese.A. 亨利B. 快乐C. 勇敢D. 家庭统治者9．( )can be said as a reply to thanks.A.“ It’s my duty”.B. “It’s my job”.C. “Nothing for that”.D. “You’re welcome”.10．When your English hostess asks you “would you like some more of this dish?”, your answer should be ( ) if you want.A.“Yes, please”.B. “Thank you”.C. “Yes, thank you”.D. “OK”.11．“My knee only hurts when I dance, that’s because I have two left feet”. The last sentence means ( )A. that’s because I have to be independentB. that’s because I have recove red after an illnessC. that’s because I dance swiftlyD. that’s because I am too clumsy12．“To make a cat laugh”is synonymous to ( )A. to be specially ludicrousB. to cause one to feel loathingC. to make a jokeD. to create a wonder13．“To keep one’s nose clean”is the same meaning with ( )A. to keep out of troubleB. to be fond of cleannessC. to separate from othersD. to feel fresh air14．“From whipping post to pillory”is related to( )A. individualismB. English literatureC. the history of EnglandD. Bible15．“Hit and run”derived from( )A. baseballB. footballC. horse racingD. boxing16. “That idea won’t sell” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources17. “Waving a red flag” means ( )A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrates an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people18. “A black spot” is a place ( )A. where unpleasant things occur regularly and without chance of improvementB. where everything is decorated in black colorC. where people use to honor something or somebodyD. where people are due to have bad fortune19. The Chinese equivalent for “blue film” is( )A. 伤感电影B. 黄色电影C. 蓝色电影D. 暴力电影20. “Red blooded” corresponds to ( )A. 精力充沛的B. 现行犯的C. 共产党人的D. 红色政权的21. “( ) ” can be got as a reply when you ask an English speaker questions such as “how old are you?”, etc.A. None of your businessB. I’m afraid I can’t tell youC. I’m thirty, thank youD. I’m sorry I don’t remember22．It is often said that Chinese learners of English speak( ) English because they learn it mainly through reading.A. bookishB. excellentC. standardD. common23．In American English “cookie”is a loan word from Dutch, meaning ( ) in Chinese.A. 炊具B. 厨师C. 曲奇饼干D. 厨房24. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger” signifies() in English speaking countries.A. good luckB. sadnessC. respectsD. secrecyII. Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1．There are more than four hundred words for camel in Arabic while there is only one word for it in English or Chinese. It reflects such fact that language is strongly influenced and shaped by _______ .2．The Federal legislature of the USA is_______ .3．The word in British English for “corn”is _______ .4．The contrast between grammatical explicitness in English and grammatical implicitness in Chinese may bebrought about by different _______ traditions of English speaking countries and China.5．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a _______ language.6．_______ refers to a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling.7．The English equivalent for “对牛弹琴”is “_______ ”.8．The English equivalent for “黑货”is “_______ ”.9．“_______”refers to a strike breaker, someone who accepts work in place of strikers.10．The English speakers who expect a text to be developed_______ may find it difficult to follow a spirally developed text.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Individualism2．Taboos3．Coherence and cohesion4．Public territoryIV. Translation (16%)1．Red hunter2．Orthodox Eastern Church3．A marriage of convenience4．Even reckoning makes long friends.5．智者千虑，必有一失6．红茶7．白手起家的人8．白菜V.Discuss the following topics (30%)1．How do English speakers bid farewell to one another? What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese farewell?2．What are the English euphemisms for “lavatory”?3．How do you understand the statement that English speakers prefer deductive argumentation while Chinese speakers prefer inductive argumentation when producing argumentative texts?。
高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论
2007年10月全国自考语言学概论试题参考答案一、单项选择题1.下列关于“语言”和“言语”的表述中，不正确的一项是【】A.语言是社会的，言语是个人的B.语言是主要的，言语是从属的C.语言是抽象的，言语是具体的D.语言是书面的，言语是口头的答案：D解析：识记语言和言语的关系。
2.最小的言语交际单位是【】A.语篇B.句子C.词组D.词答案：B解析：句子由词或词组按一定规则组合而成，能独立说出来并用于交际。
3.A.AB.BC.CD.D答案：C解析：A项分别为前元音、后元音，B项分别为前元音、央元音，D项分别为前元音、后元音。
4.A.AB.BC.CD.D答案：A解析：A项属于清擦音，B项分别为清塞音、鼻音，C项分别为鼻音、边音，D项分别为清塞音、清擦音。
5.下列关于语调和声调的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.有些语言只有语调而没有声调B.有些语言只有声调而没有语调C.有些语言既没语调也没有声调D.所有语言都既有声调也有语调答案：A解析：所有的语言都有语调，轻音现象中语言会失去原有的声调。
6.下列关于“语汇”的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.语汇是最小的有意义的语言单位B.语汇是一种语言中词的总汇C.语汇是一种语言中词和语的总汇D.语汇是一种语言中固定词组和熟语的总汇答案：C解析：词是最小的音义结合的能独立使用的语言单位，语是由词构成的固定词组或熟语，语汇是一种语言中词和语的总和。
7.下列关于一般语汇总体特点的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.构词能力强B.使用范围窄C.产生历史长D.大多很稳定答案：B解析：根据词在语汇系统中的重要程度，可以分为基本语汇和非基本语汇（一般语汇）两大类。
ACD三项都属于基本语汇的特点。
8.区分“单纯词”和“合成词”所依据的是【】A.词的音节数量B.词的语素数量C.词的音形关系D.词的地位用途答案：B解析：由一个语素构成的词叫单纯词，由两个或两个以上语素构成的词叫合成词。
9.下列各组复合词中，构词方式相同的一组是【】A.热情热烈B.证明光明C.口吃胆怯D.悦耳柔和答案：C解析：“口吃”和“胆怯”都是陈述式复合词。
全国自考大学语文,考试真题及答案。全国自考《语言学概论》历年真题及答案
大学语文，考试真题。
四、简析题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)36．阅读《容忍与自由》中的一段文字，回答问题：我曾说过，我应该用容忍的态度来报答社会对我的容忍。
现在常常想，我们还得戒律自己：我们若想别人容忍谅解我们的见解，我们必须先养成能够容忍谅解别人的见解的度量。
至少至少我们应该戒约自己决不可“以吾辈所主张者为绝对之是”。
我们受过实验主义的训练的人，本来就不承认有“绝对之是”，更不可以“以吾辈所主张者为绝对之是”。
A．这段文字是针对文章中哪一个事例所生发的议论?强调“以吾辈所主张者为绝对之是”的是谁?针对陈独秀提倡白话文的事例。
陈独秀；B．“绝对之是”是什么意思?“不允许反对者有讨论之余地”不能够容忍别人的不同意见。
自己的意见绝对正确。
C．这段文字的论点是什么?该论点对文章中心论点的论述有什么作用?论点：不承认有“绝对之是”。
宇宙无限，人的认识有限。
是总论点“没有容忍，就没有自由”的三个分论点之一。
37．阅读《哭小弟》中的一段文字，回答问题：我哭小弟，哭他在剧痛中还拿着那本航空资料“想再看看”，哭他的“胃下垂”、“肾游走”；我也哭蒋筑英抱病奔波，客殇成都；我也哭罗健夫不肯一个人坐一辆汽车!我还要哭那些没有见诸报章的过早离去的我的同辈人。
他们几经雪欺霜冻，好不容易奋斗着张开几片花瓣，尚未盛开，就骤然凋谢。
我哭我们这迟开而早谢的一代人!已经是迟开了，让这些迟开的花朵尽可能延长他们的光彩吧。
A．举例说明文中使用了何种修辞手法。
比喻，排比；B．文中的“雪欺霜冻”和“骤然凋谢”的寓意是什么?政治运动对知识分子的迫害；英年早逝；C．文中揭示主旨的是哪一句话?让这些迟开的花朵尽可能延长他们的光彩吧38．阅读《我与地坛》中的一段文字，回答问题：剩下的就是怎样活的问题了。
这却不是在某一个瞬间就能完全想透的，不是能．够一次性解决的事，怕是活多久就要想它多久了，就像是伴你终生的魔鬼或恋人。
所以，十五年了，我还是总得到那古园里去，去它的老树下或荒草边或颓墙旁，去默坐，去呆想，去推开耳边的嘈杂理一理纷乱的思绪，去窥看自己的心魂。
4月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018 年 4 月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I . Multiple choice (23%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The medium of verbal interaction is( )A. thought.B. language.C. culture.D. communication.2. “Politician ” and “statesman ” are mainly distinguished by their _n_g_._(___ mean)iA. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected3. “Busybody” corresponds to ________ in Chinese. ( )A. 大忙人B. 爱管闲事的人C. 重要人物D. 勤快人4. “ Domicile, residence, home and _____ ” are synonymous to each other, that is, conceptually they refer to the same thing in the real world. ( )A. abodeB. livingC. familyD. household5. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative meaning can bebrought together under the heading _______ meaning.( )A. thematicB. associativeC. peripheralD. conceptual6．Which of the following statements is false?( )A. English is a language governed by strict rules and regulations.B. English speakers enjoy more freedom when speaking or writing in English than Chinese people.C. English grammatical markers are obligatory items.D. English has more explicit grammatical markers that are used obligatorily than Chinese.7. Religious name Chr“istopher ” means ______ in Chinese. ( )A. 基督信徒B. 基督的仆人C. 克里斯多弗D. 基督的礼物8. “ Oscar ” means ___ ___inChinese. )A. 奥斯卡B. 天赐之盾C. 天赐之矛D. 天赐之剑9. “ Good-bye ” is derived from the expression ( )A. Good luck for you.B. God bless you.C. God be with you.D. Looking forward to seeing you again.10. When offering another person to be the first in going through a door getting in a car, the normal expression is ( )A. After you.B. You go first, please.C. Would you like to go first?D. Can you go first, please?11．“ To kick the bucket ” is often associated with ( )A. to get into a temper.B. to die.C. to have bad luck.D. to be impeded.12．“ Put your foot in your mouth ” means( )A. shut up your mouth.B. you know everything about yourself.C. you cause embarrassment by saying something.D. what you say are nonsense.13．“ To ride one 's high horse” means( )A. to be energetic.B. to be haughty.C. to be buoyant.D. to be optimistic.14．“ To know something like the palm of one ' s hand” means ( )A. to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them.B. to understand everything without any questions.C. to understand only something easy.D. to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something.15．“ A Pandora' s box” , derived from the box sent by the Gods to Pandora, refers to a present or something( )A. which brings happiness looks ugly.B. which seems valuable but brings misfortune.C. which can create anything its owner wants.D. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroom.16.“All this paper has in it are raw facts, half-baked ideas, and warmed-over commodities ” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are food.B. ideas are commodities.C. ideas are products.D. ideas are fashions.17. “ I could feel the electricity between us ” is a metaphorical expressio) n about (A. love is a physical force.B. love is madness.C. love is magic.D. love is a patient.18. “A white Christmas ” refers to( )A. snow at Christmas time.B. purity at Christmas time.C. innocence at Christmas time.D. nothing done at Christmas time.19. “A black sheep ” refers to( )A. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to be a disgrace to other members.B. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring bad fortune to other members.C. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring victory to other members.D. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring money to other members. 20. “Blue blood ” means( ) A. humble lineage. B. courageous personality.C. timid personality.21．“I'd love to join in. Only I donD. aristocratic lineage.'t know how to play. ” demonstrates ________ relation between the twosentences.( )A. a causalB. a temporalC. an adversativeD. an additive22．The word in American English for “pyjamas” is“ pajamas” , meaning _____ in Chinese.( )A. 侏儒B. 金字塔C. 睡衣D. 预感23. Verbal language requires the use of only one sensory modality: hearing, whereas nonverbal communication requires at least three other sensory modalities: seeing, touching and( )A. smiling.B. smelling.C. talking.n . Gap-filling (10%)D. gesturing.Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. 1. The fact that no logical connection is found between “ tablean”d the object which it refers to proves that language is . 2．______ r efers to skimming across water on skis while being towed by a motorboat.3. The word in American English for “fall ” is _________________ .4．The word endings such as“ -s” ,“-ed” ,“ -ing ” and“ -er” are called __ morphemes.5．______ r elations refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of conjunctions.6．“ Falling in love with somebody on the first occasion of seeing ” refers to an English idiom “ _____ ” .7．_______ refers to a captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women.8．A _____ is a lie that does no harm and is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.9．______ i s an euphemism for “ ugly ” .10．At the textual level, _____ relations are observed more frequently in English than in Chinese.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Idiom2．Honorifics3．Coherence and cohesion4．Nonverbal communicationIV. Translation (16%)1．Puritan2．To split one's sides with laughter3．Blue alert4．Man proposes, God disposes.5．乔迁喜宴6．蝼蚁之穴能溃千里之堤。
2021年自考《语言与文化》习题及答案
2021年自考《语言与文化》习题及答案第一部分选择题I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1. In its broad sense culture is. ( )A. whatever distinguishes one nation from all the other nationsB. the attributes of manC. life way of a populationD. intellectual or academic development and artist creation become secondary2. Language is_________, which means that speech is the primary medium of languageA. arbitraryB. vocalC. symbolicD. human specific3. Word______________frequently appears together with "boy", "man", "vessel" or "airliner" ( )A. beautifulB. niceC. prettyD. handsome4. Word "get" is derived from____________. ( )A. Old NorseB. LatinC. FrenchD. Germany5. _________is the name given to a young man or young woman who rejects authority, existing institution and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress, etc. ( )A. DukeB. CowboyC. HippieD. Knight6. In English culture, "White" connotes_____________________. ( )A. deathB. longevityC. immaturityD. innocence7. The metaphorical expression "she cast her spell over me" illustrated that ( )A. love is magicB. love is warC. love is a physical forceD. love is patient8. "Even reckoning makes long friends." is a proverb that related to ( )A. the history of EnglandB. the English writing systemC. individualismD. English literature9. "To cause one to feel fear, loathing, aversion, nervous anxiety" is synonymous to___________. ( )A. "to make a face"B. "to make one’s flesh creep"C. "to make a cat laugh"D. "to make bricks without straw"10. "A proud of flesh" is derived from Shakespeare' s______________. ( )A. Romeo and JulietB. Anthony and CleopatraC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear11. "The old Adam" is an allusion from______________________. ( )A. literatureB. religionC. mythologyD. history12. "To kick off”is derived from______________. ( )A. boxingB. American footballC. soccerD. baseball13. "Friday" is named after Freya, _____________. ( )A. goddess of musicB. goddess of warC. goddess of oceanD. goddess of heaven14. A___________is an implied comparison between two or more unlike things. ( )A. similesB. metaphorsC. associationsD. tenor15. "There are too many facts here for me to digest them all." is a metaphorical expression about ideas, which are___________ ( )A. FoodB. commoditiesC. productsD. plants16. A blackleg is a person who_______________________. ( )A. accepts work in place of strikersB. is a scoundrelC. is a member of a secret organization of Italian criminals and blackmailers which operated in the U.S.D. is a traitor17.The English equivalent for "贱内" is__________. ( )A. my husbandB. my wifeC. my sonD. my daughter18. One’s oral speech is always interpreted in relation to__________that accompanies his speech. ( )A. oral languageB. written languageC. body languageD. verbal language19. The first successful British colony was founded in______________, Virginia, in 1607. ( )A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. New HampshireD. New York20. Some nonverbal messages are consistent with accompanying verbal message, which is the __________ function of nonverbal message. ( )A. complementingB. contradictingC. RegulatingD. accentingII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully anddecide which alternative can complete the statement .There might be more than one correct answer (10%)21. The relationship between language, culture and thought is that ( )A. they are three parts of a wholeB. language is determined by culture while culture is determined by thoughtC. each of them can operate independentlyD. the three aspects interact, each influencing and shaping the other two22. The word (words)______________is (are) connected with history. ( )A. scalpB. lynchC. reformationD. bible23. The most common English replies to thank are_____________. ( )A. It is nothingB. It is my dutyC. Not at allD. It is my pleasure24. When English speaking people part, they usually say___________. ( )A. Good- byeB. It’s mice to meet youC. See you tomorrowD. So long25. are the proverbs, which are related to Greco - Roman civilization. ( )A. Marry in May, repent alwaysB. Bacchus hath drowned more me than NeptuneC. Homer sometimes nodsD. Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven26. "A purple passage" refers to an extremely ornate portion in______. ( )A. musicB. a literacy workC. paintingD. architecture27. The euphemisms for the expression "backward countries" are________. ( )A. underdeveloped countriesB. developed countriesC. developing countriesD. poor countries28. In each of the following stretches of English, there is a textual connective which is underlined. Words__________ indicate the adversative relation between the adjoining sentences. ( )A. You aren't leaving, are you? Because I've got something to say to youB. I’d love to join in. Only I don’t know how to playC. He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. Instead he looked even gloomierD. All the figures were correct; they’d been checked. Yet the total came out wrong29. Generally speaking, the main function of English newspaper reporting is____. ( )A. to cheat the readerB. to advise the readerC. to inform the readerD. to amuse the reader30. The basic facial management techniques are________________. ( )A. intensifyingB. deintensifyingC. neutralizingD. masking第二部分非选择题III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. Language is the____________of cultural information.32. __________is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning.33. "_________" interpreted as "freedom from undesirable intrusions" and regarded as a human right.34. _______________are the smallest units of meaning.35. You are a student of English. If you are complimented on your English, you may say___________.36. If the person calling is a stranger, the person who answers the phone normally asks,________________.37. The English proverbial equivalent for "对牛弹琴" is_______________.38. "Every wise man breadth his enemy" is derived from______________by Geoffrey Chaucer.39. In English blue is usually associated with___________.40. _____________are frequently used in mass media about political, socioeconomic affairs and international relations to avoid the unpleasantness of some terms or expressions.41. ____________refers to reasoning from the general to the particular or reasoning in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from the general or universal promises.42. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal language but also by______.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. Is there any contrast between the Western people and the Chinese people as far as thought is concerned?44.What conceptual difference is there between " 药店" and "drugstore"?45. What is the difference between "to make a face" and its equivalent "做个鬼脸" in Chinese?46. How would you explain the statement that the Chinese narrative and descriptive writing is often more ornate or flowery than English one?47. What are the five categories of gesture?48. Why is time so important to our lives?V. Translation. {16%}A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8 %)49. Any port in a storm.50. One fails into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis.51. Man proposes, God disposes.52. The money after your own father.B. Translate the following into English. (8 %)53.衙门自古朝南开，有理无钱莫进来。
2020年10月全国语言与文化自考试题及答案解析.doc
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2018 年 10 月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternativesbest completes the statement.(20%)1.The expression “ physically handicapped ” is the euphemistic equivalent（of）”.“A. uglyB. skinnyC. deafD. crippled2.A （） is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.A. semihouseB. balconyC. plotD. yard3.English grammar is often said to be（） because English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. explicitD. implicit4.The word （“）” is American spelling.A. colourB. travellerC. metreD. defense5.Smiling when criticized would be considered （） in American culture.A. improperB. politeC. friendlyD. frivolous6.A meddlesome person who pries into others （’ affairs ）is .aA. busmanB. busybodyC. ladies ’ manD. do-gooder7.English is the language which （）.A. demonstrates more hypotactic relations than Chinese does.B. demonstrates more paratactic relations than Chinese does.C. demonstrates only hypotactic relations.D. only relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.8.The idiomatic expression “ between Scylla and Charybdis ” can（be translated）. intoA. 费了九牛二虎之力B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机D. 昙花一现9.Nike is the name of （） in Greek mythology.A. a heroineB. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortuneD. a wealthy lady10.English speakers usually give small gifts to （） on his or her birthday.A. a casual friendB. a new acquaintance1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯C. a public servantD. a good friend11.（） can function as an appropriate reply to an invitation.A. “ Thank you very much. I ’ ll come if I ’ m free then ”B. “ Thank you very much. But I can ’ t accept your invitation ”C. “ That would be nice. Thank you ”D. “ Thank you, I ’ ll try to come ”12.When you want to compliment the new coat Mary wears, you can say （） .A. “ I like your new coat. ”B. “ That ’ s very nice coat you ’ re wearing. It must be very expensive. ”C. “ You look much younger in this coat. ”D. “ How much did you pay for this coat? ”13.The proverbial expression “ life is but a walking shadow ” is derived from the works of（）.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare14.In English culture “ green ” is often associated（ with ） .A. experienceB. an old ageC. jealousyD. failure15. “ A pedant or erudite female intellectual ” can（be referred） .to asA. a blue ribbonB. a blue stockingC. a grey mareD. a greengrocer16.The effort to rescue American captives in Iran in 1980 failed and it was called a(n) （）”“rather than a “ failure ”.A. incomplete successB. partial successC. intangible successD. mental success17.English speakers expect to be immediately informed of （）the letter they have receivedis written.A. the purpose for whichB. the reasons for whichC. the date on whichD. the place in which18. “ Tickets, please! ” said the guard, putting his head in at the window（. ）everybody washolding out a ticket.A. Until thenB. To this endC. At lastD. In a moment19.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words are（） .A. regulatorsB. illustratorsC. adaptersD. emblems20. “ A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance ” can be refe as（）.A. a CleopatraB. a PandoraC. a CinderellaD. a DavidⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives2can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say （） .A. “ It ’ s very nice ”B. “ This is really what I want ”C. “ It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much ”D. “ How much is it? Thank you very much ”22.The English equivalents to 副” in Chinese“are（）.A. lieutenantB. underC. deputyD. vice23.In English culture, “ white （” connotes）.A. reactionB. deathC. innocenceD. purity24.Inductive argumentation has been related to （） .A. The linear thinking patternB. The branching thinking patternC. Inductive reasoningD. Indirect personality25.In individualistic culture, （） .A. an unexpected visitor may be refused franklyB. when you visit somebody, you could stay at his or her home for longC. it is quite common for several friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurantD. it ’ s not common for parents to pay their children for what they have done for the family26. “ A Pandora ’ s box ” refers to a present or something（） .A. which the gods send to PandoraB. which brings happiness but looks uglyC. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroomD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune27.Much of the （） information is conveyed by eye behaviours.A. factualB. attitudinalC. emotionalD. cultural28.In general, American ’ s postures are（ more ） than the Chinese speakers ’.A. casualB. aggressiveC. reservedD. appropriate29.The English speakers who expect a text to be developed linearly may find it（）.A. interesting to read a spirally developed textB. difficult to follow a spirally developed textC. illogic to develop a text spirallyD. reasonable to develop a text spirally30. “哪里” as a reply to a polite comment such as“ You’ re one of the top scholars in this field. can be translated into （“ ）”.A. No. That’ s not trueB. Not reallyC. It’ s such a small fieldD. You ’ re jokingⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)331.In a formal English letter of invitation, the inviter’names normally comes___________the invitee ’ s name.32.The English equivalent of 内人is___________.33.The English functional equivalent to您过奖了is___________.34.Only human beings possess what can be called ___________ in the true sense of the term.35.Never cast your ___________ before swine.36.Man proposes, God ___________.37.Many plant and place names such as “ poker and” “ Mississippi in ”American English come from ___________.38.Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________ ways.39.English speakers are direct people who tend to locate ___________ meaning before peripheral meaning.40.A little old woman with a wrinkle face as brown as a ___________ told us our fortune for ten pence.41.Differences in word order between Chinese and English are related to ___________.42.___________ time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is artistic thinking?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word“ raincoat”?45.What’ s the general rule in English culture when introductions are conducted?46.From which language is the word“ cookie” borrowed?47.What does“ a white hope” refer to?48.Are there honourifics in English? If there are, what are they?Ⅴ. Translation: (16%)49.It ’ s a long time since he went west.50.Rain started patter on the roof.51.You can ’ t judge a person according to his or her appearance.52.One cannot find so many place brand names in English speaking countries, especially the“ melting pots ” like the U.S.A. 53.人不犯我，我不犯人。
2024年4月高等教育自学考试《00541语言学概论》试题附参考答案
2024年4月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码:005411.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
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1.方言之间的差异主要体现在A.语法方面B.语音方面C.语汇方面D.语义方面2认为不同的语言就有不同的思维方式的观点被称作A.语言相关论B.语言能力论C.语言反应论D.语言认知论3.下面各项属于传统“小学”的是A.音韵学B.音响学C.音位学D.音律学4.下面各词中借自佛经的是A.苜蓿B.罗汉C.蛮夷D.大戎5.语言本质上是一种A.个人现象B.社会现象C.物理现象D.天然现象6.掌管人的语言和抽象思维活动的是大脑的A.脑桥B.右半球C.左半球D.右半球的某些部位7.“三好”“环保”属于A.惯用语B.专有名词C.成语D.简缩词语8.下面各项中具有排他性特征的是A.隐语B.隐含C.隐喻D.影射9.“书包”这个词的能指是A.“书包”这两个字B.“书包”的意思C.“书包”的声音D.“书包”的用法10.把“You are a lucky dog”译为“你是一条幸运狗”属于A.语汇平面翻译B.句法平面翻译C.语义平面翻译D.语境平面翻译11.“犬子”是一种A.自称B.面称C.厌称D.谦称12.下面各项中属于礼貌原则的是A.质量和数量B.相关和负责C.得体和慷慨D.理解和赞同13.下面语言属于孤立语的是A.日语B.汉语C.英语D.维吾尔语14.不同行业的“行话”属于A.地域方言B.社会方言C.亲属语言D.混合语言15.汉族过年时“福”字倒贴，称“福倒(到)了”，这是一种A.反说话B.避讳话C.吉祥话D.惯用话16.下面方言属于北方方言的是A.长沙话B.武汉话C.南昌话D.上海话17.用概念、判断和推理等复杂逻辑形式进行的思维活动是A.发散思维B.表象思维C.抽象思维D.感性思维18.下面辅音中属于擦音的是A.[f]B.[t]C.[b]D.[m]19.一个民族的全体或部分成员放弃使用本民族语言转而使用另一民族语言的现象叫A.语言混合B.语言转用C.克里奥尔D.双语现象20.能听懂别人说话但基本不能看懂文字表达的意思，这样的语言障碍是A.失忆症B.失写症C.失话症D.失读症非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
10月全国语言与文化自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. pudding2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinship3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming theirnewly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh”means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious8.The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴”can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipB.A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea1D. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green”connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报”is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer”is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of thetext and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most Europeancountries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____”in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?2A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21._____ are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo”alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacle23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartan24.The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple”in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27._____ is onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Click28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say“_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.29._____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30.A “slow”student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded student3B. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature”is the euphemism for _____.34.The English equivalent of “寒舍”is _____.35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ andoften located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning differentfrom that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临”is _____.40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着”in China.42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinarynews in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。
全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化考试试题
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However,a person who cannot speak is normally regarded as “disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gover nment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function only as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything?Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?A.0B.lC.2D.37. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better work with help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
浙江4月自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月自考语言与文化试题课程代码：10058Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement(20%).All your answers should be on ANSWER SHEET.1.Culture in its technical sense is ____.It is a social,national and historical phenomenon.A.smallB.human specificC.anthropologicalD.general and abstract2.The medium of verbal interaction is ____.A.thoughtnguageC.culturemunication3.“The comforter”and “the Holy Ghost”both refer to God in religious English,the former sounds warm and the latter sounds awesome because these are the ____ meaning of these two terms.A.conceptualB.collocativeC.connotativeD.reflected4.A fortified building or a group of buildings within a defensive wall is called ____.A.fortB.castleC.superiorD.scalp5.A legal holiday in England is the first week day after Christmas calls ____.A.Thanks givingB.Boxing DayC.EasterD.Anzac Day6.A drink of spirits mixed with others or with various flavorings is called ____.A.red wineB.white wineC.whiskyD.cocktail7.A game played on filed divided into four zones between two teams of 11 players is called ____.A.hockeyB.rugbyC.poloD.baseball8.“Disinterested”corresponds to ____.A.公正的B.不感兴趣的C.讨厌的D.无聊的9.Religious name “Angela”means ____.A.天使B.安琪拉C.上帝的使者D.上帝赐我一个儿子10.Religious name “Daphne”means in Chinese ____.A.山茶花B.月桂C.达芙妮D.蝴蝶花11.“Goodbye”is derived from the expression____.A.“Good luck for you”B.“God bless you”C.“God be with you”D.“Looking forward to seeing you again”12.When offering another person to be first in going through a door getting in a car,the normal expression is ____.A.after youB.You go first pleaseC.Would you like to go first?D.Can you go first,please?13.“A working party was set up to look into the problem”.Here“look into”means ____.A.to settleB.to deal withC.to investigateD.to face14.English idiom “look about”corresponds in meaning to ____from French.A.seekB.despiseC.thinkD.examine15.If someone has a chip on their shoulder,they____.A.behave gentlyB.have an angry attitudeC.have to deal with a seriousD.have been treated unfairly16.“To be very careful and correct in one’s behavior”is synonymous to____.A.Mr.RightB.mind one’s p’s and q’sC.keep one’s own companyD.keep one’s nose clean17.“To show Confidence in one’s worth,good character and ability”best matches ____.A.to ride one’s high horseB.to go about with one’s headC.to keep one’s nose cleanD.to hold one’s head high18.“Never,however long one tries”,best matches ____.A.to miss the boatB.a nine day’s wonderC.to keep one’s own companyD.not in a hundred years19.“The Child is father of the man”is originally from____.A.William Wordsworth's poemB.the Canterbury talesC.English traditionD.the history of England20.“A white Christmas”refers to ____.A.snow at Christmas time]B.purity at Christmas timeC.innocence at Christmas timeD.nothing done at Christmas timeⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative(s) can complete the statement.There might be more than one correct answer(10%)1.Words neutral in meaning in English but pejorative in Chinese are ____.ndlordB.capitalistC.bossD.love or free love2.“Procure”and “secure”are direct borrowings from____.A.FrenchtinC.Old NorseD.English Origin3.In English culture people often ____.A.put the more important information before the less oneB.put the less important information before the more oneC.put the more specific information before the less oneD.put the less specific information before the more one4.Terms of family relationship like ____ can be used as vocatives.A.motherB.mother in lawC.brotherD.aunt5.If the person calling says,“May I speak to Mr.James,please?”and Mr.James is available,the person answering the phone normally says ____.A.“Just a moment,sir”B.“Yes,just a second”C.“Hold on a moment,sir”D.“hold the line,sir”6.“Not even to get the first base”means ____.A.to abandon a struggle or contestB.the behavior of motorists who do not stop after causing an accidentC.fail early or at the very beginning of an attemptD.lose opportunity to obtain something7.In English culture “blue”connotes ____.A.unhappy feellingsB.high social positionC.being aristocraticD.jealous8.____illustrate(s)the metaphor that love is a physical force.A.They are attracted to each otherB.His whole life revoles around herC.The atmosphere around him is always changedD.There is incredible energy in their relationship9.____ are all euphemisms for “poor”.A.Not richB.NeedyC.UnderprivilegedD.Disadvantaged10.Inductive argumentation has been related to ____.A.the linear thinking patternB.the branching thinking patternC.inductive reasoningD.indirect personalityⅢ.Each of the following statements has an underlined space.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression(12%).1.The leader of the British government is called ____.2.A rich steamed pudding containing dried fruit and candied peel with sugar,spices eaten traditionally at Christmas is called ____.3.____refers to two slices of buttered bread put face together with meat,fish,salad or vegetables in them.4.____refers to filthy TV shows that are on late at night.5.Cooker corresponds to ____ in Chinese.6.Cattle for male,female and young respectively is ____7.The word in British English for “breastpin”is ____8.The word in British Englsih for “faucet”is ____9.The word in American English for “biscuit”is____10.____refers to put to death by mob action without legal procedures.11.____is simply a sleepless night.12.The English equivalent for “趁热打铁”is____Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)1.What does “Boxing Day”correspond to in Chinese?2.Does “equalitarianism”convey the same meaning as “平均主义”?3.What does “a Shylock”allude to?4.What is the English equivalent for “智者千虑，必有一失”?5.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “He's as deep as a well”?6.What are the euphemisms for the racist word“Niger”?7.What are the British English equivalents for “subway”and “gas”?8.How are “tyre”and “storey”spelled in American Englsih?9.What is a “hot dog”?10.What is the term used to refer to young duck?11.What do we say“副教授”in English?12.What does “crossing one's forefinger and middle finger”signify?Ⅴ.Translation(16%)A:Translate the following into Chinese(8%)1.God sends meat and the devil sends cooks2.A big fish in a small pond3.An Englishman's house is his castle4.The marriage of true mindsB:Translate the following into English(8%)5.达摩克里斯头上的剑(临头的危险)6.红人7.酒沉味醇，人老识深8.寿终正寝Ⅵ.Define the following terms(10%)1.honorifics2.deductive argumentation3.nonverbal communication4.the future oriented society?Ⅶ.Discuss the following topics.(20%)1.Why is it said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese a language with implicit grammar?Discuss this linguistic contrast in relation to English and Chinese cultures.2.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese advertising?。
语言与文化自考题-3_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
语言与文化自考题-3(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternativescarefully and decide which of the four alternatives **pletes the statement.1."Culture" is a loan word from ______.A.French B. LatinC.RomanD. NorwegianSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B主要考查对文化的了解。
在英语中culture是拉丁语的借用词，该词的主要含义是“耕种土地”。
2."Associate" can be used together with ______.A.professorB. presidentC.chairman D . generalSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A本题主要考查词汇的搭配意义。
associate可以和professor，editor，director等搭配使用。
3.A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ______.A.hockeyB. rugbyC.poloD. golfSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C本题主要考查与生活方式有关的英语词汇。
polo(马球)指运动员在马背上进行比赛，两队各出3—4名队员，场地长274米，宽146米或183米。
队员用打马球的带有弹性的球棍击球，马球是用竹条或柳根制成，以打进球门得分。
语言与文化自考题-5_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
语言与文化自考题-5(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternativescarefully and decide which of the four alternatives **pletes the statement.1.Language is ______ in that it is rule governed.A.arbitrary B. vocalC.systematic D . symbolicSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C主要考查语言的系统性特征。
语言是由规则支配的。
构成语言的成分须遵循某些特定的规则。
人们必须讲遵循规则所构成的语言，否则，人们就无法进行交际，孩子们也不可能进行语言学习。
因此，语言是系统的。
2.The relationship between language and culture is that ______.A. language determines cultureB. culture determines languageC. language and cultureinteract D. language and culture are parallelSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C主要考查语言与文化之间的关系。
语言与文化紧密联系，相互影响，相互制约。
3.In its narrow sense "culture" can be defined as ______ of a population.A.conceptsB. lifewayC. behavioralpatterns D. social institutionsSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B主要考查狭义上的文化的定义。
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全国高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Language is_________. （）A. the product of the human brainB. rule governedC. independent of cultureD. the result of social institutions2.Culture is a social phenomenon because it is a _________ product of human societies.（）A. technical B. cooperativeC. newD. language3.A_________is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.（）A. semi houseB. balconyC. plotD. yard4.English is often referred to as a _________ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements. （）A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. branchingD. linear5.Decide which of the following words is the word with an inflectional morpheme.（）A. completeB. behaviorC. playedD. membership6.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_________.（）A. “Thank you very much. How much is it?”B. “Where did you get it? This is really what I want.”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much.”D. “It’s very nice.”7.Which expression is NOT appropriate for you to use after you receive an apology? （）1A. It’s O.K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.8. A: Is Jenny co .ruing to the party?B: Yes, she is.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit_________. （）A. cohesionB. coherenceC. coexistenceD. cooperation9.Most of the cultural interpretations of the difference between English and Chinese at the textual level are_________.（）A. conclusions rather than tentative assumptionsB,. tentative assumptions rather than conclusionsC. either tentative assumptions or conclusionsD. neither tentative assumptions nor conclusions10. In American English, the equivalent word for“公寓”is_________.（）A. departmentB. flatC. apartmentD. basement11.7 days without 7-up make one weak.In this advertisement, one can find the tactful use of _________.（）A. homophonesB. figure of speechC. repetitionD. several adjectives12. Nodding means “agreement”to Chinese and most Europeans. But in the Eskimo gesturalsystem, head nodding means“_________”. （）A. yesB. angerC. pleasureD. no13. _________is a construction, expression, etc., having a meaning different from the literal oneor not according to the usual patterns of the language.（）A. “To pull one’s leg”B. “To keep a straight face”C. “To make a cat laugh”D. “To ride one’s high horse”14. The proverb “Homer sometimes nods”is related to_________.2（）A. Christianity B. Greco-Roman civilizationC. individualismD. insular culture15. In English culture _________ connote wisdom.A. miceB. chickensC. owlsD. mules16. _________is the symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.（）A. A white slaveB. A white elephantC. A white hopeD. A white feather17. _________shows a biased attitude towards certain ethnic groups.A. Racist languageB. Religious languageC. Sexist languageD. Metaphorical language18. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: _________.（）A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension19. _________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.A. HonourificsB. Terms of humilityC. EuphemismsD. Taboos20. For example, a boy told his mother in a whispering voice that it was not he who broke thevase but did not dare to look at his mother in her eyes. How could one interpret his verbal and nonverbal messages? （）A. Complementing.B. Contradicting.C. RepeatingD. Regulating.Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Some of the important properties in a language are_________. （）3A. a set of symbolsB. human specificC. vocalD. unsystematic22. “Handsome”means nice looking and can be used together with the followingwords_________.（）A. villageB. vesselC. typewriterD. overcoat23. Inductive argumentation has been related to_________.（）A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality24. When people are introduced, _________.（）A. they always shake handsB. they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC. they do not always shake handsD. men shake hands more often than women25. The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be classified into_________.（）A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal26. The word “hero”can be pronounced as_________.（）A. ['her∂v]B. ['hi:r∂v]C. ['hir∂v]D. ['hi∂r∂v]27. Silence may send the nonverbal messages of_________.（）A. displeasureB. pleasureC. indifferenceD. irritation28. _________means to be clumsy.（）A. “To put one’s foot in one’s mouth”B. “To be all thumbs”C. “To have a chip on one’s shoulder”D. “To have two left feet”29. _________have the metaphorical meaning of timidity.（）4A. BeaversB. LambsC. MiceD. Chickens30. _________is a euphemistic synonym of “poor ”.A. DeprivedB. NeedyC. UnderprivilegedD. DisadvantagedIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)31. Language is vocal, which means that speech is the ___________________of language.32. Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________________ ways.33. “2006年8月12日下午3点”can be translated into___________________.34. John Bull is ___________________ personified.35. It has been claimed that English texts develop in a ___________________ fashion, whileChinese ones develop in a spiral way.36. A national language may have several regional___________________.37. Though Chinese speakers tend to say “犟牛”to mean stubborn, English speakers would say “as stubborn as a___________________”in similar situations.38. The English expression equivalent to “敝校”is___________________.39. If a person stretches out his forefinger and the middle finger apart, he means______________.40 The English idiom equivalent to“鹤立鸡群”or“羊群里的骆驼”is“___________________”. IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41 What is the English equivalent for “挂钟”?42. What are the four types of common English names?43. What does a white slave refer to?44. What is the typical text structure of letters of request in English? And how does it differ fromthat of Chinese letters?V. Translation. (18%)45．不动声色46．久仰大名47. My hands are as cold as ice．48. Wine and judgment matures with age.49. The Chinese people prefer the order in which the modifier appears before the head because5they are indirect. For the same reason, the subordinate clause precedes the main clause in Chinese.50. In China when people visit a friend and have dinner with his or her family, the host or hostess often says, “These are the best dishes we can supply. Please feel at home and help yourselves”. Vl. Discuss the following topics. (20%)51. What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?52. “Plain looking”, “heavy”, “slender”, “physically handicapped”, and “hard of hearing”are some commonly used euphemisms. How do we use those euphemisms related to human appearance?6。