商务英语专有名词解释

Деловой перевод.Forms of ownership:–Sole Proprietorship—a business owned and operated by a single individual.–Partnership---- партнёрство— a business owned by two or more people.–Limited Company—a company where ownership is represented by company＇sshares.1. Board of directors---.Cовет директоров —the officials elected by shareholderswho rule the company2. Current liabilities—the money that a company during which certain goods areproduced.3. Dividends—company profits paid to shareholders.4. Entrepreneur-- Предприниматель—person who sets up a new commercialenterprise to make a profit.5. Indebtedness -- задолженность– amount of debts6. Initial funds --funds used in starting a business.7. Liabilities -- Обязательства– the amount of debt that must be paid.8. Shareholders-- акционер–those who own shares of a company＇s stock.9. Accounting –бухгалтерия---- the action or process of keeping financialaccounts. Is a system of gathering , summarizing and communicatingfinancial information for a business firm, government or otherorganizations.10. Balance sheet –Балансовый отчёт - is a statement which describes thecompanies resources and indicates where these resources havecome from.11. Bankruptcy –Банкротство-when a company is judged legally to be unable topay it´s debts .12. Fiscal policy/tax policy –Налоговая политка - is a government＇s policy thatdeals with government＇s taxing and spending programs.13. Income statement—a report of firm＇s revenue and expenses during a certainperiod.14. Rate of inflation –Уровень инфляции - is the amount on the speed ofinflation.15. Sales ledger –Книга учёта - a book in which a company records all it´s sales.16. Distribution—the movement of goods & services from producer to customer.17. Assets18. Barter—exchanging of goods and services for other goods or services.19. Equity capital---funds (in a company) raised by selling stock and retainedearnings.20. Bond—a certificate issued by the government or a company promising to payback borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest on a specified date.21. Cash----22. Fixed assets----23. Cash on delivery----a method of payment for goods at the time of delivery24. Cash with order—a method of payment for goods when cash is paid to thesupplier at the time that the order in placed.25. Commodity----26. Consumer----somebody, who uses goods or services.27. Currency—the money in use in a country.28. Demand----Спрос -—customer interest in acquiring smth.29. Supply---предложениe – the quantities of a type of goods available on themarket.30. Supplier—the company that provides the materials needed for manufacturing aproduct31. Raw materials----the materials used in a manufacturing process.32. Working in progress (WIP)—the stage in a company during which certaingoods are produced.33. Finished stock----a supply of goods for sale, usually kept at a warehouse.34. Current assets—include cash and items that can be easily turned into cash35. Durable goods—long-lasting products.36. Advertising---the promotion of goods or services through media.37. Advertising agency—an organization which provides (for a certain commission)advertising services.38. Discount----скидка—a reduction in the usual price of something.39. To settle a complaint---to put things in order to satisfy the customer.40. Hire-purchase contracts (installment sales)—a system for buying goodsinvolving a series of payments at regular intervals.41.JIT (just in time) ----a manufacturing and stock-control system in which goodsare produced and delivered as they are required.42. Lean production---doing things as quickly and cheaply as possible, withoutwaste.43. Marketing—the activity of presenting advertising and selling company’sproducts in the best possible way.44. Markup----the difference between the manufacturing cost of an item and itsselling price.45. Output----46. Outsourcing---using outside suppliers for goods or services.47. Premises---the buildings used in running a business.48. Profit--- прибыль– money that you gain by selling things or doing businessafter your costs have been paid.49. Real estate—land including all the property on it.50. Receivables—the assets owed to a company.51. To retail--- продаватьврозницу—to sell goods to customers in smallquantities and without a discount. (to sell in small amounts)52.To wholesale---- продаватьоптом—to sell goods in large amounts.53. Seasonal demand—the demand dependent on the time of year.54. Stock (inventory) ----a supply of raw materials, work-in –progress and finishedgoods that is available for use.55. Working capital—the money that a business has available for its operation.56. Bad debts—a sum of money owed that is unlikely to be repaid.57. Credit card---58. Credit limit—the maximum amount of credit given to a customer.59. Credit rating—the figure showing a customer's ability to repay money or goodsgiven on credit.60. Debtor ---- должник– a person who owes money61. Creditor—a person (organization) to which money is owed.62. To default on (re)payment—to fail to pay a debt.63. Interest—a charge for the use of loan.64. Long-term loan—a loan given for a period of 5 years or more.65. Short-term loan—the loan given for a period of up to 5 years.66. Terms of credit—the conditions of granting a credit.67. Trade credit—the goods given on credit.68. Income tax—a tax paid on money made from employment , business or capital.69. Market economy—an economy where economic decisions are determined bythe market and the laws of supply and demand70. Mixed economy—an economy that combines elements of market and commandeconomies.71. Command economy—an economy in which the government makes economicdecisions about production and distribution.72. Monetary policy—government’s policy that deals with interest rates,availability of loans and money supply.73. Benchmarking—studying organizations that are among the best in the world atperforming a particular task.74. Boom—a period of rapid economic growth75. Recession — a period of decline in economic activity.76. Economic environment—the environment in which firms, people, governmentand local authorities deal with economic matters.77. Exports—products sold to another country78. Imports—products brought into one country from another country.79. Securities – stocks or shares in a company.80. Stock market ---- фондовойрынок– the place where stocks and shares arebought and sold。