2017考研英语 阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P7—教育学
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P7—教育学Passage 7As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our p.r. people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like A T&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek.Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek.Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript," he says, but Tek.Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.注(1)：文选自Time;05/17/99, p92H;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象为2002年真题text 3;1. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.[A] too much competition in job market[B] their lack of technical expertise[C] company’s discrimination against liberal-arts students[D] the recording-breaking unemployment rate2. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.[A] in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a job[B] independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationt[C] retailers are following the fashion only to promote sales[D] there is a big demand for students with technical skills3. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.[A] offer VFIC members’graduates more job opportunities[B] compete with LSAT and CPA[C] help students cope with real world problems[D] test students’technical skills4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.[A] liberal arts education still proves valuable to students[B] Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alike[C] Technology companies are eager to promote Tek-Xam[D] computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students5. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.[A] positive[B] suspicious[C] pessimistic[D] disapproving答案：B D D A A篇章剖析：本篇文章是说明文，主要介绍当前就业市场对技术知识的巨大需求以及为应对这种需求而设立的“技术考试”。
英语阅读理解精读100篇UNIT10
UNIT TENTEXT ONEWhen Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories? Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular--in which a student commits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus for both schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class before January, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regular admission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so comparing awards with those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, of course, because it helps their bottom line. But there is a possible end run: Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid package fall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admission pool, allowing for comparison shopping come springtime.While some schools admit almost the same percentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor the early pool. Johns Hopkins University took 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool. Early birds at Hopkins make up a third of this fall's freshman class.Nonetheless, college counselors have seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "If they aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decision may be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair of post-high-school counseling at New Trier Township High School in Winnetka, Ill. But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's out of reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regular admission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass. "Move on and set some new goals."Advantage or not, applying early decision makes sense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murray decided to apply to Dartmouth early despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted her to beef up her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy. But the teenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experience abroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores didn't hurt, either) and was accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number of schools," she admits, "but Dartmouth was the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was a gut reaction."If you lack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing, consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternative that allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regular application deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submit only one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaning you can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rolling admissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out more than one that arrives with most of the others in January.1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?[A] Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.[B] Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.[C] Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.[D] Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____[A] students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.[B] it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.[C] it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.[D] it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping.3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that_____[A] early decision is not so advantageous as people think. [B] students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.[C] students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.[D] students should not limit themselves in early decision.4.Wyo applied to Dartmouthbecause_____[A] she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad. [B] the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.[C] she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.[D] her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____[A] applying to early action.[B] applying to rolling admissions.[C] applying to early decision.[D] applying single-choice early action.文章剖析：这篇文章主要讲述了美国的提前择校制度。
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案下面是为大家整理的考研英语阅读理解真题，希望对大家有所帮助。
Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker，while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske，In fact women say they feel better a t wor k. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without，but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home， they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty muchknow what they're supposed to be doing：working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done，there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the factthat ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。
【2017考研】考研英语阅读理解150篇(详解版)
目录Unit One---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 PartA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1Text1儿童教育和沟通结合-----------------------------------------------------------------1Text2克隆人和动物--------------------------------------------------------------------------6Text3太阳系内速度限制--------------------------------------------------------------------11Text4互联网和电脑等新型通讯技术的应用--------------------------------------------15 Part B盗窃--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20Part C撒谎--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25翻译技巧补充：英译汉概述（一）------------------------------------------------------29Unit Two----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32Text1加拿大社会的劣质服务---------------------------------------------------------------32 Text2未来汽车---------------------------------------------------------------------------------36Text3广告业是美国经济的晴雨表---------------------------------------------------------41 Text4英国学业间断期------------------------------------------------------------------------46Part B生命进化历史---------------------------------------------------------------------------51Part C情感商机---------------------------------------------------------------------------------56翻译技巧补充：英译汉概述（二）------------------------------------------------------60Unit Three--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63Text1美、加之间贸易摩擦------------------------------------------------------------------63 Text2现代人对维多利亚时代英国人的看法---------------------------------------------68 Text3探讨时尚---------------------------------------------------------------------------------72Text4基因检测法用于侦破案件------------------------------------------------------------76 Part B立法机构在制定法律过程中的作用------------------------------------------------81 Part C美国黑人文学---------------------------------------------------------------------------86翻译技巧补充：词义的选择----------------------------------------------------------------89Unit Four------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91Text1五大湖环境状况--------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Text2欧洲铁路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 Text3教师资格认证体系-----------------------------------------------------------------------99 Text4美国食品药品管理局面临的困难-----------------------------------------------------105 Part B网上商务-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------110 Part C物种灭绝-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------116翻译技巧补充：词义的抽象与具体---------------------------------------------------------119 Unit Five--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Part A-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text1鸡蛋中培养流感疫苗-----------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text2国际数学评估反映美国教育问题--------------------------------------------------------126 Text3美国经济不景气----------------------------------------------------------------------------131 Text4全国防止虐待儿童协会-------------------------------------------------------------------137 Part B经济学角度解决垃圾收集问题----------------------------------------------------------142 Part C个人发明和大企业组织的研究----------------------------------------------------------147翻译技巧补充：词性的转换---------------------------------------------------------------------151 Unit Six----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Part A--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Text1童工、教育和贫困--------------------------------------------------------------------------153 Text2加州能源管制--------------------------------------------------------------------------------158 Text3美国社会保障的私有化--------------------------------------------------------------------163 Text4现代美容手术的普及-----------------------------------------------------------------------167 Part B演讲--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------172 Part C幻听--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------177翻译技巧补充：词汇的增译和减译------------------------------------------------------------180 Unit Seven-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text1全球经济滞胀----------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text2印度妇女受到性别歧视----------------------------------------------------------------------189 Text3梦成现实----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------193 Text4新的教育体制观念----------------------------------------------------------------------------198 Part B优秀的领导者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 Part C英国人是政治动物----------------------------------------------------------------------------208翻译技巧补充：重复译----------------------------------------------------------------------------211 Unit Eight----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text1外表的美与内在的美--------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text2生态环境与恐怖主义--------------------------------------------------------------------------218 Text3网络信息安全性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------223 Text4北美印第安音乐--------------------------------------------------------------------------------228 Part BB为青春期的变化做准备---------------------------------------------------------------------232 Part C地球日--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------237翻译技巧补充：正义反译和反义正译-----------------------------------------------------------240 Unit Nine------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Text1美国解除飞机上使用手机的禁令-----------------------------------------------------------242 Text2环境预防原则-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------247 Text3索尼公司的管理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------253 Text4音乐与政治--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------258 Part B人类艺术与动物类似行为的区别----------------------------------------------------------263 Part C社会保障----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------270翻译技巧补充：分译与合译-----------------------------------------------------------------------273 Unit Ten-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text1戏剧包含的要素-------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text2节省更多时间来工作的观念----------------------------------------------------------------280 Text3巴西足球运动事业现状----------------------------------------------------------------------286 Text4游戏领域女性工作人员很少----------------------------------------------------------------292 Part B面试----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------297 Part C甘地的和平主义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------303翻译技巧补充：倒置法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------306 Unit Eleven--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Text1企业绿色外衣现象---------------------------------------------------------------------------308Text2音乐物质文化---------------------------------------------------------------------------------313Text3肥胖问题---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------317Text4美国在联合国欠费问题---------------------------------------------------------------------323Part B个人着装--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------327Part C年轻的作家模仿莎士比亚----------------------------------------------------------------333翻译技巧补充：插入法---------------------------------------------------------------------------336Unit Twelve-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text1新闻如何吸引读者--------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text2星际网络--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------343Text3荷兰艺术家及其作品-----------------------------------------------------------------------347Text4艾滋病最新治疗思路-----------------------------------------------------------------------352Part B成为成功的老板-----------------------------------------------------------------------------357Part C经济学史--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------363翻译技巧补充：重组法----------------------------------------------------------------------------365全书答案汇总------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3682007年6月26日张剑曾鸣编著《英语阅读理解150篇》Unit OnePart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Not long after the telephone was invented,I assume,a call was placed.The caller was a parent saying,“your child is bullying my child,and I want it stopped!”The bully's parent replied,“you must have the wrong number.My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later,the conversation is the same.When children are teased or tyrannized,the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant.But these days,as studies in the U.S.show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline,researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever.Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents,you want them to“extract the cruelty”from their bullying children,says Laura Kavesh,a child psychologist in Evanston,Illinois.“But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel.They won t believe it.”In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor,Washington,89%of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior.Yet only18%of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey,5%of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying.But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted,causing tempers to flare.Instead,they say,parents should get objective outsiders,like principals,to mediate.Meanwhile,if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying,listen without getting defensive.That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley,California,did when a caller told her that her then13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food.Her son had confessed,but the victim's mom“wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,”says McHugh,who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases.She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote,but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously.McHugh,founder of Parents Coach Kids,a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results.All were negative.Remember:once you make a call,you might not like what you hear.If you have an itchy dialing finger,resist temptation.Put it in your pocket.［419words］1.The word“bullying”probably means______.［A］frightening and hurting［B］teasing［C］behaving like a tyrant［D］laughing at2.Calling to a bully's parent.______.［A］has long existed but changed its content［B］is often done with careful thinking［C］often leads to blaming and misunderstanding［D］is used to warn the child not to do it again3.According to the surveys in the U.S.,_______.［A］bullying among adults is also rising［B］parents are not supervising their children well［C］parents seldom believe bullies［D］most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying4.When bullying occurs,parents should_______.［A］help the bulling child get rid of cruelty［B］resort to the mediator［C］avoid getting too protective［D］resist the temptation of callingura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.［A］her son confessed to being wrong［B］she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent［C］he was likely to be affected by these diseases［D］she wanted to teach her own son a lesson核心词汇blow away*①to completely surprise sb.,to affect intensely;overwhelm使大为惊讶；强烈影响，征服例：That concert blew me away.音乐会震撼了我。
考研英语阅读理解20171001
考研英语阅读理解20171001一、考研阅读理解昨天留的家庭作业:Quitting smoking is one of the healthiest things a person can do, especially for teenage smokers who battle not only addiction but also the social pressure to keep lighting up.Now new evidence that suggests a way to make their efforts easier: exercise. In a study involving 233 teens aged 14 to 19, teens who participated in a smoking cessation program combined with exercise were more likely to quit smoking than those who were provided only minimal stop-smoking counseling.Students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one group got a single smoking cessation session; a second group got a more intensive, 10-week stop-smoking program known as Not On Tobacco (NOT); and a third received a combination of NOT and fitness education. After three months, nearly 14% of the teens in the combination group had quit, compared with only 5% in the first group and 11% of the second.The third group consisted only of five minutes of additional advice about exercise given at each weekly session. The participants were counseled on how physical activity can maintain good health and possibly help in giving up cigarettes. The students didn't exercise during the NOT sessions, but scheduled and participated in physical activity on their own, outside of the program.The effect of the additional information on exercise was most striking among boys. It didn't hold for the girls, however. More girls in the NOT alone program quit smoking after three months than those getting smoking and exercise counseling. Horn, aprofessor of community medicine, can't explain the gender difference. But she suggests that it may have something to do with the fact that teen girls don't engage in as much vigorous physical activity or organized sports as boys do.Still the results suggest that exercise might help motivate at least some teens, including girls. "Even a small amount of time spent by counselors in motivating kids toward increased physical activity may have pretty significant impacts on health and health economics," says Horn.She says the extra benefit is important. The latest data show that smoking rates among teens, which have recently declined dramatically, are starting to plateau. Anything that can help push that percentage lower would be welcome, say health experts.In the study, Horn's group recorded both the students' self-reports about whether they had quit, as well as more objective measures of nicotine in their system via a carbon monoxide reader. At the start of the study, all of the students were smoking at least half a pack a day during the week and more over the weekends, and wanted to quit.It's not clear why exactly exercise may help teens quit, but Horn says she is reviewing her data to learn more about the types of exercise the students used, and how long they were active every day. She hopes it will lead to better advice for teens who might be having a hard time kicking cigarettes.1.Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs?[A] Teenage smokers are faced with more peer pressures.[B] Counseling has little effect on teenagers' quitting smoking.[C] The longer the program lasts, the more likely teenagersquit smoking.[D] Fitness education plays an important role in helping teenagers quit smoking.2.Which of the following is true about the third smoking cessation program?[A] It lasts for 10 weeks and involves 233 participants.[B] It shows more obvious effects on boys than girls.[C] It includes five minutes' physical exercise for each session.[D] More girls quit smoking in this program than in other two programs.3.We can learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7 that______.[A] smoking control will contain the development of health economics[B] more efforts should be made to lower smoking rates[C] the traditional anti-smoking programs never worked[D] the smoking rates have been declining since the program starts4. According to the last two paragraphs, Horn's group______.[A] recorded the participants' self-report about nicotine they take in[B] observed how many cigarettes the participants smoked every week[C] studied the types of exercise that are helpful to quit smoking[D] are still not clear about why exercises can help quit smoking5. The text intends to tell us that______.[A] the methods of quitting smoking work differently on boys and girls[B] teenagers who exercise more are less likely to take up smoking[C] exercise can make it easier for teenagers to quit smoking[D] the current smoking rates call for effective ways to kick cigarettes试题透析1. 根据文章前三段内容，以下哪一项是正确的？A.青少年烟民面临着更大的来自同辈的压力。
新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇
新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT 22•TEXT ONEAlthough it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient—it is also expected to last longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination.The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail. The electrodes wear out. They can react chemically with the gas inside the light bulb, making it grow dimmer. They are also difficult to seal into the structure of the bulb, making the rupture of these seals another potential source of failure.Scientists working for Ceravision, a company based in Milton Keynes, in Britain, have designed a new form of lamp that eliminates the need for electrodes. Their device uses microwaves to transform electricity into light. It consists of a relatively small lump of aluminium oxide into which a hole has been bored. When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void.If a cylindrical capsule containing a suitable gas is inserted into the hole, the atoms of the gas become ionised. As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. The resulting light is bright, and the process is energy-efficient. Indeed, whereas traditional light bulbs emit just 5% of their energy as light, and fluorescent tubes about 15%, the Ceravision lamp has an efficiency greater than 50%.Because the lamp has no filament, the scientists who developed it think it will last for thousands of hours of use—in other words, for decades. Moreover, the light it generates comes from what is almost a single point, which means that the bulbs can be used in projectors and televisions. Because of this, the light is much more directional and the lamp could thus prove more efficient than bulbs that scatter light in all directions. Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive. The lamps' small size makes them comparable to light-emitting diodes but the new lamp generates much brighter light than those semiconductor devices do. A single microwave generator can be used to power several lamps.Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury,a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors. And Ceravision also reckons it should be cheap to make. With lighting accounting for some 20% of electricity use worldwide, switching to a more efficient system could both save energy and reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.1．The function of electrodes in the traditional lamp is to _____[A] transform electricity into light through chemical reaction with the gas inside the bulb.[B] seal the rupture of the structure of the bulb so as to prevent potential failure.[C] connect the glass housing with the lighting device.[D] seal the bulbs into the lighting system to ensure that the bulb’s normal function.2. Which one of the following statements is TURE of the design principle of the new lamp?[A] No electricity is conducted into the lamp from outside.[B] The energy is created by the collision of the electrons and atoms and molecules of the gas.[C] The light is created by the ionized atoms of the gas.[D] The electricity is created as the atoms of the gas are ionized.3．The new type of lamp can be energy-efficient because of the following reason except_____[A] the light it generates focuses on one direction indeed of scatter light.[B] the light it generates is more concentrated.[C] only microwave acts as the power supplier for the lamp.[D] the light it generates is more bright.4. The new light is ideal for some special buildings mentioned in the passage because_____[A] the new light bulbs are not so complicated nor expensive.[B] the new light bulbs are more advantageous than the semiconductor devices.[C] the new light bulbs can last for a much longer time.[D] the new light bulbs makes light changing easier and cheaper.5. Which one of the following is NOT the advantage of this new lamp?[A] It is environment friendly.[B] It can be made at a lower cost.[C] It is safer for people.[D] It is multi-purpose.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了一种新发明的灯泡。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit44
Just over 20 years ago, IBM introduced the PC jr. Derided as awkward and underpowered, the PC jr. never caught on with kids or parents. But then again, IBM didn't have the Mouse behind it. Backed by a posse of Mickey, Minnie, and Pluto, the Walt Disney Co. is looking to do what IBM never could: successfully market a computer system designed specifically for kids. The Disney Dream Desk PC （$600） and its complementary big-eared, 14.1-inch monitor （$300） are aimed at kids ranging from 6 to 12 years old. But even though the system is embellished with images of Mickey and software featuring Donald Duck and Goofy, the Dream Desk is more than a toy. Using Microsoft Windows XP, the Disney system is based on an Intel Celeron D processor and comes with a 40-gigabyte hard drive plus a combination CD burner and DVD player——serious enough hardware to manage games or homework. As an added feature, there's a stylus that sits in a cradle built into the keyboard. The stylus is a more comfortable pointing device than a mouse for little hands, and it also lets children create their own digital sketches. Teaching tool. On the software side, Disney has included a trio of creativity programs called Disney Flix, Pix, and Mix that lets kids create their own movies, add Disney characters to digital pictures, and compose music. For parents worried about the World Wild Web, Disney has included a ContentProtect program that prevents curious tykes from visiting sites you'd rather they not view. And if you suspect they are using the Net more for games than research, the program will even track your children's surfing and report back to you. By and large, the Disney system succeeds with the Dream Desk. Design elements like the monitor's mouseketeer ears, which conceal speakers, certainly grabbed my 22-month-old daughter's attention. But while she may have enjoyed "playing with Mickey," parents may wonder if computers for kids are a help or hindrance when it comes to learning. "The danger is that people tend to replace actual human instruction with these computers," says Reid Lyon, chief of the Child Development and Behavior Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the National Institutes of Health. According to Lyon, computers are a fine tool to help kids learn——as long as there's parental participation. Parents looking for educational titles on the Dream Desk will have to shop elsewhere. Furthermore, the total system price is about $150 more than comparably equipped plain-Jane PC s, and some elements of the Disney PC could be improved. Making the LCD monitor touch sensitive would be a nice addition for kids, as would a clear cover to protect the screen from sticky little fingers. In addition, some parents may bridle at the brazen commercialism of having a large orange button on the system's keyboard that takes kids directly to Disney's $9.95-a-month Toontown online game. On the other hand, what parent hasn't succumbed to a son or daughter's desire for a SpongeBob toy, Spiderman lunchbox, or Dora backpack? And while this PC may have big ears, it's not just some Mickey Mouse computer. 注（1）：本⽂选⾃U.S. News & World Report; 10/18/2004, p87-87, 2/3p, 1c； 注（2）：本⽂习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1（个别题⽬稍做调整）； 1. How can the Walt Disney Co. make a computer system popular with the kids? [A]The images of the Walt Disney Co. are deeply rooted in kids' heart. [B]The Dream Desk is just like a super toy. [C]The computer system is designed specifically for kids. [D]Kids can use the computer system for games and doing homework. 2. Which of the following is not the description of the Dream Desk? [A]Learning and playing are perfectly combined in this computer system. [B]The hardware is enough for the use of a kid. [C]The software takes the kids' needs and parents' worry into consideration. [D]The Dream Desk decorated with the image of Mickey catches the kids' eyes. 3.How can the parents take full advantage of the computer in the learning of their kids? [A]Not allowing the kids to visit the inappropriate web sites. [B]Using the computer to arouse kids' interest in learning. [C]Fully exploring the potential function of the computer. [D]Working together with their kids. 4.Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 6? [A]The Dream Desk does not have price advantage. [B]The Dream Desk has been equipped with sensitive LCD monitor and a clear cover. [C]Some parents have offensive feelings toward the orange button indicating commercialism. [D]The computer system fails to cater for all the parents. 5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? [A]The big ears make this PC look like a big toy that many kids long for. [B]Parents always try their best to satisfy their kids' needs. [C]Parents find it difficult to refuse to buy their kids such toys as Mickey Mouse computer. [D]Mickey Mouse computer is a computer, rather than a toy. 答案：CADBC 篇章剖析 本⽂详细介绍了由华特迪斯尼公司推出的专为孩⼦设计的⽶⽼⿏电脑。
2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案
2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案2017年考研已经圆满结束！店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案第一篇讲美国安检的事Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing toget new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes答案：21-25 CCADC第二篇讲夏威夷那篇Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, adormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen tominimize the telescope’s visibilit y around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.答案：26-30 ABBAD第三篇英国脱欧GDP增长不能给人们带来幸福...Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being答案：31-35 CBDCA第四篇讲美国最高法院对于麦克唐纳德裁决的事T ext 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on“specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, maki ng a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of pro secution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment bygovernment- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The cour t’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.答案：36-40 CCABD。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇
阅读理解精选100篇---经济类考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit1unit1Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Minis ters on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its G DP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the countr y reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.注（1）：本文选自Economist；12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿2004年真题text 1第1题和第3题（1，3），2001年真题text 1第2题（2），1999年真题text 2第2题（4）和2002年真题text 3第4题（5）；1. What is Turkey’s economic situation now?[A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.[B] Its inflation rate is still rising.[C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member.[D] Its economic resilience is very strong.2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.[A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members[B] inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high[C] Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate[D] IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU3. The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Para graph 3) most probably means_________.[A] fell[B] climbed[C] developed[D] swang4. Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.[A] it’s stock is far less than that of other countries[B] it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress[C] steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment[D] Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.[A] foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better[B] Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira[C] the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value[D] prices of goods will go up答案：C B D C A篇章剖析本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了土耳其的经济状况。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版) UNIT 3
UNIT THREETEXT ONEScores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers: permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.Waving signs that read ''Shame on Viacom,'' the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits for freelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program for full-time employees had also undergone changes, and it emphasized that the plan for freelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancers receive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network ''Sick-elodeon.'' ''I've worked here every day for three years -- I'm not a freelancer,'' Mr. Yonda said. ''They just call us freelancers in order to bar us from getting the same benefits as employees.'' The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible for benefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for 52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible for benefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401(k) plan was also removed. On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401(k) plan and said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible.Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media Web site Gawker -- the first post was headlined ''The Viacom Permalance Slave System'' -- a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers and distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O'Hare, a unit manager who has worked for MTV for more than two years, said the new health care plan -- with higher deductibles and a $2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year -- had provoked outrage. ''They think they can treat us like children that don't have families, mortgages or dreams of retirement,'' she said.Outside Viacom's headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, ''There's too many of us to ignore.'' It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company's payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises and falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-timeemployees, excluding freelancers, around the world.Two freelancers and one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another labor action is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike for five weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.1．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of MTV Networks’new benefits plan for freelancers?[A] Its benefits plan for freelancers is highly competitive in the industry.[B] Its freelancers cannot receive the same benefits as the full-time employees.[C] The freelancers who are not eligible for benefits should start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.[D] The freelancers are against the new plan which substantially but their benefit 2. According to the new benefits program of MTV Networks, the following freelancers are eligible for benefits except_____[A] those who have worked for 160 days.[B] those who have worked for 1 year.[C] those who have worked since March.[D] those who have worked since Jan. 1.3.The word “reinstate” (Line 6, Paragraph3) most probably means_____[A] redesign.[B] restore. [C] repair.[D] reset.4. The MTV Networks spokeswoman did not provide the number of freelancers on the payroll mostly probably because_____[A] the figure fluctuates throughout the year and it is impossible to calculate the precise number.[B] the company wants to keep it as a secret so as to better stand the protest. [C] the company has no record of the freelancers since there is no such necessity.[D] the company does not want to provide the freelancers with benefits enjoyed by the full-time employee.5. Towards MTV Networks’ change on the benefits plan, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____[A] affirmative.[B] negative.[C] biased.[D] neutral.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了MTV Networks公司修改其对于雇用的自由职员的福利待遇方案的调整以及引起的反响。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit49
Unit 49 Windsurfers in Hawaii might not seem to have much in common with the geeks who these days tinker with Linux software as part of the open-source movement. But in the late '70s, the surfers freely swapped ideas on how to redesign their equipment right on the beach, and sporting-goods makers were quick to pick up on innovations like foot straps for leaping giant waves. Linux's success is making freely revealed innovation a hot idea again. After decades in which patents closed off innovation, open source has caught the attention of businesses because "it so violated accepted wisdom and so clearly worked," says Yochai Benkler, a Yale scholar. Giants like IBM and HP, and newcomers like Red Hat, have made lots of money on Linux-based services and equipment. Pharmaceuticals represent one new and surprising area where freely shared innovation is catching on. Most industry profits have been made from expensive patented drugs. But now the BioBricks project at MIT is trying to establish standardized tools and processes for research. That way, researchers from everywhere can contribute. Open innovation also makes sense in industries where patents aren't relevant——for example, finding new uses for existing drugs. Eric Von Hippel, MIT's head of innovation and entrepreneurship, is studying FDA applications since 1998 for these so-called off-label uses of patented drugs to see whether, as he suspects, they come mostly from independent researchers rather than the big drugmakers holding the original patents. If they do, it means open-source innovation is already well underway. An open system would also work when the payback is too small to entice Big Pharma, as in the case of tropical diseases. Law professor Stephen Maurer of the University of California, Berkeley, has coauthored a proposal called the Tropical Disease Initiative that could give graduate students, for instance, a chance to work on finding drugs to help fight the likes of malaria. Because discoveries wouldn't be patented, contracts could be awarded to the lowest bidder. Manufacturing prices could be kept down, too, because generic-drug makers could compete as soon as a drug was ready. Plant genetics is another field showing the promise of open innovation. The basic tools for manipulating plant genes, and thereby modifying food, are protected by a thicket of patents largely controlled by multinationals, which means farmers in developing countries don't have access to the techniques. The BIOS Initiative, recently launched by Cambia, an Australian nonprofit, aims to make publicly available an alternative technology. （People would be free to patent any resulting discoveries.） One early aim has been to help farmers find a way to breed their own corn, so they don't need to buy expensive hybrid seeds each year. It's not yet clear just how far this kind of research can be democratized. But in many areas, the open-source option is becoming a serious one. 注：（1）本⽂来⾃Newsweek; 11/1/2004, pE28-E28, 2/3p, 1c 注：（2）本⽂习题命题模仿对象2003年真题text 3 1. The author compares windsurfers in Hawaii with the geeks who these days tinker with Linux software because____________. [A] they loved adventures [B] producers relied on their work [C] they shared their new ideas with other people freely [D] they redesigned their equipments 2. What is businesses' attitude toward Linux's open source? [A] Indifferent [B] Apprehensive [C] Indignant [D] Happy 3. can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ____________. [A] patented drugs are expensive because they close off innovation [B] independent researchers are more innovative [C] BioBricks allows researchers from the world share their ideas with each other [D] new uses for existing drugs violate patents 4.The word “entice” （Line 1, Paragraph 4） most probably means ___________. [A] satisfy [B] attract [C] repel [D] persuade 5. According to the text, open innovation is promising in the field of plant genetics because ___________. [A] farmers can lower their cost if they know how to breed seeds through open innovation [B] genetically modified food has a bright perspective [C] it can break the monopoly of big companies [D] it is an important part of democracy 答案：C D C B A 篇章剖析： 本篇⽂章是⼀个说明⽂，主要说明开放创意在各个领域所创造的巨⼤价值以及巨⼤潜⼒。
2017考研英语一阅读
2017考研英语一阅读During the 2017 academic year, the reading section of the nationwide postgraduate entrance examination for English majors in China was designed to assess candidates' comprehensive language proficiency. The passages selected for this section covered a wide range of topics, including but not limited to literature, arts, culture, history, and social sciences. The reading materials were carefully curated to ensure a diverse representation of themes and genres, ensuring a challenging yet fair assessment of the candidates' reading comprehension abilities.The first passage delved into the intricate world of literary criticism, exploring the nuances of literary analysis and interpretation. Candidates were tasked with dissecting the author's arguments, identifying rhetorical devices, and evaluating the validity of the claims made within the text. This passage pushed the boundaries of critical thinking, requiring candidates to not only understand the content but also analyze it from multiple perspectives.The second passage shifted gears, immersing candidates in the rich tapestry of cultural anthropology. Through vivid descriptions and insightful observations, the passage explored the intricate interplaybetween culture, tradition, and societal norms. Candidates were challenged to grasp the complexities of cultural dynamics, drawing connections between the text and broader anthropological theories.Moving on, the third passage ventured into the realm of historical narratives, presenting a thought-provoking account of a significant event or era. Candidates were expected to discern the author's stance, identify key historical figures and their roles, and critically evaluate the portrayal of historical events. This passage tested not only reading comprehension but also the ability to contextualize information within a broader historical framework.The fourth passage delved into the realms of art and aesthetics, inviting candidates to explore the nuances of artistic expression, interpretation, and cultural significance. Through evocative language and detailed descriptions, the passage challenged candidates to appreciate the intricate layers of meaning and symbolism embedded within artistic works.The final passage tackled a contemporary social issue, presenting a multifaceted perspective on a complex and relevant topic. Candidates were tasked with synthesizing information from various viewpoints, analyzing the arguments presented, and formulating well-reasoned responses. This passage demanded a deep understanding of societal dynamics, critical thinking skills, and theability to engage with complex ideas.Throughout the reading section, candidates were required to demonstrate mastery of various reading strategies, including skimming, scanning, inferencing, and contextual analysis. They were expected to navigate through dense academic texts, extract key information, and synthesize diverse perspectives to arrive at well-informed conclusions.The 2017 reading section for the postgraduate entrance examination for English majors in China was a rigorous and multifaceted assessment, designed to challenge the intellectual prowess and language proficiency of aspiring scholars. It demanded not only a deep understanding of the English language but also the ability to engage with complex ideas, think critically, and draw insightful connections across disciplines.。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)UNIT 11
UNIT ELEVENTEXT ONE“WHANG—Boom—Boom—cast delicacy to the winds.” Thus Ezra Pound in a letter to his father, urging the old man to help promote his first published collection. It might have been the poet's manifesto.Pound is as divisive a figure today as he was in his own lifetime. For some he was the leading figure of the Modernist movement who redefined what poetry was and could be; and who, in his role as cultural impresario, gave vital impetus to the literary careers of T.S. Eliot, James Joyce and Wyndham Lewis, among others. But for many Pound remains a freak and an embarrassment, a clinical nutcase and vicious anti-Semite who churned out a lot of impenetrable tosh before losing the plot completely.During the second world war he broadcast pro-Fascist radio programmes from Italy and later avoided trial for treason at home only because he was declared insane. On his release from St Elizabeth's Hospital near Washington, DC, he returned to Italy (“America is a lunatic asylum”), where he died in 1972 age d 87.David Moody, emeritus professor of English at Y ork University, makes a strong case for Pound's “generous energy” and the “disruptive, regenerative force of his genius”. His approach (unlike Pound's) is uncontroversial. He follows the poet's progress chronologically from his childhood in Idaho—still, at the time of his birth in 1885, part of the wild west—to his conquest of literary London between 1908 and 1920. He marshals Pound's staggering output of poetry, prose and correspondence to excellent effect, and offers clear, perceptive commentary on it. He helps us to see poems, such as this famous, peculiarly haunting 19-syllable haiku, in a new light: The apparition of these faces in the crowd:Petals on a wet, black bough.That Mr Moody is constantly being upstaged by the subject of his study is not surprising. Pound was one of the most colourful artistic figures in a period full of them.According to Ford Madox Ford, who became a good friend of Pound's shortly after the bumptious young American arriv ed in London: “Ezra would approach with the step of a dancer, making passes with a cane at an imaginary opponent. He would wear trousers made of green billiard cloth, a pink coat, a blue shirt, a tie hand-painted by a Japanese friend, an immense sombrero, a flaming beard cut to a point and a single large blue earring.” W.B. Y eats's simple assessment was that: “There is no younger generation of poets. E.P. is a solitary volcano.”A great merit of Mr Moody's approach is the space he gives to Pound's writings. It is love-it-or-hate-it stuff, but, either way, undeniably fascinating. “All good art is realism of one kind or another,” Pound said. Reconciling that tidy statement with practically any of his poems is hard work but, as Mr Moody shows over and over again, hard work that offers huge rewards. His first volume ends in 1920, with Pound quitting London in a huff, finally fed up—after more than adecade of doing everything in his power to rattle the intellectual establishment—with “British insensitivity to, an d irritation with, mental agility in any and every form”. His disgraceful radio programmes and the full blooming of his loopiness lie ahead. So, too, do most of his exquisite Cantos.1. Pound was a divisive figurebecause_____[A] he brought both positive andnegative effect to the developmentof the Modernist movement. [B] he was both a poet and a person withmental problem.[C] he was politically a racist while hewas also pro-Fascist.[D] he was a man of complex andunintelligible personality.2. When Pound was released from hospital, he returned to Italy because_____[A] Italy was his hometown.[B] he was persecuted by Americans.[C] he disliked America.[D] he was out of his mind.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of David Moody‟s study on Pound?[A] His literary approach is unlike that of Pound‟s, being less contradictory. [B] He focuses on Pound‟s poetry itself instead of his personality, attempting to keep objective[C] He traces the poet‟s life in time order to study Pound‟s ac hievement.[D] His study offers a fresh sight of Pound…s work4．From Keats‟s simple assessment, it can be inferred that_____[A] Pound was of exploding power inhis literary creation.[B] Pound‟s achievement could hardly be reached by later poets.[C] Pou nd‟s excellence was unsurpassable in his time.[D] It would take a long time forPound‟s generation to fully understand him.5. The word “rattle”(Line 6, Paragraph 7) most probably means _____[A] set up.[B] destroy.[C] struggle.[D] disturb.文章剖析：这篇文章主要介绍了Pound的两个不同侧面。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)：UNIT_7
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT SEVENTEXT ONEOnce upon a time—when the U.S. dollar was king—American studentsblithely flocked overseas to nibbl e on affordable scones and croissantsbetween classes. How times have changed.As the dollar dips to all-timelows, college students are feeling the pinch. Especially in the UnitedKingdom and countries that use the euro—which currently is at 68 centsto the dollar—the cost of living has skyrocketed. "Years ago we couldsay studying abroad was the same price as staying on campus," says DaeyaMalboeuf, an associate director at Syracuse University. "There's no waywe can say that anymore."Yet this unfavorable economic environment hasn't stopped studentsfrom scrambling overseas. According to the Institute of InternationalEducation, study-abroad programs have grown 144 percent in the past decadeand continue to increase around 8 percent each year. Considering therising costs, "it's surprising how little the students haven't beendeterred," says Natalie Bartush, who handles the study-abroad program atthe University of Texas.Where the real change appears to be happening as a result of risingprices is in the length and location of students' foreign study choices.The number of participants in short-term summer programs has swelled, ashas the interest in courses at more exotic locales. For Middlebury Collegestudents, for example, a year in Florence costs around $37,000; atSantiago, Chile, it's $27,000. Such price differences have contributedto modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in westernEurope and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa,and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meetrising demand.Program directors are quick to point out that the shift is not justabout money. "You can't understand the United States today withoutunderstanding what's going on outside our borders, and that's not justEurope anymore," says Rebecca Hovey, dean of the study-abroad program atthe School for International Training. Interest in nontraditional localesspiked even before the dollar began dropping, and foreign countries aremarketing themselves to American students. A surge of support fromeducation nonprofits and the State Department also has fueled the trend.Study-abroad costs also vary wildly based on the way colleges structure their programs. Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters. The dollar's slide also means that trying to set student fees in advance is a tiresome guessing game for college officials. Most of these educators' energy, however, is spent scrounging up extra financial aid for needy travelers. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar. Airfare, which can exceed $1,000 round trip, is not generally included in school fees, and whirlwind trips across continents are rarely cheap.The emphasis on student financial responsibility is especially evident at private schools like Syracuse, which charges the same pricey tuition abroad as at home. Even at more affordable public universities and private colleges like Middlebury—which charges U.S. students the often cheaper tuition of the international host schools—counselors are quick to peddle the virtue of thrift, a lesson no longer lost between those on safety and culture shock.1. The fact that American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable sconesa and croissants implies that_____[A] studying abroad cost almost the same as staying in U.S. for higher education.[B] American students were encouraged to study overseas to enrich their experience.[C] the cost of living at abroad was moderate for American students.[D] the U.S. dollar was the strongest currency in the world. 2. The changes of study-abroad caused by the dollar’s depreciation are the following ones except_____[A] students’ enthusiasm of studying abroad in short period does not disappear but vice versa.[B] students become hesitant when considering long-term overseas programs.[C] programmes in western Europe and Australia suffer declining popularity.[D] students who chose to study at certain continents are at a rapid growth.3. Rebecca Hover’s statement implies that_____[A] the United States are now more readily influenced by the other countries than before.[B] shift in the mainland may also be caused by factors outside of America.[C] Europe can no longer influnece the United States as before.[D] the United States are extending its influence beyond its boraders.4. Who are probably most affected by the dollar’s dip?[A] The international exchange students. [B] The students who have got scholarships.[C] The students at costly private schools.[D] The students at public universities.5. The best title for this passage is_____[A] Impact of the Dollar’s Devaluation.[B] American Students at Abroad.[C] Study-abroad Costs for American Students.[D] Shift of American Students’Foreign Study.文章剖析：这篇文章主要讲述美元贬值后对于美国学生留学的影响。
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P21—医学
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P21—医学Passage 21For three decades we’ve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption)exercise.Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health，and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill to reap the rewards.But the story is changing.Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon general’S office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics.And as weight lifting has gone mainstream，SO has the once obscure practice known as“Super Slow”training.Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snail’s pace--making each“rep”(repeat)last 1 4 seconds instead of the usual 7—you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles，and call forth an extraordinary response.Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need，as some advocates believe，but the benefits are often dramatic.Almost anyone can handle this routine.The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn.For each exercise--leg press，bench press，shoulder press and SO On—70u set the machine to provide only moderate resistance.But as you draw out each repeat，depriving yourself of impetus，the weight soon feels unbearable.Defying the impulse to stop，you ke印going until you can’t complete a repeat.Then you sustain your vain effort for 1 0 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle.Intense? Uncomfortable? Totally.But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout，it can become almost pleasure.The goal is not to bunr calories while you're exercising but to make your body burn them all the time.Running a few miles may make you sweat，but it expends only 1 00 calories per mile，and it doesn’t stimulate much bone or muscle development.Strength training doesn’t burn many calories，either.But when you push a muscle to failure，you set off a pour of physiological changes.As the muscle recovers over several days，it will thicken--and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance.By the time you add three pounds of muscle，your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even.Hold your diet steady and，very quickly，you are vaporizing body fat.One might have benefited from any strength—training program.But advocates insist the slowtechnique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.1. Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years[A]its inherent awards to their health[B]its greater consumption of oxygen[C] the compliment paid by authorities[D]the actual benefits from the exercise2. According to the author，“Super Slow’’training[A]has been misunderstood for decades[B]has been widely accepted recently[C]has been the basis ofweight lifting[D]has become the nucleus of aerobics3. In practicing slow lifting，one has[A]complete each rep with great[B]tryhisbesttodothetraining[C]sufferthe bitter effect called forth by the exercise[D]exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders4.While making each rep，one may suffer from[A]impetus loss[B]weight loss[C]bearable iron weights[D]the feeling of successful workout5.The phrase“to break even”(Line 6，Para.3)most[A]to upset the physical energy balance[B]to disturb the calmness ofthe body[C]to gain a greater profit than a loss[D]to make neither a profit nor a loss阅读小帮手核心词汇authority n.权威complement n.补足物pace n.步调tolerance儿容忍sustain vt保持embrace v信奉benefit vi.受益probably means association n.协会obscureadj.不出名的dramatic adj.引人注目的moderate adj.适度的cradle n.发源地stimulate vt.刺激effective adj.有效的surgeon n.外科医生claim Vt.声称handle yr.操作impetus n.推动力，动量intense adj.强烈的tissue n.[生]组译文：三十年来我们不停地听到关于有氧(增加氧气消耗量)运动的种种优点。
2017考研英语阅读：必须精读的4篇真题阅读
相关推荐：新东⽅校推荐： 考研英语真题⼀定要好好研究，对于阅读这个重头戏，要拿⾼分，真题更是要研究透了，考研名师唐迟⽼师建议精读2010年text1(中⼼的提出;长难句);2010text4(⽂章结构分析，结合第3题);2011text4(作者态度标新⽴异，结合2题3题);2012年text3(如何处理⽣僻概念)。
其中规律在近5年⾥考得⾮常凶猛，务必多总结。
下⾯⼩编把这⼏篇调出来整理下，⽅便⼤家精读。
2010年英语⼀真题Text 1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’” Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that [A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers. [B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews. [C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers. [D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies. 22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by [A] free themes. [B] casual style. [C] elaborate layout. [D] radical viewpoints. 23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on? [A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals [B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. [C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism. [D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing. 24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs? [A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. [B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute. [C] His style caters largely to modern specialists. [D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition. 25. What would be the best title for the text? [A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days [B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers [C] Mournful Decline of Journalism [D] Prominent Critics in Memory 2010年英语⼀真题Text 4 Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management." European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions. 36. Bankers complained that they were forced to [A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules [B] collect payments from third parties [C] cooperate with the price managers [D] reevaluate some of their assets. 37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in [A] the diminishing role of management [B] the revival of the banking system [C] the banks' long-term asset losses [D] the weakening of its independence 38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to [A] keep away from political influences. [B] evadethe pressure from their peers. [C] act on their own in rule-setting. [D] take gradual measures in reform. 39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they [A] misinterpreted market price indicators [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets [C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts. [D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets. 40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of [A] satisfaction. [B] skepticism. [C] objectiveness [D] sympathy 2011年英语⼀真题Text 4 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands. In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size h o l e s i n t h e i r l i v e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 5 " > 0 0 O f c o u r s e , t h e i m a g e o f p a r e n t h o o d t h a t c e l e b r i t y m a g a z i n e s l i k e U s W e e k l y a n d P e o p l e p r e s e n t i s h u g e l y u n r e a l i s t i c , e s p e c i a l l y w h e n t h e p a r e n t s a r e s i n g l e m o t h e r s l i k e B u l l o c k . A c c o r d i n g t o s e v e r a l s t u d i e s c o n c l u d i n g t h a t p a r e n t s a r e l e s s h a p p y t h a n c h i l d l e s s c o u p l e s , s i n g l e p a r e n t s a r e t h e l e a s t h a p p y o f a l l . N o s h o c k t h e r e , c o n s i d e r i n g h o w m u c h w o r k i t i s t o r a i s e a k i d w i t h o u t a p a r t n e r t o l e a n o n ; y e t t o h e a r S a n d r a a n d B r i t n e y t e l l i t , r a i s i n g a k i d o n t h e i r o w n ( r e a d : w i t h r o u n d - t h e - c l o c k h e l p ) i s a p i e c e o f c a k e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 6 " > 0 0 I t s h a r d t o i m a g i n e t h a t m a n y p e o p l e a r e d u m b e n o u g h t o w a n t c h i l d r e n j u s t b e c a u s e R e e s e a n d A n g e l i n a m a k e i t l o o k s o g l a m o r o u s : m o s t a d u l t s u n d e r s t a n d t h a t a b a b y i s n o t a h a i r c u t . B u t i t s i n t e r e s t i n g t o w o n d e r i f t h e i m a g e s w e s e e e v e r y w e e k o f s t r e s s - f r e e , h a p p i n e s s - e n h a n c i n g p a r e n t h o o d a r e n t i n s o m e s m a l l , s u b c o n s c i o u s w a y c o n t r i b u t i n g t o o u r o w n d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n s w i t h t h e a c t u a l e x p e r i e n c e , i n t h e s a m e w a y t h a t a s m a l l p a r t o f u s h o p e d g e t t i n g t h e R a c h e l m i g h t m a k e u s l o o k j u s t a l i t t l e b i t l i k e J e n n i f e r A n i s t o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 7 " > 0 0 3 6 . J e n n i f e r S e n i o r s u g g e s t s i n h e r a r t i c l e t h a t r a i s i n g a c h i l d c a n b r i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] t e m p o r a r y d e l i g h t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] e n j o y m e n t i n p r o g r e s s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] h a p p i n e s s i n r e t r o s p e c t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] l a s t i n g r e w a r d / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 2 " > 0 0 3 7 . W e l e a r n f r o m P a r a g r a p h 2 t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] c e l e b r i t y m o m s a r e a p e r m a n e n t s o u r c e f o r g o s s i p . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i n g l e m o t h e r s w i t h b a b i e s d e s e r v e g r e a t e r a t t e n t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] n e w s a b o u t p r e g n a n t c e l e b r i t i e s i s e n t e r t a i n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a v i n g c h i l d r e n i s h i g h l y v a l u e d b y t h e p u b l i c . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 3 8 . I t i s s u g g e s t e d i n P a r a g r a p h 3 t h a t c h i l d l e s s f o l k s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] a r e c o n s t a n t l y e x p o s e d t o c r i t i c i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] a r e l a r g e l y i g n o r e d b y t h e m e d i a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 00 [ C ] f a i l t o f u l f i l l t h e i r s o c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] a r e l e s s l i k e l y t ob e s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e i r l i f e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 3 9 . Ac c o rd i n g t o P a r a g r a p h 4 , t he m e s s ag e c o n v e y e d b y c e l e b r i t y m a g a z i n e s i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] s o o t h i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 4 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] a m b i g u o u s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] c o m p e n s a t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] m i s l e a d i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 4 0 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] H a v i n g c h i l d r e n c o n t r i b u t e s l i t t l e t o t h e g l a m o u r o f c e l e b r i t y m o m s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] C e l e b r i t y m o m s h a v e i n f l u e n c e d o u r a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s c h i l d r e a r i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] H a v i n g c h i l d r e n i n t e n s i f i e s o u r d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h l i f e . / p >。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版) UNIT 1
UNIT ONETEXT ONETesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury’s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations”in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury’s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____[A] Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputation.[B] it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price. [C] Tesco is offered a leniency deal of £80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal.2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?[A] Retail chains.[B] Farmers.[C] Dairy companies.[D] Politicians3. The word “defiant”(Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.[A] resisiting[B] angry [C] deficient[D] confident4. We may infer from Morrisons’statement that _____[A] Morrisons turn out to be the most defentive when dealing with OFT.[B] Morrisons is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business. [C] industry insiders suggest that Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperation.[D] Morrisons indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal.5. The writer’s attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____[A] biased.[B] objective.[C] sympathetic.[D] optimistic.篇章剖析：本文介绍了目前奶制品公司因内部设定价格而面临受到的调查和处罚的状况。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit17
His bio reads like a rock star's. A precocious talent， he never married because， he said， it would have hurt his career. But he moved his girlfriend in with him while he worked his last gig——then died at the age of 37 from a fever brought on，some said， by carnal excess. The great painter Raphael （1483-1520） was one of the big three of Italy's high Renaissance， along with Leonardo da Vinci （whose work he admired and studied closely） and Michelangelo （with whom he carried on a vigorous， if all too brief， competition to be the Vatican's favorite artist）。
He didn't seem，however， to have a superstar's attitude. The pope was his patron， and acquaintances described him as “sensible，” “well mannered，” “genial” and “sweet.” On his deathbed， he bequeathed his mistress enough money to live “honorably” for the rest of her life. And he painted her portrait——one of the great paintings of all time， right up there with the “Mona Lisa”——as a final， loving tribute. At least that's how the legend goes. That portrait——which is touring the United States for the first time——constitutes a one-picture exhibition at the Frick Collection in New York through Jan. 30 （it will travel to Houston and Indianapolis）。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇：UNIT 2
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT TWOTEXT ONEThe bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted “World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft” is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick,is “the most powerful trend” build ing new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Audition Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns Universal Music, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”. [B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probablymeans_____[A] profitable.[B] luxurious.[C] entertaining.[D] populous.4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____[A] pushing people online to develop their own games. [B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends. [B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger.篇章剖析：本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit41
Unit 41 Hauling yourself up by the bootstraps has never been easy. But computers do this every time they are turned on-hence the verb "to boot". Booting a computer takes valuable time, compounded by the rebooting that is inevitably necessary whenever a computer freezes. The reason that this process takes so long is that a computer's operating system must be loaded from its hard disk into its random-access memory （RAM） every time the machine is turned on. Unlike magnetic tapes or hard disks, RAM is an electric form of memory. It is, in effect, an array of tiny capacitors which, when charged, represent a binary "1" and, when not charged, represent a binary "o". This has allowed them to be much faster than magnetic memory, in which the binary digits （"bits"） are represented by magnetically polarised regions rather than electric charges. The big problem with electric memory, however, is that it is volatile-the capacitors have to be recharged frequently so that they can continue to remember a"1". When a computer is turned off, they lose all the data stored in them. The race has been on to build nonvolatile high-speed memories that will allow computers to be turned on and off like televisions. Whichever technology wins is almost certain to be used in all new computers, so the stakes are high. Motorola, IBM, and Hewlett-Packard are all developing magnetic RAM （MRAM） which seems poised to become the nonvolatile technology of choice. Both Motorola and IBM have announced plans to bring the technology to market within 18 months, advancing their initial target date of 2004. Besides turning instantly on, computers equipped with such chips would consume less power, making the technology ideal for satellites and portable gizmos. MRAM works by etching a grid of criss-crossing wires on a chip in two layers-with the horizontal wires being placed just below the vertical wires. At each intersection, a "magnetic tunnel junction" （MTJ） is created that serves as a switch-and thus as a repository for a single bit of memory. The MTJ is essentially a small magnet whose direction is easily flipped. Common materials for the MTJ include chromium dioxide and iron-cobalt alloys. Earlier this year, Motorola unveiled a prototype MRAM chip that stores 256 kilobits and has a cycle time for reading and writing data of less than 50 nanoseconds （billionths of a second）. That puts it in the same league as conventional dynamiC-RAM （DRAM） chips. IBM, collaborating with Germany's Infineon Technologies, has developed a one megabit （million bit） MRAM chip at its laboratories in East Fishkill, New York. There is still a long way to go before MRAM is ready for prime time. Neither IBM nor Motorola, for instance, is expected to go into mass production until they prove that they can make 256 megabit chips-the standard memory module used today. But, as total sales of computer memory in 2000 were estimated by Semico Research Corporation to have been worth $48 billion, manufacturers have a considerable incentive to ensure that MRAM becomes a serious challenger for DRAM'S crown. 注（1）：本⽂选⾃Economist; 9/22/2001, p8, 1/3p； 注（2）：本⽂习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 3； 1.By the word “volatile”（Line 7, Paragraph 2）, the author means _________. [A]difficult to start. [B]slow running. [C]time-consuming. [D]easy to lose data. 2. How does the author feel about the future of MRAM? [A]Optimistic. [B]Discouraging. [C]Confused. [D]Indifferent. 3. When mentioning “the stakes are high”（Line 3, Paragraph 3） the author means___________. [A]the risks are very high [B]the payments are very good [C]the applications are very wide [D]the users are very satisfied 4.Why are Motorola, IBM, and HP all developing MRAM? [A]they are most likely to have big profits. [B]there is a severe competition among them. [C]turning-on computer takes too much time for their users. [D]the working speed of the computer is so slow. 5.Which of the following is not the characteristic of the computer equipped with MRAM? [A]instant turning-on and turning-off. [B]less consumption of power. [C]huge memory module [D]lasting stored data. 答案：DABAC 篇章剖析 本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，⽂章主要介绍了能够达到瞬间开机的磁存储器的开发原因、运做原理以及具体的研究及开发情况。
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UNIT SIXTEXT ONEMaintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially asforward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts.Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss.But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them.Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Googleprojects.The price tag—or lack of one—isn't a bad sales pitch either. Ramin Sedehi, the vice dean for finance and administration at Penn, says 30 percent of Penn's students already forward their messages to outside clients, and he predicts universities will eventually be out of the E-mail hosting business altogether. Ball State University and the Indiana University Alumni Association are now on Windows Live, and Arizona State University switched to Google Apps in October 2006, already converting at least 40,000 of its 65,000 students to the new system. Penn State University and California Polytechnic State University, to name two, have been in talks, while other schools are watching and waiting.1. The number of student complaints has grown exponentially because_____[A] the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.[B] the information-technology director is not the expert in providing IT-related assistance.[C] the internal E-mail systems are much more backward than those commercially successful email systems.[D] there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_____[A] they want to cater to the requirements of their clients.[B] they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.[C] they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.[D] they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Goole and Microsoft in hosting accounts of alumni is _____[A] that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.[B] that they can retain every account at customers’ wish.[C] that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.[D] that they can keep every account fro free ina long term.4. The two giants persist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_____[A] they believe they will have good returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.[B] it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education.[C] their strategy is to make profit through advertisement to university alumni. [D] they want the students to propagandize for their projects.5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_____[A] lose.[B] abandon. [C] exchange.[D]waste.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了大学将自己的电邮系统外包给微软、谷歌等公司。