Anti-dustmite and Anti-microbial Finishing Agent ADK AMB-100

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刘毅教授-国外化妆品活性添加剂研发新趋势

中草药提取ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ应用的范例
2015年10月5日北京时间17时30分，瑞典卡罗琳医学院在斯德哥尔摩宣布将2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予中国女药学家屠呦呦。 “青蒿素是传统中医药送给世界人民的礼物，对防治疟疾等传染性疾病、维护世界人民健康具有重要意义。青蒿素的发现是集体发掘中药的成功范例，由此获奖是中国科学事业、中医中药走向世界的一个荣誉。也是唯一能与国外相比美的功能化妆品活性添加剂的天然资源。将有利于中国和世界认识中药是尚未充分开发的宝库。
仿生化学和生物工程技术的应用
利用仿生化学和生物工程技术，开发活性物作为化妆品添加剂原料，已成为世界功能化妆品发展的主流方向。
如：利用此技术开发的：磷脂聚合物应用于：希思
汀植物保湿修复水、劳斯莱斯保湿修复系列、芳妮滋养系列化妆品
仿细胞膜的磷脂聚合物结构示意图
磷脂聚合物分子结构式
应用以上综合技术，在世界上首次开发具有抗衰老，保护细胞外基质不受肽酶的降解【 Protection of ECM proteins against peptidases degradation】，促进毛发生长的-环5肽（RonaCare Cyclopeptide-5）。
国外功能化妆品活性添加剂研究开发新趋势
北京大学医学部北京耐确生化技术研究所
刘毅
化妆品活性添加剂分为5大类
1、植物提取物类 [Botanical extracts/Plant-based actives] 2、生物技术类，如：透明质酸、神经酰胺
【ceramides】、表皮生长因子类、磷脂聚合物【Phospholipid polymer】
化妆品中应用的4种磷脂聚合物结构图
维生素E酯、维生素C酯和维生素A酯

秘方皮肤的英语作文那个

秘方皮肤的英语作文那个Title: The Secret to Radiant Skin。

Achieving healthy, radiant skin is a desire shared by many. While there are countless skincare products on the market promising miraculous results, sometimes the most effective solutions can be found in simple, natural remedies passed down through generations. In this essay, we will explore the secret to radiant skin, delving into traditional practices and ingredients that have stood the test of time.One of the most celebrated secrets to radiant skin lies in the power of natural ingredients. For centuries, people around the world have relied on the potency of herbs, oils, and fruits to nourish and revitalize their skin. One such ingredient is honey, known for its moisturizing and antibacterial properties. Incorporating honey into skincare routines can help soothe irritation, hydrate the skin, and promote a youthful glow.Another ancient remedy for radiant skin is turmeric. This vibrant yellow spice has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. When applied topically, turmeric can help reduce acne, lighten dark spots, and brighten the complexion. Additionally, its antimicrobial properties make it an excellent ingredient for combating blemishes and promoting clear, healthy skin.In addition to individual ingredients, traditional skincare routines often emphasize the importance ofholistic wellness. Practices such as facial massage, lymphatic drainage, and dry brushing can stimulate circulation, promote lymphatic drainage, and enhance the skin's natural detoxification process. Furthermore, practices like meditation and yoga can help reduce stress, which is known to contribute to skin issues such as acne and dullness.Moreover, the secret to radiant skin also lies in the art of simplicity. While the skincare industry is filledwith elaborate routines and multi-step regimens, sometimes less is more when it comes to achieving healthy skin. Simplifying your skincare routine by focusing on gentle cleansers, hydrating moisturizers, and targeted treatments can prevent overwhelm and allow your skin to thrive.Furthermore, embracing a healthy lifestyle is essential for achieving radiant skin from the inside out. Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides the essential nutrients your skin needs tomaintain its health and vitality. Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water helps flush out toxins and keep the skin hydrated from within.In conclusion, the secret to radiant skin lies in a combination of natural ingredients, traditional practices, and a holistic approach to wellness. By harnessing thepower of nature and adopting simple yet effective skincare routines, you can achieve the glowing complexion you desire. Remember, true beauty radiates from within, and nurturing your skin with care and intention is the key to unlockingits full potential.。

叶酸修饰的粉防己碱壳聚糖-硬脂酸纳米胶束的制备、表征及体外抗炎活性考察

叶酸修饰的粉防己碱壳聚糖-硬脂酸纳米胶束的制备、表征及体外抗炎活性考察Δ薛飞＊，杨岚，常金花，刘沛，王汝兴 #（承德医学院中药研究所/河北省中药研究与开发重点实验室，河北承德　067000）中图分类号 R 943；R 965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2024）08-0925-06DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.08.05摘要目的制备叶酸（FA ）修饰的粉防己碱（TET ）壳聚糖（CS ）-硬脂酸（SA ）纳米胶束（简称“FA-CS-SA/TET 纳米胶束”），并进行表征和体外抗炎活性考察。

方法采用超声法制备FA-CS-SA/TET 纳米胶束，以包封率（EE ）、载药量（DL ）、粒径的综合评分为评价指标，FA-CS-SA 与TET 质量比、超声功率和超声次数为考察因素，根据正交实验确定最优制备工艺并验证；对以最优工艺制备的FA-CS-SA/TET 纳米胶束进行表征，并考察其体外释放性能。

以RAW 264.7细胞为实验对象，考察其体外抗炎活性。

结果最优制备工艺为FA-CS-SA 与TET 质量比2∶1，超声功率200 W ，超声200次。

以最优工艺制备的FA-CS-SA/TET 纳米胶束的EE 为（98.86±0.30）%，DL 为（28.57±0.34）%，平均粒径为（227.0±9.4）nm ，多分散性指数为0.42±0.04，Zeta 电位为（12.6±2.3）mV ；该纳米胶束呈类圆形且分布均匀，其在0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中释放较快，72 h 内的累积释放度为（79.49±3.43）%，且其抗炎作用强于TET 原料药。

结论本研究成功制备了FA-CS-SA/TET 纳米胶束，其载药性能良好，粒径均匀，且具有较好的体外抗炎活性。

关键词粉防己碱；纳米胶束；制备工艺；表征；抗炎活性；释放度Preparation ， characterization and in vitro anti -inflammatory activity of tetrandrine -loaded chitosan -stearic acid nano micelles modified with folic acidXUE Fei ，YANG Lan ，CHANG Jinhua ，LIU Pei ，WANG Ruxing （Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Chengde Medical University/Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica ， Hebei Chengde 067000， China ）ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To prepare tetrandrine （TET ）-loaded chitosan （CS ）-stearic acid （SA ） nano micelles modified withfolic acid （FA ）（FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles ）， characterize them and study the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro . METHODS FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles were prepared by ultrasonic method ； the preparation technology was optimized by orthogonal test and validation test was also performed with the mass ratio of FA-CS-SA to TET ， ultrasound power and ultrasound times as the factors ， using the comprehensive score of entrapment efficiency （EE ）， drug loading （DL ） and particle size as evaluation index. FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles prepared by the optimal technology were characterized ， and their release performance in vitro was investigated. RAW 264.7 cells were used as subjects to investigate their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro . RESULTS The optimal preparation technology included that the mass ratio of FA-CS-SA to TET was 2∶1， ultrasonic power was 200 W ， and the ultrasonic frequency was 200 times. The parameters of FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles prepared by optimized technology included that EE was （98.86±0.30）%， DL was （28.57±0.34）%， the average particle size was （227.0±9.4） nm ， polydispersity index was 0.42±0.04， and the Zeta potential was （12.6±2.3）mV ， respectively. The nano micelles were uniform in appearance and round in shape. The nano micelles were released quickly in 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution ， with a cumulative release rate of （79.49±3.43）% within 72 hours ， and its anti-inflammatory effect was stronger than that of TET raw materials. CONCLUSIONS FA-CS-SA/TET nanomicelles are prepared successfully in the study ， with good drug loading performance ， uniform particle size ， and good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.KEYWORDStetrandrine ； nano micelles ； preparation techno-logy ； characterization ； anti-inflammatory activity ；release rateΔ 基金项目河北省自然科学基金项目（No.H 2022406073）；河北省高等学校科学技术研究重点项目（No.ZD 2021004）；承德医学院高层次人才科研启动基金项目（No.201705）＊第一作者硕士研究生。

抗生素基础

拜复乐显著增强对厌氧菌的抗菌活性
对厌氧菌的抗菌活性更强
消化球菌属环丙沙星左氧氟沙星加替沙星 2-4 4 2 消化链球菌属 2-4 4 2 梭杆菌属 2-8 8 8 脆弱类杆菌 8-32 2-8 1 卟啉单胞菌属 1 0.5 0.12 普雷沃菌属 2->16 4 2
®
拜复乐
®
0.25-1
0.5-1
1-4
1-2
0.5
0.5-2
AECOPD常见致病菌
流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、卡他莫拉菌是 AECOPD最常见的病原菌
34.2% 14.2%
肺炎链球菌流感嗜血杆菌
卡他莫拉菌
31.2% 6.4%
金黄色葡萄球菌其他
14.0%
Obaji & Sethi. Drugs and Aging 2001;18:1-11
大环内酯类抗生素
红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉、阿奇；麦迪、交沙、地红、乙酰螺旋、柱晶白霉素、罗他、麦迪等。红霉素抗菌谱窄（G+、厌氧菌）等与青霉素相似非典型致病菌！罗红霉素抗菌活性强，（为红霉素的4-6倍）组织分布广泛，胃肠道反应少克拉霉素地红霉素阿奇霉素抗菌活性优于红霉素抗菌活性与红霉素相似，半衰期>30h 抗菌谱较广，组织中浓度高，半衰期>41h
抗感染药物基础知识
王正東
抗生素（antibiotics）的定义
狭义：在高稀释度下对一些特异微生物有杀灭或抑制作用的微生物产物。广义：具有抗微生物、寄生虫和抗肿瘤作用的微生物产物、抗生素半合成衍生物的统称。喹诺酮类、磺胺类和咪唑类药物为全合成药物而非微生物产物，故不应称为抗生素。抗菌素
HAP发病时间和病原菌的关系

几种原药产品英文翻译

噻唑磷:【用途】有机磷杀线虫剂。

主耍用干防治根结线虫。

我公司在2008年开发成功噻唑磷并于2009年投料试车成功,目前已建成年产200吨的生产线,产品质量稳定,含量稳定在80%以上。

目前我们在采用先进的提纯技术将产品提纯至90以上,成为国内第一家工业化的公司。

Fothiazate have excellent systemic activity,it's a ideal medicament who can prevent and control autoeciousness wireworm in plant. It can kill meloidogyne arenaria,heterodera glycines ichinohe,heterodera avenae wollenweber, bursaphelen chusxylophilus,orange, beet,potato,sugar cane so on.Our company is successful in development fosthiazate TC in 2008,and in test of product in 2009. our production line output 200 Ton per year, with steady quality and high purity over 80%.Now,the advanced purification technology is used to our product and the purity is over 90%, become the first hand industrialized company in China.嘧霉胺:作用特点:为新型杀菌剂,属苯胺基嘧啶类。

为当前防治灰霉病活性最高的杀菌剂。

其作用机理独特,通过抑制病菌浸染酶的产生从而阻止病菌的侵染并杀死病菌。

黄蝉花素抑制斜纹夜蛾生长发育作用(英文)

黄蝉花素抑制斜纹夜蛾生长发育作用（英文）1. 引言1.1 研究背景The research background:One potential solution is the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, which have been shown to have insecticidal properties. Huangcianhuasu (HC) is a flavonoid compound extracted from the flowers of Sophora viciifolia, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Previous studies have demonstrated that HC exhibits biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects.1.2 研究目的The purpose of this research is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Huangchan flower extract on the growth and development of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Fall armyworm is a notorious pest that poses a significant threat to crops worldwide. As traditional chemical pesticides are increasingly facing issues such as resistance and environmental harm, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative methods for pest control.2. 正文2.1 黄蝉花素的生物活性黄蝉花素是一种天然植物提取物，具有多种生物活性。

METHOD OF REDUCING MICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO DRUG

专利名称：METHOD OF REDUCING MICROBIALRESISTANCE TO DRUG发明人：OETHINGER MARGRET,マルグレット・エーティンガー,LEVY STUART B,スチュアート・ビー・レビー申请号：JP2011038562申请日：20110224公开号：JP2011137028A公开日：20110714专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resistance-controlling agent to a fluoroquinolone.SOLUTION: The resistance-controlling mechanism is based, at least in part, on the discovery that inactivation of the AcrAB locus makes even resistant microbial cells hypersusceptible to antibiotics and non-antibiotic drugs. Surprisingly, this is true even among highly resistant microbes which have chromosomal mutations that render them highly resistant to drugs. Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention relates to methods of treating an infection caused by a drug-resistant microbe in a subject by administering a drug to which the microbe is resistant and an inhibitor of an AcrAB-like efflux pump to the subject such that the infection is treated.COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT申请人：TRUSTEES OF TUFTS COLLEGE,トラスティーズ・オブ・タフツ・カレッジ地址：アメリカ合衆国０２１５５マサチューセッツ州メッドフォード、４フロアー、バルー・ホール国籍：US代理人：田中光雄,青山葆,矢野正樹更多信息请下载全文后查看。

植保专业词汇

【分享】植保专业词汇根据斑竹要求将词汇汇总如下：植保专业英语词汇1. abacterial 无菌的2. abdomen 腹部3. abiotic 无生命的，非生物的4. acaricide 杀螨剂5. acarology 蜱螨学6. acclimatation (acclimation)驯化7. acetate 醋酸盐,醋酸纤维素及其制成的产品8. acetyltransferase 乙酰基转移酶9. acidic 酸性的10. acidify 使酸化11. acquired resistance 获得抗病性12. acquired susceptibility 获得感病性13. actinomyces 放线菌14. activator 催化剂,触媒剂15. active ingredient 有效成分16. acute toxicity 急性毒性17. adult 成虫18. affinity 亲和力19. agroecosystem 农业生态系统20. agronomic 农艺学的, 农事的21. aldehyde 醛22. alkaloid 生物碱23. amino acid 氨基酸24. amino 氨基的25. analysis of covariance 协方差分析26. analysis of variance 方差分析27. anatomy 剖析, 解剖学28. anoxic 厌氧的29. antennae 触角30. anthesis 开花期，开花31. antibiotics 抗生素,32. antibody 抗体33. antifeedant 拒食34. antigen 抗原35. antitumor 抗癌的36. aphid 蚜虫37. apoplastic 非原质体的38. arachnid 蜘蛛39. arthenogenesis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖40. arthropod 节肢动物41. arthropod 节肢动物42. ascomycetes 子囊菌43. asexual 无性的44. avirulence 无毒性45. baccine 疫苗46. Bacillus thuringiensis，Bt 苏云金芽孢杆菌47. bactericides 杀细菌剂48. basidiomycetes 担子菌49. bibliography 书目, 参考书目50. bioassay 生物测定51. biocontrol 生物防治52. biological control 生物防治53. biomass 生物数量54. biosynthesis 生物合成55. biotic pesticide 生物杀虫剂56. biotroph 活体营养57. biotype 生物型58. blast 枯萎病59. blight 枯萎病，疫病60. botanical pesticide 植物源杀虫剂61. botanical 植物学的62. broad spectrum pesticide 广谱杀虫剂63. carbohydrate 碳水化合物64. carbonyl 羰基；碳酰65. carcinogenicity 致癌性66. caterpillar 毛虫67. causal agents 病原体68. causal organism 病原生物69. chalcid 小蜂70. chlamydospore 厚垣孢子71. chlorophyll 叶绿素72. chlorothalonil (daconil) 百菌清73. chromosome 染色体74. chronic 慢性75. chrysalis 蝶蛹，茧76. cicada 蝉77. cockroach 蟑螂78. cocoon 茧79. coevolution 协同进化80. Coleoptera 鞘翅目81. colonization 定植82. community 群落83. concentration 浓度,浓缩84. constant temperature 恒温85. contact pesticide 触杀性农药86. cricket 蟋蟀87. crucifer 十字花科植物88. cytogenetics 细胞遗传学89. cytokinetic 细胞动力学的90. cytokinin 细胞分裂素91. cytoplasm 细胞质92. cytoplasm 细胞质93. deactivation 灭活作用94. degradation 退化95. density 密度96. derivative 衍生物97. derosal 多菌灵98. detoxification 脱毒99. development rate 发育速度100. development zero 发育起点101. dextrose 葡萄糖102. diagnostic 诊断的103. diamondback moth 小菜蛾104. diapause 滞育105. dicots 双子叶的106. dicotyledon 双子叶植物107. digenesis 世代交替108. Diptera 双翅目109. disease-resistant cultivar 抗病品种110. disinfectant 消毒剂111. dissect 解剖112. disulfide 二硫化物(=disulphide) 113. dominant 优势种114. dormancy 冬眠115. dose 剂量116. downy mildews 霜霉117. dragonfly 蜻蜓118. drosophila 果蝇119. dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡120. ecdysone 蜕皮激素121. ecological systems 生态系统122. ecological 生态学123. Economic Injury Level 经济受害水平124. economic threshold 经济阈值125. ectoparasite 体外寄生物, 外寄生虫126. egg/ovum 卵127. electrophoresis 电泳128. emergence 羽化129. emigration 迁移，迁飞130. endoparasitic 内寄生的131. endotoxin 内毒素132. entomology 昆虫学133. entomophagous insect 食虫昆虫134. enzyme 酶135. epidemiology 流行病学136. epiphytotics 植物流行病的，植物流行病137. estivation 夏蛰，夏眠138. ethylene 乙烯139. evolutionary 进化140. exotic species 外来的物种141. fatal temperature 致死温度142. fauna 动物群,动物区系,动物志143. fecundity 生殖力，产卵力144. feign death 假死145. femora 腿节146. fermentation 发酵147. flagellum 鞭毛148. flammable 易燃的149. flavonod 类黄铜150. flea 跳蚤151. formulation 剂型152. fruit fly 果蝇153. fumigant 熏剂154. fungi 真菌155. fungicides 杀真菌剂156. genera 属157. genome 基因组,染色体组158. genomic library 基因组库159. genotype 基因型160. genus 属(复数genera)161. germination 萌芽，发生162. glowworm, firefly 萤火虫163. grasshopper 蚱蜢164. habitat 生境165. Hemiptera 半翅目166. herbicide 除草剂167. herbivore 草食动物168. herbivorous 植食性169. hereditary 遗传的170. hetero-specific 两性繁殖的171. heterozygous 杂合的172. hibernate 越冬173. holotype 正模标本174. Homoptera 同翅目175. hormone 荷尔蒙,激素176. host 寄主177. host-specificity 寄主专一性178. hybrid 杂交，杂种的179. hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物180. hydrophilic 亲水的181. hydrophobic 疏水的182. hydroxyl 羟基183. Hymenoptera 膜翅目184. hyper-parasitoid 重寄生蜂185. hypersensitive 过敏的186. hypha 菌丝187. immunology 免疫学188. in vitro 体外189. in vivo 体内190. inbreeding 近亲交配191. induced mutation 诱导突变192. inducible 可诱导的，可导致的193. infection cycle 侵染循环194. infective 可侵染的，有传染性的195. inhibition zone 抑菌圈196. inoculate 接种，嫁接197. inoculum 接种体198. inorganic 无机的199. insect sterile 昆虫不育200. insecticide 杀虫剂201. instar 龄，龄期202. integrated pest management，IPM，有害生物综合防治203. interferon 干扰素204. interspecific competition 种间竞争205. introduced species. 引入种206. invasive species 侵入种207. invertebrate 无脊椎动物208. ionization 离子化，电离209. isotope 同位素210. juvenile hormone mimic 仿生的保幼激素211. ladybird 瓢虫212. larva 幼虫213. leafhopper 叶蝉214. leafhopper：叶蝉215. Lepidoptera 鳞翅目216. less-persistent pesticide 低残留农药217. lethal dose 致死中量218. lice 虱子219. life history 生活史220. locust 蝗虫221. low-toxic pesticide 低毒性农药222. maggot 蛆223. malarial 毒气的224. male ant 雄蚁225. male sterility 雄性不育226. mammalian 哺乳动物227. mandible 上颚228. mate 交配229. median lethal concentration (LD50)致死中浓度230. median lethal dosage (LD50)致死中量231. mesothorax 中胸232. metabolic 代谢作用的, 新陈代谢的233. metabolite 代谢物234. methyl 甲基235. microbial 微生物的，由细菌引起的236. micronutrient 微量营养素237. microscopic 用显微镜可见的238. mildethane 托布津239. mildew 霉病240. mist spryer 喷雾器241. mite 螨242. mitochondria 线粒体243. mold 霉，霉菌244. molecular 分子的，由分子组成的245. molt 蜕皮246. monoclonal antibody 单克隆抗体247. monocotyledonous 单子叶植物的248. monophagous 单食性的249. morphology 形态学250. mortality 死亡率251. mosaic 花叶252. mosaic 花叶253. moth 蛾254. moulting hormone antagonist 抗蜕皮激素255. multinucleate (细胞等)多核的256. mutant 突变异种257. mutase 变位酶258. mutation 突变259. mutualism 互惠共生260. mycelium 菌丝体(复数mycelia)261. mycotoxin 真菌毒素262. native species 本地物种263. natural enemy 天敌264. nearctic 新北区265. nematicide 杀线虫剂266. nematode 线虫267. niche 小生境、生态位268. nicotine 烟碱269. nitrogen 氮270. non-contamination pesticide 无污染农药271. nontarget organism 非靶标生物272. normal saline 生理盐水273. nymph 若虫274. offspring 后代275. oligophagous 寡食性的276. omnivore 杂食者277. oomycetes 卵菌278. organic Agriculture 有机农业279. organic pesticide 有机农药280. organophosphorus pesticide 有机磷农药281. ovaries 卵巢282. overwinter：越冬283. oviparous 卵生的284. oviposition 产卵285. palearctic 古北区286. parasite 寄生虫，食客287. parasitism 寄生288. parasitoid 拟寄生物，寄生蜂289. parthenogenesis 单性生殖, 孤雌生殖290. passive resistance 被动抗性291. Pasteurization 巴氏灭菌法292. pathogen 病菌,病原体293. pathogenicity 病原性,致病性294. pathogens 病原体(物)295. pathology 病理学296. penetrate 渗透297. pentatomid 蝽298. peroxidase 过氧(化)物酶299. persistent pesticide 持久性农药;残留性农药300. pesticide residue 农药残留301. pesticide tolerances 耐药性302. pesticide 杀虫剂303. pest-resistant cultivar 抗虫品种304. petri dish 有盖培养皿305. pharmaceutical 制药学306. pharmacology 药理学307. phenology 物候学308. phenotype 显型309. pheromone 信息素，外激素310. phosphatase 磷酸酶311. photosynthesis 光合作用312. phylogeny 系统学，系统发育313. physiology 生理学314. phytocentric 植物群落315. phytochemical 植物化学316. phytocide 植物杀菌素317. phytohormone 植物生长素318. phytopathology 植物病理学319. phytotoxic 植物性毒素的320. pollination 传粉, 授粉(作用)321. polyclonal antibody 双克隆抗体322. polygenic 多基因的323. polymorphism 多型现象324. polyphagous 多食性的325. population density 种群密度，虫口密度326. potential host 潜在寄主327. praying mantis 螳螂328. predator 捕食者，肉食动物329. probe 探针330. progeny 后裔331. proliferation 增殖332. pronotum 前胸背板333. propagule 繁殖体334. protist 原生生物335. protoplast 原生质体336. pupa 蛹337. pupa 蛹, 复数为pupae338. quarantine 检疫339. queen ant 蚁后340. queen bee 蜂王341. reciprocal 互惠的342. reductase 还原酶343. relative abundance 相对丰富度344. remnant 残留345. repellent 忌避剂，驱虫剂346. repellent 驱虫剂347. reproductive 生殖的348. resistance 抗药性349. risk assessment 风险评估350. riskiest pesticide 高毒农药351. rodenticide 灭鼠剂352. root-knot nematode 根结线虫353. rotozoan 原生动物354. secretion 分泌，分泌物(液)355. segregate 隔离356. selected insecticides 选择性杀虫剂357. semiochemicals 化学信息素358. sensilla 感觉器359. sensitivety 敏感性360. serology 血清学361. silborne 土传的362. silkmoth 蚕363. simulation 模拟364. smut 黑粉病365. sodium 钠366. soilborne 土壤带有的,土壤传播的367. solvent 溶解的，溶剂368. speciation 物种形成369. species diversity 物种多样性370. sporangium 孢子囊371. sporosorus 休眠孢子堆372. stink bug 椿象373. stochastic 随机的374. strains 菌株375. stripe 斑纹，条纹376. subfamily 亚科377. sublethal concentrations 亚致死浓度378. sublethal dose 亚致死中量379. superfamily 总科380. sustainable agriculture 可持续农业381. symbiosis 共生关系382. symposia 座谈会, 评论集383. symptomology 症状学384. synthase 合酶385. tachinid 寄蝇386. target organism 靶标生物387. target 靶子，标的388. taxa 分类阶元（taxon的复数）389. taxonomy 分类学390. temperature summation 积温391. template 模板392. termite 白蚁393. terpenoid 萜类化合物394. tetrachloride 四氯化物395. therapeutics 治疗学、疗法396. threshold 临界值397. thrips 蓟马398. toxicity 毒性399. toxigenic 产毒的400. transgenic 转基因的401. tumor 瘤402. type specimen 模式标本403. ultrastructural 超微的404. ultraviolet adj.紫外线的, 紫外的n.紫外线辐射405. vaccine 疫苗406. vector 介体407. vedalia beetle 澳州瓢虫408. venation 脉序409. virion 病毒粒子410. virological 病毒学的411. virulence 毒力，毒性412. virus 病毒413. vivo 活泼的414. wasp 蜂，黄蜂415. weed control 杂草控制416. weevil 象鼻虫，象甲417. whitefly n.粉虱418. wilt 萎蔫病419. winter spore 越冬孢子420. worker ant 工蚁421. zoospore 游动孢子。

hypersensitivity.Detection 免疫学超敏反应

Mold Spores 霉菌孢子 Animal Hair and Dander 动物毛及皮屑
(ii) Ab: IgE 1.Generation of IgE
Th1: IL-2,IFN-g,TNF-b, IL-12 Th2: IL-4,5,6,10,13 IL-4→B→IgE
(IFN-g inhibit IL-4) (IL-12 inhibit IgE)
输血反应
ABO blood groups and serum antibodies
blood group (phenotype)
genotype AA, AO
antigen A
serum antibody Anti-B
A
B
AB O
BB, BO
AB OO
B
A and B H
Anti-A
None Anti-A Anti-B
Type Ⅲ Hypersensitivity
(IC mediated, vasculitis type血管炎型)
一、Pathogenesis: (一) IC formation and deletion:
1.Size of IC:
①soluble Ag ②IgG(mainly) ③Ag Ab Ratio: Ag : Ab Ag>>Ab Ag = Ab Ag<<Ab Ag > Ab
Hypersensitivity 超敏反应
(Allergy, 变态反应) (Anaphylaxis, 过敏反应)
Chapter 20
Concept
• Allergen (Anaphylactogen) 过敏原 secondly enter sensitized host.

细胞生物学课件英文版-细胞骨架

Figure 17-16 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Generic walking mechanism of a two-headed molecular motor
Different motor proteins transport cargo along microtubules
Figure 17-7a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Microtubules
• Organized inside cells
Figure 17-8 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Keratin intermediate filaments(green)
Three major types of protein filaments
Intermediate Filaments
(diameter of 10nm)
Microtubules
(diameter of 25nm)
Actin filaments (microfilaments)
• IFs have great tensile strength, the toughest and most durable of the three types of cytoskeletal filaments
• IFs can survive after treatment with concentrated salt solutions and nonionic detergents
13 protofilaments

抗感染药物

抗菌药物(antibacterial agents):
指具有杀灭或抑制细菌活性主要供全身应用的各种抗生素及化学药物（如磺胺类、喹喏酮类、硝基咪唑类、异烟肼等）
Discovery of Antibacterial Agents
Empiric screening Cycloserine Erythromycin Ethionamide Isoniazid Metronidazole Pyrazinamide Rifamycin Trimethoprim Vancomycin Virginiamycin
商品名 Cefrom Maxipime Firstcin Wincef
首先上市瑞典(1992) 瑞典(1993) 日本(1995) 日本(1998)
N
非典型β－内酰胺类
β－内酰胺酶抑制剂复合制剂单环类（氨曲南）碳青霉烯类（如亚胺培南）
β-内酰胺类抗生素的主要耐药机制

产生 -内酰胺酶抗生素结合靶位-PBPs的变异
TEM-53，-63；SHV-2，-5，-19，-20，-21， -22
CTX-M-3，-5，-9，-11，-14，-15；SHV-12， -11，28
产ESBLs菌药物选择
碳青霉烯类氧头孢烯类头霉素类 b-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合制剂氨基糖苷类氟喹诺酮类
体外敏感的第三、四代头孢菌素可否用于治疗产ESBLs细菌感染，
抗微生物药物(anti-microbial agents)
含义较抗感染药物略窄，不包括抗蠕虫药物。
抗生素(antibiotics)：
原指在微量时对一些特异性微生物有杀灭或抑制作用的微生物次级代谢产物；后将化学方法合成的仿制品，具抗肿瘤、抗寄生虫、免疫抑制等生物效应的微生物产物，以及抗生素半合成衍生物统称为抗生素。

化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译a-c

化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译a-c 化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译a-c18 electron rule?18 电子则abbe refractometer?阿贝折射计abbreviated analysis?简略分析abderhalden's dryer?阿布德尔哈尔登干燥器abderhalden's reaction?阿布德尔哈尔登反应abegg's rule?阿贝格规则abel closed tester?阿贝尔氏密闭实验机abel pensky tester?阿贝尔彭斯基试验器abel tester?阿贝尔试验器abelite?阿贝立特aberration?像差abies oil?松节油abietate?松香酯abietic acid?松香酸abietin?松香素abiochemistry?无生化学;无机化学ablation?消融ablution?洗净abnormal setting?反常凝结abnormality?反常abradant?磨料abrader?磨损试验机abrasion?磨耗abrasion loss?磨损量abrasion resistance?耐磨能力abrasion test?磨耗试验abrasion testing machine?磨损试验机abrasive?磨料abrasive grain?磨料颗粒abrasive industry?磨料工业abrasive paper?砂纸abrasiveness?磨损性abrasives?研磨剂abs resin?abs 尸abs resins?abs尸abscisic acid?阿伯喂酸absinthe oil?洋艾油absolute activity?绝对活性度absolute alcohol?无水酒精absolute calibration?绝对校准absolute configuration?绝对构型absolute dry condition?绝对干燥状态absolute dry weight?绝对干重absolute error?绝对误差absolute humidity?绝对湿度absolute measurement?绝对测量absolute reaction rate?绝对反应速度absolute sensitivity?绝对灵敏度absolute specific gravity?真比重absolute temperature?绝对温度absolute unit?绝对单位absolute value?绝对值absolute viscosity?绝对粘度absolute zero?绝对零度absorbability?吸收性absorbance?吸光度absorbed dose?吸收线量absorbent?吸收剂absorbent paper?吸收纸absorber?吸收器吸收体absorbing power?吸收能力absorptiometer?吸光测定计absorptiometric analysis?吸光分析absorptiometry?吸收分光光度法absorption?吸收absorption band?吸收带absorption cell?吸收池absorption coefficient?吸收系数absorption column?吸收塔absorption curve?吸收曲线absorption edge?吸收端absorption factor?吸收因子absorption heat?吸收热absorption intensity?吸收强度absorption line?吸收线absorption maximum?最大吸收absorption method?吸收法absorption oil?吸收油absorption pipet?吸收管absorption refrigerator?吸收式冷冻器absorption spectrophotometry?吸收分光光度法absorption spectrum?吸收光谱absorption tower?吸收塔absorption tube?吸收管absorptive power?吸收能力absorptivity?吸收率abukumalite?钇硅磷灰石abysmal deposit?深海沉积物abyssal deposit?深海沉积物ac polarography?交莲谱法acacia?阿拉伯屎acaricide?杀螨剂acaroid resin?禾木尸accelerant?促进剂accelerated aging?加速老化accelerated aging test?加速老化试验accelerated weathering test?加速风化试验accelerating agent?促进剂acceleration globulin?促凝血球蛋白acceleration of gravity?重力加速度accelerator?促进剂acceptor?接受体accessory constituent?副成分accetyl value number?乙酰值accidental error?偶然误差acclimatization?驯化accommodation?适应accommodation coeffieient?适应系数accumulator?蓄电池accumulator acid?蓄电池酸液accuracy?准确度acenaphthene?威杀灵acenaphthene quinone?苊醌acenaphthenone?二氢苊酮acenaphthylene?萘嵌戊烯acenocoumarol?苊香豆醇acephate?乙酰甲胺磷acetal?乙缩醛acetal phosphatide?缩醛磷脂acetal resin?缩醛尸acetaldehydase?乙醛酶acetaldehyde?乙醛acetaldehyde ammonia?乙醛合氨acetaldehyde reductase?醇脱氢酶acetaldol?3 羟基丁醛acetaldoxime?乙醛肟acetamide?乙酰胺acetamidine?乙脒acetanilide?乙酰苯胺acetarsol?乙酰胂胺acetate?醋酸盐acetate dye?醋酸染料acetate fiber?醋酸纤维acetate film?醋酸纤维胶片acetate rayon?醋酸丝acetazolamide?乙酰唑胺acetic acid?醋酸acetic acid fermentation?乙酸发酵acetic acid glacial?冰醋酸acetic aldehyde?乙醛acetic anhydride?醋酐acetic bacteria?醋酸菌acetic ester?醋酸酯acetification?醋化酌acetimeter?醋酸计acetine?醋精acetoacetanilide?乙酰乙酰替苯胺acetoacetate?乙酰醋酸盐acetoacetic acid?乙酰醋酸acetoin?醋偶姻acetol?丙酮醇acetolactic acid?乙酰乳酸acetolysis?乙酸水解acetomeroctol?醋汞辛酚acetometry?醋酸测定法acetone?丙酮acetone alcohol?丙酮醇acetone body?酮体acetone butanol fermentation?丙酮丁醇发酵acetone chloroform?三氯叔丁醇acetone cyanhydrin?丙酮合氰化氢acetone dicarboxylic acid?丙酮二羧酸acetone fermentation?丙酮发酵acetone sugar?丙酮糖acetonic acid?醋酮酸acetonitrile?乙腈acetonyl acetone?丙酮基丙酮acetophenetidin?n 乙酰乙氧基苯胺acetophenone?苯乙酮acetopurpurin?乙酰替红紫acetoxime?丙酮肟acetoxyl group?乙酰氧基acetoxylation?乙酸化aceturic acid?乙酰甘氨酸acetyl bromide?乙酰溴acetyl chloride?乙酰氯acetyl hydroperoxide?过乙酸acetyl iodide?碘化乙酰acetyl ketene?二酮acetyl peroxide?过氧化乙酰acetyl propionyl?乙酰丙酰acetyl value?乙酰值acetylacetone?乙酰丙酮acetylase?乙酰酯酶acetylating agent?乙酰剂acetylation?乙酰化acetylbenzoyl peroxide?乙酰过氧化苯甲酰acetylcellulose?乙酰纤维素acetylcholine?乙酰胆碱acetylene?乙炔acetylene black?乙炔炭黑acetylene burner?乙炔燃烧器acetylene chemistry?乙炔化学acetylene chloride?乙炔基氯acetylene complex?乙炔络合物acetylene generator?乙炔发生器acetylene linkage?炔键acetylene polymer?乙炔聚合物acetylene tetrachloride?四氯乙炔acetylene welding?气焊acetylenic hydrocarbon?乙炔属烃类acetylide?乙炔化合物acetylisoeugenol?乙酰异丁子香酚acetylphenylhydrazine?乙酰苯肼acetylsalicylic acid?乙酰水杨酸acetylurea?乙酰脲achirality?非手胀achroite?无色电气石achromatic lens?消色差透镜aci form?针形acicular crystal?针状结晶acid?酸acid acceptor?受酸体acid albumin?酸蛋白acid alizarine?酸性茜素acid amide?酸胺acid ammonium sulfate?硫酸氢铵acid ammonium tartrate?酒石酸氢铵acid anhydride?酸酐acid azid?酰基叠acid azo dye?酸性偶氮染料acid base catalysis?酸碱催化acid base equilibrium?酸碱平衡acid base indicator?酸碱指示剂acid base pair?酸碱对acid base titration?酸碱滴定acid bath?酸浴acid black?酸性黑acid carbonate?酸性碳酸盐acid catalyst?酸催化剂acid chloride?酸性氯化物acid content?含酸量acid converter?酸性转炉acid decomposition?酸分解acid dye?酸性染料acid egg?酸蛋acid elevator?酸蛋acid error?酸误差acid fermentation?酸发酵acid fixing bath?酸性定像浴acid former?成酸物质acid fuchsin?酸性品红acid green?酸性绿acid group?酸根acid halide?酸性卤化物acid hydrolysis?加酸水解酌;酸解acid iodide?酰基碘acid mordant dye?酸性媒染料acid number?酸值acid of lemon?柠檬酸acid pickle?废酸液acid pickling?酸浸acid potassium carbonate?酸式碳酸钾acid potassium sulfate?硫酸氢钾acid precipitation?酸雨acid proof alloy?耐酸合金acid proof brick?耐酸砖acid proof enamel?防酸搪瓷acid proof paint?耐酸涂料acid proof pump?耐酸泵acid radical?酸基acid reaction?酸性反应acid recovery plant?废酸回收设备acid refractory?酸性耐火材料acid resistance?耐酸性acid salt?酸性盐acid sludge?废酸acid sodium carbonate?酸式碳酸钠acid solution?酸溶液acid strength?酸强度acid sulfate?硫酸氢盐acid treatment?酸处理acid value?酸值acidic oil resin?酸性油尸acidic oxide?酸性氧化物acidic reaction?酸性反应acidic titrant?酸性滴定剂acidification?酸化acidimeter?酸比重计acidimetry?酸量滴定acidity?酸度acidity function?酸度函数acidolysis?酸解acidometer?酸度计acidometry?酸度测定法acidosis?酸中毒acmite?锥辉石aconic acid?乌头酸aconitase?乌头酸酶aconitic acid?乌头酸aconitine?乌头碱acoustical material?音响材料acoustochemical?声化学的acoustochemistry?声化学acrasin?聚集素acridine?吖啶acridine dye?吖啶染料acridine orange?吖啶橙acridine yellow?吖啶黄acridone?吖啶酮acriflavine?吖啶黄素acriflavine hydrochloride?盐酸氮蒽黄acrinamin?奎纳克林acrolein?丙烯醛acrolein dimer?丙烯醛二聚物acrolein resin?丙烯醛尸acrolein test?丙烯酸试验acrosin?精虫头粒蛋白acrylaldehyde?丙烯醛acrylamide?丙烯酰胺acrylate?丙烯酸盐acrylic acid?丙烯酸acrylic fiber?丙烯酸纤维acrylic resin?丙烯酸尸acrylic rubber?丙烯酸橡胶acrylonitrile?丙烯腈actin?肌动蛋白actinic rays?光化射线actinide?锕类actinides?锕化物actinism?光化度actinium?锕actinium series?锕系actinochemistry?光化学actinochitin?辐几丁质actinolite?阳起石actinometer?日光辐射计actinomycin?放线菌素actinon?锕射气actinouranium?锕铀activated adsorption?活性吸附activated alumina?活性矾土activated atom?活化原子activated carbon?活性炭activated clay?活性白土activated complex?活化络合物activated molecule?活化分子activated sludge?活性污泥activated sludge process?活性污泥法activated state?跃迁态activation?活化activation analysis?放射化分析activation energy?活化能activator?活化剂active carbon?活性炭active center?活化中心active charcoal?活性炭active deposit?活性沉积物active earth?漂白土active earths?活性土active filler?活性填料active group?活性基active hydrogen?活性氢active mass?有效质量active material?活性物质active nitrogen?活性氮active oxygen?活性氧active power?有效功率active solvent?活性溶剂activity?活度activity coefficient?活度系数activity index?活动指数actomyosin?肌动球朊acyclic?无环的acyclic compound?无环化合物acyclic hydrocarbon?无环烃acyl carrier protein?酰基载体蛋白acyl chloride?酰基氯acyl group?酰基acyl peroxide?过氧化酰基acylating agent?酰化剂acylation?酰化acylcarbene?酰基聚炔acylnitrene?酰氮烯acyloin?偶姻acyloin condensation?偶姻缩合acyloinform?偶姻形acylurea?酰基脲adalin?阿达林adamantane?金刚烷adamkiewitz reaction?阿当凯维奇反应adamsite?亚当氏毒气adaptability?适应性adaptation?适应adapter?接管adaptive system?自适应系统adatom?被吸附原子addition?附加addition agent?添加剂addition compound?加成化合物addition polymer?加聚物addition polymerization?加聚酌addition product?附加产物addition reaction?加成反应addition solid solution?加***[JimiSoft: Unregistered Software ONLY Convert Part Of File! 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potential?吸附势adsorption site?吸附点adsorption water?吸附水adsorption wave?吸附波aerated concrete?加气混凝土aerated water?充气水aeration?吹风aerobe?需氧微生物aerobic digestion?需氧消化aerobic fermentation?需氧发酵aerochemical?空气化学的aerochemistry?空气化学aerocolloid?气溶胶aerodynamic sound?空气动力声aerogel?气凝胶aerophily?亲气性aerosil?硅胶aerosol?气溶胶aerosol propellant?气溶胶抛射剂aerosological?气溶胶的aerosolology?气溶胶学aerothermochemical?空气热化学的aerothermochemistry?空气热化学aerotropic?向氧性的aesculetin?七叶亭affination?精制affinity?亲合力affinity labeling?亲和标记aflatoxin?黄曲毒素after cure?后硫化after effect?后效应after fermentation?后发酵after ripening?后熟after vulcanization?后硫化aftercooler?后冷却器afterignition?后点火aftershrinkage?后期收缩aftertreatment?后处理agar?琼脂agar agar?琼脂agaric acid?松蕈酸agaricin?松蕈酸agate mortar?玛瑙研钵agavose?龙舌兰糖age hardening?时效硬化age resister?抗老剂agent?试剂agent of oxidation?氧化剂agglomerate?烧结块agglomeration?结块agglutinant?凝集剂agglutination?凝集agglutination reaction?凝集反应agglutinin?凝集素agglutometer?胶粘计aggregate?聚集体aggregation?聚集aging?成熟aging resistance?抗老化性agitation?搅拌agitator?搅拌机aglycon?糖苷配基agmatin?精胺agricultural chemistry?农业化学air bath?空气浴air bubble?气泡air cell?空气电池air chamber?空气室air classifier?风力分级器air compressor?空气压缩机air condenser?空气冷凝器air conditioning?空气第air conditioning equipment?空气第设备air content?空气含量air cooler?空气冷却器air cure?空气硫化air deficiency?空气缺乏air drying?空气干燥air elutriation?风筛air entraining agent?加气剂air excess?空气过量air filter?空气过滤器air fuel ratio?空气燃料比air gas?空气气体air hardening steel?空气淬硬钢air heater?空气加热器air humidity?空气湿度air lift?空气吸扬air liquefier?空气液化器air liquefying apparatus?空气液化装置air oxidation?空气氧化air pollution?大气污染air pump?气泵air purifier?空气净化器air reduction process?空气还原法air reservoir?储气筒air separation?吹气分离air separator?空气分离器air setting?空气硬化air shower?空气淋浴air temperature?气温airhole?风眼ajax powder?阿加克斯火药ajmaline?阿吗灵ajowan oil?香旱芹油alabandite?硫锰矿alabaster glass?雪花玻璃alanine?丙氨酸albarium?大理石灰albedo?反射率albertite?黑沥青albertol?阿耳伯特尸albite?钠长石albolite?镁硅塑胶album paper?像簿纸albumin?白朊albumin globulin ratio?白蛋白球蛋白比albumin glue?蛋白胶albuminate?白蛋白化合物albuminoid?硬朊alchemy?炼金术alcian blue?阿尔新蓝alcogel?醇凝胶alcohol?醇alcohol acid?醇酸alcohol dehydrogenase?醇脱氢酶alcohol fuel?酒精燃料alcohol lamp?酒精灯alcohol of crystallization?结晶醇alcohol thermometer?酒精温度计alcohol varnish?醇溶清漆alcoholase?醇酶alcoholate?烃氧基金属alcoholic compound?醇化合物alcoholic extract?酒精提出物alcoholic fermentation?酒精发酵alcoholic potash?钾碱醇液alcoholic solution?醇溶液alcoholism?酒中毒alcoholmeter?酒精比重计alcoholometry?酒精测定alcoholysis?醇解alcosol?醇溶胶alcoxyl?烷氧aldehyde?醛aldehyde acid?醛酸aldehyde alcohol?醛醇aldehyde ammonia?醛氨aldehyde dehydrogenase?醛脱氢酶aldehyde resin?聚醛尸aldimine?亚胺醛aldoheptose?庚醛糖aldohexose?乙醛糖aldoketene?醛烯酮aldol?羟醛aldol condensation?醛醇缩合aldol reaction?醇醛缩合反应aldolase?醛缩酶aldolization?缩醛反应aldonic acid?醛糖酸aldopentose?戊醛糖aldose?醛糖aldosterone?醛甾酮aldotriose?丙醛糖aldox process?羰醇法aldoxime?醛肟aldrin?艾氏剂alexandrite?翠绿宝石alfin catalyst?阿尔芬催化剂alfin polymer?阿尔芬聚合物alfin polymerization?阿尔芬聚合algae?藻类algin?藻酸alginate?藻蛋白酸盐alginate fiber?藻酸纤维alginic acid?海藻酸algol blue?阿果蓝algol color?阿果染料algorithm?算法alicyclic?脂环族的alicyclic compound?脂环化合物aliesterase?脂族酯酶aliphatic?无环的aliphatic acid?脂族酸aliphatic alcohol?脂族醇aliphatic amine?脂族胺aliphatic base?脂族碱aliphatic compound?脂族化合物aliphatic ether?脂族醚aliphatic hydrocarbon?脂族烃aliphatic series?脂族系aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid?脂族不饱羧酸alite?阿里特alizarin?茜素alizarin blue?茜素蓝alizarin brown?茜素棕alizarin dye?茜素染料alizarin lake?茜素色淀alizarin yellow?茜黄alkali?碱alkali blue?碱性蓝alkali cellulose?碱纤维素alkali fusion?碱熔融alkali ion diode?碱离子二极管alkali lignin?碱木素alkali liquor?碱液alkali metal?碱金属alkali resistance?耐碱性alkali rock?碱性岩alkali salt?碱金属盐alkalimeter?碱量计alkalimetry?碱量滴定法alkaline accumulator?减蓄电池alkaline bath?碱浴alkaline cell?碱性电池alkaline cleaner?碱性清洗剂alkaline earth metal?碱土金属alkaline earths?碱土族alkaline hydrolysis?加碱水解alkaline reaction?碱性反应alkaline solution?碱性溶液alkaline storage battery?减蓄电池alkalinity?碱度alkalization?碱化alkaloid?生物碱alkaloid reagent?生物碱试剂alkalosis?碱中毒alkamine?氨基醇类alkannin?紫草素alkanolamine?烷烃醇胺alkansulfonic acid?链烷磺酸alkene?烯烃alkine?链炔alkyd paint?醇酸涂料alkyd resin?醇酸尸alkyd resin varnish?醇酸清漆alkyl?烷基alkyl cellulose?烷基纤维素alkyl cyanide?烷基氰alkyl group?烷基alkyl halide?烷基卤alkyl sulfate?烷基硫酸盐alkyl sulfide?烷基硫alkyl sulfonic acid?烷基磺酸alkylarsine?烷基胂alkylarsonic acid?烷基胂酸alkylate?烷基化产物alkylating agent?烷化剂alkylation?烷基化alkylbenzene?烷基苯alkylbenzene sulfonate?烷基苯磺酸盐alkylene?烷撑alkylidene?次烷基alkylmagnesium halide?烷基镁化卤alkylnaphthalene?烷基萘alkyne?炔烃alkynol?炔醇allanite?褐帘石allantoic acid?尿囊酸allantoinase?尿囊素酶allantoxanic acid?尿囊毒酸allanturic acid?尿囊脲酸allelochemical?变异化学的allelochemistry?变异化学allene?丙二烯allergy?过敏反应allethrin?丙烯拟除虫菊酯allicin?蒜辣素alligator pear oil?鳄梨油allobarbital?二烯丙巴比妥allochromatic crystal?羼质色晶体allocinnamic acid?别肉桂酸alloisomerism?立体异构现象allomerism?异质同晶allophane水铝英石allophanic acid?脲基甲酸alloprene?阿洛波林allopurinol?别嘌呤醇allose?阿洛糖allosteric effect?别构效应allosteric enzyme?变构酶allosteric transition?变构转变allostery?变构性allothreonine?别苏氨酸allotrope?同素异形体allotropism?同素异形allotropy?同素异形allowable error?容许误差allowed transition?容许跃迁alloxan?阿脲alloxanic acid?阿脲酸alloxazine?咯嗪alloy?合金alloy analysis?合金分析alloy steel?合金钢allulose?阿卢糖alluvial gold?砂金allyl acetate?醋酸丙烯酯allyl alcohol?烯丙醇allyl amine?烯丙胺allyl bromide?烯丙基溴allyl chloride?烯丙基氯allyl complex?烯丙基络合物allyl compound?烯丙基化合物allyl cyanide?烯丙基腈allyl iodide?烯丙基碘allyl isothiocyanate?异硫氰酸烯丙酯allyl mercaptan?烯丙硫醇allyl resin?烯丙尸allyl sulfide?烯丙基硫allylene?丙炔allylic rearrangement?烯丙重排allylmustard oil?烯丙基芥子油allylthiourea?烯丙基硫脲almandine?铁铝榴石almandite?铁铝榴石almond oil?扁桃仁油aloe?芦荟aloin?芦荟素alpha brass?黄铜alpha cellulose?纤维素alpha counter?粒子计数器alpha iron?铁alpha naphthol?萘酚alpha position?位alpha ray spectrometer?射线能谱仪alpha rays?射线alstonine?鸡骨常山碱alternant hydrocarbon?交替烃alternating copolymer?交替共聚物alternating current?交流alternating current polarography?交莲谱alternation?交替altimeter?测高仪altitude?高度altrose?阿卓糖alum?茂alumel?镍基锰合金alumina?氧化铝alumina brick?矾土砖alumina bubble brick?泡沫矾土砖alumina cement?矾土水泥alumina fiber?氧化铝纤维alumina gel?铝凝胶alumina silica refractory?硅酸铝耐火材料aluminate?铝酸盐aluminium?铝aluminium acetate?乙酸铝aluminium alloy?铝合金aluminium ammonium sulfate?硫酸铝铵alumin***[JimiSoft: Unregistered Software ONLY Convert Part Of File! 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氨基萘酚aminonaphthol sulfonic acid 氨基萘磺酸aminopeptidase 氨基胜胨酵素aminophenol 氨基苯酚aminophenylarsonic acid 氨基苯胂酸aminophosphorylase 淀粉磷酸化酶aminophylline 氨苯碱aminopolypeptidase 氨基多胜酵素aminoprotease 氨蛋白酶aminopterin 氨基蝶呤aminopyridine 氨基吡啶aminopyrin 氨基吡啉aminoquinoline 氨基喹啉aminosalicylic acid 氨基水杨酸aminosuccinic acid 氨基琥珀酸aminosulfonic acid 氨基磺酸aminotoluene 氨基甲苯ammeter 电另ammonal 阿芒拿ammonia 氨ammonia compressor 氨气压缩机ammonia gas 氨气ammonia poisoning 氨中毒ammonia still 氨气塔ammonia synthesis 氨合成ammonia water 氨水ammoniacal brine 氨盐水ammoniacal fermentation 氨发酵ammoniacal latex 氨胶乳ammoniameter 氨量计ammoniasoda process 氨碱法ammoniated superphosphate 含铵过磷酸钙ammoniator 氨化器ammoniometry 氨量测定法ammonite 阿芒炸药ammonium 铵ammonium acetate 乙酸铵ammonium alum 铵茂ammonium benzoate 安息香酸铵ammonium bifluoride 氟化氢铵ammonium borate 硼酸铵ammonium carbamate 氨基甲酸铵ammonium carbonate 碳酸铵ammonium chloride 氯化铵ammonium chromate 铬酸铵ammonium cyanate 氰酸铵ammonium dichromate 重铬酸铵ammonium fluoride 氟化铵ammonium formate 甲酸铵ammonium hydrogen carbonate 碳酸氢铵ammonium hydroxide 氢氧化铵ammonium iodate 碘酸铵ammonium iron sulfate 硫酸铁铵ammonium metavanadate 偏钒酸铵ammonium molybdate 钼酸铵ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium nitrate explosive 硝铵炸药ammonium nitrate fertilizer 硝铵肥料ammonium oxalate 草酸铵ammonium perchlorate 高氯酸铵ammonium persulfate 过硫酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium phosphite 亚磷酸铵ammonium phosphomolybdate 磷钼酸铵ammonium picrate 苦味酸铵ammonium polysulfide 多硫化铵ammonium rhodanide 硫氰酸铵ammonium salt 铵盐ammonium selenate 硒酸铵ammonium stearate 硬脂酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵ammonium sulfite 亚硫酸铵ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵ammonium thiosulfate 硫代硫酸铵ammonium uranate 铀酸铵ammonium vanadate 钒酸铵ammonobase 氨基金属ammonolysis 氨解ammophos 安福粉amobarbital 戊巴比妥amodiaquine 阿莫待喹amorphism 无定形amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous graphite 无定型石墨amorphous material 无定形材料amorphous metal 无定形金属amorphous phosphorus 无定形磷amorphous polymer 非晶态聚合物amorphous state 无定形状态amorphous sulfur 无定形硫ampere 安amperemeter 电另amperometric titration 电廖定amperometry 电廖定amphetamine 苯异丙胺amphibole 闪石amphipathic molecule 两亲水脂分子amphiphilic molecule 两亲水脂分子ampholyte 两性电解质ampholytic active agent 两性表面活性剂ampholytic surfactant 两性表面活性剂ampholytoid 两性胶体amphoteric 两性的amphoteric character 两性特征amphoteric colloid 两性胶体amphoteric compound 两性化合物amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoteric resin 两性尸amphotericeledrolyte 两性电解质amplifier 放大器ampule 安瓿amygdalin 扁桃苷amyl 戊基amyl acetate 醋酸戊酯amyl alcohol 戊醇amyl bromide 戊基溴amyl butyrate 丁酸戊酯amyl ether 戊醚amyl formate 甲酸戊酯amyl mercaptan 戊硫醇amyl nitrite 亚硝酸戊酯amyl oleate 油酸戊酯amyl propionate 丙酸戊酯amylamine 戊胺amylase 淀粉酶amylbenzene 戊基苯amylene 戊烯amylo process 淀粉发酵法amylodextrin 淀粉糊精amyloid 淀粉状朊amylolysis 淀粉分解amylopectin 支链淀粉amylopsin 胰淀粉酶amylose 直链淀粉amytal 戊巴比妥anabasine 安纳巴松anabolism 同化酌anaerobe 厌氧微生物anaerobic glycolysis 无氧糖酵解analcime 方沸石analgesic 镇痛药analog digital conversion 模拟数字转换analog signal 模拟信号analogue 类似analogue computer 模拟计算机analysis 分析analysis line 分析线analysis with ion selective electrodes 离子选择电极分析法analyte 分析物analytic function 解析函数analytical balance 分析天平analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical extraction 分析抽出analytical method 分析法analytical reaction 分析反应analytically pure 分析纯anapaite 斜磷钙铁矿anaphoresis 阴离子电泳anatase octahedrite 锐钛矿anchor agitator 锚式搅拌器anchor stirrer 锚式搅拌器andalusite 红柱石andesite 安山岩andreasen pipet 安德烈森型吸管androsin 雄素androstane 雄烷androstendione 雄烯二酮androsterone 雄酮andrussow process 安德卢梭法anelasticity 滞弹性anemometer 风速计anemonin 白头翁脑aneroid barometer 空盒气压计anesthesin 氨基苯甲酸乙酯anesthetic 麻醉剂anethole 茴香脑aneurin 硫胺素angelica lactone 当归内酯angelica oil 当归油angiotensin 血管紧张肽angle of polarization 偏振光角angle of refraction 折射角angle of repose 休止角anglesite 硫酸铅矿angstrom 埃angular momentum 角动量anhalonine 老头掌碱anhydride 酐anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrone 无水高氯酸镁anhydrous 无水的anhydrous acid 无水酸anhydrous alcohol 无水酒精anhydrous ammonia 无水氨anhydrous salt 无水盐anileridine 氨苄哌替啶anilide 酰替苯胺aniline 苯胺aniline black 苯胺黑aniline blue 苯胺蓝aniline dye 苯胺染料aniline formaldehyde resin 苯胺甲醛尸aniline hydrochloride 盐酸苯胺aniline point 苯胺点aniline red 苯胺红aniline resin 苯胺尸aniline yellow 苯胺黄anilol 酒精苯胺混合液animal biochemistry 动物生化学animal charcoal 骨炭animal chemistry 动物化学animal dye 动物染料animal fat 动物脂animal fiber 动物纤维animal glue 动物胶animal oil 动物油anime 硬尸anion 阴离子anion active agent 阴离子表面活性剂anion exchange 阴离子交换anion exchange resin 阴离子交换尸anion exchanger 阴离子交换剂anionic polymerization 阴离子聚合anionic surfactant 阴离子表面活性剂anionoid reagent 类阴离子试剂anionotropy 阴离子移变现象anisaldehyde 茴香醛anise oil 茴香油anisic acid 茴香酸anisic alcohol 茴香醇anisidine 茴香胺anisole 茴香醚anisometric crystal 不等轴晶体anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropic liquid 蛤异性液体anisotropic membrane 蛤异性膜anisotropy 蛤异性anisoyl chloride 茴香酰氯anisyl acetate 醋酸茴香酯anisyl alcohol 茴香醇ankerite 铁白云石annabergite 镍华annealing 退火annealing furnace 退火窑annealing temperature 退火温度annulene 环轮烯anode 阳极anode effect 阳极效应anode process 阳极过程anode slime 阳极淀渣anodic oxidation 阳极氧化anodic polarization 阳极极化anodic reaction 阳极反应anodization 阳极化anodizing 阳极化anolyte 阳极电解液anomalous dispersion 异常弥散anomalous magnetic moment 异常磁矩anomalous skin effect 反常囚效应anomer 异头物anone 环己酮anorthoclase 钠斜微长石antagonism 拮抗酌antazoline 安他唑啉anthelmintics 驱肠虫剂anthocyan 花青素anthocyanidin 花色素anthocyanin 花色素苷anthophyllite 直闪石anthracene 蒽anthracene oil 蒽油anthracite 无烟煤anthracite duff 无烟煤粉anthralin 蒽啉anthranil 氨茴内酐anthranilate 邻氨基苯甲酸盐anthranilic acid 邻氨基苯酸anthranol 蒽酚anthranone 蒽酮anthrapurpurin 蒽红紫anthraquinone 蒽醌anthraquinone dye 蒽醌染料anthrarufin 蒽绛酚anthraxylon 结焦素anthrone 蒽酮anti allergic drug 抗过敏性药anti fouling paint 防污涂料anti tack agent 防粘剂antiacid 解酸药antiacid additive 抗酸添加剂antiager 抗老剂antiaromaticity 反芳香性antibiosis 抗生antibiotics 抗生物质antibody 抗体antibonding orbital 反键轨道anticarcinogen 抗癌物anticatalyst 抗催化剂anticathode 对阴极antichlor 脱氯剂anticholinesterase 抗胆碱酯酶剂anticoagulant 抗凝剂anticoagulating action 阻凝酌anticonvulsant 镇痉剂anticorrosion 抗腐蚀anticorrosive agent 防腐蚀剂anticorrosive paint 防腐涂料antidetonant 抗爆剂antidote 解毒剂antienzyme 抗酶antifertilizin 抗受精介体antifibrinolysin 抗纤维蛋白酶antifoamer 抗泡剂antifoaming agent 抗泡剂antifouling paint 防污漆antifreezing agent 阻冻剂antigen 抗原antihistamine 抗组胺剂antihistaminic agent 抗组胺剂antiknock agent 抗爆剂antiknock gasoline 抗爆汽油antiknocking fuel 抗爆燃料antimetabolite 抗代谢物antimonate 锑酸盐***[JimiSoft: Unregistered Software ONLY Convert Part Of File! Read Help To Know How To Register.]***剂antiozonant 抗臭氧剂antiparticle 反粒子antipode 对映体antiproton 反质子antipyretic and analgesic 解热镇痛药antipyrine 安替吡啉antiscorbutic vitamin 抗坏血病维生素antiscorcher 防焦剂antiscorching agent 防焦剂antisepsis 防腐antiseptics 防腐剂antispasmodic 镇痉剂antistat 抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂antitermination factor 抗终止因素antithrombin 抗凝血酶antitoxin 抗毒素antivitamin 抗维生素apatite 磷灰石aphthitalite 硫酸钾石apiin 芹实苷apiose 洋芹糖aplysiopurpurin 海螺紫apocodeine 阿朴可特因apoenzyme 酶朊apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apomorphine 阿朴吗啡apoprotein 脱辅基蛋白apozymase 酒化酶原apparatus 装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能apparent density 表观密度apparent equilibrium 表观平衡apparent specific gravity 表观比重apparent viscosity 表观粘度applied chemistry 应用化学applied thermodynamics 应用热力学approximate calculation 近似计算approximate value 近似值aprotic solvent 非质子溶剂aqua ion 水合离子aqua regia 王水aquagel 水凝胶aquametry 测水法aqueous emulsion 水乳状液aqueous medium 水介质aqueous phase 水相aqueous solution 水溶液aqueous vapor 水蒸汽arabic acid 阿糖酸arabic gum 阿拉伯胶arabinose 阿拉伯糖arabitol 阿糖醇arabonic acid 阿糖酸arachic acid 花生酸arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arachis oil 花生油aragonite 霰石aralkyl 芳烷arbutin 熊果苷arc furnace 电弧炉arc process 电弧法arc spectrum 弧光谱arch brick 拱砖archeochemistry 考古化学arecoline 槟榔素areometer 比重计areometry 比重测定法argentite 辉银矿argentometry 银量滴定argillaceous sand 粘质砂土argillite 泥质板岩arginase 精氨酸酶arginine 精氨酸argol 粗酒石argon 氩aristolochic acid 马兜铃酸arnicin 由金车苦素aroma 香味aromatic acid 芳族酸aromatic aldehyde 芳族醛aromatic amine 芳香胺aromatic compound 芳族化合物aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃aromatic nucleus 芳香环aromatic series 芳香系aromaticity 芳香度aromatization 芳香化aromatization reaction 芳香化反应aroylation 芳酰基化arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程arsanilic acid 阿散酸arsenate 砷酸盐arsenazo i 偶氮胂arsenblende 雄黄arsenic 砷arsenic acid 砷酸arsenic butter 三氯化砷arsenic glass 砷玻璃arsenic hydride 砷化三氢arsenic mirror 砷镜arsenic sulfide 硫化砷arsenic trichloride 三氯化砷arsenic trioxide 三氧化二砷arsenic trisulfide 三硫化二砷arsenide 砷化物arsenite 亚砷酸盐arseno compound 偶砷化合物arsenobenzene 偶砷苯arsenometry 亚砷酸滴定法arsenopyrite 砷黄铁矿arsenous anhydride 亚砷酸酐arsine 胂arsonic acid 胂酸arsonium 氢化砷arsonium compound 胂化合物arsphenamine 胂凡纳明art glass 艺术玻璃art paper 加工印刷纸artemisin 蒿属素arthropodin 节肢蛋白artiad 偶价元素artificial abrasive 人造磨料artificial aging 人工老化artificial almond oil 人造扁桃油artificial asphalt 人造地沥青artificial atmospher 人工气氛artificial butter 人造奶油artificial camphor 人造樟脑artificial corundum 人造金刚砂artificial diamond 人造金刚石artificial dye 人造染料artificial fertilizer 人造肥料artificial fiber 人造纤维artificial intelligence 人工智能artificial lattice 人工晶格artificial leather 人造革artificial musk 人造香artificial perfume 人造香料artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial resin 人造尸artificial rubber 人造橡胶artificial silk 人造丝artificial stone 人造石aryl compound 芳基化合物aryl halide 芳基卤arylamine 芳基胺arylation 芳基化arylide 芳基化物aryloxy compound 芳氧基化合物arylsulphonate 芳基磺酸盐asarin 细辛脑asarone 细辛脑asbestine 滑石棉asbestos 石棉asbestos board 石棉纸板asbestos cement 石棉水泥asbestos cloth 石棉布asbestos felt 石棉毛毯asbestos fiber 石棉纤维asbestos filter 石棉滤器asbestos insulation 石棉绝热体asbestos paper 石棉纸asbestos powder 石棉粉asbestos slate 石棉板asbestos wire gauze 石棉衬网asbestos yarn 石棉丝asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿ascaridol 驱蛔脑ascending method 上行法ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸asepsis 防腐ash 灰ash bath 灰浴ash collector 除尘器ash content 灰分含量ash ejector 灰喷射器ash pit door 灰坑门ash softening point 灰熔温度ashing 灰化ashless filter paper 无灰滤纸asparaginase 天门冬酰胺酶asparagine 天门冬酰胺aspartase 天门冬氨酸酶aspartate 天冬氨酸盐aspartic acid 天冬氨酸aspartokinase 天冬氨酸激酶。

《纳米抗体研究进展综述》3300字

纳米抗体研究进展综述摘要：单域抗体因其独特的优势，如水溶性好、分子量小、稳定性好、免疫原性小等一系列特点，在生物研究和医学领域中的作用愈发广泛。

在疾病诊断、病原检测、癌症疾病治疗、药物残留检测分析，坏境检测，用作sdAbs分子探针、分子诊断和显影等等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

纳米抗体因其优势，可实现重组表达，从而使得生产周期和生产成本均可大幅下降，是目前国内外研发的热点。

作者重点介绍了纳米抗体的特点，然后简述了纳米抗体的制备流程，简述了纳米抗体在疾病诊断、疾病治疗、食品安全和环境监测等领域的应用，最后对纳米抗体的应用前景进行了分析和展望。

1 介绍自1890年，第一种抗体——抗毒素，这是在血清中发现的第一种抗体［１］。

这是一种可中和外毒素的物质，1975年，杂交瘤技术的诞生开始了抗体研究和应用快速发展的时代。

由于抗体可特异性识别和结合抗原的特性，使其在疾病诊断、疾病治疗、药物运载、病原、毒素和小分子化合物检测等领域具有广泛的应用［２］。

但通过单克隆抗体技术制备的传统单克隆抗体有其不可忽视的缺点：生产耗时长、成本高、在组织和肿瘤中穿透力差、长期使用会引起机体免疫排斥反应以及动物道德问题等。

相比于传统抗体，纳米抗体具备传统抗体不具备的分子质量小和穿透性强的优势而成为现在抗体研究的主要方向之一。

单链抗体（single chain antibody fragment,scFv）就是新型小分子抗体的一种，其穿透力更强、生产成本更低，但scFv抗体存在溶解度低、稳定性较差、表达量低、易聚合和亲和力低的缺点［３］。

1989年，比利时免疫学家Hamers-Casterman 在骆驼血清中的偶然发现一种天然缺失轻链的重链抗体（HcAbs）可以解决scFv所存在的问题，重链抗体只包含２个常规的CH2与CH3区和１个重链可变区（ＶＨＨ），重链可变区具有与原重链抗体相当的结构稳定性以及与抗原的结合活性，是已知的可结合目标抗原的最小单位，其分子质量只有单克隆抗体的1/10，是迄今为止获得的结构稳定且具有抗原结合活性的最小抗体单位，因此也被称作纳米抗体（nanobody,Nb）［４］。

抗变态反应药

N-phenyl-N,N`,N`-Triethyl－ 1,2-ethylenediamine
Cl
NN
N CH3 CH3
曲吡那敏 `Tri`pelen`namine
N
N
N
克立咪唑clemizole
anti-HCV cocktails
（二）氨基醚类
R1
R2 O
CH3 N
X
CH3
Ar1 X Ar2H2C
N O
O
CH3 COOH CH3
N O
O
依巴斯汀 Ebastine
NC
卡瑞斯汀 Carebastine
CH3
H COOH
N
F
左卡巴斯汀 levocabastine
（二）.苯并咪唑类
N
N
NH
OH
N
N
N NH
N
OCH3
H N
N NH
N
F
F
去甲阿司咪唑
阿司咪唑(息斯敏) F
(A`stemizole)
替卡咪唑
色甘酸钠，酮替芬等过敏介质释放抑制剂
×
组胺H1受体拮抗剂
×
抗白三烯药齐留通，扎鲁司特
组胺白三烯，前列腺素等
图片来源不祥
H1受体
支气管和胃肠道平滑肌痉挛，毛细血管扩张，管璧通透性增加，腺体分泌增多导致红肿
H2受体
激活腺苷酸环化酶，产生环磷酸腺苷与钙离子激活胃璧细胞的质子泵，分泌胃酸和胃蛋白酶
Cl
+
[Cu] N
CH2Cl
N
ClCH2CH2N (CH3) 2 Cl NaNH2 ,C6H5CH3
Cl N
CH3 N

寄生虫单词.doc

《人体寄生虫学》外文、中文名词对照A.castellanii卡氏棘阿米巴Aancylostoma caninum 犬钩口线虫Acanthamoeba 棘阿米巴属acanthor 棘头蚴Acari 螨亚纲（蜱螨亚纲）Acariformes 真螨目accidental parasite 偶然寄生虫acetabulum 腹吸盘acquired immunity 获得性免疫adult 成虫Aedes aegypti 埃及伊蚊Aedes albopictus白纹伊蚊African trypanosomiasis 非洲锥虫病agglutinin 凝集素AIDS艾滋病albendazole 阿苯达唑（丙硫咪唑）Aldrichina grahami巨尾阿丽蝇allethrin 丙烯菊酯Alocinma longicornis 长角涵螺alternation of generations 世代交替alveolar hydatid cyst 泡球蚴amastigote 无鞭毛体amebae阿米巴American trypanosomiasis 美洲锥虫病aminoquinoline 氨基喹啉amoeba pores 阿米巴穿孔素amoebic colitis 阿米巴性结肠炎amoebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾amoebic keratitis (AK) 阿米巴性角膜炎amoebic liver abscess 阿米巴肝脓肿amoeboma 阿米巴肿anal swab 肛门拭子法Ancylostoma braziliense 巴西钩口线虫Ancylostoma ceylanicum锡兰钩口线虫Ancylostoma duodenale十二指肠钩口线虫anemia 贫血Angiostrongylus cantonensi s 广州管圆线虫anisakiasis 异尖线虫病Anisakis 异尖线虫Anopheles anthropophagus嗜人按蚊Anopheles dirus大劣按蚊Anopheles minimus 微小按蚊Anopheles sinensis 中华按蚊Anoplura 虱目antenna 触角anticoagulin 抗血凝素antigen determinant 抗原决定簇antigen disguise 抗原伪装antigenic variation 抗原变异anti-idiotypic antibody 抗独特型抗体apical prominence 顶突apoptosis 细胞凋亡Arachnida 蛛形纲Araneae 蜘蛛亚纲arbo-disease 虫媒病Argasidae 软蜱科artemether 蒿甲醚artemisinin （quinghaosu）青蒿素artesunate青蒿琥酯ascariasis 蛔虫病Ascaris lumbricoides 似蚓蛔线虫ascaroside 蛔甙层asexual generation 无性生殖Balantidiidae 小袋科Balantidium coli结肠小袋纤毛虫basal body 基体basal lamella 基质膜basal plasmamembrane 基质膜basement layer 基层basoquin 氨酚喹阿莫地喹baytex 倍硫磷bed bug 臭虫bentonite flocculation test,BFT 皂土絮状试验binominal system 二名制biological transmission 生物性传播bithionol 硫双二氯酚Bithynia fuchsianus 赤豆螺（傅氏豆螺）biting midge 蠓black fly 蚋（黑蝇）bladderworm 囊虫Blastocystidea 芽囊原虫纲Blastocystis 芽囊原虫属Blastocystis hominis 人芽囊原虫blastocystosis hominis 人芽囊原虫病Blattaria 蜚蠊目Blattella germanica德国小蠊blephearoplast 毛基体Boettcherisca peregrina棕尾别麻蝇Boophilus microplus微小牛蜱Borrelia burgdorferi伯氏包柔氏螺旋体Borrelia latyshevyi拉氏包柔氏螺旋体Borrelia persica波氏包柔氏螺旋体Borrelia recurrentis 回归热包柔氏螺旋体bothrium 沟槽bradysporozoites，BS 迟发型子孢子。