2011年上海交大外国语言学及应用语言学真题
华慧上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题阅读理解第1篇试题及参考答案
上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题阅读理解试题及参考答案(One)Passage OneLithography (平板印刷术）is an art process of printing from a plane surface on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. Lithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water. A drawing is made in reverse on the ground surface of the stone with a crayon or ink that-contains soap or grease. The image produced on the stone will accept printing ink and reject water. Once the grease in the ink has penetrated the stone, the drawing is washed off and the stone kept moist. It is then inked with a roller and printed on a lithographic press. As a process, lithography is probably the most unrestricted, allowing a wide range of tones and effects. Several hundred fine prints can -be taken from a stone. The medium was employed by many 19th century artists, including Goya, Delacroix, Daumier, Degas, and remains popular with, contemporary artist. Among American artist noted for their lithographs are Carrier and Ives.The Currier and Ives firm of lithographers was founded by Nathaniel Currier in 1834. James Ives joined the firm as a bookkeeper eighteen years later just after becoming Currier’s brother-in-law, and was made a partner in 1857. The pair showed an uncanny ability to predict what the American public would rush to buy in the way of cheap art, and literally hundreds of thousands of prints from as many as 7,000 individual pictures were named out and sold from the firm’s shop in lower New York by street vendors and over shop counters throughout the country and even in Europe. Though in the course of time the firm employed some of America’s finest artists, artistic excellence could certainly not be counted among the firm’s real goals. Nevertheless, some time after it went out of business in 1907, the prints enjoyed new popularity as collectors’ items, the rarer examples fetching thousands of dollars in the 1920’s.41. What occurs when a design has been drawn on a flat surface with a special grease crayon and to which (the surface) water and then ink are applied?A. The ink adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas.B. The ink adheres to the moist areas and is repelled by the crayon image.C. The water adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas.D. Both ink and water are repelled by the crayon image.42. Witch of the following correctly describes when Ives became a partner?A. As soon as he married Currier’s sisterB. When he could predict American taste in cheap art better than Currier.C. After eighteen years of service to the firm.D. When he had worked for the company for about five years.43. According to the passage, what was the particular factor that seemed to make the firm so successful?A. Its feeling for what the public would buyB. Its choice of shop site in lower New York.C. The fact that it published prints that became collectors’ itemsD. Its ability to identify upcoming great American artists.44. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. During its whole history, it sold 7,000 prints.B. The firm’s prints were especially popular in Europe.C. The average number of prints from each picture was fewer than 7,000.D. Street vendors were among the firm’s most effective sale force.45. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?A. The issuing of a Currier &Ives print was of some interest to the American can public.B. Some of the best American artists of the day were employed by Currier &Ives.C. The popularity of Currier & Ives prints did not end when the business closed.D. Currier &Ives primary goal was to be remembered as patrons of the arts.参考答案解析Passage One【文章大意】本文首先讲述了平板印刷术的工作原理，而后介绍了美国艺术家也运用这一原理，在美国艺术家中，因他们的平板印刷术而著名的是Carrier and Ives，他们凭借对市场预测的神秘能力使他们的公司壮大了。
2011年上海外国语大学考研-语言学及应用语言学回忆版真题分享
2011年上海外国语大学考研-语言学及应用语言学回忆版真题分享【语言学概论】一、名词解释。
（10×2’）1 语言2 语流音变3区别性特征4类推作用5组合的递归性6语音对应关系7表意文字8克里奥尔语9共时语言学10历史比较语言学二、判断题。
（10×2’）1语言是独特的，所以语言之间没有共性。
（）2哪种语言占据统治地位是由说该语言的民族的政治地位所决定的。
（）三、填空题。
（20×0.5’）1对语言结构的研究分为四部分：______、______、______、______。
2______ 是最小的语法单位，______ 是最大的语法单位。
3布龙菲尔德的代表作是 ______，奠定了描写语言学派的理论基础。
4句子中的修饰成分一般有 ______ 和 ______ 充当。
5瑞士语言学家柴门霍夫发明的语言叫做 ______。
6有区别词的语音形式作用的音高、音长、音重叫做 ______。
7词的有历史可查的最初的意义叫 ______，由本义衍生出来的意义叫______。
8语言符号的形式是 ______，意义是 ______。
9词义演变的类型有旧义的 ______、______、______。
10修饰语包括 ______。
四、选择题。
1奠定了现代语言学基础的是（）。
2小学不包括（）。
A.文字B.修辞C.音韵D.训诂3 下列现象属于构词的有（）。
4 下面既可以作为自由语素，又可以作为粘着语素的是（）。
5 方言是语言在不同（）的变体。
五、分析题。
1用国际音标给写出下列字注音： 1）上海外国语大学研究生2区分下面词语的语义特征：1）公鸡和小鸡2）椅子和凳子3）衬衫和背心4）自行车和摩托车5）粥和饭3 指出下列词的本义和派生义，并指出派生的方式：1）老2）绿色3）卫星4）铁窗5）China4 分析构词：1）睡觉2）玻璃3）人类4）改正5）车辆6）鼠窜5用变换分析法和层次分析法分析以下歧义句：1）撞了李阿姨的车2）妇女和老人的朋友3）反对的是厂党委书记。
外国语言学及应用语言学(英语)
外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）、英语语言文学专业硕士研究生培养方案及课程简介（2010年6月修订）一、培养目标和要求为了迎接新世纪的挑战，为了贯彻“科教兴国”的战略思想，为了现代化建设的需要，英语专业研究生项目按照国家教育部对文科应用类研究生培养目标和要求，确定其整体培养方案和具体的课程设置。
本专业将坚持德智体全面发展的教育方针，坚持按照外交学院的校训，对研究生实施政治思想、专业知识和语言技能的综合培养，为外交部和其他部委或涉外部门培养和输送高层次、复合式、外向型高级人才，他们应该既能够胜任具体的业务性工作，又能够进行调研和科研工作，完成不同级别的研究课题，产生高质量的调研报告或科研论文。
为此，对本专业研究生的要求如下：1.在政治思想上坚持四项基本原则，拥护党的改革开放方针路线，决心努力学习，提高自己的综合素质，为我国的强盛、社会主义事业的发达贡献自己的力量和聪明才智。
2.具有扎实的英语基础，高于一般的口语和文字表达能力。
3.掌握有关的专业知识。
4.掌握调研报告或科研论文的写作方法。
5.熟练地掌握一门第二外国语。
6.身体和心理健康。
二、研究方向1. 外国语言学与应用语言学〖翻译理论与实践〗（学科代码：050215）2.英语语言文学〖美国研究〗（学科代码：050201）三、学习年限外国语言学与应用语言学和英语语言文学两个二级学科的英语（翻译理论与实践和美国研究）专业学习年限均为三年，其中前两年为学习专业课程时间，第三年为论文撰写时间。
四、学分要求外国语言学与应用语言学（翻译理论与实践）和英语语言文学（美国研究）专业均要求修满49学分，其中必修课36学分，选修课12学分，实习1学分（在校期间担任助教满72学时，或利用假期参加社会实践活动满一个月，写出实习书面报告，有实习单位鉴定认可的，计1学分）。
每个学生在本方向选修课内修满12学分后，可以在另一方向中选修1-2门课程。
五、课程设置为实现上述人才培养目标和要求，除了根据教育部要求安排的公共课程外，两个专业方向还设置以下专业课程：1.外国语言学与应用语言学〖翻译理论与实践方向〗●必修课高级英译汉（I）高级汉译英（I）高级英译汉（II）高级汉译英（II）高级英语口译（外交）高级英语口译（文化）高级英语口译（经贸）高级英中视译●选修课英国文学美国文学普通语言学翻译理论话语分析西方文论同声传译实践翻译研究方法论互文性与翻译研究2.英语语言文学〖美国研究方向〗●必修课高级英译汉（I）高级汉译英（I）高级英译汉（II）高级汉译英（II）高级英语口译（外交）高级英语口译（文化）高级英语口译（经贸）高级英中视译●选修课美国外交政策国际关系：理论与实践外交与法律美国族群问题研究美国法律与司法体系美国历史专题研究同声传译实践社会科学研究方法论六、教学与培养方式1.言传身教、教书育人是教师之天职，师德之体现。
2011年高考英语真题上海卷试题精讲(含答案和每道题目详细解释)
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3. 考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a train station.B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.【答案】B【解析】本题的选材属于“人际关系”类话题，属高考听力的高频话题。
华慧上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题阅读理解第3篇试题及参考答案
上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题阅读理解试题及参考答案(Three)Passage ThreeAs the English language has changed at a fast speed in the last century, so has the use of the English language.After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English of Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers in the clearest and most understandable spoken English.English has had a strong association, with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually thrown away, especially by the young generation.As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and integrated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has reduced or the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and in specific circumstances.By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather an expression of classlessness.The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.In the 1970s, fashion favored careless pronunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and “in” words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world. What is considered modern and fashionable in Britain today is often not the kind of English taught in schools and colleges.51. Which one of the following is NOT true?A. The use of the English language has not changed much in this century.B. The BBC announcers speak Standard English.C. English has no association with class and social status now.D. Young people all speak English in the same way.52. What does the author imply by saying, “there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery” (Part. 3)?A. People all speak English like BBC announcers.B. There is a great change of attitude about how English should be spoken.C. Some people still think their way of speaking is inferior.D. Most people don’t believe their way of speaking is inferior.53. According to the author, there was a trend in the U.S for the young people___________.A.to speak Standard EnglishB.to speak English without class distinctionC.to speak English with class distinctionD.to speak English with grammar mistakes.54. The word “prerogative” in the passage (Para.5, line 3) probable means________.A.preferenceB.exclusive rightC.expressionD.inborn ability55. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Standard English is taught in school and colleges.B. the young people are defiant because they refuse to speak standard EnglishC. English language is influenced by American English in the last 25 years.D. there has been a great change in the English language in this century.参考答案解析Passage three【文章大意】在过去的一个世纪里，英语语言发生了很大的变化，英语语言的运用也同样发生了很大的变化。
2009年上海外国语大学语言学及应用语言学专业课真题(回忆版)
2009年上海外国语大学语言学及应用语言学专业课真题（回忆版）现代汉语一，判断（10'）1，北方方言是普通话基础方言是因为它的词汇丰富2，“节省”的“省”和“浙江省”的“省”是同音词3，“子女，子弹，棍子，裤子”的子是定位语素其他的不记得了二，填空（10'）1，方言差异中（语音）差别最大，其次是（词汇）2，辅音声母有（）个3，是一个词问你几个语素的，不记得是什么词了4，汉语规范化的四定，（定音），定形（定量），（定序）5，我国第一部语法著作是（）写的（）。
6，“他不是老实，是愚蠢。
”是（并列）复句。
三，选择（20'）1，哪一项不是发元音时的特征，（选元音气流强，因为元音气流是弱的）2，哪一项体现了词义的模糊性（黄色是靠近红色的黄色，还是靠近绿色的黄色）这个答案体现了词义模糊性，这是我选的3，“在世界杯上，运动员奋力拼搏，龙腾虎跃，为什么什么增添了气氛。
”（是这个结构，具体词不记得），问是主谓谓语句还是单个复句还是多重复句4，哪一个是兼语句5，哪一个是连动句其他而不记得了，等想起来我再补充四，举例说明下列名词（20分）1，语音的四要素2，词根和词缀3，描写语法4，基本词汇5，语义特征分析五，30分（好几种题型，有注音，填字，改错字，层次分析，构词方式）1，给下列字注音暂时的暂，辍学的辍，隽永的隽，酗酒的酗，还有不记得了2，填字万马齐（喑）（恬）不知耻（潸）然泪下（罄）竹难书还有一个不记得3，改错“堪察”改成“勘察”“明枪暗剑”改成“明枪暗箭”“借签”改成“借鉴”“指高气昂”改成“趾高气昂”“姿意”改成“恣意”4，分析下列词的构词方式（6分）口红，道德，打工，割让，借用，人类5，层次分析法分析下列短语（6分）（1）保时保质保量地完成任务（2）派人去通知小王马上来报到六，分析（30分）1，iou,uen,uei在拼写时的省略规则（4分）2，词类的划分标准（下午的语言学一个论述题也是和这个很像的题目）（4分）3，确定语言单位是不是词有哪些判断方法（10分）4，音节，语素，汉字的对应关系（12分）（08一道真题是汉字音形义的对应关系，都是张斌书上的）七，论述（30分）1，试分析二和两的区别（15分）（我记得15讲上有，现汉上好像也提过）2，“动词+了三天了”的句法结构有不同的语义结构，试分析原因。
050211 外国语言学及应用语言学
明：本院拟招收37％左右推免生。
招生院系：外国语言文学学院院系说明：本院拟招收37％左右推免生。
外国语言学及应用语言学专业介绍本授予点的学科带头人为朱永生教授。
现有教授12人，副教授36人。
博士生导师8人。
主要研究方向：1.外国语言学2.英汉语言比较3.第二语言习得4.英语教学近年来的主要科研成果：《系统功能语言学多维思考》，《功能语言学导论》，《语境动态研究》，《系统功能语言学概论》；《论说文入门》，《英汉写作修辞对比著》，《南北韩的语法研大学英语教学改革回顾、反思和研究》、《大学英语》（全新版）、《21世纪大学英语》等。
开设的主要专业课程：语言学概论、话语分析、应用语言学、社会语言学、对比语言学、语言测试、翻译学、英语阅读理论与实践、英语写作理论与实践等。
毕业生去向：毕业生主要从事英语专业以及大学英语的教学与研究。
英语语言文学专业介绍本专业创立于1905年，目前有英语语言文学博士点一个和英语语言文学博士后流动站一个，有教授13人，副教授11人。
本专业为上海市重点学科。
教师有着丰富的教学经验和较高的科研能力，曾多次获得国家及上海市教学科研奖项。
主要研究方向：①现代英语；②英美文学；③语言学；④双语词典编纂；⑤翻译学；⑥文艺理论近年来的主要科研成果：《英汉大词典》（第二版）、《英汉语篇衔接手段对比研究》、《系统功能语言学多维思考》、《认知语言学概论》、《英汉和汉英语义结构对比》、《英汉零前指现象对比研究》、《现代英汉翻译操作》、《莎士比亚十论》、《莎士比亚专题研究》、《莎评简史》、《语言科学探源》、《文本之外:由佩内洛普?菲茨杰拉德的小说及文学生涯看文学研究》、《矛盾情结与艺术模糊性：超越政治和族裔的美国华裔文学》等。
硕士生主要专业课程：英国小说、美国诗歌、翻译研究（上、下）、莎士比亚研究、文艺复兴与莎士比亚、美国小说研究、欧美小说艺术研究、英语语言史、认知语言学、语义学、西方语言学理论、符号学、话语分析、功能语言学、英语词典学、语用学。
语言学 真题及答案解析
语言学真题及答案解析是一门探究语言的科学，它研究语言的结构、功能、历史、变化以及与社会、心理等诸多领域的关系。
本文将通过真题及答案解析的形式，探讨的一些重要方面。
1. 语音学语音学是的基础分支，研究语音的发音、音素、音节等。
下面是一道真题：“在英语中，/congratulations/这个词的音节数为几个？”答案解析：根据英语的发音规则，/cong/为第一个音节，/rat/为第二个音节，/u/为第三个音节，/la/为第四个音节，/ti/为第五个音节，/ons/为第六个音节，总共为六个音节。
2. 语言分类学语言分类学研究各种语言之间的共性和差异。
以下是一道真题：“下面哪个语言家族具有最多的使用者？”答案解析：根据最新的统计数据，汉语族是使用人口最多的语言家族，全球有将近14亿人使用汉语，超过其他任何语言家族。
3. 语义学语义学研究语言单位的意义，包括词义、短语义以及句义。
以下是一道真题：“以下哪个词语属于反义词？”答案解析：反义词是指意义上相对相反的词语。
根据选项，只有“上升”和“下降”是反义词关系，因此答案为“下降”。
4. 语用学语用学研究语言在实际交流中的使用和功能。
以下是一道真题：“在‘你能帮我一个忙吗？’这句话中，‘能’是表示请求还是表示能力？”答案解析：从句子的语境来看，“能”在这里是表示请求的意思，请求对方帮助。
因此，答案为“表示请求”。
5. 句法学句法学研究语言单位之间的组合和句子的结构。
以下是一道真题：“以下哪个是并列句？”答案解析：并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个主谓完整的句子，选项中只有D项“我喜欢音乐，我也喜欢电影。
”符合这个定义。
6. 语言变化语言是动态变化的，随着时间的推移，语言会发生变化。
以下是一道真题：“以下哪种语音变化是通过声调产生的？”答案解析：声调是语音的一种音高变化，在某些语言中，声调的变化可以改变词义。
因此，声调是一种通过声调产生的语音变化。
通过以上的真题及答案解析，我们可以看到的多个方面。
[2011真题]语言学及应用语言学真题回忆征集~~~
![[2011真题]语言学及应用语言学真题回忆征集~~~](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/98ab730ba6c30c2259019ec6.png)
[2011真题]语言学及应用语言学真题回忆征集~~~
首先要跟大家声明，一下真题回忆的很零散，确实力量有限，题目顺序可能也不对，希望有记得的同学帮着回忆回忆，谢谢啦
看的不满意的，不要拍我~~~~
2011北语考研真题现代汉语部分：
一，书籍是造就人类灵魂的工具，用汉语拼音和严式音标注音
二，写出后响复元音及其音标
三，辨析近义词
颗、粒
关心，关怀
四，名词解释
非对应关系（这个我不会，所以记得，其他的居然不记得了）
中间有好多记不全
最后一题是：说说什么样的歧义现象适合用语义特征分析，举例说明
古代汉语部分：
一，填空（顺序不一定对，内容也不完全，大家凑合看吧）
1，诗经主要流传的几个版本
2，清代王引之的《经传释词》
3，《楚辞》的作者
二，名词解释
叶音说衍文如字
三，加点字的意义和用法
1，行李之往来，供其乏困，君亦无所害
2，友直，友谅，友多闻
四，简答（有两道题）
1，说说下列现象和现代汉语用法不同的地方（给了三个句子）
投我以木瓜，报之以琼琚
日月逝兮，岁不我与！
五，标点并翻译
子厚以元和十四年十一月八日卒，年四十七。
以十五年七月十日，归葬万年先人墓侧。
子厚有子男二人：长曰周六，始四岁；季曰周七，子厚卒乃生。
女子二人，皆幼。
其得归葬也，费皆出观察使河东裴君行立。
行立有节概，重然诺（84），与子厚结交，子厚亦为之尽，竟赖其力。
葬子厚于万年之墓者，舅弟卢遵。
“外国语言学及应用语言学”专业硕士学位研究生
“外国语言学及应用语言学”专业硕士学位研究生培养方案（专业代码 050211）一、培养目标培养具有坚定正确的政治方向，良好的道德修养，宽厚扎实的业务基础，严谨的治学态度，良好的学风，较强的科研创新能力，能够在教育、科研、外事、经贸、新闻等部门从事教学、研究、翻译、管理等工作的高层次英语专门人才。
具体要求如下：1.努力学习马列主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论，坚持四项基本原则。
热爱党，热爱社会主义祖国，遵纪守法，品行端正，作风正派。
2.有较强的团队意识和良好的协作精神，顾大体，视大局，自愿服从组织分配。
锐意开拓，积极进取，有为社会主义现代化建设服务的高度的事业心和责任感。
3.具有严谨的治学态度、刻苦钻研的良好学风、较强的创新意识和实事求是的科学精神。
4.具有扎实的英语语言基本功和较强的英语口语实践能力。
5.在外国语言学及应用语言学方面有坚实的理论基础和系统的专门知识，对当代语言学和语言教学的前沿理论有较好的认识和了解。
6.掌握一门第二外语，并能较熟练地运用第二外语阅读本专业的文献资料以获取相关学术信息。
7.掌握计算机基本原理和技能，能熟练地运用计算机进行本学科及相关学科的教学、科研和其他工作。
8.积极参加体育锻炼，具有健康的身心。
二、研究方向1.现代语言学2.应用语言学与外语教学三、学习年限全日制硕士研究生在校学习基本年限为三年，最长不得超过四年，成绩优秀的研究生最多可提前一年毕业。
在职研究生不得超过四年。
三年中课程学习和学位论文撰写时间（包括论文答辩）原则上各占一半。
四、培养方式1、采取导师负责与导师组集体培养相结合，系统理论学习、科学研究与实践活动相结合，整体培养和个人指导相结合的培养方式。
2、采取讲授、自学、讨论等形式进行课程的系统学习，充分体现因材施教的原则，注重发挥研究生的个人才能和特长，注重研究生综合素质和创新能力的培养。
3、严格按照培养方案的规定进行学业考试或考查。
专业学位课程由导师组组织考试，非学位课程可根据课程特点采取考试、考查或课程论文等方式考核。
2011上外MTI真题
2011年上外高翻MTI研究生统考《汉语百科知识》考题完整版百科知识（一）选择题1.能表演―掌上舞‖是古代哪位美女？（几个选项是：貂蝉，西施，赵飞燕，杨玉环）2.《史记》中―世家‖是给什么人做的传？（帝王，王侯，将士，还有一个忘了。
）3.―孔雀东南飞‖和___并称诗歌史上的―双壁：4.―菊月‖是指哪一个月？5.―红肥绿瘦‖是指什么季节？6.―司空见惯‖中―司空‖是指？A唐朝的一位诗人B唐朝的一位高僧C一个官职7.下面哪一个是武松所为？A倒拔垂杨柳B汴京城卖刀C醉打蒋门神8.―名花解语‖是指什么？9.―程门立雪‖是为了什么？A拜访B请罪C道谢D拜别10.一知半解又爱炫耀的人我们通常用什么词语形容？A半截剑B半段枪C半面D半瓶醋11.―七月流火‖形容的是？A炎炎夏日B夏去秋来C春去秋来D秋去冬来12.―汗流浃背‖是为了什么？13.京剧中，性格活泼的青年女性是？A青衣B花旦C彩旦14. ―杨柳‖是？A一种植物B两种植物C与植物无关15―成也萧何败萧何‖指的是哪位历史人物？（二）成语解释精卫填海来龙去脉初出茅庐韬光养晦斯芬克之谜MTI之2011中文百科-keys（杭州小蚩尤尝鲜版）1.汉宫飞燕赵飞燕身材轻盈，有人认为是古代芭蕾的雏形。
2.世家指的是各地的诸侯王3.北朝民歌木兰诗4.菊花开的月份9月5.注意这里不是声声慢的怎敌他晚来风急，绿叶已经盛开，花苞还没开，是春季。
6.此典故和刘禹锡有关，如果知道孔子以前担任过司寇，就能推断司空也是官职了。
7.花和尚鲁智深，青面兽杨志，天伤行者武松。
8.唐玄宗对杨贵妃的褒奖之词。
美人通情达理。
9.、―凤凰二程‖中的弟弟程颐在睡觉，门口有学生拜访想求学，直到大雪一尺多高。
10.半瓶醋=半瓶水11.并不是说很热的意思，流火是流失了火热，秋天要来了。
12.文帝问到周勃刑法和税收事宜，由于平时工作敷衍，吓得够呛。
13.青衣南方叫正旦，服装朴素。
彩旦是丑角的老太婆扮相。
14.南宋之前还没有对杨树有过记载，所以只是柳树而已。
2010年上海交通大学英语语言文学专业考研试题(回忆版)
）
回忆版）
（回忆版2010年上海交通大学英语语言文学专业考研试题
年上海交通大学英语语言文学专业考研试题（
224德语（二外）
每年题型都会变动一点，10年考试题型为：
一，选择（考的主要是词汇和语法，复习时要细心，注意一些日常交际用语和一些简单词的用法）
二，词汇（今年没考介词填空，考了词缀填写，选词填空，和首字母填空，首字母填空是参考书第三册上的一篇文章）
三，翻译（六个小题德译中，前五个是参考书中课文上的，最后一个不是，有点难）
四，写作（题型与07年的一样，三个小题，今年考了对德国的了解，你可以为环境做些什么，电脑可以做些什么）
五，阅读（两篇，第一篇五个判断题，第二篇三个主观题，比较难，我基本没看懂那三个问题啥意思）
627英美文学
题型与出题范围较05，06，07变化很大
1，作家作品搭配只考了20分，题型是10个作品写出作者，10作家写出他们的MASTERPIECE.
2，文学术语今年考了ALLEGORY, TRAGEDY, 之类的词，与往年不大一样
3，诗歌今年考了华兹华斯的< 我心似一朵孤独的流云>
4，ESSAY并不像往年一样考了REALISM ,MODERNISM, POSTMODERNISM, 的特征，而是考了海明威对死的看法在他作品中的体现。
5，作文与以往也不同，以往是给个题目写篇ESSAY， 今年的题型与专八题型差不多。
849英语水平考试
题型没变，难度适中，三十个词汇选择题较其他题目要难一些。
2011年英语专业八级考试语言学试题答案与解析.doc
2011年英语专业八级考试语言学试题答案与解析
答案：1. C 2. A 3. C
试题解析:
1.认知语言学是语言学的一门分支学科，它以第2代认知科学和体验哲学为理论背
景，在反对主流语言学转换生成语法的基础上诞生，大约在1980年代后期至1990年代开始成型。
认知语言学涉及人工智能、语言学、心理学、系统论等多种学科。
它针对生成语言学天赋观，提出：语言的创建、学习及运用，基本上都能够通过人类的认知而加以解释，因为认知能力是人类知识的根本。
题目中关于语言和心理关系的研究是认知语言学研究的内容。
故选择C。
2.英语语音分为元音和辅音两大类。
区分元音和辅音的标准是气流是否受到阻碍。
气流由
肺部发出，在口腔和喉部不受任何阻碍，通常声带振动，这样发出的音叫元音。
气流由肺部送出时，或者完全受阻，或者部分受阻，或者因出口太窄，空气流出时产生摩擦，或者气流在口腔受到阻碍而由鼻腔发出，这样发出的音称为辅音。
故选择A。
3.某一地区或国家的居民使用几种语言（通常在三种或三种以上）的现象称为多语制。
多
语现象在一些西非国家（如尼日利亚、加纳）、马来西亚、新加坡和以色列等国家普遍存在。
故选择C。
考点分析：2011年英语专业八级考试人文知识中英语语言学知识测试内容仍然涉及教材中第二章语音学（phonetics）、第八章语言与社会（language and society）和第十二章语言与大脑（language and brain）中基本概念和基础知识的理解。
华慧上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题阅读理解第2篇试题及参考答案
上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题阅读理解试题及参考答案(Two)Passage TwoIn 1997, Moscow, Russia, celebrated the 850th anniversary of its founding. In the more than eight centuries that Moscow has been a viable city, it has been characterized by waves of new construction. The most recent one is ongoing as Moscow thrives as capital of the new Russia. The architecture of Moscow represents a hodgepodge (大杂烩）of style, as 12th century forms mingle with elegant estates from the times of the Czars and functional structures that reflect the pragmatism (实用性）of the Soviet ear. As Moscow grows under a new system of government, there is concern that some of the city’s architectural history will be lost, with each tier holding information about a part of Russia’s past. In some areas of the city, archaeologists have reached the layer from 1147, the year of Moscow’s founding.Moscow has a history of chaotic periods that ended with the destruction of the largely wooden city and the building of the “new” city on top of the ruins of the old. The result is a layered city, with each tier holding information about a part of Russia’s past. In some areas of the city, archaeologists have reached the layer from 1147, the year of Moscow’s founding.Russia has begun a huge attempt to salvage and preserve as much of Moscow’s past as possible. New building could destroy this history forever, but Moscow has decided on a different approach. Recognizing that new building represents progress, and progress is necessary for the growth of the nation, new building is flourishing in Moscow. However, the Department of Preservation of Historical Monuments is insuring that building is done in a manner that respects the past. There are approximately 160 active archaeological sites currently in Moscow, 5000 buildings have been designated as protected locations.One example of the work done by the Department of Preservation of Historical Monuments is Manege Square, which lies just west of the Kremlin. Throughout Moscow’ past, this Square has been a commercial district. In keeping with that history, the area will be developed as a modern shopping mall, complete with restaurants, theaters casinos and a parking garage.Archaeologists working in Manege Square uncovered the commercial life of eight centuries. By excavating five meters deep, archaeologists provided a picture of the evolution of commercial Moscow. Among the finds, wooden street pavement from the time ofIvan the Terrible (16th century), a wide cobblestone road from the era of Peter the Great (early 18th century), street paving from the reign of Catherine the Great (mid-to late 18th century), and a wealthy merchants estate (19th century) Smaller finds -----a belt and buckle, a gold chain shoes, locks, and a horse harness--provide rich details about the lives of Muscovites of the past. Now Moscow ,a city with more and more modern structures appearing all the time, remains ,largely distinguished by Byzantine cathedrals, 15th and 16th century stone buildings, and the elegant estates of the 18th and 19th centuries.46. What is the meaning of the word “chaotic” (Para, 2.Line1) in this passage?A. DisorderedB. UnformedC. PlanetaryD. Distant47. From the information in paragraph 2, we can infer that ________.A.the people of Moscow are more interested in modernization than inpreservationB.the Soviet government destroyed many old buildings in keepingwith an anti-czarist policy.C.there are very few 850-years-old cities in existence and fewer yetthat preserve their past.D.Moscow has a history of invasions, with each new conquerordestroying the buildings of the previous regime.48. New buildings flourished in Moscow to _________.A.bring back the old glory of the city\B.destroy the old buildingspare with the old buildingsD.represent progress.49. Which of the following assumptions most influenced the views expressed by the writer?A. Generally speaking, people are most interested in building newstructures than saving old oneB. Architectural history has little meaning to people struggling to forma new government.C. Progress and preservation are equally important principles of urbanplanning.D. Archaeologists and bureaucrats generally to not word well together.50. Which of the following is TRUE of archaeologists in Moscow?A. They have uncovered a great number of historically significantitems, both large and small.B. They operate under severe time constraints, as contractors wait tobegin new buildings.C. They are not nearly enough archaeological teams to conduct all thepossible research.D. They are concerned about preserving the artifacts of modes oftransportation in particular.参考答案解析Passage two【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是莫斯科建筑。
【真题】2015年上交外国语言学及应用语言学
更多最新考研咨询关注微信公众号 renrenkaoyan【真题】2015年上交外国语言学及应用语言学名词解释linguistic determinism the critical period hypothesis the semantic triangle face theory liasion middle voice allomorph polysemy code-switching discourse marker简答1。
read the following para and analyse the cohesive devices used in .you are supposed to explain the problem of coherence in the para.I bought a Ford………我没记错的话就是yale 上面的语篇分析里的…2.as we know, theories in linguistics can be roughly grouped into formalism and functionalism. please describe the similarities and differences between these approaches.3.explain the following conversation in terms of theCPA how did jim do in his history exam.B they asked him things that happened before the poor boy was born.4.please list the types of meaning of language. your own classification is highly encourged. although you may just use types of meaning proposed by famous linguists.5.explain in the following s from any branches that is familiar to you.（eg.cognitive linguistic applied~ functional ~ corpus ～）①your determination and efforts i appreciate very much②very much i appreciate your efforts and determination③i appreciate you determination and efforts very much作文。
上外语言学问答题整理.
上外语⾔学问答题整理.1.What are the main features of human language?A. arbitrariness: It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and soundsB. productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction andinterpretation of new signals by its users.C. duality: Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures. At the lower level there is astructure of sounds, which are meaningless by themselves. But they can be grouped andregrouped into a larger number of units of meaning, which are found at the higher level ofthe system. Then the units at the higher level can be arranged and rearranged into an infinitenumber of sentences.D. displacement: Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations ofthe speaker.E. cultural transmission: While human capacity fro language has a genetic basis, the details of anylanguage system have to be taught and learned.2.How are the English consonants classified? What are the phonemes in each category?English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of manner of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.a. Manner of articulation: stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, nasals, glides.b. Place of articulation: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottalc. Voicing:3.How are the English vowels classified? What are the phonemes in each category?A. According to the position of the tongue in the mouth: front, central, backB. According to openness of the mouth: close, semiclose, semiopen, openC. According to the shape of the lips: rounded, unrounded4.Explain with examples the sequential rule, the assimilation rule, and the deletion rule.1. Sequential rule refers to the rule that governs the combination of sounds in a particular language.For example, if a word begins with a [ l ] or a [ r ], then the next sound must be vowel.2. Assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme,thus making the two phones similar.For example, the [ i: ] sound in words like bean, green, team, and scream. This is because in all these sound combination the[ i: ] sound is followed by a nasal [ n ] or [ m ].3. Deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented.For example, in the pronunciation of the word sign, there is no [ g ] sound although it is represented in spelling by the letter g. while in its corresponding form signature, the [ g ] is pronounced. Because the deletion rule is at work: Delete a [ g ] when it occurs before a final nasal consonant.5.Explain with examples the main rules of word formation.1. Derivation (派⽣): new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation.“singer”from”sing”“writer”from”write”2. Compounding: stringing words together →“headstrong”, “without”3. Coinage: a new word can be coined outright to fit some purpose→”walkman”,” Kodak”4. Clipping: the abbreviation of longer words or phrases→expo—expositionQuake--earthquake5. Blending: combining parts of other words. →smog-smoke+fog; motel—motor+hotel6. Acronym: derive from the initials of several words. →IT—information technologyISBN—international standard book number7. Back-formation: new words can be coined already existing words by “subtracting” an affix thought tobe part of the old word. →to beg (derived from beggar);to baby-sit (derived from baby-sitter)8. Functional shift: words may shift from one part of speech to another without the addition of affixes.→N.-V. to bug; V.-N. a hold9. Borrowing: when different cultures come into contact, words are often borrowed from one languageto another.→exit, beer6.Draw the labeled tree diagrams of the two interpretations of the sentence The boy saw the man with a telescope.1) The boy saw the man with a telescope.Using the telescope, the boy saw the man.2) The boy saw the man with a telescope.The boy saw the man. The man had a telescope.7.Explain with examples the major sense relations from a lexical perspective.1. Synonymy (同义) refers to the sameness of close similarity of meaning.Eg. Dialectal synonyms: autumn—fallStylistic synonyms: dad—daddy2. Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning: accomlic? &collaboratorCollocational synonyms: accuse…of—charge withSemantically different synonyms: amaze—astound3. Polysemy(⼀词多义): The same one word may have more than one meaningTable: 1. a piece of furniture2. the food that is put on a table3. a level area, a plateau4. Homonymy(不同词，意义或拼写⼀样): words have different meanings have the same form. Different words are identical in sound or spelling.Homophones: red/read Homographs: lead/i:/ /e/ Complete homonyms5. Hyponymy: the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.Superordinate: flower. Hyponyms: rose Co-hyponymsAntonymy: word are opposite in meaningGradable antonyms: old—youngComplementary antonyms: alive—deadRelational opposites: teacher—pupil8.What are the four maxims of the CP in pragmatics? Explain with examples how flouting these maxims give rise to conversational implicature?1. The maxim of quantity1.make your contribution as informative as required.2.do not make your contribution more informative than is requiredeg. A: When is Susan’s farewell party?B: Sometime next month.The implicature that results is “I don’t wish to tell you when the party is going to be held”.2. The maxim of quality1.don’t say what you believe to be false2.don’t say that for which you lack adequate evidenceeg. A: Would you like to join us for the picnic on Sunday?B: I’m afraid I have got a class on Sunday.B’s implied message is “I don’t want to join you”.3. The maxim of relation: Be relevanteg. A: How did the math exam go today?B: We had a basketball match with the other class and we beat them.The implicature is “I don’t wish to talk about the math exam”.4. The maxim of manner1.avoid obscurity of expression2.avoid ambiguity3.be brief4.be orderlyeg. A: Shall we get something for the kids?B: Yes, but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.The implicature is “I don’t want the kids to know we’re talking about setting them some icecream.”。
上海外国语大学2011年英语语言与文学专业各方向复试题(修改稿)
上外英语专业研究生复试分为两个部分，笔试和口试。
笔试和口试均是分方向进行。
（以下都是研友的回忆版）第一部分：笔试题（满分100分，考试时间60分钟）1 笔译1990s开始的cultural turn见证了翻译学成为一个interdisciplinary subject，谈谈你所知道的和对此的理解。
（100分）2 口译A Why using the first person in interpretation?B Use Effort Model Theory to explain the process of interpreting.C What do you think of the aptitude test for interpretation trainee?D What do you think are the most important elements in assessing the quality of interpretation?E If you are admitted, what is your preferred area of research?3 语言学第一题（3*10’）名词解释部分 1. langue VS parole2 .phonetics VS phonology3.N.Chomsky VS M.A.K.Halliday第二题（10*3’=30’）概念性知识填空给首字母,不太难好像有synchronic study, acculturation, intonation etc.第三题（10*2’=20’）判断第四题（20’）给你一首诗，让说出types of language deviation,并指出其在诗中所起到的作用pity this busy monster, manunkind,not. Progress is a comfortable disease:your victim (death and life safely beyond)plays with the bigness of his littleness--- electrons deify one razorbladeinto a mountainrange; lenses extendunwish through curving wherewhen till unwishreturns on its unself.[A world of madeis not a world of born --- pity poor fleshand trees, poor stars and stones, but never thisfine specimen of hypermagicalultraomnipotence. We doctors knowa hopeless case if --- listen: there's a hellof a good universe next door; let's go]E. E. CummingsPS:（试卷上没有出现方括号之内的内容,都以省略号形式代替）附上网上对此诗的评论:Pity this busy monster,manunkind” is a poem that emphasizes Cummings's belief in nature and his opposition to those things—science, technology, and intellectual arrogance—that he believed attack the purity of nature. In the opening lines, Cummings makes it clear that man is un-kind—as opposed to being “mankind”—when he or she engages in “progress.” In this case, “Progress is a comfortable disease, one which uses electrons and lenses to “deify one razorblade/ into a mountainrange;lenses extend/ unwish through curving wherewhen till unwish/ returns on its unself.” For Cummings, progress contrasts with nature, as he suggests when he writes, “A world of made/ is not a world of born.”The speaker in this poem, as revealed in the last line, represents progress but suggests the promise of nature; “We doctors,” he or she says, “know a hopeless case.” Hopelessness is the human-made cycle of progress, scientific progress. There is a way out, however, as the speaker points out in the concluding lines of the poem: “listen:there's a hell/ of a good universe next door;let's go.” Unlike this universe, composed of negative Cummings-created words such as “unwish” and “unself,” the next-door universe consists of wishes and selves—that is, real emotions and real individuals. Those realities, for Cummings, are the true realities.希望对大家有用。