小学英语语法及练习题--名词

【要点精华】1. 定义名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。

2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词）a. 一般情况在名词后加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags /car-carsb. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licensesd. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es读/z/baby---babiese. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：1). 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；2). 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。

f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：1). 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs2). 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

3. 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。

但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，yuan等。

4. 名词所有格1）在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Where’s Lin Tao’s bike?林涛的自行车在哪？2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“’”，例如：teachers’office老师的办公室3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”，例如：those men’s hats 那些男士的帽子4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“’s”，例如：Jim’s and Kate’s glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”，例如：Jim and Kate’s kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，例如：Shall we go to Meimei’s for supper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭，好吗？7）没有生命的名词所有格用of，例如：This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张全家福。

【实战演练场】一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry二.写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch__________2.class__________3.shelf__________4.dog__________5.dish__________6.child__________7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________三.填入所给名词的适当形式1.We have three________(pen).2.This is an __________(apple).3.Where is the__________(pencil)?4.There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice).5.Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am.6.There are a few __________(watch)on the desk.7.Many__________(shelf)are in our school library.8.He has some__________(ink).9.The__________(girl)in red is Mary.10.How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three.四.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks1.pencil2.banana3.coat4.wolf5.school building五.选择题( )1.There is __________on the table.A.PlateB.a plateC.plates( )2.I can see many __________in the garden.A.flowersB.a flowerC.flowers( )3.The_____on the hills are all white.A.sheepB.sheepsC.doG( )4.These new_____are for you.A.skirtB.shoeC.shirts( )5.The clock has three______A.legsB.legC.faces( )6.They are not in the same_______.A.classB.classesC.familys( )7.Is this your_____?A.a keyB.keysC.key( )8.They are having_____.A.a classB.English classC.Chinese class ( )9.There are so many _____in the hall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.a people( )10.The_____has some nice pictures.A.boysB.teachersC.child( )11.The_____are dancing at the party.A.womanB.womenC.man( )12.The _____are in Room408.A.studentB.a studentC.students( )13.Who’s that_____? She’s my mother.A.manB.womanC.women( )14.The_____are catching the thief.A.policemanB.policemenC.policemans ( )15.There are new _____in my schoolbag.A.knifeB.knifesC.knives( )16._____jacket is it? May be it’s_____.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’sC.Whose;Tom’s ( )17.The books are the_____.A.teachers’B.teachersC.teacher( )18.There are a lot of children in the park on_____Day.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’( )19.Is it the twins’ bedroom? Yes,it is. It’s_____bedroom.A.Ann and Anna’sB.Ann’s and Anna’sC.Ann and Anna( )20.That is _____dog. A.Tom’s B.Toms C.Tom( )21._____coats are very pretty.A.Jim and Tim’sB.Jim’s and Tim’sC.Jim and Tim( )22.They are going to their_____home for dinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle’s( )23.The big room is_____.A.the twin’sB.twins’C.the twins’( )24.March 8th is_____.A.Woman’s DayB.Womans’ DayC.Women’s Day六.根据英语解释以及首字母写单词es after afternoon e_________2. a small bag with money in it w________3.the hottest season s_________4.the first day of the working week M_______5.the first month of a year J__________6. a room for sleeping b__________7.your uncle’s son or daughter c_________8.the sister of your father or mother a_________9.the month after July A__________10.making you very afraid; very bad t__________七.英汉互译1.一位美国医生____________2.许多绵羊___________3.不同的季节____________4.一杯牛奶_____________5.凯特的家庭照__________6.my uncle’s friend___________7.her cat’s name____________ 8.the doors of the classroom_______9.the twins’ mother_________ 10.Lucy and Kate’s bedroom_______八.根据中文完成句子1.When you have a headache, you should stay in bed and takesome__________(药).2.My hobby is collecting___________(邮票).3.Many___________(孩子)like watching cartoon(卡通片).4.Every morning we should brush__________(牙齿).5.We must clean our__________(教师)after school.6.May I have another__________(一瓶橘汁).7.I like __________(这条连衣裙的颜色).8.____________________(汤姆和安的手套)are the same.9.There are many__________(狼)in the forest.10.__________(西红柿)is my favourite vegetable.九.阅读理解Look at the picture on the wall. It’s a picture of Mr. Green’s family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr. Green’s father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeff’s parents love them all very much.( )1.The old man is Lucy and Lily’s__________.A.fatherB.cousinC.uncleD.grandfather( )2.The Greens have two__________.A.brothersB.sistersC.sonsD.daughters( )3.Lucy has__________.A.a friendB.a sisterC.a brotherD.two sisters( )4.Jeff’s father is Lucy and Lily’s__________.A.UncleB.fatherC.brotherD.grandfather( )5.Lily’s mother is a __________.A.doctorB.workerC.teacherD.father十.情景英语选择正确的句子完成对话Hello, Wang Mei! _1_ . Sure! How can I help you?I want to move the desk, but it’s too heavy._2_I want to put it in the next room. OK, _3_Oh, it’s so heavy,_4_No,it’s full of books.I see. Why don’t you take out the books? _5_1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5._________A.That’s a good idea!B.Goodbye!C.Where do you want to put it?D.Is it empty?E.Shall we go?F.How are you?G.Could you help me, please?十一.将下列短语改写成用“s”来表示所有关系的短语1.a walk of half an hour _____________________2.the bikes of Helen and Jane___________________3.the ships of the children______________________4.the sister of John____________________________5.at the shop of uncle John_____________________6.the room of Helen and John___________________十二.把下列短语译成汉语1.a piece of bread___________2.a box of apples____________3.a pair of trousers__________4.a bottle of orange juice________5.a cup of tea_________6.a glass of water__________7.a piece of news_________ 8.seven boxes of apples________十三. 名词所有格练习.1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书).3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _____________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.。