最终版2016届本科生毕业设计格式要求 (1)

Analysis on Eco-translation of Tourism Publicity Materials —withthe Materials about the Scenic Spots of theMountHuang as an ExampleBy: Gu BinA Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of FundamentalEducationinPartial Fulfillment ofthe Requirementsfor Bachelor’s DegreeUnder the Supervision of:Zhang YinyinAnhui Polytechnic University, Mechanical & Electrical CollegeMay, 2016空一行Acknowledgements空一行Firstly, for this thesis, my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to my supervisor Zhang Yinyin, who took time from her busy schedule and offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of the thesis, she has spent much time in helping me choose an appropriate topic and write a thesis proposal. Without her illuminating suggestions and careful revisions, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Secondly, I would like to avail this opportunity to thank all my teachers and professors in College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, who have ever taught me during my 4-year undergraduate studies which benefit me a lot.Thirdly, I also owe my sincere gratitude to my dear friends and my fellow classmates who have ever helped me to pull through all the difficulties I have encountered during the last four years, making my college life colorful and meaningful.At last, my thanks would go to my beloved family, especially my parents, for their love and great care for me all these years.空一行Abstract空一行Eco-translation theory is a comprehensive study on the interaction of translator and the translational eco-environment. According to the eco-translation theory, translation can be defined as “translator’s adaption and selection to the eco-environment of translation”. This paper will talk about the adaption and selection from the three dimensions. Language dimension, culture dimension and communicative dimension — with the tourism publicity materials of Mount Huang as an example.Based on the “three dimensions” transformation of the eco-translation theory, the paper aims to prove the advantages of the eco-translation theory by analyzing the translation of the tourism publicity materials of the scenic spots of the Mountain Huang by finding mistakes as well as pointing out reasons for them. By analysis and comparison, it is found that the errors and the causes of translation are as follows: First, some errors are caused by translators because of their inattention and carelessness. Second, there are still efficiencies for their grammar and the ability of using language. Third, due to the cultural differences between China and English-speaking countries, therefore, the translation of the tourism publicity materials can cause misunderstanding to the meaning and intension of the original text. The study in this thesis proves the theory is quite scientific and practical. The thesis further proves that the eco-translation is a scientific and practical theory in translating. Particularly, by further study, translators can better understand the eco-translation theory and use the theory to guide the translation, therefore, the translator that use translation theory can clearly express the intension of the original context so that it can accelerate the economic development.空一行Keywords:Eco-translation Theory; Mount Huang; Tourism Publicity Materials;Language Dimension; Cultural Dimension; CommunicativeDimension空一行摘要空一行生态翻译学是关于译者与翻译生态环境互动的整体性研究，根据翻译学理论，翻译可以被定义为“译者对生态翻译环境的适应选择”。

本文以黄山风景区为例对黄山风景区宣传资料从语言维、文化维、交际维进行适应性转换…基于生态翻译的三维理论转换，本文旨在通过找出旅游宣传资料翻译的错误之处并分析造成错误的原因。

通过对比分析之后，作者发现造成翻译错误的原因有以下几点：第一是由于译者的粗心而造成翻译的错误。

第二，对语法知识和语言表达能力的欠缺。

第三，由于中西方文化差异，因此旅游宣传资料的翻译对原文的意思和意图造成误解。

通过分析之后可以证明生态翻译理论是科学和实用的理论，尤其是通过进一步研究之后译者可以更好地了解生态翻译理论并运用此理论指导翻译。

因此，运用生态翻译理论可以清晰地表达原文的意图以促进经济发展。

关键词：生态翻译学理论；黄山；旅游宣传资料；语言维；文化维；交际维空一行Table of Contents空一行Acknowledgements (i)Abstract ......................................................................................................................... i i 摘要 .............................................................................................................................. i ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ i vI. Introduction (1)1.1 General Background (1)1.2 The Significances and Necessities of the Research (1)1.3 Objectives of the Study (2)1.4 Layout of the Thesis (2)II. Research Methodology (4)2.1 Literature Study (4)2.2 Descriptive Analysis (5)III. Analysis on the Three-Dimensions of Tourism Publicity Materials (6)3.1 Adaptive Selections in Language Dimension (6)3.2 Adaptive Selections in Cultural Dimension (7)3.3 Adaptive Selections in Communicative Dimension (9)IV. Conclusion (11)4.1 Summary (12)4.2 Limitations of the Study (12)Bibliography (13)I. IntroductionWith the development of economy, tourism has become the major industries of China. People who come from different countries know each other, sometimes, by tourism. Therefore, tourism sometimes can be called a bridge by which people who come from one country can know those from another. In this thesis, we’ll talk about translation from a new perspective, which is called eco-translation. In this part, the background information of the thesis will be presented and there will be a general review of the relevant studies in recent years. Meanwhile, purposes and significances of the writing will also be briefly introduced below.1.1 General BackgroundWith the acceleration of the opening-up here in China, more and more foreigntourists come to China for a visit. As a way of introduction and publicity, the English version of the materials written about scenic spots now seem to play an increasingly important role in the development of tourism and even the cultural exchange with the outside world. To study the translation of this type of materials under the guidance of ecology is drawing more and more attention from scholars and researchers.1.2 The Significances and Necessities of the ResearchWith the development of the economy, tourism industry has no doubt become the major industry. What’s more, people know the scenic spots mainly by tourism publicity materials, but in recent years, because of the different reasons, the quality of the translation is unsatisfactory; therefore, a proper theory which is used to guide the translation is of much necessity. The research has the following significance. Firstly, it gives a brief introduction about Eco-translation theory and makes people know thenew translation theory. Secondly, it aims to offer a new perspective for translation especially for the Mount Huang tourism publicity materials. Thirdly, Eco-translation theory provides a new translation theory for tourism materials, and it aims to give a proper way of translation, therefore people can have a better understanding to the translation, from language dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension especially for the foreign friends. By doing this, people can know Chinese history and so as to know Chinese culture and China can realize its strategy of “tourism-oriented province”. All in all, this thesis aims to help people know this new theory from a new perspective, and use this new theory to guide the translation for achieving a better translation results.By reading a lot of literature, the author has found that eco-translation has been used in lots of translation areas such as the tourism materials and the scenic spots, and because of the scientific theory; however, it has little usage of eco-translation on the Mount Huang tourism publicity materials. Therefore, it is necessary to research the eco-translation especiallyfrom the aspect of the tourism publicity materials. This thesis focuses on the eco-translation theory on the tourism publicity materials of Mount Huang.1.3 Objectives of the StudyThis thesis talks about the translation of tourism materials, taking Mount Huang as an example, by using the eco-translation theory from the three dimensions(language dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension), and analyzes the original translation and the translation version under the theory. The primary aim of the thesis is to find possible mistakes, analyze the reason why these mistakes exist in the translation and work out solutions to these problems so that the advantages of the eco- translation theory can be further proved efficient.1.4 Layout of the ThesisThe thesis is composed of 4 parts. Part 1 gives a brief introduction to the generalbackground, significances and necessity of the research, objectives of the study as well as the layout of the thesis. Part 2 enumerates the methodology of the research: Literature studyand descriptive analysis. Part3 mainly concentrates on the analysis of the tourism publicity materials of the eco-translation from three dimensions. In part4, a summary of the research results and implications are offered. Additionally, limitations of the study are provided in hope of enhancing future studies in the field.II. Research Methodology2.1 Literature StudyIn the past half century, the translation studies have experienced the shift of focus among linguistics, sociology, de-constructivism, teleology and other theories. The interdisciplinary studies promote the dynamic development of translation. Recently, with the interaction of the natural science and the social science, the study of translation from the perspective of ecology has come into being.In abroad, Peter Newmark was the first to use the concept of “eco-translatology”in Textbook of Translation in 1988, proposing that the process of translation is characterized by ecology. Warren, R, another scholar in the field said,“Translation is a kind of cognitive and survival pattern”(Warren, R, 1989). In his opinion, translations can survive and develop only by adapting themselves to the new ecological environment. In 1999, David Katan further defined the ecological environment as including physical environment, political environment, climate, space, casual scenario and so on. The studies of these scholars have laid a solid foundation for the interdisciplinary study of ecology and translation, opening up a new area of translation studies.At home, eco-translation theory is a new branch of science that combines the ecology with translation and it was put forward by professor, Hu Gengshen in 2004. The Eco-translation scholars have defined the translation as a selection activity in which the translators have adaption to the eco-translational environment. This theory puts stress on adaption and selection during the translation process, which means that translators must first adapt to the translational eco-environment of the source text and make a proper choice to create the target text. The translational eco-translational environment is the entirety, which includes language communication, culture, society, the author and the reader. The translator’s adaption and selection theory emphasize thetranslators as the core position because translation is the translator’s judgment to the author of his society and value. Eco-translation has provided translation with method of “three dimension transformation”—“the adaption and selection transformation of language dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension”(胡庚申, 2008). Language dimension requires thetranslatorsto know the two language forms, characteristicsof the words and be able to make adaptions and selections. Cultural dimension concentrates on the expression and the transmission of the cultural connotationsof the two languages, for any language is the representative of its culture. As for communicative dimension, it pays more attention to the question whether the communicative purpose of the original language can be presented in the target language or not. Therefore, when translators are doing the translation work, they should know the purpose of the original context and make an adaption and selection to it, so that the intention and purpose of the original context can be achieved.To sum up, with the gradual evolvement of the theory, it will provide more guidance for translation activities.2.2 Descriptive AnalysisThe way has been implemented to study theeco-translation of the tourism material about scenic spots by means of descriptive analysisto find the common mistakes of the tourist public materials. The thesis intends tofind the reasons that cause these problems and analyze their bad influences on the tourist industry, and then find a reasonable method to solve these problems so that good quality of the translation can be achieved.By Introducing and analyzing Eco-translation theory from the language dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension systematically and comprehensively, the author points out the reasons why the theory is used to guide the translation of the tourist publicity materials, and prove that the eco-translation theory is a scientific way of translation.III. Analysis on the Three-dimensions of TourismPublicity MaterialsIn this part, the three dimensions of the eco-translation theory will be analyzed respectively and some examples will be listed mainly to analyze the errors and the causes of translation of tourism publicity materials and find out the solutions to these problems.3.1 Adaptive Selections in Language DimensionFirstly, effective translation requires translators to be familiar with the two language systems. The adaption and selection of transformation is reflected in language forms. When translators do the translation works, especially the scenic spots, they are firstly faced with the transformation from Chinese to English on the linguistic aspects and the need to express its connotative meaning. By comparison, Chinese and English have different communicative habits in the characteristic of words. Research shows that in English people often use nouns, adjectives, propositions while in Chinese, the verbs, adverbs and verb phrases are often used. Chinese often use the euphuism, clauses and active sentences. While English concentrates on the harmony of its meaning, subordinate clauses, and passive voice. Verbs that are used in Chinese sometimes should be transferred as the nouns that are used in English. Therefore, translators should make adaption and selection in terms of the source text. Do the transformation of the language transformation and make the translations more suitable for the language features of the readers, so as to make the readers understand the basic information of the text accurately. ”For different text types, the translator should adopt different translation methods to attempt to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.”(PeterNewmark,1998) In order to make the translation successful, translators should consider the ecological environment of the south text, make a suitable choice of words, have a suitabletransformation of the language form, and avoid the spelling and grammar mistakes, inappropriate choice of words and translation which do not meet the standards of tourism publicity materials.For example: There is a sentence “理想的度假胜地”in the tourism material and it is translated as the “a ideal holiday resort” in English.Analysis: Obviously, it is a small grammar mistake from the aspect of language dimension of Eco-translation. Although it will not influence the understanding of the tourism publicity material, it will spoil the image of the scenic spots. The sentence can be translated as “an ideal holiday resort”. “The language forms of the translation follow the conventional expressions of the English.”(Reiss,2004:31) Actually, it is a very small mistake that maybe caused by the author because of his carelessness. Such mistakes can be totally avoided. Therefore, when translators do the translation works, they should first notice the spelling and grammar mistakes. When the author does the translation work, they can use the new theory to guide their translation from the perspective of language dimension of Eco-translation. What’s more, translators should constantly strengthen their English and Chinese language skills, understanding the source content correctly and appropriately.When doing translation work, translators often use the words too literally. For example,“小心碰头”is translated as “Attention to your head.”Analysis: Obviously, the mistake is caused by the reason that the translator does not consider the differences between English and Chinese in the adaption and selection in language dimension. Therefore, according to the language differences between Chinese and English and the eco-translation theory, the translation can be translated as “Mind your head.”3.2Adaptive Selections in Cultural DimensionDifferent countries have different cultures which will be reflected in language.Generally speaking, culture can be reflected in many ways, such as the way of thinking, customs, history, and lifestyle. Cultural dimension from the adaption and selection transformation mentions that the translators must notice the differences of its essence and contents in the culture of the source language and the target language and to avoid mistranslating when doing translation works. “When translators are transforming the source language, they should consider the whole cultural system which language belongs to.”(胡庚申, 2008)1. Example:“黄山”is sometimes translated as “Yellow mountain”, and this will cause misunderstanding to people who do not know Chinese culture. People, especially foreigners, may do not know Chinese history and they may think that the color of the mountain is yellow.Analysis: In fact, it doesn’t matter with color. Originally, it was called Yi （黟）Mountain because in Chinese Yi is the same as the color of black.According to legend, Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation had gathered medical herbs here, made pills of immortality, bathed in hot spring and finally attained the Tao and become an immortal. EmperorTang Li Longji believedin this legend, so he changed the name from Yi Mountain to Huangshan Mountain in the sixth year of Tianbao i.e. 747 A.D. and it had been used this day. Therefore, when doing translation work it is necessary to find a proper way of translation or present its history and culture.2.Example:A Chinese sentence“不到松谷庵，回家心不甘”in the tourism public materials is translated as “It’s just a waste of time if you don’t get to the Songgu Temple ”.Analysis: By analyzing the original text, we find that it expresses a kind of regret instead of the waste of time. Obviously, the two sentences are totally unrelated. According to the cultural dimension of the Eco-translation, the Chinese sentence can be translated as “What a pity, if you don’t get to Songgu Temple.”Why does this happen? That maybe because the translators do not understand the meaning of the original text, which goes against the cultural transmission.Therefore, before doing the translation works, they should make a comprehensive understanding of the original text and make an appropriate translation accordingly by using the Eco-translation to guide the translation.3.3 Adaptive Selections in Communicative Dimension“The transformation in communicative dimension urges translator focuses on the transformation of language information and transmitting of cultural connotation as well as putting the emphasis of adaptive selection transformation on communicative dimension, which means translators should consider whether communicative intension is reflec ted in translation text.”(胡庚申, 2008) It is obviously that the purpose of the translation of tourism material is to advertise especially to provide a convenient channel to help the foreigners know the scenic spots. In other words, it helps people know the history of the scenic spots and the Chinese culture. It is worth mentioning that the communicative purpose should be presented when translators do the translation works. The translator should take source language environment and target language environment intoconsideration and make some changes for the purpose of communication. That is to say, apart from the process of language transformation and cultural connotation, the translators should lay stress on the adaptive selection in communicative dimension. “According to Nida Eugene, translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closets natural equivalent of the source language message, first in the terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”(Nida,2001:86,91)1. Example: One of the scenic spots of Mount Huang“丹霞峰”is often translated as “Danxia Peak”, which will make the foreigners feel puzzled, therefore it will go against the communicative purpose.Analysis: “丹霞峰”is famous for its flaming red that is boiled off by sunlight when the sun sets in the west. Therefore, it will be better for understanding when it is translated as “Reddening-clouds Peak”. The reason for this phenomenon is that the translator does not consider the eco-environment of the original text and just transliterate the words from Chinese to English. Therefore, when doing translation work, the translator should not only consider its literal meaning but also its connotative meaning for the purpose of communication. According to the research of the new theory of Eco-translation from the perspective of communicative dimension,such mistakes can mostly be avoided.2. Example: Another example is the Chinese word “迎客松”,which is often translated as “ The Greeting pines”.Analysis: It seems right at first sight, but when considering it from Eco-translation; we will find that pine in Chinese have a lot of characteristics, for example, tenacity, nobleness, longevity and grittiness. Guest Greeting Pine, east of the jade screen peak, was burn out of the stone and lived for over a millennium, with vigorous attitude, and branches flattened as a cover. Its lateral branches stretch out in the sky, like spreading arms to great guests. Therefore, it is often used by Chinese people to show its hospitality. But in English “pine”also has the same meaning as“sorrow”, so it is not enough to just translate the “迎客松”as the “Greeting pines”. According to the adaption and selection of communicative dimension,“迎客松”should be translated into English as “Guest Greeting Pine”. Therefore, translators should consider the whole text for specific purposes of communication.3. It is the introduction about the tourism public materials of Mount Huang. The English version is as follows. “Mt. Huang, known as the famous mountain of China, is acclaimed through art and literature during a good part of Chinese history. Today it holds the same fascination for visitors, poets, painters and photographers who come on pilgrimage to the site, which is renowned for its significant scenery made up of many granite peaks and rocks emerging out of a clouds”. By analysis we can find that the translation possesses the style of Chinglish. It doesn’t mention any descriptions about the unique scenery; instead it talks about the history of Mount Huang, which will mislead people, especially the foreign friends who do not know Chinese culture. Therefore, it is not good for the transmission of Chinese culture and the purpose of communication. Considering the communicative dimension of Eco-translation, the whole translation may be translated as follows “Mount Huang, known as the loveliest mountain of China, is renowned for its special scenery made up of many granite peaks and rocks emerging out of a sea of clouds. It has five wonders: The pine Greeting Guest, Grotesque Rocks, a Sea of Cloud, Hot Springs, Winter Snow-covered landscape and its vantage points to watch the sunrise as well, you are sure to befascinated by its ever changing nature beauty in a single day as well as in succession of four seasons.”By analyzing the three dimensions of the eco-translation on the tourism publicity materials of Mount Huang, when doing translation work, “the translator should play the present initiative dynamic role and have a whole consideration to these dimensions, including the intentions of the travel operator, the culture -specific and the features of the south language, the cultural background of the tourists of the target language, the perceive level, the expectations of the tourism.”(郭英珍, 2012)IV. Conclusion4.1 SummaryIn this thesis, some errors and the causes of the tourism publicity materials of Mount Huang are analyzed within the three dimensions of eco-translation theory. The adaption and selection of language dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension of eco-translation are analyzed respectively. After the analysis and comparison, it is found that the eco-translation theory can better fit for the translation principle and it is a scientific way of translation. Therefore, the eco-translation theory is meaningful and should be used to guide the translation of the tourism publicity materials.4.2 Limitations of the StudyThis paper also has some limitations and deficiencies:Firstly, because of the limited time and energy, the paper merely takes the most typical translation as examples of translations to analyze and leaves other kinds untouched. As a result, those analyses about translators’adaption and section to multi-dimension are limited.Secondly, because of the limited ability, the study of the Eco-translation may be more or less defective in the depth and width so the relative references in this paper may be also limited and defective.Lastly, the adaption and selection of the author can not only be realized in only one of three dimensions, it can be achieved by multi-dimension. Therefore, this paper still has much room for improvement.Bibliography[1] Katan, D. Translating Culture [M]. Manchester: St. Jerom Publishing, 1999:168-171.[2] Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation [M]. London／Toronto／Sydney:Prentice—Hall, 1988.[3] Nida Eugene. Language and Culture, Contexts in Translation [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.[4] Reiss Katharina. Translation Criticism: The Potentials & Limitations[M].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.[5] Warren, R. 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