【精品讲义】小升初英语专题讲解十 介词

【精品讲义】第十讲介词介词用来表示名词、代词之间的关系。

介词通常放在名词或代词前, 构成介词短语。

1、表示时间的介词1) at①用于时刻, 钟点前。

at noon 在中午at night 在夜晚I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。

②用于固定搭配。

at once 立刻、马上at the same time 同时 not at all 一点也不at noon 在中午at night 在夜晚at the age of在……岁时at the end of在……结束时at last最后at first=first of all起初, 首先2）on①用于星期前, 用于具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前, 也可用在公共节假日前。

on Monday/Tuesday.... on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早上on Teachers’ Day on Se ptember 1st②用于某些固定搭配： on duty 值日 on time 准时3) in①用在世纪、年代、月份、四季前。

in 1840 in the 21st century在21世纪in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春夏秋冬in January in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上2、表示地点的介词at 表示在某一具体地点at home在家at school在学校at the bus stop在公交车站on 具体到街道on Longshou Street on the left/right 在左边/右边in 大地点in China in Beijing2.表位置的介词(1). in在……里面(2). on在……上面(3). under在……下面/正下方(4).behind在……之后There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车.(5).next to在……旁边, 紧挨着…(6).near在……附近My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。

(7).beside 在……旁(8). in front of在……（外部的）前面(9). in the front of在……（内部的）前面辨析：in front of 与in the front ofin front of 外部的前面in the front of内部的前面E.g. The teacher is in front of the classroom. The teacher is in the front of the classroom.He is in front of the car. He is in the front of the car.(10). between..and…在…..和…..之间between:在两者之间 The school is between the bank and bookstore.among:在三者或者更多的之中There are some American students among us .辨析：➢on the wall与in the wall（在墙上）图画、黑板、风筝等“在墙上”, 是因为它们在墙的表面, 用on the wall。

门窗、钉子、洞、孔等“在墙上”, 是因为它们在墙的里面, 用in the wall。

➢on the tree 与in the treeon the tree The monkeys are in the tree.in the tree The apples are on the tree.扩展--句型练习Where is the computer? It’s on the desk.3、其他介词1) 表示“用”时,by+交通工具,in+语言What’s this in English?扩展：句型练习How do you go to school?How引导的特殊疑问句, 用以询问交通方式, 表示交通工具的短语❖take a/the +交通工具, 动词短语作谓语。

take a bus/subway/taxi/trainwalk / ride a bikeI take a bus to school.❖by+交通工具, 或on/in +限定词(the\my等)+交通工具, 介词短语作状语。

I go to school by bus.2) for的常见用法①②表示理由或者原因, “因为, 由于” Thanks for helping me carry the box.③④表示时间, 意为“计、达到”for+一段时间I live here for ten years.⑤表示去向、目的, 意为“向、往、买”You can buy this sweater for ten dollars.It’s time for school.⑥表示所属关系或者用途, 为了……3) with①和, 写： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？②表示伴随状态, 带有Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？4) about①表示大约时间： It's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。

②关于, 对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。

5) after①在……之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。

②在……后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。

6) of①的（表示所属关系）：This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。

②……的（用于所有格） He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。

③表示数量（与连词连用）One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京④用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然 because of 因为, 由于7) over①在……正上方： There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。

②遍及, 穿过： There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。

③超过, 不止： She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。

8) to①到, 往, 向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。

②表示时间、数量, 到……为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.③向, 对, 给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。

4、介词辨析along ,across ,through①along:沿着Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing .②across:横过(平面物体)③through:贯通, 通过The students walked through the gate5、介词的固定搭配✧arrive at/in✧help sb. with sth.✧ask for✧at the moment✧laugh at✧at present✧learn from✧at work✧look after✧at the same time✧look for✧worry about✧listen to✧on holiday✧look at✧on time✧wait for✧on the radio✧on sale✧on TV✧on the phone✧on the way to✧be interested in✧be good at✧be good for✧be good with✧in class✧be late for✧in the end✧in bed✧in danger✧at least介词练习( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. A. on at B. in in C. in at( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among( )4.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in( )5.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to( )6.How about ___ the flowers now? A. watering B. are watering C. watered( )7.She spent all his money ___ books. A. in B. with C. on( )8.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning? A. with B. for C. by( )9.A plane is flying ____ the city. A. on B. over C. above( )10.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday. A. to B. on C. till( )11.It’s wrong to play jokes ___ other people. A. on B. of C. with( )12.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle. A. in B. for C. on( )13.There is a small river ___ the two towns. A. in B. between C. among( )14.Are you going to the zoo ___ bus or ___ my car? A. on by B. by in C. on in( )15. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______the morning.A. on; inB. at; inC. at; onD. in; on( )16. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.A. in; toB. to; toC. to; inD. in; in( )17.There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the tree is picking anapple.A. in onB. on inC. in at二、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。