自考英语二(0015)试卷word精排版培训课件
成人自考英语二(0015)
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WilliamsBehavioral Medicine Research Center Duke University medical Center KnoxvilleRichard driscollDeffenbacher4Bassertivelyconverselyattentiveanalyzecontentassessdistractassertivenessorientatesuperiorclientcustomerpersonalparticipantpreviouslyobjectiverefreshmentchitchatbeliefattitudepolefusebrigadeescalateaggressiveoutbursttendencyparamountplummetinadequatecopeblockthreatenbadmintoncourttakeoverbookviewlatterdisclosure4bcope withfollow uprefreshment break4BPickstaff Leisure Center Bratford5Adensetangibletensegropeimmeasurablecontrastvaguelychildishimitation uncomprehendingpinmugpersistimpatientdashfitsentimentwell-housespoutstreamgushstillthrillfragmentlong5Aat seagrope one's wayto and frobe about to dopersist indix…onset free5AAnne Mansfield Sullivan 5Bstoutbaldfastendeclaration independencepracticalinsurancepersuadepavefireplaceironworkerpotbelliedstovepatentenablelearned electricity lightning thunderstorm coaxstringrodlightning rod 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exhaustingcampusdrainhesitatecreditfeasibleadecstatic incredible costlyethicmoldcraftmiracle13Bon one's own in despair stick outroll income income one's way as wellas long asfix up13BAnkenyIowaWausau Wisconsin DennyIsrael Colorado14Aawardagony dedication commensurate acclaim pinnacle anguishtravail sustained baseverity ephemeral doomedlustscarglandrelearn decline immortalclangtidelesspuny inexhaustible prevail enduranceproppillar14Ain trustblow upas thoughin conflict with 14Bfrontiercaptivetagmottohazardconquerhorizon assemblyperilframework securitysuccorappeal uncharted unsolved unconquered ignorance prejudice unanswered surplus mediocritylullrhetoric innovation scriptural dismay complacency vigorously assurance subsidyplatform conceivebreath alternative14Bbe determined to on the edge of sum uphold outlook to14BJohn Kennedy Woodrow Wilson Franklin Roosevelt David Lloyd George The Kremlin15Aresumeimage professionalism moralsphysicallylikablecredible consciousnessself-esteem competent authoritative annualinfluential nonverbalinitiateangledesperate applicant dependableremarkcoachapologetic tentativemeekimplorenarcissism15Acare aboutdrop bybe bound to do remark on15ABay StaterBostonAlbert MehrabianMarian WoodallNorma Carr-Ruffino Christopher Lasch15Btelemarketingagitationcollaborationtacticprofitassistintegratedvicememorecountdailydisrespectfulgratefulhesitation15Bdo one's untmostgo onmake a differencetake ···into account get in the way15Bex-MarineVietnamhow difficult is English？n 热烈，热情，热诚adj 私人的，个人的n 家庭教师，（英国李的里的）导师vt&vi 牺牲，献出 n 牺牲，牺牲品n 决心，决定n 总数，总量 vi 合计，等于vt&n 掌握adv 毫无疑问地，十分肯定地adj 难理解的，晦涩的vt 使烦恼，打扰vt 向···讲话；写信给···；称呼n 概念，观念n 隐私n 标记，象征，符号adj 好客的，热情的adv 随即，事先毫无准备地adv 当时，同时vt&vi （使）镇静，（使）震动 n 震惊，震动n 听着，受话者n 渴望，热望vt 提出，养育n 词汇；词汇量；词汇表n 记忆adv 机械地，将死地adj 破坏的adj 低效的，效率低的adj 拼音文字的n 接触，联络 vt&vi （使）接触，（与···）联系vt 迷住，强烈地吸引住vt 使人丧失信心，使人沮丧adj 东方的n 对抗，冲突n 混乱n 性别vt&n 提及，提到n 容忍，宽容n 目标，目的n&vt 掌握，把握vt 克服n 妨碍物，障碍n 流利adv 完全地，整体地Learning a Languagen 语言学家n 环境n 过程，进程n 心理学家，心里学者n 成人n 用法vt 是暴露n 方法vi 交流，交际从事于，致力于生来具有一起，一道以同样的方法又，还，也反反复复创造，编造拾起，拣起，学会，（不经意间）得到caught between two culturesn 女售货员n 几个，一对vi 看一下，瞥一眼adj 不舒服的，不自在的vi 举止vi 保持n 愿望vt 采用adj 在远处的，疏远的n 外人，局外人，门外汉n 口音，腔调n 特征，特色vt 标明，标记vi 属于，附属向···表示敬意，祝贺关于,至于缩短culture shock -the initial stresses adj 开始的,最初的vt&vi 向人求教,查阅adj 典型的,代表性的adj 预期的,期望的adj 确信的,自信的n 描述,介绍,发言n 相互作用,干扰n 暗示n 同事n 牛排adj 次要的,较不重要的n 握手n 影响,作用,冲击 vt 撞击,对…发生影响vi 发生vt 创造,社稷 n 硬币adj 开创性的,有重大影响的n 调节,调整adj 职业的,与职业有关的vt&vi 迁移,迁徒,移植n 双关语vt 暗示,含有…的意思n 症状vi 成功n 环境,背影n 感觉,知觉adj 口语的,会话的adj 急躁的,易怒的adj 脾气暴躁的n 流浪者vt 压倒,击溃,使不安vt 是过量,超载adv 茫然地,空虚地adj 不熟悉某种特定情况的,缺乏某种知识和经验的n 置换,移植,措置vt 是适应,是配合n 磨难,考验,试验adj 辛苦的,使人恼怒的,难忍的成功地做某事错过机会；遗漏；略去觉察到，意识到拆毁，拆除n 西雅图（美国华盛顿州西部港口城市）adj 瑞典的，瑞典人的，瑞典语的 n （总称）瑞典人，瑞典语Booksvt 获得，学到adj 一致的，调和的，坚固的adj 有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的vt&vi 浸，（此处）浏览vt&vi 前进，提前n 沙漠 vt放弃，遗弃，逃跑n 令人讨厌的人，怒潮 vt使厌烦n 可用，可用的东西adj 好奇的，求知的，古怪的，爱挑剔的adj 过于严厉的，过于严格的n 要求，原则，纪律，学科n 神圣的，神的，宗教的，庄严的n 教育vi 显现，浮现，暴露，形成adj 坦率的，虚心的n 暴力，暴行，猛烈，强烈n 无政府状态，政府混乱n 憎恨，敌意，仇恨adv 理想的，在观念上地，完美地浏览，翻阅，稍加研究有时，不时把···看做是，以为···是使某人走上···道路谋生，以···为生以···名义，代表···采取某种立场，决定态度与其···不如···确保，注意做到The History of booksn 铅，导线，石墨n 上等犊皮纸，皮纸文书，牛皮纸 adj 犊皮纸的adj 独立自主的，不受约束的adj 精心制作的，详细阐述的，精细的adj 装饰性的，装饰的，装饰用的vt 单一化，简单化adj 适合的adj 粗糙的，粗鲁的adj 细致的，小心翼翼的n 小册子n 雕刻术，雕版，掉版图n 脚后跟，跟部n 手动操作印刷机n 莱诺整体铸造机n 封面，装订线四处搬动很多的紧跟在…之后n 约翰内斯·古腾堡n 弗罗伦萨（意大利都市名）n 里昂（法国城市）don't Let Anger Get the Best of Youn 面谈，接见，会谈n 爬行vt.& vi.推动，拉动n.小车，手推车adj.特快的，快速的n.（超市等的）付款台n.设计，计划，事业n.普级，提升n.敌视，敌意；战争，战斗n.危险，风险adj.免除的，安全的n.配偶，夫，妻n.荷尔蒙n.免疫力，抵抗力adj.行为的n.积蓄，储蓄n.商数，商vt.不公平的对待n.不便，麻烦，困难，不便或困难之处n.侮辱，凌辱vt.避免，回避n.垃圾vt.& vi.扑动，无规律地跳vt.& vi.应受…之优待n.犯规，违法vt.释放，免除adj.烦恼的，狼狈的vt. Vi.闪避，躲闪n.遗传学，发生学n.儿童期的训练和教育获胜，得益（口语）事业上获得成功呼吸，喘口气，歇歇生气的，发脾气对···进行检查、评估和鉴定根据，依照，按照抑制安静，稳定，沉着涌现，涌出，涌升切题，切中要害（与of连用）达到···程度使（地雷，烟火等）爆炸，引爆使···运行，运转强加···于某人细思，详论，详述松开，释放跟上···的进程或发展，与···保持接触哈弗大众健康研究院蔡德福·威谦姆斯（人名）行为药物研究中心杜克大学医疗中心诺克斯维尔（地名）n.理查德·接斯科尔n.丹芬班齐（人名）New wordsadv.肯定地，自信地adv.相反地，颠倒地adj.注意的，留心的vt.分析n.内容vt.评估vt.分散（注意力等），使人分心n.肯定，自信vt.调整，定······的位n.领导，上司 adj.（职位、年龄等）较高的，优越的n.顾客，客户n.顾客adj.个人的，私人的，亲自的n.参加者，参与者adv.原先，以前n.目标 adj.客观的n.（精神或精力上的）恢复n.&vi.闲谈，聊天n.信念，相信，信任n.态度，看法n.极，杆，柱n.导火线，导火索n.队，（军队）旅vt.&vi.(使）逐步上升，（战争等）逐步升级adj.侵略的，放肆的；有进取心的，敢做敢为的n.爆发，进发n.趋势，倾向adj.最高的，至上的vi.垂直下落，骤然下落adj.不充足的，不充分的vi.对付，处理n.中断，打断vt.威胁，有·····的危险n.羽毛球n.(网球等的）球场n.接受，接管vt.预定n.观点，看法adj.以后的，后面的 n.(前面用定冠词）后者n.揭示，揭发，透露Phrases and Expressions对付，处理把····探究到底，用继续行动来加强·····的效果茶休Proper Namesn.匹克斯达夫休闲中心n.(地名）布拉德福德New wordsadj.（烟、雾等）浓厚的，密集的adj.可触知的，有形的adj.拉紧的，绷紧的，紧张的vt.&vi.摸索adj.无法计量的，无边无际的n.对比，比照 vt.使对比，使对照adv.含混地，不清楚地adj.孩子般的，幼稚的，傻气的n.模仿adj.不理解的n.别针n.（带柄的）大杯子vi.坚持adj.不耐烦的，急躁的vt.猛砸，击碎n.（感情等的）突发，爆发n.思想感情，感情n.井房n.喷口，喷管，（茶壶等的）嘴n.水流，溪流，小河vt.涌出，喷出adj.静止的，不动的n.一阵激动，颤动，抖动n.碎片，破片vi.渴望，极盼望Phrases and Expressions在海上；迷惑，困惑摸索着前进来来回回，来来去去马上要做坚持（把···）集中于，注意于解放，释放，使自由Proper Names安妮·曼斯菲尔德·萨利文（人名）New wordsadj.健壮的，结实的，勇敢的adj.光秃的，单调的，枯燥的vt.扎牢，扣住，使固定，系，集中于 vi.扣紧，抓住n.宣布，宣言，声明n.独立，自主adj.实际的，实践的，使用的，应用的n.保险，保险单，保险业，保险费vt.说服，劝说，（使）相信vt.铺（路等）n.壁炉n.铁工厂工人，铁匠n.大肚皮，大腹adj.大肚子的，大腹便便的n.炉n.专利权，执照，专利品 vt.取得···的专利权，审请专利vt.使能够，授予权力或方法adj.有学问的，学术上的n.电流，电n.闪电n.雷暴vt.&vi.哄，耐心使n.线，绳索，一串，一行 vt.&vi.排成一列n.杆，棒避雷针n.殖民地vt.&vi.耽搁，延迟，延期，迟滞 n.耽搁，延迟，迟滞adj.不能再用（或穿）的，穿旧的n.地毯n.尊敬，敬意，荣誉，光荣 vt.尊敬，给以荣誉n.（代表）大会；（美国等国的）国会，议会adj.精明的，机敏的n.外交官，有权谋的人n.舰队，港湾，小河n.宪法，构造，体质，章程，惯例n.代表 vt.委派···为代表Phrases and Expressions熟悉的，精通的着火散发出，（从···）扔开，去掉（伪装），摆脱掉单独，独自关怀，照顾，愿意，计较移交给，反复考虑，翻阅起身前往，开船，动身耐着性子看完或听完，一直挺到结束根据，依据Proper Namesn.费城美国国会（法国）路易国王美国宪法New wordsvt.占，占用，占领，占据adj.所谓的vt.像，类似n.费（公费、学费等），酬金adj.全部的，全面的adv.用数字，在数字上adj.保守的，守旧的，n.保守派adj.有统治权的，占优势的，支配的n.橱柜，内阁vt.同意，准予 n.基金n.费用；代价；损失；开支；费钱之物n.容量，生产量；才能，能力；接受力；地位n.登录，条目；进入，入口adj.工艺的n.工艺学校prep.加上n.费用；电荷；主管 vt,&vi.收费，控诉，责令vt.废止，废除（法律、制度、习俗等）Phrases and Expressions特别，尤其除···之外对···产生影响在实践中，实际上，熟练作出···决定拿掉，取消；脱衣；起飞免费Proper Namesn.伊顿（在伦敦附近的白金汉群，泰晤士河边的一个市镇，伊顿公学所在地）n.牛津（英国城市），牛津大学n.剑桥（英国城市，剑桥大学所在地）n.圣灵降临节Notes职业大学大学文科New wordsadj.职业的adj.慷慨的；自由主义的；文科教育的n.人性，人类；博爱，仁慈n.变化，多样性；种种，品种，种类adj.相等的，相当的 n.等价物，相等物n.大学肄业生，（尚未取得学位的）大学生 adj.大学生的n.单生汉，文理学士n.学费adj.牙齿的n.技巧，结构，（用复数）机械学，力学adj.非电术性的n.电力学n.木工工作n.铅工业，铅管品制造n.慈善，施舍；慈善团体Phrases and Expressions各式各样的立即New wordsadj.宗教（上）的，虔诚的vt.庆祝，歌颂n.（节日等的）前夜，前夕n.仪式，（宗教）礼拜式n.节日n.植被，（总称）植物，草木vt.朗诵，背诵vt.修剪，修饰n.装饰，装饰品，饰物n.纸张，一张（纸）n.小甜饼n.糖果n.(一种寄生植物）榭寄生n.装饰，装潢，装饰品n.枝形吊灯n.特权，特殊的荣幸adv.有意地，故意地vi.&vt.发源，发起n.浆果n.（大）树枝n.长筒袜的一只n.雪橇n.驯鹿（复数不变）n.烟囱n.包裹n.盛宴，筵席vt.&vi.区别，辨别，识别adj.葡萄干布丁的n.部分，地区vt.装饰，装修n.传说n.象征，符号vt.&vi.(为···）做广告，登广告n.倒计时vi.滑动，滑行adj.快的，迅速的Phrases and Expressions挂上，挂起开（灯等）Proper Namesn.圣诞节n.基督n.圣诞节的前一天（即12月24日）n.罗马n.大不列颠n.圣诞老人n.北极New wordsn.（用馅饼、夹子等）狩猎n.(总称）猎物，野味adj.富裕的，丰富的n.食物，饮食adj.懊悔的，遗憾的adj.最初的，最草的，原来的adj.灿烂的，壮丽的adj.严肃的，严厉的adj.公社的，公用的n.黎明，拂晓adv.后来，以后n.爆米(花）n.火鸡，火鸡肉n.南瓜n.饥饿，饿死n.奢侈，奢华n.（经常用复数）情况，形式vt.宣告，公告n.感激，感谢vt.纪念，庆祝n.义务，职责vi.合作，协作，配合n.意图，意向adj.通常的，惯例的adj.美味的，可口的n.(一道）菜n.（西式）馅饼n.记忆，回忆，记性n.礼物n.移居者，开拓者vt.使更新，换新，加强Phrases and Expressions习惯于破晓总的来说，大体上回忆，纪念Proper Namesn.感恩节n.移到美洲的英国清教徒n.科德角n.马萨诸塞州（美国州名）adj.印第安（人）的 n.印第安人，印第安语n.布拉德福（人姓）n.乔治·华盛顿（美国第一任总统）n.亚伯拉罕·林肯（美国第十六任总统）n. F.D. 罗斯福（美国第三十二任总统）New wordsadj.有效的，被实施的，给人深刻印象，有生力量vt.&vi.结结巴巴地说话，使困惑，瞒珊，踌躇n.听众，观众vt.&vi.(使）缓和vt.使确信，使信服n.种类，别，范畴vt.损坏，搞糟，扰乱vt.扰乱，使糊涂vt.&vi.推想，假设，猜想vt.&vi.概述，总结，摘要n.主持人n.座谈小组，讨论小组adv.平稳地，顺利地adj.体谅的，会照顾的，考虑周到的n.图表 vt.制图n.图表，曲线图vt.赏识，鉴赏；感激 vi.增值，涨价n.思虑，慎重adj.戏剧性的，生动的n.会堂，观众席，礼堂n.扩音器，麦克风adj.令人愉快的，可享受的n.志愿者，志愿兵 adj.志愿的，义务的，无偿的 vt.&vi.自愿Phrases and Expressions要求，号召；拜访结结巴巴地说高兴起来首先处于某人的位置确定得体的，大方的集中插嘴，插入，把···插进超过某人的理解力屈尊俯就地说话表明，显示，经历，脱险New wordsadv.表面上，似乎真实施n.身份，地位n.共振，回音vi.倾向，走向adv.发出呼吸声地adj.自信地，肯定地n.音调，声调n.信任，信心adj.可笑的，荒谬的adv.自觉地，自我意识地vt.扩大，扩张n.肋，肋骨adj.腹的，腹部的n.肌肉n.腹，腹部vt.利用adj.有益的，有利的n.膈肌膜n.单调，不变的乐调adj.单调的，乏味的n.讲演，陈述n.变音，转调n.音量，响度adv.清楚地，显然adj.不可抗拒的，压倒（优势）的vt.使活动，使激活n.食品加工器adj.强有力的，有说服力的n.回答，应答vt.贴标签于 n.标签n.失败 弱点vt.使工作过度 vi.工作过度 n.过度工作n.增补，补遗副刊 vi.增补adv.经常地，不断地vt.打扰，扰乱adj.喜欢多说，多嘴的n.强烈，剧烈n.烦恼，烦扰，烦恼的事adj.先前的，以前的n.激怒，恼怒vt.不理，忽视adj.指令的 n.命令，指令n.力量，效力vt.改变，改动Phrases and Expressions从现在起呼吸忍受New wordsvt&vi放宽，变宽，扩大，加宽n.共享，股份，部分，份额，参股adj.生效的，有效率的，能干的vi.居住vt&vi.服从，顺从；提交，递交n.执照，许可执政，特许vt.刻凹痕，用凹痕计算，开槽，切口，得分n.办理，处理；交易，事务adj.基础的，基本的vt.低估，看轻adj.结晶状的 n.水晶， 水晶饰品，晶体n.陈列，展览，显示，显示器vt.陈列，展览，显示液晶显示器n.班长；监视器，监控器 vt&vi.监控n.清晰度，分辨率adj.平凡的 n.平凡的事，平常话vt&vi.涂污，污损；把···弄得模糊不清顶置式电视n.处理机，处理器n.芯片，筹码，碎片n.识别adj.悲观的，厌世的vt.评价过高Phrases and Expressions请求，审请举起，起始；提供扩展，完成；创下，达到生产；挣得；介绍引进连起来，接上事实上，实际上归类结束，竖着召集，招来，来访检查Proper Namesn.佛罗里达n.微软公司New wordsvt.尝试，企图n.雕刻品n.碑，牌，匾额n.文化，文明adj.复杂的n.信鸽n.计算，计算结果n.显微镜n.电报n.装置n.脚趾n.记载，记录n.牧羊人，羊倌n.棍，杖，棒，（全体）工作人员n.牧地，牧场，草原n.母羊n.羊羔，小羊n.谷仓n.技工，工匠（复数为craftsmen)adj.连续不断的，不停歇的n.制陶工n.商人adv.大胆地n.航行，航海vi.&vt.发展，演变n.操作，操纵adj.多方面的，通用的，多才多艺的adv.足够的，充分的vt.分配，分给。
(word完整版)2019年4月自考00015英语(二)试题及答案,推荐文档
2019年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试卷(课程代码00015)第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
My BrotherMy brother is off at colege, and at age 14, I miss him teribly. My brother is a rare kindof guy. He's smart and kind., And my frinds say he's lovely. But it's how he handles things and how he treats his friends anđ his family that make me feel more proud.He applied to 14 collges. He was accepted by all but one, the one he wanted, BrownUniversity. So he took his second choice, and off he went to a frst year. When he came homefor summer vacation, he said he'd move to Rhode Island near Brown, find a job, and dowhatever he could to become known in the area. He'd work his heart out and do his best ateveryting. Someone, he was sure, would notice. This was a big deal for my parents as itmeant agreeing to a year'without college. But they trusted him and encouraged him to dowhatever he thoughtit would take to realize his dream.It wasn't long before he was hired as an amateur (业余的) play director at Brown. Nowwas his chance to shine, and shine hc did. He put every bit of himself into the job. He metteachers and scoo ofias, talked to eveyone about his dream and never hsitd to tellthem what he was after.And, sure enough, at the end of the year, when he reapplied to Brown, he was accepted.We were all happy, but for me the happiness went very deep. 1 had learned an importantlesson -a lesson no one could have taught me with words. If I work hard for what I want, andif I keep trying after I've been tumed down, my dreams can also come true. This is agiftIstill hold in my heart.1. My brother had many good qulities.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Givcn2. On!y one university acepted my brother.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. My brother's first year at college was terible.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. My brother would like to find a job in Rhode Island.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. My parents disagreed with my brother's plan.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. My brother took every opportunity to promote himself.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. My brother never told anyone what he was after.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. My brother applied to Brown University three times.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. My brother set a good example for me.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. I wanted to go to college, too.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
00015自考英语二教程电子版
大学英语自学教程（下）01-A. What Is a Decision?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, hut since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, no decision. If no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best -- that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. An organizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. Frequently, departments or units within an organization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger organization. Called suboptimization, this is a trade-off that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. For example, the marketing manager may argue effectively for an increased advertising budget. In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.These trade-offs occur because there are many objectives that organizations wish to attainsimultaneously. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. Different managers define the same problem in different terms. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on.The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based, in part, on the values of the decision maker. Such values are personal; they are hard to understand, even by the individual, because they are so dynamic and complex. In many business situations different people's values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cause disagreement about the correctness of decisions.People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. But from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions. 01-B. Secrets of Success at an InterviewThe subject of today's talk is interviews.The key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far.Do your homework first.Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the organization you hope to work for.Many of the employers I interviewed made the same criticism of candidates. "They have no idea what the day to day work of the job brings about. They have vague notions of "furthering the company's prospects’ or of 'serving the community', but have never taken the trouble to find out the actual tasks they will be required to do.”Do not let this be said of you. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job.Take the time to put yourself into the interviewer's place. He wants somebody who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job.Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for.Write down (and remember) the questions you want to ask the interviewer(s) so that you are not speechless when they invite your questions. Make sure that holidays and pay are not the first things you ask about. If all your questions have been answered during the interview, reply: "In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all.”Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied, but do be polite.Just before you go to the interview, look again at the original advertisement that you answered,any correspondence from your prospective employer, photocopies of your letter of application or application form and your resume.Then you will remember what you said and what they want. This is very important if you have applied for many jobs in a short time as it is easy to become confused and give an impression of inefficiency.Make sure you know where and when you have to report for the interview. Go to the building (but not inside the office) a day or two before, if necessary, to find out how long the journey takes and where exactly the place is.Aim to arrive five or ten minutes early for the actual interview, then you will have a little time in hand and you will not panic if you are delayed. You start at a disadvantage if you arrive worried and ten minutes late.Dress in clean, neat, conservative clothes. Now is NOT the time to experiment with the punk look or (girls) to wear low-cut dresses with miniskirts. Make sure that your shoes, hands and hair (and teeth) are clean and neat.Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty in communication.You may find yourself facing one interviewer or a panel. The latter is far more intimidating, but do not let it worry you too much. The interviewer will probably have a table in front of him/her. Do not put your things or arms on it.If you have a bag or a case, put it on the floor beside your chair. Do not clutch it nervously or, worse still, drop it, spilling everything.Shake hands if the interviewer offers his hand first. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go though the process of all shaking hands with you in turn. So you do not be upset if no one offers.Shake hands firmly -- a weak hand suggests a weak personality, and a crushing grip is obviously painful. Do not drop the hand as soon as yours has touched it as this will seem to show you do not like the other person.Speak politely and naturally even if you are feeling shy. Think before you answer any questions. If you cannot understand, ask: "Would you mind rephrasing the question, please?" The question will then be repeated in different words.If you are not definitely accepted or turned down on the spot, ask: "When may I expect to hear the results of this interview?"If you do receive a letter offering you the job, you must reply by letter (keep a photocopy) as soon as possible.Good luck!02-A. Black HolesWhat is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers andscientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing ) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape ?not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space -- or so we think. How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star -- a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes,The most convincing evidence of black holes comes frown research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them. are endless. There might bea massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.02-B. Worlds within WorldsFirst of all let us consider the earth (that is to say, the world) as a planet revolving round the sun. The earth is one of nine planets which move in orbit round the sun. These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar system. How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery but astronomers tell us that it is only one of millions of similar systems in space, and one of the smallest.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more or less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them. About our own solar system, however, we are learning more every day.Before the American and Russian astronauts made their thrilling journeys into outer space it was difficult for us to realise what our earth looked like from hundreds of thousands of miles away, but the photographs which the astronauts were able to take show us the earth in space looking not very different from what the moon looks like when we look at it from the earth. The earth is, however, very different from the moon, which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation, whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect. The moon, by the way, is called a satellite because it goes round our earth as well as round the sun. In other words, it goes round the sun with our earth.The surface of our earth is covered by masses of land and larger areas of water. Let us consider the water areas first. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. The very large separate areas of water are called "oceans” and the lesser areas are called "seas.”In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction -- that is to say, from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned. The water which is flowing in this manner is said to be moving as a "current." There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas, but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance. These currents are important because they affect the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscopic animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes.The nature and characteristics of the surface of the land areas of the earth vary a great deal from area to area and from place to place. The surface of some areas consists largely of high mountains and deep valleys whilst, in other areas, most of the surface consists of plains. If onemade a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, plateaux, deserts, tropical forestlands and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.When thinking and learning about the world we should not forget that our world is the home of a very great many different people -- peoples with different coloured skins, living very different lives and having very different ideas about a great many important things such as religion, government, education and social behaviour.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands. Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live. It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.03-A. Euthanasia: For and Against"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ... we mustn't delay any longer.”These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor, explains how he looks at the question:"Well, it's not as if I'm planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much. Th at's a very different thing.”Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organisation Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vast majorityof euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family -- there's nearly always another question behind the question.”Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices -- special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: "It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.”Many find this prohibition of an individual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: "What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?But "why not?" is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.03-B. Advantage UnfairAccording to the writer Walter Ellis, author of a book called the Oxbridge Conspiracy, Britain is still dominated by the old-boy network: it isn't what you know that matters, but who you know. He claims that at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (Oxbridge for short) a few select people start on an escalator ride which, over the years, carries them to the tops of British privilege and power. His research revealed that the top professions all continue to be dominated, if not 90 per cent, then 60 or 65 per cent, by Oxbridge graduates.And yet, says Ellis, Oxbridge graduates make up only two per cent of the total number of students who graduate from Britain's universities. Other researches also seem to support his belief that Oxbridge graduates start with an unfair advantage in the employment market. In the law, a recently published report showed that out of 26 senior judges appointed to the High Court last year, all of them went to private schools and 21 of them went to Oxbridge.But can this be said to amount to a conspiracy? Not according to Dr. John Rae, a former headmaster of one of Britain's leading private schools, Westminster:"I would accept that there was a bias in some key areas of British life, but that bias has now gone. Some time ago -- in the 60s and before ?entry to Oxford and Cambridge was not entirely onmerit. Now, there's absolutely no question in any objective observer's mind that, entry to Oxford and Cambridge is fiercely competitive."However, many would disagree with this. For, although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state schools, over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private, or "public" schools. Is this because pupils from Britain's private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools, or are they simply better prepared?On average, about $ 5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils. So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools when they have far fewer resources? And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University, which requires extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term?Until recently, many blamed Oxford for this bias because of the university's special entrance exam (Cambridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986). But last February, Oxford University decided to abolish the exam to encourage more state school applicants. From autumn 1996, Oxford University applicants, like applicants to other universities, will be judged only on their A level results and on their performance at interviews, although some departments might still set special tests.However, some argue that there's nothing wrong in having elite places of learning, and that by their very nature, these places should not be easily accessible. Most countries are run by an elite and have centres of academic excellence from which the elite are recruited. Walter Ellis accepts that this is true:"But in France, for example, there are something like 40 equivalents of university, which provide this elite through a much broader base. In America you've got the Ivy League, centred on Harvard and Yale, with Princeton and Stanford and others. But again, those universities together -- the elite universities -- are about ten or fifteen in number, and are being pushed along from behind by other great universities like, for example, Chicago and Berkeley. So you don't have just this narrow concentration of two universities providing a constantly replicating elite.”When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist because of the number of private school pupils they accept, Professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore:"If certain schools do better than others then we just have to accept it. We cannot be a place for remedial education. It's not what Oxford is there to do.”However, since academic excellence does appear to be related to the amount of money spent per pupil, this does seem to imply that Prime Minister John Major's vision of Britain as a classless society is still a long way off. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn't himself go to Oxbridge, most of his ministers did.04-A. Slavery on Our DoorstepThere are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (theexact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics). Usually, they have been brought over by foreign businessmen, diplomats or Britons returning from abroad. Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain.The abuse can take several forms. Often the domestics are not allowed to go out, and they do not receive any payment. They can be physically, sexually and psychologically abused. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or "escaping" virtually impossible.The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicised cases. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London:"I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989. I was supposed to be paid $ 120 but I never received that amount. They always threatened that they would send me back to my country.”Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka. The main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked:"No days off -- ever, no breaks at all, no proper food. I didn't have my own room; I slept on a shelf with a spad0 of only three feet above me. I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody. I wasn't even allowed to open the window. My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.”At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers. This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and, understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job (of which the employees should see a copy).However, many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse. For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer. (They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.) So if they do complain, they risk being deported.Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the。
00015英语二2023年04月真题+解析+作文
2023年 04月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）(课程代码 00015)第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）Why Dogs Bury Their Favorite BonesYou may find it crazy that your dog buries his favorite bone or chew toy, only to dig it up a day or two later, but there is actually a reason behind it——it is simply in their nature. For thousands of years, dogs have buried their bones. The practice itself started long before dogs were even pets when they had to bury bones to survive.When dogs lived in the wild, sometimes food was scarce. If they were able to find food,dogs became very protective of it, Sometimes they would have more bones than they could eat for one meal. To keep other dogs and animals from stealing their bones, dogs would bury them in the ground. When it was time for the next meal, they would dig up their bones and enjoy them again. This would continue until the bones were gone.Even though most dogs have plenty of food to eat today, their instincts still tell them to bury their bones and favorite toys. Theydo this to keep other dogs and animals from stealing them, just like their ancestors did. Some dogs keep at least two bones buried at once. When they want to dig up one, they wil bury one more. This may leave a backyard full of holes and bones.How do dogs decide where to bury their bones? A dog cannot bury a bone just anywhere.He must first find the perfect spot. This involves using his nose to find a spot that is free from other dogs and animals. Often it is near a tree or a large rock, but it could be anywhere in the yard. Once the dog finds the perfect spot, he uses his front paws to dig a hole, drops the bone in and covers up the hole to protect his treasure.1.Dogs bury their favorite bones or chew toys by nature.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given2.Dogs started to bury their bones when they became pets.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given3.Dogs in the wild occasionally had enough food.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given4.Dogs would bury their extra food for their babies.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given5.Animals would start a fierce fight over food in ancient timesA、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given6.Some dogs tend to store up more than one bone at the same time.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given7.The backyard of a dog owner may be full of holes dug by his dog.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given8.Dogs often bury their bones far away from trees.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given9.Dogs use their paws to find spots for burying bones.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given10.Dogs bury more bones than chew toys.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）Public Wi-Fi Users Neglect SafetyA recent survey shows that 25% of Internet users have done online banking through public Wi-Fi in the last three months. It also shows that 27% have bought a product or service with a credit card this way.practices. Doug Shadel said that hackers usually attack in two ways. They may create Wi-Fi hotspots that have the same name of the ones you trust, such as a hotel or a coffee shop. They may also provide a stronger Wi-Fi signal to get between you and the safe hotspot. In either case, the hackers can see your email, credit card information, user names and passwords. Sometimes hackers just set up their electronic traps near a business where people enjoy the free Wi-Fi. "In most cases they are after your personal information," Shadel said. "If you use the same user name and password for many accounts, they can get into them all. It's possible for any hacker to do it. The software to hack into a Wi-Fi network is available at little or no cost.""It's difficult for people to know if a Wi-Fi network is safe,"Shadel said. "So you should just think they are not. Any shared Internet access, free or paid, carries the same level of risk.It is safe only when you or someone you trust directly controls it." Shadel sometimes checks email through public Wi-Fi. But he never does any banking that way. In an unfamiliar place, he uses a Virtual Private Network (VPN). “This service creates a passage between your device and a safe place on the Internet," he said.11.A recent survey finds that 25% of Internet users use public Wi-Fi to ().A、do bankingB、buy thingsC、provide serviceD、play cards12.The phrase "take advantage of" (Para. 2) can best be replaced by "()".A、adjust toB、benefit fromC、lead toD、result from13.According to Shadel, any hacker can ()A、create different passwordsB、open an electronic accountC、steal people's informationD、write software for businesses14.For the sake of safety, Internet users are advised to ().A、test shared Internet accessB、rely on paid Internet accessC、look for free Internet accessD、avoid shared Internet access15.Shadel uses public Wi-Fi to ().A、learn about VPNB、deal with his emailsC、keep his account safeD、handle financial matters第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，，共10分）I Use Every Second Before I Go to Work①I wake up at 6 a.m. every day. The first thing I do when I wake up is grab my smartphone and take it to the bathroom with me, where I start my day by consuming quite a lot of information. I go to some websites, but the main site that I focus on during this time is Nuzzel, a collector of headlines and links. I recommend everyone look into it if they feel they don't have time to properly focus on every website individually.②After visiting those sites, I head to Twitter, my No.1 outlet for communication with the public. Twitter is becoming a listening platform. There is such a volume of information on the platform that you need pay attention to. So I spend a great amount of my morning responding to people and starting conversations.③After all this comes my workout (锻炼) with my trainer. I usually work out for about 45 minutes. The specific workout routine varies depending on the day of the week, what I ate,and how much I've been traveling.④After the workout, I head back home to get my children readyfor school. I say bye to them and give them each a kiss before they leave. Then, I'm off to my office, often before 9 a.m.⑤In the car to my office, I call my mom, dad or sister. I talk to them just to learn what they're up to. I really value those small moments. By the time I step into my office, so much is going through my head. My day starts the minute I open my eyes.Task 116.Paragraph ①:17.Paragraph ②:18.Paragraph ③:19.Paragraph ④:20.Paragraph ⑤:选项A.I do some morning exercise.B.I phone my parents or sister.C.I prepare my kids for school.D.I communicate with others online.E.I help my kids with their homework.F.I visit websites to get information.Task 221.Nuzzel helps me ().22.On Twitter I am able ().23.There are several factors that ().24.Before my kids go to school, I ().25.I call my parents ().选项A.to listen to othersB.step into my officeC.kiss them goodbyeD.affect my workout routineE.to learn how they are doingF.to surf the Internet efficiently第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分）Banning Mobile Phones at SchoolIt is a question that keeps some parents awake at night. Shouldchildren be allowed to take mobile phones to school? (26) For parents who want their children to do well at school, it is no. Banning mobile phones at school is effective. According to a UK study, after schools banned mobile phones, the test scores of students improved by 6.4%. The findings will influence the debate about children and mobile phones. In the UK, more than 90% of teenagers own a mobile phone; in the US, 75% have one. The popular mobile phone is a problem in the eye of teachers.(27) In a 2001 survey, no school banned mobiles. By 2007, this had risen to 50%. By 2012, 98% of schools had taken action. Some did not allow phones. The others required them to be handed in at the beginning of the day.(28) New York City has lifted a 10-year ban on phones at school. It says that lifting the ban will promote equality. "This view is wrong," the researchers of the UK study write."We found that the ban led to improvements in test scores among students.Low-achieving students gained the most. (29) Allowing phones into schools will harm the lowest-achieving students the most." The UK study was carried out at Birmingham, London, Leicester and Manchester schools before and after bans were introduced. “Technology is commonly viewed as increasing efficiency," the researchers write. "Modern technology is used in the classroomto improve student performance. (30) Some students will pay no attention to their class."A.They are worried about the trend.B.The mobile phone is a good example.C.However, there are potential problems.D.Now researchers say that they have an answer.E.Therefore, lifting the ban may in fact lead to the opposite.F.However, some schools are starting to allow limited use of mobile phones.第五部分：填词补文（第31~40题，每题1.5分，共15分）Failing ForwardThere are several key abilities that allow successful people to fail forward instead of taking each setback personally. First, successful people don't blame themselves when they fail. They take (31) for each setback, but they don't take the failure personally. Second,successful people don't (32) themselves by individual failures. They (33) that each setback is a small (34) of the whole.Third, achievers are (35) to vary their approaches to problems. That's important in every walk of life. If one (36)doesn't work for you, if it brings repeated failures, (37) try something else. To fail forward, you must do what works for you, not (38) what works for other people. Finally, successful people are (39). They don't let one error keep them down.They learn from their mistakes and (40) on.A.luckyB.moveC.responsibilityD.thenE.necessarilyF.partG.toughH.willingI.approachJ.recognizeK.easilyL.define第六部分：完形补文（第41~50，每题1.5分，共15分）Achieving Success in a Presentationwith something of value. What do they get from (41) (spend) time listening to your presentation? Many people think that they need to be brilliant to present well. They think that they need to be smart, witty and (42) (charm) before they start to write a speech. Those qualities can come (43) (natural), but most often, they come as a result of the passion and knowledge of the (44)(speak).One of the vital factors in having an (45) (effect) presentation is serving the needs of your audience. Caring for your audience's needs (46) (require) no perfection. You can make (47) (mistake) and it's going to be OK. The (48) (equip) can fail and it's still going to be OK. You don't have to use humor to be a (49) (win). With that in mind, the real point is more like being successful at (50) (reach) your audience.第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分）假设你刚找到一份满意的工作。
00015英语二(自考)
00015英语二(自考)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（00015英语二(自考)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
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00015英语二重点语法 (结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句,虚拟语气,反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态,名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。
下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。
名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如： army ， audience ，class ， committee , crew （全体船员，乘务员 ) ， crowd ，faculty ， family , government ， group ， orchestra ， team ，union 等。
强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。
如: The government is paying close attention to economicdevelopment.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter。
2.有些名词形式为复数,却用作单数，如：electronics( 电子学 ) ，mathematics（数学 ) , optics（光学）， politics ，statistics( 统计学）， economics （经济学）， physics 等。
例如 :Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3。
2019年10月0015英语二真题及答案完整版
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。
必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。
第一部分：阅读判断（第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C 。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
To Lease(租赁)or Not to LeasePlanning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy?Think again.Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying.Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money.They're right-it is cheaper,but only in the short term.For example,if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester,you might pay $300per month for the car.If you were to buy the same car,you would pay about $400per month.Over a three-year,you would save $3600-a big savings.But after your lease is over,you have to give the car back.Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford.For example,if you spend $300monthly on a car,you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer.For the same price,you might have to buy a used Explorer,or buy a new but much less expensive model.A lease ，therefore ，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars.However,whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it,and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later.Furthermore,people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over .Most leases limit you to a certain number of严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制miles.If you go over that,you must pay for each mile.As a result,you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程)fees.In addition,when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle.Since you must return the car finally,you are paying to repair someone else's car.By now,the benefits of buying over leasing should be clear.Remember:whatever model you can afford to buy,it is yours after you make the payments.There's no giving back,and that makes all the difference.1.People usually think leasing a car can save money.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given2.Leasing a car costs less in the long term.B.False C.Not Given A.True3.More people like to lease cars than before.A.TrueB.FalseC Not Given4.People can lease a car they cannot afford.A.True B.False C.Not Given严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制5.Young people prefer to lease the latest models of cars.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Ford Explorer is the most popular model in the leasing market.A.True B.False C.Not Given7.People often pay more than they expect for a lease.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.People need to pay for each mile they drive during the lease.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.Leasing companies pay for repairs to the leased cars.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制严禁复制10.The author advises people to buy an affordable car.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11〜15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A 、B 、C 、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
2023年10月山东自考00015英语(二)试题
2023年10月山东自考00015英语(二)试题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the English exam I took in October 2023 in Shandong province. It was super fun!The exam had a lot of different parts. First, there was a listening section where we had to listen to some people talking and answer questions about what we heard. I always love this part because I get to practice my listening skills.Then, there was a reading section where we had to read some stories and answer questions about them. I like reading, so this part was not too hard for me. I even learned some new words from the stories!After that, there was a writing section where we had to write an essay about our favorite hobby. I wrote about playing soccer because I love running around and kicking the ball with my friends. I hope the examiners liked my essay!Finally, there was a speaking section where we had to talk about a topic with a partner. We talked about our favoriteanimals and why we liked them. I chose to talk about dogs because they are so cute and friendly.Overall, I had a great time taking the English exam. I hope I did well and can't wait to see my results. English is so fun to learn and I can't wait to keep improving my skills. Thank you for reading about my experience!篇2Hey guys, today I'm gonna tell you about the English exam we had in October 2023 in Shandong. It was super fun and challenging at the same time!The first question was about our favorite hobbies. I wrote about how I love playing soccer with my friends and how it helps me relax and stay active. I also mentioned that I enjoy reading books and watching movies in my free time.Next, we had to write a short story about a magical adventure. I came up with a story about a group of friends who find a mysterious map leading to a hidden treasure in the forest. They had to overcome obstacles and work together to find the treasure. It was so cool imagining all the magical creatures they encountered along the way!The last part of the exam was a reading comprehension section. We had to read a passage about climate change and answer questions about it. It was eye-opening to learn more about how our actions impact the environment and what we can do to help protect our planet.Overall, the English exam was a great experience. It helped me improve my writing skills and learn new things. I can't wait to see how I did on the test and continue practicing my English for the next exam. Bring it on, Shandong!篇3Hey guys, have you heard about the 2023 October Shandong self-study English exam? It's like, super important and stuff, so we gotta be prepared for it! Let's take a look at the questions together!Question 1: Write a short paragraph about your favorite season and why you like it. Remember to use some cool adjectives and details to describe it!My favorite season is summer because I love going to the beach and swimming in the ocean. The sun is always shining, the water is warm, and there are so many fun activities to do. I alsolike to eat ice cream and have barbecues with my family and friends. Summer is the best!Question 2: Describe your dream vacation. Where would you go, what would you do, and who would you go with?My dream vacation would be to go to a tropical island with crystal clear waters and white sandy beaches. I would spend my days snorkeling and sunbathing, and my nights watching the sunset and eating delicious seafood. I would go with my best friends and we would make so many amazing memories together.Question 3: Write a story about a magical adventure you have with your pet. Be creative and use your imagination!Once upon a time, my pet dog and I discovered a secret portal in the backyard that led us to a magical kingdom. We met talking animals, wizards, and fairies who helped us on our quest to find a hidden treasure. Along the way, we faced many challenges and had to use our bravery and teamwork to overcome them. In the end, we found the treasure and returned home with amazing stories to tell.So, that's it for the 2023 October Shandong self-study English exam questions! Remember to practice your English every day and you'll do great on the test. Good luck, everyone!篇4Title: My Fun Day at the 2023 Shandong Self-study English Exam (Part Two)Hey everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my super fun day at the 2023 Shandong Self-study English Exam (Part Two)! It was so cool and exciting, I just can't wait to share it with you all!First of all, the exam started off with some easymultiple-choice questions. They were like, "What is the capital of France? A) London B) Paris C) New York" and stuff like that. I felt pretty confident about those questions because I had studied really hard for them. But there were also some tricky ones like, "What is the past tense of the verb 'go'? A) went B) gone C) goes". I had to think really hard about that one!Next, we had some reading comprehension questions. We had to read a passage about a famous scientist and answer questions about it. The passage was really interesting and I learned a lot of cool facts about the scientist. I was able toanswer most of the questions because I paid attention to the details in the passage.After that, we had to write a short essay about my favorite hobby. I chose to write about playing soccer because I love playing soccer with my friends at recess. I talked about why I love soccer, how it makes me feel, and why I think it's the best hobby ever. I even included some of my favorite soccer tricks in the essay!Overall, the exam was so much fun and I had a blast taking it.I can't wait to get my results back and see how well I did. I know I did my best and that's all that matters!Well, that's it for my fun day at the 2023 ShandongSelf-study English Exam (Part Two)! I hope you enjoyed reading about it as much as I enjoyed taking it. Thanks for listening, and I'll see you all next time! Bye!篇5Oh my gosh, guys! Today we're going to talk about the English exam that I took in October 2023 in Shandong!First of all, the exam was so much fun! I had to write about my favorite movie and why I liked it. I chose "Toy Story" becauseit's super cool and funny. I also had to talk about my dream job. I want to be a teacher because I love helping people learn new things. It was so awesome to write about my dreams and interests!Next, there was a listening section where they played a clip and asked questions about it. It was a bit tricky because sometimes the speakers talked really fast, but I tried my best to answer all the questions. Listening is always a challenge, but it's important to practice every day.Then, there was a reading comprehension section where I had to read some passages and answer questions about them. Some of the stories were so interesting and I couldn't wait to find out what happened next. I love reading, so this part was really fun for me.Finally, there was a grammar and vocabulary section where I had to fill in the blanks with the correct words. I studied really hard for this part, so I felt pretty confident. I just hope I didn't make too many mistakes!Overall, the English exam was a blast! I had so much fun showing off my skills and knowledge. I can't wait to see my results and celebrate with my friends. English is such animportant subject, and I'm so glad I got to take this exam. Yay for learning!篇6Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to share with you the English exam questions from the 2023 October ShandongSelf-study Exam. It was so much fun and I can't wait to tell you all about it!Question 1:Imagine you are planning a trip to the beach with your friends. Write a short dialogue discussing what activities you want to do and what items you need to bring. Use at least 5 different beach-related vocabulary words in your dialogue.Question 2:Write a short paragraph about a memorable birthday party you attended. Include details about the theme, decorations, food, and games that were played. Use descriptive adjectives to make your paragraph more interesting.Question 3:Explain in your own words what volunteering means to you. Why do you think it is important to give back to your community?Provide examples of ways you have volunteered or ways you would like to volunteer in the future.Question 4:Choose a famous person that you admire and write a short biography about their life and accomplishments. Include details about their childhood, career, and any challenges they may have faced. Explain why you look up to this person and how their success inspires you.I had so much fun answering these questions and I hope you enjoyed reading about them too! Good luck to everyone taking the exam! Remember to stay positive and do your best. Thank you for listening!篇7Hello everyone! Today, let's talk about the English test we took in October 2023 in Shandong. It was so much fun! We had to answer lots of questions and write an article. I wanted to share some of the questions with you guys.First, we had to write about our favorite season and why we liked it. I wrote about summer because I love going to the beach and eating ice cream. What's your favorite season?Next, we had to read a passage about animals and answer some questions. It was really interesting to learn about different kinds of animals and their habitats. I love animals, so this was my favorite part of the test.Then, we had to write a story about a magical adventure. I wrote about a unicorn who flew to outer space and made friends with aliens. It was so much fun to use my imagination and create a story.Overall, the English test was really cool. I had so much fun answering the questions and writing the article. I can't wait to see my results and share them with my friends.I hope you all did well on the test too. Let's keep practicing our English and have even more fun in the next test. Go English! Go Shandong!篇8Oh! Hi everyone! Today, I'm going to talk about the exam questions from the Shandong Self-study 00015 English (two) exam in October 2023. The questions were super fun and interesting, so let's dive right in!First off, we had to write a story about our favorite animal. I chose a panda because they are so cute and fluffy. I talked about how pandas eat bamboo and live in the mountains. I even mentioned how they can sometimes be a little lazy, just like me when I have to do homework.Next, we had to describe our dream vacation. I wrote about going to a beautiful beach with crystal-clear water and white sand. I talked about swimming with dolphins and building sandcastles. It was so much fun to imagine being on vacation and relaxing in the sun.After that, we had to answer some questions about a reading passage. The passage was about a famous scientist who discovered a new planet. I learned a lot of cool facts about space and how big our universe is. It was really interesting and made me want to learn more about space.Finally, we had to write a letter to our future selves. I wrote about my hopes and dreams for the future, like going to college and getting a cool job. I also wrote about how I want to travel the world and meet new people. It was fun to think about what my future might look like.Overall, the exam was a blast! I had so much fun writing and answering the questions. I can't wait to see how I did on theexam, but no matter what, I had a great time. Thanks for listening to my recap of the Shandong Self-study 00015 English (two) exam in October 2023!篇9Hey guys, today I want to talk about the English exam I took in October 2023 in Shandong Province. It was a super cool test and I want to share it with you!The first part of the exam was listening. We had to listen to a story and answer questions about it. The story was about a boy who went on an adventure to find a hidden treasure. It was so exciting! Then we had to listen to some conversations and answer questions. It was a bit tricky, but I think I did pretty well.Next, we had the reading part. We had to read a passage about pandas and answer questions. Pandas are my favorite animals, so I had a lot of fun reading about them. After that, we had to read a story and fill in the blanks with the right words. It was a bit challenging, but I managed to do it.The last part of the exam was writing. We had to write a short essay about our dream vacation. I wrote about going to Disneyland and meeting all the Disney characters. It was so much fun to imagine!Overall, I had a blast taking the English exam. I think I did pretty well, and I can't wait to see my results. I hope I did enough to pass! Thanks for reading my article, guys! Bye!篇10Well, hello everyone! Today, I'm going to tell you all about the test I took in October 2023 for the Shandong Self-Study Exam. It was the English (Part 2) test, and let me tell you, it was a doozy!The first section of the test was all about reading comprehension. We had to read a bunch of passages and then answer questions about them. Some of the passages were about animals, some were about famous people, and some were even about outer space! I had to really pay attention to understand what they were talking about.The second section was all about grammar and vocabulary. We had to fill in the blanks with the correct words, and let me tell you, some of those words were really tricky! I had to think hard to make sure I was using the right ones.The third section was writing, and this was the most fun part for me. I got to write a story about my favorite day ever. I wrote about the time I went to the beach with my family and we builtsandcastles and swam in the ocean. It was so much fun to write about!Overall, the test was pretty tough, but I think I did a good job.I worked really hard and tried my best, and that's all that matters.I can't wait to see how I did when the results come out!So, that's my experience with the 2023 October Shandong Self-Study Exam for English (Part 2). It was a challenge, but I'm proud of myself for doing my best. I can't wait to take the next one and see how I improve. Thanks for listening, everyone! Bye!。
2016年10月自考英语二(0015)-试卷-word-精排版
2016年10月自考英语二试卷〔0015〕一、阅读判断<第1—10题,每小题1分,共10分>下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提与,选择C.在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑.Being "Cool" in Middle School A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the "cool" kids will. The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having "cool" behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as "cool" and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thoughtto be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool" kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greaterrate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships. The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called "cool" behavior is a predictor <预示> of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drag and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friends, that is not a cause for concern. Many "uncool" kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do.1. Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up. A. True B. False C. Not Given2. "Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior. A. True B. False C. Not Given3. Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers. A. True B. False C. Not Given4. "Uncool" kids are more likely to commit crimes. A. True B. False C. Not Given5. "Cool" kids have better life skills than "uncool" kids. A. True B. False C. Not Given6. "Uncool" kids spend most of their time studying. A. True B. False C. Not Given7. The study followed the students for a decade. A. True B. False C. Not Given8. "Cool" kids marry earlier than "uncool"kids. A. True B. False C. Not Given9. Parents needn't worry if their kids are "uncool". A. True B. False C. Not Given10. "Cool" kids remain popular all their lives.A. True B. False C. Not Given二、阅读选择<第11-15题,每小题2分,共10分>阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项<A、B、C、D>中选出1个最佳选项,并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑.It is estimated that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants as we know have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. There was nowhere in which aserver brought you food and drink that you chose from amenu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.There were places where travelers could eat centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were bars where one could get a drink. The rich could also eat meals supplied by private cooks. But there was nothing that could be called a "restaurant".A Frenchman changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Pads that sold soups. On his sign, he used the term "restaurants" to describe what he was selling. Soups were considered "restorative", so he called them "restaurants". Finally, people started buying his soups even when not ill. And as time went on, people began to use the term "restaurant" to refer to the place where soup was sold rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened up in France, and people began to buy soups more regularly.Then, restaurants in Paris began to serve food other than soups. In the 1780s, menus started to appear. By the 1800s, there were many types of restaurants, and the restaurant concept was spread throughout the British Empire.A slow start gave way to rapid growth. Cities and towns around the world are filled with restaurants today. It is estimated that there are 1.6 million restaurants in Europe. InAmerica, there are nearly a half million restaurants. Today, diners have millions of choices.11. Before 1765, travelers could have meals at a<n>A. bar B. inn C. restaurant D. canteen12. The first "restaurant" only servedA. soups B. desserts C. drinks D. fruits13. The word "restorative" <Line 3, Para. 3> most probably meansA. having a special flavor B. making you happierC. having a pleasant smell D. making you healthier14. The restaurant concept started inA. America B. Britain C. Germany D. France15. The best title for this text isA. Definition of Restaurant B. Importance of RestaurantC. Origin of Restaurant D. Types of Restaurant三、概括段落大意和补全句子<第16—25题,每小题1分,共10分>阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务：<1>从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第O～⑦段每段选择1个正确的小标题；<2>从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项,分别完成每个句子.并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上. How to Perfect the Art of Public Speaking If you want to become the type of speaker you've always wanted to be, read the following suggestions.① You can't go from a nervous speaker to a star speaker overnight. You shouldn't expect to. Give yourself time to get used to a large audience. Start with smaller groups and get as much feedback as you can. Keep on practicing and developing your skills.② Be familiar with your speech materials. That doesn't mean memorizing your speech, which can lack enthusiasm and naturalness. Know your key talking points, supporting details and ways to move from one point to the next.③ Positive energy can be passed. Ifyou're excited and enthusiastic, your audience will be, too. You'll be surprised at the positive cycle that creates: An enthusiastic audience can add even more energy to you. Use hand gestures. When appropriate, smile, smile, smile.④ Find friendly, interested faces in the audience and speak to them. Look into their eyes. It helps prevent you from staring off into the distance or reading from notes. It also helps make you feel like you are talking in a conversation rather than speaking to a group.⑤ When you look great, you feel great. That makes you confident. Looking great doesn't mean wearing new clothes. It means wearing clothes and shoes you feel comfortable andappropriate to the setting. You can't go wrong with business suit. Simple is fine, but you should look clean from head to toe.Task 1Task 221. Feedback helps speakers______22. Memorizing materials may lead to______23. Hand gestures and smiles help create______24. Looking into the eyes of the audiencehelps______25. Wearing fight clothes may______四、填句补文<第26—30题,每小题2分,共10分> 下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上. Remaining Active Our body is an amazingBut if you are very active, your body will get used to the hard work, and the work will become easier for you tois why active students don't complain about being tired. They have a good night's sleep and have the energy to study hard and have fun every day. Physical activity also makes people look and feel good. Activity bumsstronger. There are many factors to look at when you select a new physical activity. The most important is tobasketball, three days of swimming, and two days of bicycling can be more fun than jogging everyactivity, feel free to do it. No one cares whether you can do it well or not, and you don't need to care about it either. Whatever activity you choose, remain active. It can make you physically fit and healthy for life. A. But you don't have to do the same thing every day. B. Different activities need different skills.C. You may prefer to participate in team activities.D. It helps the body fight off illness. 16. Paragraph ①:17. Paragraph ② :18. Paragraph ③:19. Paragraph ④:20. Paragraph ⑤:A. Be enthusiasticB. Know your materialsC. Make eye contactD. Know your audienceE. Improve graduallyF. Dress appropriately A. lack of enthusiasm B. make you look great C. a positive atmosphere D. improve their speaking skills E. stop you from reading your notes F. become a good listener五、填词补文<第31—40题,每小题1．5分,共15分>下面的短文有10处空白,短文后列出12个词,其中10个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上.Positive Attitude towards Failure I clearly remember a period duringwhich I felt like a failure. But whathe makes and think of failure. He sees it within the context of the bigger picture.A. error E. necessary I. InsteadB. use F. situations J. successC. eventually G. Firstly K. greatestD. graceful H. wrong L. look六、完形补文<第41—50题,每小题1．5分,共15分>下面的短文有10处空白,每处空白后的括号内有一个词,请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中,以恢复文章原貌,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上. Self-reliance <自立>Everyone has heard. <hear> the word "self-reliance". Emerson wrotecould write. She never asked for anyone's pity. She truly relied on herself.七、短文写作<第51题,共30分>请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务,将你的答案写在答题卡相应的位置上.51.某英文报社正在举办题为"Watching Movies at Home OT in a Cinema〞的征文活动.请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征,内容包括：●你喜欢在家还是在电影院看电影●理由是什么。
自考英语二(00015)课本真题(unit1-4)
The Power of LanguageLanguage is something that defines (define) us as humans. When language is 41 (use) well, it can bring out very deep feelings in others, and encourage others to take 42 (act). Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43 (tear) to the eyes and move us deeply. When we use language to express our true feelings to someone, it can open and 44 (deep) the connection between us. Language is a very 45 (power) tool. How we use language shapes our world. How we use self-talk 46 (direct) shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world. How we deliver 47 (communicate) shapes the way the world 48 (respond) to us. We can use language more 49 (effective). And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50 (person) relationships and business relationships.Business English HelpsEnglish plays an important role in the workplace. When it is used in the correct and proper_1_, it can help to promote a career or a business. Some may _2_or want to study business English _3_they start their careers. Those who are already working have the _4_ to see what they can and cannot do _5_ in English in their current job.Business English provides you with valuable skills needed for yourwork. For example, you will learn _6 _ to negotiate. Being able to deal with a_7_and knowing how to bargain and _8_ an agreement can make a _9_difference to the outcome.Business English learning encourages professional and efficient communication, and promotes service to customers and business partners, _10_ is a great advantage for any business.Spilt (打翻的) MilkI recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. He was asked why he was so much more creative than the average person.He responded that it all came from an experience when he was about two. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip (紧握) and it fell, spilling (打翻) the milk all over the floor.When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, or punishing him, she said, "Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge (海绵) or a towel. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.The scientist remarked that it was then that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn't work," we usually learn something valuable from it.1. This story is about a scientist who ( )A. was smarter than the average personB. achieved great success in the medical fieldC. was extraordinary when he was youngD. became well-known after an interview2. He got the milk spilt all over the kitchen floor because he ( )A. slipped and fellB. was weakC. dropped the bottleD. was naughty3. After seeing the spilt milk, his mother ( )A. encouraged him to play in the milkB. forced him to clean the kitchenC. shouted at himD. cleaned the floor herself4. The mother and the son went out in the back yard to ( )A. find a way to carry the bottleB. search for a new bottleC. fill the bottle with milkD. clean the bottle5. According to the text, mistakes give us chances to ( )A. do some experimentsB. teach a child a lessonC. know the truthD. learn something newLearning From MistakesLots of people dare not make mistakes (mistake). They fear they will be laughed at or 1 (blame)by others. They fear they will lose their money and 2 (belonging) or be under heavy stress. But risks are 3 (possible) to avoid and they do pave the way towards success. Have you ever 4 (hear) of anyone who achieves success without making any mistakes?So it is only 5 (nature) that making mistakes should be considered amust. You shouldn't worry about that as you 6 (probable) get lots of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes, you can at least distinguish between the correct and the 7 (correct) parts of what you did. Robert Stevenson once s aid:“Our business in life is not to be 8 (success), but to continue to fail in good spirits”You needn't worry about anything as long as you keep on going by 9 (wise) learning from your mistakes and 10 (try) even harder.Positive Attitude towards FailureI clearly remember a period during which I felt like a failure. But what I (1) ___ learned was that failing at one thing is not failing at all things. And, in fact, failure is a (2) ____ part of growth. Life is filled with trial and (3) ____. In order to walk the path to (4) ____, you need to make some (5) ____ turns along the way. What I learned was to "fail forward", to (6) ____ each mistake to make myself better. One of the (7) ____ problems people have with failure is that they are too quick to judge isolated (8) ___ in their lives and label them as failures. (9) ___, they need to keep the bigger picture in mind. A successful baseball player doesn't (10) ____ at a mistake he makes and think of failure. He sees it within the context of the bigger picture.Failing ForwardThere are several key abilities that allow successful people to fail forward instead of taking each setback personally. First, successful people don't blame themselves when they fail. They take 1 for each setback, but they don't take the failure personally. Second, successful people don't 2 themselves by individual failures. They 3 that each setback is a small 4 of the whole. Third achievers are 5 to vary their approaches to problems. That's important in every walk of life. If one 6 doesn't work for you, if it brings repeated failures, 7 try something else. To fail forward you must do what works for you, not 8 what works for other people. Finally, successful people are 9 . They don't let one error keep them down. They learn from their mistakes and 10 on.Loyalty found in a friends akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, your deposits 1 interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.In essence, water does seek its own level.If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, 2 I'm sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never 3 your B.L.F. to gain more friend so make yourself seem more 4 to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friends.A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will 5 your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is 6 to do on the pages of Facebook. 7 , a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My 8 to you is that you'd better pay 9 to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics,"A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend."Now, that is the undisputed 10 for my generation.Choosing FriendsIn our daily life, it's nice to have friends. While family is 1 important,friends are a different support system of your choosing. As the 2 goes,"You can't choose your family, but you can choose your friends. “Choosing them wisely can 3 your life more exciting and inspiring.Deciding whom you choose as your friends says as much about youas it does them. You may choose your friends 4 on similar interests. You may choose them because you're opposites of each other and find this interesting.Often,friends become"friends"because they are naturally attracted towards each other due to 5 personalities. Sometimes it's just circumstances that bring two individuals together who then become friends.Whatever prompts a friendship, developing one is a very 6 experience.This is especially true when, before you know it, a certain 7 turns into a unique lifelong close friendship. Again, it's been said that a person 8 has only a couple of very close friends in their life. Think of whom you 9 as truly close friends. These are those few individuals you can 10 and share deep thoughts and concerns with.Keeping Friendship AliveIt’s so easy to take good friends (friend) for granted. Like a 1 (comfort) pair of gloves, old friends wear well. But friendships that suffer from busyness and 2 (familiar) can’t afford to be neglected too long. They need to be 3 (renew). If you want and need to keep true friendship alive and 4 (health), please consider and think over a list of the most important qualities. 5 (Probable) itwill help you to understand why you and your best friend haven't 6 (call) up for ages, why you’re getting embarrassed while 7 (be) asked “Whom are yo u 8 (go) to have fun with this weekend?" You may neglect your intimate friends from time to time, but if you fail to cultivate these 9 (virtue)---loyalty, forgiveness, dedication (奉献) and 10 (honest)---you can't expect to keep true friends.Be GratefulWhether you are a waiter (wait) or a doctor, your job is about serving others and making their life better. We have all (1 )_____(have) experiences where someone (2 )______ (work) in their job has lifted us up and made a (3 )________(different) to our day or brought us down and made our day worse. We have all met (4 )______ (real) wonderful people cleaning floors. We have also met people who are not so wonderful but have (5 )_______ (amaze) jobs. So whatever you do, be grateful. This doesn't mean you have to stay in a job you don't like, but it (6 )_______(help) you develop a more positive attitude. You may not like your job, but you can enjoy being with your (7 )________(colleague). This is something to be (8 )_______ (thank) for. When you practise (9 )___________(grateful), it allows you to develop a more useful outlook and be (10 )________(happy) at your work.。
(完整word版)全国自学考试00015《英语二》(.10至2018.4)历年真题及答案全集
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题答案及评分参考第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分）1.A2.B3.C4.A5.C6.A7.B8.C9.B 10.A第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分）11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.B第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分）16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.F21.D 22.F 23.B 24.C 25.A第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分）26.F 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.D第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分）31.G 32.K 33.I 34.J 35.A36.B 37.L 38.D 39.H 40.E第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题1.5分，共15分）41.planned 42.thoughs 43.worried 44.longer45.really46.unclear 47.behviour 48.done 49.hidden 50.easily绝密★启用前2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题答案及评分参考（课程代码00015）第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）1、B2、B3、A4、C5、B6、C7、A8、A9、B 10、A第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分）16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分）26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题1.5分，共15分）31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题1.5分，共15分）41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment【评分参考】本部分无0.5分和1分的计分。
全国自学考试0015 英语(二)华夏大地教育网 考前串讲讲义
第一讲 重点知识讲解回顾unit 1T ext A What Is a Decision?T ext B Secrets of Success at an Interview重点单词和短语objective accomplish predict accomp any attain scheme skilled ar gue define interview prospect course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) mak e a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on)seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from …to … apply for (to)have no idea bring about tak e the trouble to do sth. put oneself in one ’s place to one ’s adv antage at a disadv antage ask for in hand day-to-day turn down (up, on, off, out, over , back) bother to do sth. mak e sure (of/that) as soon as aim to do sth./ aim at doing sth. in case重点、难点句子详解1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.解析：courses of action 意思是“行动方案、做事步骤”；made 是过去分词；from among 为二重介词2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making.解析：suggest 表示“认为、提出、暗示”意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示“建议”意思时，后面用虚拟语气。
00015自考英语二教程电子版
大学英语自学教程（下）01-A. What Is a Decision?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, hut since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, no decision. If no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best -- that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. An organizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. Frequently, departments or units within an organization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger organization. Called suboptimization, this is a trade-off that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. For example, the marketing manager may argue effectively for an increased advertising budget. In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.These trade-offs occur because there are many objectives that organizations wish to attainsimultaneously. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. Different managers define the same problem in different terms. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on.The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based, in part, on the values of the decision maker. Such values are personal; they are hard to understand, even by the individual, because they are so dynamic and complex. In many business situations different people's values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cause disagreement about the correctness of decisions.People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. But from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions. 01-B. Secrets of Success at an InterviewThe subject of today's talk is interviews.The key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far.Do your homework first.Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the organization you hope to work for.Many of the employers I interviewed made the same criticism of candidates. "They have no idea what the day to day work of the job brings about. They have vague notions of "furthering the company's prospects’ or of 'serving the community', but have never taken the trouble to find out the actual tasks they will be required to do.”Do not let this be said of you. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job.Take the time to put yourself into the interviewer's place. He wants somebody who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job.Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for.Write down (and remember) the questions you want to ask the interviewer(s) so that you are not speechless when they invite your questions. Make sure that holidays and pay are not the first things you ask about. If all your questions have been answered during the interview, reply: "In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all.”Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied, but do be polite.Just before you go to the interview, look again at the original advertisement that you answered,any correspondence from your prospective employer, photocopies of your letter of application or application form and your resume.Then you will remember what you said and what they want. This is very important if you have applied for many jobs in a short time as it is easy to become confused and give an impression of inefficiency.Make sure you know where and when you have to report for the interview. Go to the building (but not inside the office) a day or two before, if necessary, to find out how long the journey takes and where exactly the place is.Aim to arrive five or ten minutes early for the actual interview, then you will have a little time in hand and you will not panic if you are delayed. You start at a disadvantage if you arrive worried and ten minutes late.Dress in clean, neat, conservative clothes. Now is NOT the time to experiment with the punk look or (girls) to wear low-cut dresses with miniskirts. Make sure that your shoes, hands and hair (and teeth) are clean and neat.Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty in communication.You may find yourself facing one interviewer or a panel. The latter is far more intimidating, but do not let it worry you too much. The interviewer will probably have a table in front of him/her. Do not put your things or arms on it.If you have a bag or a case, put it on the floor beside your chair. Do not clutch it nervously or, worse still, drop it, spilling everything.Shake hands if the interviewer offers his hand first. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go though the process of all shaking hands with you in turn. So you do not be upset if no one offers.Shake hands firmly -- a weak hand suggests a weak personality, and a crushing grip is obviously painful. Do not drop the hand as soon as yours has touched it as this will seem to show you do not like the other person.Speak politely and naturally even if you are feeling shy. Think before you answer any questions. If you cannot understand, ask: "Would you mind rephrasing the question, please?" The question will then be repeated in different words.If you are not definitely accepted or turned down on the spot, ask: "When may I expect to hear the results of this interview?"If you do receive a letter offering you the job, you must reply by letter (keep a photocopy) as soon as possible.Good luck!02-A. Black HolesWhat is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers andscientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing ) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape ?not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space -- or so we think. How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star -- a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes,The most convincing evidence of black holes comes frown research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them. are endless. There might bea massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.02-B. Worlds within WorldsFirst of all let us consider the earth (that is to say, the world) as a planet revolving round the sun. The earth is one of nine planets which move in orbit round the sun. These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar system. How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery but astronomers tell us that it is only one of millions of similar systems in space, and one of the smallest.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more or less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them. About our own solar system, however, we are learning more every day.Before the American and Russian astronauts made their thrilling journeys into outer space it was difficult for us to realise what our earth looked like from hundreds of thousands of miles away, but the photographs which the astronauts were able to take show us the earth in space looking not very different from what the moon looks like when we look at it from the earth. The earth is, however, very different from the moon, which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation, whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect. The moon, by the way, is called a satellite because it goes round our earth as well as round the sun. In other words, it goes round the sun with our earth.The surface of our earth is covered by masses of land and larger areas of water. Let us consider the water areas first. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. The very large separate areas of water are called "oceans” and the lesser areas are called "seas.”In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction -- that is to say, from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned. The water which is flowing in this manner is said to be moving as a "current." There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas, but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance. These currents are important because they affect the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscopic animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes.The nature and characteristics of the surface of the land areas of the earth vary a great deal from area to area and from place to place. The surface of some areas consists largely of high mountains and deep valleys whilst, in other areas, most of the surface consists of plains. If onemade a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, plateaux, deserts, tropical forestlands and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.When thinking and learning about the world we should not forget that our world is the home of a very great many different people -- peoples with different coloured skins, living very different lives and having very different ideas about a great many important things such as religion, government, education and social behaviour.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands. Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live. It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.03-A. Euthanasia: For and Against"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ... we mustn't delay any longer.”These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor, explains how he looks at the question:"Well, it's not as if I'm planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much. Th at's a very different thing.”Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organisation Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vast majorityof euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family -- there's nearly always another question behind the question.”Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices -- special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: "It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.”Many find this prohibition of an individual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: "What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?But "why not?" is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.03-B. Advantage UnfairAccording to the writer Walter Ellis, author of a book called the Oxbridge Conspiracy, Britain is still dominated by the old-boy network: it isn't what you know that matters, but who you know. He claims that at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (Oxbridge for short) a few select people start on an escalator ride which, over the years, carries them to the tops of British privilege and power. His research revealed that the top professions all continue to be dominated, if not 90 per cent, then 60 or 65 per cent, by Oxbridge graduates.And yet, says Ellis, Oxbridge graduates make up only two per cent of the total number of students who graduate from Britain's universities. Other researches also seem to support his belief that Oxbridge graduates start with an unfair advantage in the employment market. In the law, a recently published report showed that out of 26 senior judges appointed to the High Court last year, all of them went to private schools and 21 of them went to Oxbridge.But can this be said to amount to a conspiracy? Not according to Dr. John Rae, a former headmaster of one of Britain's leading private schools, Westminster:"I would accept that there was a bias in some key areas of British life, but that bias has now gone. Some time ago -- in the 60s and before ?entry to Oxford and Cambridge was not entirely onmerit. Now, there's absolutely no question in any objective observer's mind that, entry to Oxford and Cambridge is fiercely competitive."However, many would disagree with this. For, although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state schools, over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private, or "public" schools. Is this because pupils from Britain's private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools, or are they simply better prepared?On average, about $ 5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils. So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools when they have far fewer resources? And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University, which requires extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term?Until recently, many blamed Oxford for this bias because of the university's special entrance exam (Cambridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986). But last February, Oxford University decided to abolish the exam to encourage more state school applicants. From autumn 1996, Oxford University applicants, like applicants to other universities, will be judged only on their A level results and on their performance at interviews, although some departments might still set special tests.However, some argue that there's nothing wrong in having elite places of learning, and that by their very nature, these places should not be easily accessible. Most countries are run by an elite and have centres of academic excellence from which the elite are recruited. Walter Ellis accepts that this is true:"But in France, for example, there are something like 40 equivalents of university, which provide this elite through a much broader base. In America you've got the Ivy League, centred on Harvard and Yale, with Princeton and Stanford and others. But again, those universities together -- the elite universities -- are about ten or fifteen in number, and are being pushed along from behind by other great universities like, for example, Chicago and Berkeley. So you don't have just this narrow concentration of two universities providing a constantly replicating elite.”When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist because of the number of private school pupils they accept, Professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore:"If certain schools do better than others then we just have to accept it. We cannot be a place for remedial education. It's not what Oxford is there to do.”However, since academic excellence does appear to be related to the amount of money spent per pupil, this does seem to imply that Prime Minister John Major's vision of Britain as a classless society is still a long way off. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn't himself go to Oxbridge, most of his ministers did.04-A. Slavery on Our DoorstepThere are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (theexact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics). Usually, they have been brought over by foreign businessmen, diplomats or Britons returning from abroad. Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain.The abuse can take several forms. Often the domestics are not allowed to go out, and they do not receive any payment. They can be physically, sexually and psychologically abused. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or "escaping" virtually impossible.The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicised cases. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London:"I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989. I was supposed to be paid $ 120 but I never received that amount. They always threatened that they would send me back to my country.”Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka. The main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked:"No days off -- ever, no breaks at all, no proper food. I didn't have my own room; I slept on a shelf with a spad0 of only three feet above me. I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody. I wasn't even allowed to open the window. My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.”At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers. This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and, understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job (of which the employees should see a copy).However, many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse. For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer. (They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.) So if they do complain, they risk being deported.Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the。
高等教育自学考试英语(二)0015精排Word版
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国一致命题考试英语（二）试卷( 课程代码 00015)本试卷共 8 页，满分 100 分，考试时间 150 分钟 ? 考生答卷前一定将自己的姓名和准考据号写在答题卡上。
一定在理睬卡上答 ,写在试卷上的答案无效。
第一部分：阅读判断（第 1? 10 题 ,每题 1 分，共 10 分）下边的短文后列出了 10 个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：假如该句供给的是正确信息，选择 A; 假如该句供给的错误信息，选择 B;假如该句的信息文中没有说起，迭择 C，在答题卡相应地点大将答案选项涂黑。
The British SummerBritain is well known for its rainy climate. People joke that even inthe summer time the country never gets any sun and that the skies stay disappointingly grey even during the months of July and August.Last summer though, it was So hot that people could hardly believe it. British people weren't used to such high temperatures, so every day onthe news there were stories about people struggling to work in suchunusual weather conditions. Radio and television programmers alsoreminded everyone to drink more water and not to stay too long in thesun. When the sun comes out, British people tend to spend time in theirgarden if they have one. lt's common to invite friends and neighboursaround for a barbecue where everyone sits outside and eats food likegrilled meat (烤肉) and salads. There' s always a back-up plan in case ofrain though, and the meal sometimes has to be cooked in thekitchen and eaten indoors.People also spend a lot of time in parks during the summer, having picnics or playing sports. In every green area, there's always at least one ice cream van, a kind of car that plays children's music and sells ice creams.Towns like Blackpool and Brighton are popular for their beaches and amusement arcades ( 游玩场 ) . People go there to swim, sunbathe and eat fish and chips. The water can be quite cold, though, and that's why quitea lot of people prefer to go abroad for their summer holiday instead. Popular destinations include Spain, Germany and France: allcountries that promise a lot of sunshine!1.There is little sunshine in Britain in summer.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.British people like to tell jokes about each other.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3.It was unusually hot last summer in Britain.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not Given4.British people enjoyed the high temperatures of last summer.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5.The media advised people to enjoy the sunshine.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Most British people have a garden of their own.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7.People having a barbecue often have a plan against the rain.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8.Children like the music from the ice cream vans.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9. Blackpool and Brighton are known for their beaches.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10. People go to Spain in summer to enjoy the cooler sea water.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第 11 ? 15 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）阅读下边短文，请从短文后所铪各题的 4 个选项（ A、B、C、D)中选出 1个最正确选项，并在答题卡相应地点大将该项涂黑。
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2016年10月自考英语二试卷（0015）一、阅读判断(第1—10题，每小题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Being "Cool" in Middle SchoolA new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the "cool" kids will.The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having "cool" behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as "cool" and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool" kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool.They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships.The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called "cool" behavior is a predictor (预示) of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drag and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friends, that is not a cause for concern. Many "uncool" kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do.1. Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. "Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. "Uncool" kids are more likely to commit crimes.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. "Cool" kids have better life skills than "uncool" kids.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. "Uncool" kids spend most of their time studying.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. The study followed the students for a decade.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. "Cool" kids marry earlier than "uncool" kids.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Parents needn't worry if their kids are "uncool".A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. "Cool" kids remain popular all their lives.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given二、阅读选择(第11-15题，每小题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
It is estimated that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants as we know have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. There was nowhere in which a server brought you food and drink that you chose from amenu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.There were places where travelers could eat centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were bars where one could get a drink. The rich could also eat meals supplied by private cooks. But there was nothing that could be called a "restaurant".A Frenchman changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Pads that sold soups. On his sign, he used the term "restaurants" to describe what he was selling. Soups were considered "restorative", so he called them "restaurants". Finally, people started buying his soups even when not ill. And as time went on, people began to use the term "restaurant" to refer to the place where soup was sold rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened up in France, and people began to buy soups more regularly.Then, restaurants in Paris began to serve food other than soups. In the 1780s, menus started to appear. By the 1800s, there were many types of restaurants, and the restaurant concept was spread throughout the British Empire.A slow start gave way to rapid growth. Cities and towns around the world are filled with restaurants today. It is estimated that there are 1.6 million restaurants in Europe. In America, there are nearly a half million restaurants. Today, diners have millions of choices.11. Before 1765, travelers could have meals at a(n)A. barB. innC. restaurantD. canteen12. The first "restaurant" only servedA. soupsB. dessertsC. drinksD. fruits13. The word "restorative" (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably meansA. having a special flavorB. making you happierC. having a pleasant smellD. making you healthier14. The restaurant concept started inA. AmericaB. BritainC. GermanyD. France15. The best title for this text isA. Definition of RestaurantB. Importance of RestaurantC. Origin of RestaurantD. Types of Restaurant三、概括段落大意和补全句子(第16—25题，每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第O～⑦段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。