广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件9

Comparisons in C & E
4. Comparison of preference 择比句式 eg. It is better to be clothed in rags than to be clothed with shame. 宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。

Comparisons in C &amquestion probably more frequently asked than any others in connection with our product. 这个是人们可能最经常问到的与我们产品有 关的问题。 （这个是比别的问题更经常被问到的与我们 产品有关的问题。） 2. The obstacles and barriers that stood in the way were formidable – foremost being the psychological barriers. 前进道路上最大的障碍是心理障碍。 （前进道路上存在的障碍很艰难，最突出的 就是心理的障碍。）
Examples Analysis
我们可以看到，美国的财政部、商业部等，它们 对中美关系的关心程度现在比过去大得多了，他 们在中美关系方面发挥了比较积极的作用。 We can see that many US departments, such as the Treasury and Department of Commerce are now showing greater interest/are now much more interested in Sino-US relations than before. They have played quite a positive role in Sino-US relations.

Examples Analysis
我打个比方，入世对中国就像跳高。有 一个一米的小孩子，你要让他跳两米的 高度，这是不可能的。 Let’s draw an analogy, accession to the WTO is like a high jump to China. There is a one-metre child and you want him to jump two metres. That is impossible.
5. Comparison of contrast 对照句式 eg. If you know not me, you know nobody. 其实地上本没有路，走的人多了，也 便成了路。——鲁迅《故乡》

Comparisons in C & E
6. Comparison of gradation 渐次句式 eg. The better one understands cultural differences, the better one can cope with his interpreting tasks. 错综复杂的国际环境，令国家关系变 得越来越脆弱、越来越微妙。

Examples Analysis
特别是随着中国现在改革越来越深化， 美国向中国的出口也会很快增长，今年 就比去年增加很多。 Particularly, with the continuous furthering of China’s reform, US export to China will grow very fast. This year’s export to China increased faster than last year.

Examples Analysis
我们可以看到美国的外交和对待中国的态度比 过去的意识形态考虑要少一些。 We can see that the US considers less ideological factors when deciding its policies of and attitudes towards China. We can see that ideology is less of a concern in America’s policies of and attitudes towards China. We can see that US diplomacy and its attitude to China are no longer solely based on ideology.

Some Differences to Note
1. Chinese comparisons mainly resort to vocabulary means. English comparisons mainly resort to grammatical means.


2. Degree and focus of comparison very often cannot match.

Comparisons in C & E
1. Comparison of equality 平比句式 eg. Today some countries find themselves fighting internal wars as desperately and real as the world wars in the first half of last century. 在全球化趋势日益显著的时代，中国 的发展离不开世界的稳定，就好像鱼离 不开水一样。
Session 9 两种特殊句式
Analyze 2 Sentence Patterns

1.比较句式 (Comparison) 2.否定句式 (Negation)

Words of Comparison in Chinese
1.差比副词－更、还、愈、益(发)、甚(于) 2.极比副词－最、至、极、绝、太、特、 挺、非常、特别、最为、顶 3.差比形容词－次(于)、优(于) 4.比较动词－比、像、似、好比、胜过、 超过、赛过、强于、等于、相当于、不如 5.比较结构－跟(和/与/同)……一样(差不 多)、就像(跟/和)……一样(似的)、有…… 那么/这么、比……(更/还)、与其……宁 可、为……最……

Comparisons in C & E
NB: (1) relative adjectives and adverbs of time, place eg. wooden, ending, very, ago, above, where (2) superlative adjectives eg. excellent, marvelous, foremost, top
Comparisons in C & E
Things to be compared: feature, condition, range, degree, quantity, time, frequency, proportion, size

Categories of comparison: 相似、类似、近似、不如、胜过、极比等

Comparisons in C & E
3. Comparison of extremity 极比句式 eg. He always encouraged his subordinates to find the clearest and simplest route to an answer. 我认为，加强我们双方公司在未来的 密切合作是最为明智的做法。
Nothing is more harmful to the peaceful settlement of the dispute than his illtimed statement. 对于冲突的解决，最有害的就是他这篇 不合时宜的讲话。

Examples Analysis
The air of lowlands is not so cool as that of hills. 低地的空气比山上的空气要暖和一些。

Examples Analysis
就拿贸易来讲，如果认真算一下帐，虽 然说我们增长得比较快，但是实际上和 美国来讲的话差得也还远得很。 Take trade as an example, our growth is fast, but the volume is much smaller than that of the US, if we are careful in our calculation.

Examples Analysis
香港和台湾对美国的依赖程度减少了，而把担 子转嫁到中国大陆来了，因此就出现了大陆和 美国之间的贸易不平衡。 Hong Kong and Taiwan’s reliance on the United States has decreased and they have shifted their burden to China’s mainland, resulting in the trade imbalance between China’s mainland and the US. Hong Kong and Taiwan are now less dependent on the United States and shifted their burden to China’s mainland. That’s why trade imbalance appears between the United States and China’s mainland.

Words of Comparison in English





1.异根形式，eg. good-better-best 2.屈折形式，eg. long-longer-the longest early-earlier-the earliest 3.辅助形式 比较连词，eg. than, as 比较介词，eg. from, to, of 比较结构，eg. as…as, so…as, no…than, not so…as, more than…, the…the, more and more, none the…, same…as