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九年级下册英语(人教新目标)教材全析(Unit1 How do you study for a test)

［教材全析］友情提示SECTION ALanguage Goal:Talk about how to study语言目标：谈论怎样学习1a Check (√) the ways you study for an English test.Then add other ways you use sometimes.在你备考英语的学习方式上打√,然后再加上你有时运用的其他方式。

other adj.其他的Do you know the other ways？你还知道其他的方法吗？His other books are still in his bag.他的其他的书仍然在他书包里。

还可用作代词，意为“他人,另外一个”。

Let others help him.让其他人帮助他。

—by working with friends—by listening to cassettes—by making flashcards—by asking the teacher for help—by reading the textbook—________—by making vocabulary lists—________1b Listen.How do these students study for a test?Write letters from the picture above.听，这些学生是怎样备考的？并把上面图画中的字母写在下面。

1asometimes adv、有时（常用在一般现在时态中）与some time,some times和sometime的辨析：some time 一段时间some times几次sometime指过去和将来的某个时间ask for要求；请求；找（人）1c PAIRWORK结对练习Ask your partner how he or she studies for a test. 问问你的同伴他（她）是怎样备考的。

英语初级听力材料《A minute 一分钟英文》(100课时)

《一分钟英文》一分钟的英语听力，每天根据一个单词，听一段美文，加强词汇，练听力，一举夺得。

目录第1课:一分钟英文：Avatars-阿凡达第2课:一分钟英文：Autumn-秋天第3课:一分钟英文：Art-艺术第4课:一分钟英文：Apartments-公寓第5课:一分钟英文：Anti-aging Creams-减龄面霜第6课:一分钟英文：Animals-动物第7课:一分钟英文：Aliens-外星人第8课:一分钟英文：Alcohol-酒第9课:一分钟英文：Airports-机场第10课:一分钟英文：Airplanes-飞机第11课:一分钟英文：Advice-建议第12课:一分钟英文：Advertising-广告第13课:一分钟英文：Actors-演员第14课:一分钟英文：Accid ents-事故第15课:一分钟英文：Bl ood-血液第16课:一分钟英文：Birthdays-生日第17课:一分钟英文：Being Singl e-单身第18课:一分钟英文：Being Married-结婚第19课:一分钟英文：Being Afraid-害怕第20课:一分钟英文：Beauty-美丽第21课:一分钟英文：Baths-淋浴第22课:一分钟英文：Banks-银行第23课:一分钟英文：Bad Habits-坏习惯第24课:一分钟英文：Babysitting-照顾婴儿第25课:一分钟英文：Cyber Crime-电脑犯罪第26课:一分钟英文：Cyber-bullying-网霸第27课:一分钟英文：Current Events-时事第28课:一分钟英文：Culture——文化第29课:一分钟英文：Crime-犯罪第30课:一分钟英文：Credit Cards-信用卡第31课:一分钟英文：Cosmetics-化妆品第32课:一分钟英文：Cosmetic Surgery-整容手术第33课:一分钟英文：Computers-电脑第34课:一分钟英文：Coffee-咖啡第35课:一分钟英文：Cl othes-衣服第36课:一分钟英文：Climate Change-气候变化第37课:一分钟英文：Christmas-圣诞节第38课:一分钟英文：Chocolate-巧克力第39课:一分钟英文：Chil dren-孩子第40课:一分钟英文：Chickens-鸡肉第41课:一分钟英文：Cars-汽车第42课:一分钟英文：Careers-职业第43课:一分钟英文：Carbon Footprint-碳排放第44课:一分钟英文：Calories-卡路里第45课:一分钟英文：dancing-跳舞第46课:一分钟英文：Danger-危险第47课:一分钟英文：Death-死亡第48课:一分钟英文：Dentists-牙医第49课:一分钟英文：Diamonds-钻石第50课:一分钟英文：Digital Cameras-数码相机第51课:一分钟英文：Directions-方向第52课:一分钟英文：Disability-残疾第53课:一分钟英文：Discrimination-辨别第54课:一分钟英文：Diseases-疾病第55课:一分钟英文：Divorce-离婚第56课:一分钟英文：Doctors-医生第57课:一分钟英文：Dogs-狗第58课:一分钟英文：Dreams-梦想第59课:一分钟英文：Driving-驱动第60课:一分钟英文：Drugs-药物第61课:一分钟英文：Eating-进食第62课:一分钟英文：Education-教育第63课:一分钟英文：Eggs-鸡蛋第64课:一分钟英文：El ectricity-电第65课:一分钟英文：E-Mail-电子邮件第66课:一分钟英文：Emergencies-紧急事件第67课:一分钟英文：Energy-能量第68课:一分钟英文：English-英语第69课:一分钟英文：Evolution-进化第70课:一分钟英文：Exercise-运动第71课:一分钟英文：Factories-工厂第72课:一分钟英文：Family-家庭第73课:一分钟英文：Famine-饥荒第74课:一分钟英文：Fashion-时尚第75课:一分钟英文：Fast Food-快餐第76课:一分钟英文：Fear-害怕第77课:一分钟英文：Feet-脚第78课:一分钟英文：First Impressions-第一印象第79课:一分钟英文：Fish-鱼第80课:一分钟英文：Fishing-钓鱼第81课:一分钟英文：Fl owers-花第82课:一分钟英文：Flying-飞行第83课:一分钟英文：Food-食物第84课:一分钟英文：Food Safety-食品安全第85课:一分钟英文：Football-足球第86课:一分钟英文：Formula One-一级方程式第87课:一分钟英文：Four Seasons-四季第88课:一分钟英文：Freed om-自由第89课:一分钟英文：French Fries-炸薯条第90课:一分钟英文：Friends-朋友第91课:一分钟英文：Frustration-挫折感第92课:一分钟英文：Fun-乐趣第93课:一分钟英文：Funerals-葬礼第94课:一分钟英文：Furniture-家具第95课:一分钟英文：Gambling-赌博第96课:一分钟英文：Gangs-帮派第97课:一分钟英文：Gangsters-歹徒第98课:一分钟英文：Gard ening-园艺第99课:一分钟英文：Gard ens-花园第100课:一分钟英文：Genetic Engineering-基因工程具体内容第1课:一分钟英文：Avatars-阿凡达Most people know the word 'avatar'. Perhaps we all saw the movie with the same name. Avatars are becoming a normal part of our life. Well... I should say our online life. Almosteverywhere you go on theInternet you see avatars. Sometimes it's awebsite asking you to make an avatar, and other times it's peopl e's real avatars. Do you have one? Or two, or three? I see a lot of avatars that are kind of cute and look likeJapanese anime. One of the most popular things is to choose an animal as an avatar. I always take a long time to choose my avatar. It's important to make one I really like. It has to be funny. I also like avatars that move. All of the best avatars I've seen move. They are usually very funny, and clever.第2课:一分钟英文：Autumn-秋天Autumn is such a cool time of the year. Of course it is cool because thetemperatures drop after summer. But it is also cool because it’s such a great time of the year. I love the changing of the leaves. The different autumn colours are one of nature’s most beautiful scenes. Sometimes I can’t stop looking at the mountains near my house. They are like an artist’s palette of gol ds, reds, yellows,browns and other autumnal colours. In America they call autumn ‘fall’ because that is when the leaves fall from the trees. I like the coolness of autumn. Summer is over but you can still wear a T-shirt – just about. You can also spend hoursoutdoors without sweating. Autumn is the best time of the year to go hiking and go for long walks.第3课:一分钟英文：Art-艺术I’m a great art lover. I look at beautiful paintings and sculptures and wish I could be artistic. I can’t draw or paint to save my life. I wonder why some people are so talented and can create amazing pictures, when other people, like me, can’t even draw good matchstick figures. I would like to fill my house with art from all over the world. It’s interesting to see how different cultures have different kinds of art. There’s nothing better than visiting art gall eries when you go to another country. I prefer more traditional art. I don’t really und erstand a lot of modern art. I look at an exhibit of a pile of bricks in a museum but can’t see how it’s art. I always laugh when my chil dren say, “Daddy, I can do better than that!” I often think they can.第4课:一分钟英文：Apartments-公寓In the USA, they’re called apartments; in the UK they’re called flats. They are a modern invention. I don’t particularly like them. I don’t think it’s good for so many people to live so close together. It’s not good for people to live on top of each other. I don’t und erstand how people can live above the second floor. It’s not natural to live in the sky. The thing I hate most about apartments are the lifts (Americans sayelevator) and the fact there’s no garden. More and more people are moving into apartments. This creates problems with overcrowding. There aren’t enough spaces to park your car, there’s nowhere to throw your rubbish and you have to wait ages to reach your floor. Give me a little house with a little garden any day.第5课:一分钟英文：Anti-aging Creams-减龄面霜The other day I saw an advert on the Internet asking for volunteers to test a new skin cream. It was an anti-aging product. How is it possible for a cream or l otion to stop us looking old? I don't think any skincare goods can make us look younger. I certainly don't believe cosmetics companies that say their expensive creams can remove wrinkles. They just want to make lots of money. Why do people believe them? How do they know their creams work? They did not test their products on thousands of people over 50 years. I think if a person uses an anti-aging cream for 50 years, they woul d not even l ook a year younger when they are 60. This means it's a huge waste of money. Only healthy living can keep us l ooking younger.第6课:一分钟英文：Animals-动物I’m a real animal lover. I’m fascinated by the whole animal kingdom. Iloved animals when I was a kid. I used to read every book I could find on animals. I knew all the different animal species. The most exciting thing for me was going to the zoo. I would spend hours just watching the animals walk around, sit, or even sleep. When I was old er, I went on a safari to Tanzania. I saw real wild animals in the wild. Everyone should do this once in their lives. Looking at animals in their natural habitat is a real honour. Now I’m worried about the future of many animals. Some of my favourite animals are in danger of dying out. We really need to change our lifestyle so our chil dren can have the chance of seeing animals in the wild.第7课:一分钟英文：Aliens-外星人There are aliens out there, somewhere. I strongly believe this. Not sure what they look like, though. I really doubt they are green, like they are in science fiction movies. I also don’t think they l ook like us. But I’m sure they exist. I just don’t think we’ll ever see any or find any. They live too far away. If you think about it logically, there has to be aliens out there. All a planet needs is to be warm and have water and life will exist. There are billions and billions of planets in the universe, so there are probably millions and millions that have life. Alien life. It’s also likely that some of the aliens are much more intelligent thanwe are. I wonder what we’d do if really intelligent aliens visited Earth. What would we ask them?第8课:一分钟英文：Alcohol-酒I hate al cohol. I really don’t und erstand how or why people drink it. The smell of al cohol on people’s breath is disgusting. It’s expensive and it gives you a bad headache. I drank when I was much younger, but I haven’t touched a drop for years. I hated hangovers so I decided to stop drinking altogether. I have a much better time without al cohol. people say they need to drink to relax. They drink and just act and look stupid. Their face goes red and they can’t walk in a straight line. Alcohol is also the most damaging drug in society. That’s what I think, anyway. Alcohol causes many illnesses, traffic accidents, fights and domestic violence. If you banned al cohol, people woul d be healthier, richer and have a better family life.第9课:一分钟英文：Airports-机场Aren’t airports strange places? There’s so much happening in them. People coming, people going; people crying with sadness because they’re going away, people crying with joy because they’ve arrived. Big airports are almost like small towns. It seems like you walk acrossa town by the time you check in and get to your departure gate. The thing I like most about airports is peopl e watching. There are people from all over the world. I also like how everything fits and works together. You check your luggage in and then it disappears, before you see it again at the next airport. I still think airports need improving. There’s not a lot to do there. Airports really need to have a n entertainment area so people can kill time.第10课:一分钟英文：Airplanes-飞机Airplanes are amazing. How d oes something so big and heavy get off the ground? I’m alwaysamazed at how the millions of different parts work together. Travelling by airplane is always a wonderful experience. I don’t care whether economy class is cramped and has no space. I like playing with the in-flight entertainment system, especially now they have all the latest movies. I also love airplane food. Many of my friends say it’s disgusting, but I love it. I often ask the passenger next to me if I can have the dessert or roll they don’t want. The only thing I don’t like about planes is turbul ence. When the airplane hits those air pockets, I always worry we’ll crash. But I once read that turbulence has never caused an airplane to crash.第11课:一分钟英文：Advice-建议I don’t know what I would do without my friends’ advice. They’ve all given me so much good advice over the years. It’s sometimes very difficult to make decisions on your own. Listening to advice can be great for helping you make the right decision. The greatest piece of advice I’ve received was from my father. He told me I can do anything in life if I try hard. He was right. I am now passing on his advice to my own chil dren. Right now I need some advice on money. Myfinancial advisors are telling me to be very careful. That’s very sound advice. I wouldadvise anyone to do the same. Someone asked me the other day about the worst piece of advice I’ve ever had. I coul dn’t answer. I don’t think I’v e had any really bad advice.第12课:一分钟英文：Advertising-广告What is advertising? Is it telling the truth or is it making things l ook better than they really are? Or is it lying? Companies pay a l ot of money for adverts. Some of the ads you see inglossy magazines look like art. The commercials on TV look like mini movies. Do they really change our behaviour? Do adverts make you buy things? I think some advertising is a form of lying. Is BMW really “The ultimate driving machine” like they say in their ads? Britis hAirways used to say theywere “The world’s favourite airline,” but had to stop saying it because it wasn’t true. Personally, I get tired of watching ads on television. They always interrupt a good programme. I like ads in magazines. They’re usually quite interesting.第13课:一分钟英文：Actors-演员Being an actor must be great. I really wish I could act. I’d love to have the confidence to act in front of people. Being a member of the audience at the theatre is great, but acting on stage is better. I wonder what it’s like to be a movie actor. I think you need to be beautiful or handsome to be a successful Hollywood or Bollywood actor. They all look great. Actors are very lucky. They get paid huge amounts of money to do what they love doing. My favourite actors are all dead now. I really like the actors in the old black and white movies. They all looked so cool. Actors in the old days seemed to be more glamorous than today’s actors. The best thing about being an actor is that all of your friends are famous too.第14课:一分钟英文：Accidents-事故I wonder how many accidents I’ve had in my life. I’ve had a few serious ones where I’ve ended up in hospital. Traffic accidents are the worst.They’re always painful. I haven’t had too many work-related accidents.I suppose that’s because I do office work and that’s not so dangerous. Most of my accidents are those around the house. I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve hit my thumb with a hammer. I’m also really good at standing up and hitting my head on something. I’m not as b ad as my friend though. He’s a real accident looking for somewhere to happen. Almost every time we meet, he has some story to tell about his latest accident. He’s quite unbelievable. I think I’d be very worried if I were his mother.第15课:一分钟英文：Bl ood-血液I hate the sight of blood. Looking at it makes me go all weak at the knees. I can’t even look at my own bl ood. I don’t know why. The thing I hate most is giving blood for a medical check. I fainted once after I saw my blood in a small bottle. If I have a nose bleed, I have to sit down for 30 minutes before I feel better. It’s impossible for me to watch operations on TV. I wish I could donate blood to others. I can’t. I know giving bl ood is really important, but I’m not brave enough. One thing about blood I do find interesting is blood types. I think your bl ood type can affect your personality. I know that in some countries, people with blood type A would not be a good romantic match for someone withblood type O.第16课:一分钟英文：Birthdays-生日Birthdays are brilliant. I’m 62 years old and I still love them. I don’t think I’ve ever had a bad birthday. In fact, I think birthdays get better and better the older you become. Sure, kids love birthdays because they get presents and get to eat cake. But when you get older, birthdays make you feel special. It’s your special day. Even if no one wishes you a happy birthday, it’s still your special day. A lot of my friends think I’m mad. Theyhate their birthdays because it means they’re another year older. I hope I get tocelebrate my hundredth birthday. I’m not sure if I can blow out 100 candles though. When I look back at all my birthdays, it’s difficult to choose the best. I’ll just say my last birthday is always the best one.第17课:一分钟英文：Being Single-单身Being single has its advantages and disadvantages. I think it’s better to stay single when you’re young. You need to live and have fun. You also need the freed om to do what you want, when you want. Being single in your twenties gives you l ots of time to go travelling, see the world and experience different things. Most people like being singl e in theirtwenties and then want tosettle down in their thirties. I think being single later in life can be sad. All of your friends are married or attached and peopl e tend to go out and party less. I think being single when you’re old would be very lonely. The longer you stay single, the harder it becomes to settl e down. In some countries, people think you’re strange if you’re single later on in life.第18课:一分钟英文：Being Married-结婚Getting married is one of the happiest days of anyone’s life. Being married is also full of happiness, but there are also many difficulties. It isn’t always easy to be married. You have to put up with your spouse’s bad habits and moods forever. You have to negotiate andcompromise on many things from who’s first in the bathroom in the mornings to where you go on vacation. Of course, being married also has many wonderful sides to it. You have a lifelong friend who will love you forever. You share many wonderful times together and support each other through good and bad times. And you grow old together and look back on years of happy memories. I think being married is great for your soul.第19课:一分钟英文：Being Afraid-害怕An American presid ent once said the only thing you have to fear is fear itself. Can’t remember which President, but never mind. I think that’s an interesting quote. It’s so true, most of the time. We all spend a lot of time worried or afraid that something bad will happen, and then nothing happens. It is the fear that frightens us, not the thing that might or might not happen. And then there are phobias. Millions of people are afraid of something that the rest of the world thinks is quite normal. How can you be afraid of things like peanut butter? There’s actually a fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of your mouth. Amazing. Fear is sometimes good. It makes us al ert and can keep us safe in a dangerous situation.第20课:一分钟英文：Beauty-美丽People say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. That means if someone thinks someone else is beautiful, then they are beautiful. I think the id ea of beauty is interesting. Why do we think some things or some people are beautiful and others aren’t? Some peopl e think a buil ding is beautiful, while others think the opposite. People nowadays spend too much time and money on beauty. I agree with the expression, “beauty is only skin deep”. This means that what’s really important is some one’s heart and character, not what they look likeon the outside. It’s a little strange, and unfair, that you have to be beautiful to be a top actress or even a news read er on TV. I think there should be equal rights for most of us “non-beautiful” peopl e.第21课:一分钟英文：Baths-淋浴One of my favourite times of the day is bath time. I absolutely love taking a bath. Baths are so much better than showers. Having a bath is the most relaxing thing. There’s nothing better in life than sinking into a hot bath and l etting the water take away my troubles. A bath really makes you feel great. I especially like taking a bath before going to bed. Bath time is pretty much the only time of the day when you can really pamper yourself. It also means a l ot of quality time to yours elf. It’s perfect for listening to music and reading a good book. The only thing I don’t like about bath time is when I fall asleep and the water goes cold. Or even worse –when you want a bath and there’s no hot water.第22课:一分钟英文：Banks-银行I’m not the world’s biggest fan of banks. I’ve had too many bad experiences of them. I really don’t know how they can advertise and say they look after you. They don’t. Bank charges are way too high; you spend ages waiting to be served; and then they say no if you wanta loan. The bank I bank with makes dozens of mistakes with my account. The thing they’re best at is making excuses. I’m not at all surprised so many banks did badly in the credit crisis. I hope they change. Bankers get far too much money. All they do is desk work. Banks need to focus a lot more on real customer service. At the moment banks only offer an excuse for customer service. They don’t even offer you a drink when you sit down and open an account.第23课:一分钟英文：Bad Habits-坏习惯What are your bad habits? I think everyone has bad habits. Not everyone agrees on what bad habits are. Some smokers don’t think smoking is a bad habit. Young people don’t think listening to loud music on the train is a bad habit. In Japan, slurping your noodles is a sign that you enjoy your food, but making a noise while eating in England is not good. Have you ever tried to break your bad habits? I have quit smoking and have stopped leaving things laying around the house. I wish other people would stop their bad habits. I get annoyed when people are late for meetings or talk loudly on their phones in public. I also think many motorists need to think about their driving habits. Perhaps I should point out their bad habits.第24课:一分钟英文：Babysitting-照顾婴儿I loved babysitting when I was younger. It was a really easy way to make money. All I had to do was sit in my neighbour’s house and look after the kids. That was the easy bit, because the kids were usually asleep in bed. The parents would give me a lot of money for watching DVDs and eating snacks. When I was even younger, I liked it when my babysitter came round. She would always play games with us and let us stay up late. She would send us to bed just before my parents came home. I know in some countries, babysitting isn’t so common. It isn’t part of the culture. I suppose that’s not such a bad thing. I read a lot in the papers nowadays about babysitters hitting the chil dren because they don’t sleep. That’s really bad.第25课:一分钟英文：Cyber Crime-电脑犯罪I don’t think people und erstand cyber-crime. It’s only just started. In the future, it’s going to be a huge problem. There have already been a few amazing examples. A few years ago the whole Internet in Latvia was attacked by another country. Cyberspace has become a new battleground. Countries spy on each other. If there’s a war, it’s possible one country could attack the other country’s Internet. This woul d mean all communication, transport, etc would stop. It would causehuge damage to hospitals and other important buildings. But cyber-crime is happening today to ordinary people. Have you ever heard of phishing? That’s with a ‘ph’ not ‘f’. You really need to be very careful about what information you put online.第26课:一分钟英文：Cyber-bullying-网霸The Internet can be a scary place these days, especially because of cyber-bullying. It’s difficult to open a newspaper these days and not see a story about this. It’s a really nasty and growing problem. Cyber-bullies are real cowards. They hid e behind their computer and scare people, send them hate mail or threaten them. Even worse is when they publish pictures of their victims online. I have a friend who had a really bad time at the hands of a cyber-bully. He or she spread lots of gossip and lies on the Internet. My friend’s reputation was badly damaged. A really bad thing is how young cyber-bullying starts. Many schoolchil dren physically bully others in class and then continue online. Their victim isn’t safe anywhere.第27课:一分钟英文：Current Events-时事I love the news and current events. I’m ad dicted to what’s happening in the world. It doesn’t matter what kind of news it is, I love watchingit. Even if it’s from countries I’ve never heard of. I’ll even watch the same news programme three or four times and not get bored. I guess it’s so fascinating because it’s real. I get really interested in a story when it breaks, then like to follow it as it unfol ds. Following current events makes you quite knowledgeable. I know most of th e world’s capitals and most of the world’s lead ers. Watching the news is really looking at history happening now. But you never know what’s going to happen next. Every time you turn on the news or read a news story, you’ll find something unexpected.第28课:一分钟英文：Culture——文化I’m really interested in the culture of other countries. I d on’t know why, but I always think other cultures are more interesting than my own culture. Every time I travel, I learn wonderful, strange, amazing and interesting things about other cultures. One of the biggest surprises I had was when I went to the USA as a child. I’m English so Ithought Americans had the same culture as me. When I went to America Iund erstood Americans and Brits are very different people. Und erstanding the culture of other people is very important. It helps us all to get along. If everyone really tried to learn about other cultures, the world woul d be a more peaceful place. The world is becomingsmaller, so I think this is happening.第29课:一分钟英文：Crime-犯罪Why do we have crime? When will it all stop? It’s sad that there is so much crime in our society. It hurts so many people. Most people in the world just want to live happily and be good neighbours. Why do some people turn to crime? Money is a big reason. Many criminals pickpocket, steal, kidnap, or even kill people to get money. There are many terrible crimes in the world. Perhaps the worst is ethnic cleansing. This is a crime against humanity. Many peopl e are killed because of their colour or religion. People who commit this crime rarely go to prison. Have you ever been a victim of crime? What d o you think we need to do to reduce crime rates? Perhaps you shoul d write to your government. Tell your lead ers enough is enough.第30课:一分钟英文：Credit Cards-信用卡Many years ago I read that credit cards were the thing of the future. Credit card companies were telling us that plastic woul d replace cash. Well, this hasn’t happened. People are still using notes and coins. The Internet has increased the use of credit cards, but many people worry about putting their card details online. Lots of personal info gets stol enby fake sites pretending to be famous banks or online stores. Personally, I love credit cards. I always prefer to pay by card than by cash. When you use your card, you get air miles and every six months you can cash them in for presents. I do worry about credit card security. I keep waiting to see a huge purchase on my statement that I didn’t make.第31课:一分钟英文：Cosmetics-化妆品I wish we didn’t need cosmetics. We spend so much time and money on them. And for what? We take them off at night, only to put them all on again in the morning. If you think about it. they’re amazingly expensive. Why does a lipstick or a small tube of cream cost so much? The really expensive cosmetics d on’t actually make you look that different than really cheap ones. A lot depends too on your skill –choosing the right colours to match your face, and how you put your make-up on. I sometimes laugh at the ladies selling cosmetics in department stores. They’re meant to be experts but they look like clowns. I mean, do they really need to paint their faces? One thing I worry about is whether the chemicals damage your skin.第32课:一分钟英文：Cosmetic Surgery-整容手术Would you like to change your face and body? Woul d you like movie star looks? A lot of people want to do this. They pay l ots of money to go to a cosmetic surgeon and change their appearance. The most common operation we call a nose job. People who are unhappy with their nose have it reshaped. Other people want their wrinkles to disappear to make themselves look younger. People also go und er the knife and have things made bigger or smaller. I think this is a waste of money. I'm not the best-looking person in the world but I would never consider plastic surgery - even if it was free. Some people have so many operations they end up looking like they’re made of plastic. I'd rather stay looking human.第33课:一分钟英文：Computers-电脑It’s hard to believe that no one had computers a few years ago. I wonder how people lived. There must have been a l ot of paperwork. I can’t imagine writing everything by hand. I also wond er how everything worked without computers. We need computers today for everything. Hospitals, airports, the police… nothing can work without computers. I’m sure I’d be ten times busier than now if I didn’t have a computer. Imagine having to find a piece of paper and an envelope and then walking down the street to mail a letter! I love my computer.It makes everything in my life so convenient. Sure, it freezes and crashes sometimes. Sure I lose some data. But that’s not often. Most of the time my computer is like my best friend.第34课:一分钟英文：Coffee-咖啡Scientists and doctors can’t make their minds up about coffee. One study says it’s really bad for us and the next report says it’s good for us. I’ve even read that 10 cups a day is good for ourbrain. I like a cup of coffee at certain times of the day. I must have a coffee first thing in the morning. I can’t survive without my morning coffee. I have another cup or two when I get to work. And that’s it. I never drink coffee after lunchtime. If I do, I can’t sl eep at night. The only time I drink coffee in the evening is if I go to a nice restaurant. Coffee seems a lot morecomplicated these days. When I was younger it was just coffee. Now it’s latte, frappucino and all kinds of other strange words.第35课:一分钟英文：Cl othes-衣服I have too many cl othes. I have many cl othes I’ve only worn once. Sometimes I even find something at the back of a drawer that I never even wore. I bought it, put it away, and then forgot about it. I’m sure I don’t need so many clothes. I don’t think anyone really needs 11 pairs。

英语简史-A BRIEF HISTORY OF ENGLISH

The Anglo-Saxon Period 410-787 A.D.
Anglo-Saxons-Jutes
Important Events in the (First) AngloSaxon Period
410-450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic shores of Germany, and Jutes invade from Jutland peninsula in Denmark, thus driving out the Celts.
Anglo-Saxon Poetry and Riddles The Book of Exeter
Contains more than 30 poems and 90 riddles. Written down by monks in about 975, our primary source of Anglo-Saxon poetry Dominant mood in poetry is elegiac, or mournful Dominant tone of riddles is light and somewhat bawdy (for entertainment purposes- think SNL).
The Most Important Results of the Roman Occupation
Established camps that eventually became towns. Maintained relative peace. Latin heavily influenced the English language. Christianity begins to replace Paganism, especially after St. Augustine converts King Aethelbert in 597.

(完整word版)ABriefHistoryofEnglish

A Brief History of EnglishN o understanding of the English language can be very satisfactory without a notion of the history of the language。

But we shall have to make do with just a notion。

The history of English is long and complicated， and we can only hit the higl1 spots。

不了解英语的历史很难真正掌握这门语言,然而对此我们只能做到略有所知。

因为英语的历史既漫长又复杂,我们只能抓住其发展过程中的几个关键时期。

At the time of the Ro1nan Empire， the speakers of what was to become English were scattered along the northern coast of Europe. They spoke a dialect of Low German. More exactly, they spoke several different dialects， since they were several different tribes. The names given to the tribes who got to England are Angles， Saxons, and Jutes， who are referred to collectively as Anglo—Saxons4.在罗马帝国时期，散居在欧洲北部沿海的居民说一种西部德语的方言，这就是英语的前身。

更确切地说，由于隶属于不同的部落,他们说的是几种不同的方言。

这些后来迁移到英格兰的部落被称为盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人，现在则被统称为盎格鲁-撒克逊人。

How to make a good English speech

How to make a good English speech开头要有对听众的称呼:最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr. chairman, Honorable judges等。

开门见山提出主题/论题，常见的方法有引用名言、引用具体的统计数据、举例等。

如果是议论，结论要简明扼要，给听众留下深刻印象。

结尾要简洁：Thank you very much for your attention。

•不要老是用I，不要用太多I feel, I think 。

•不要总是用单句，句式要多样化，灵活运用修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、排比等。

•少用you，多用we。

用you等于把自己与听众对立起来，而用we则拉近了与听众的距离。

E.g.You should not smoke. (听上去像教训人Let's not smoke. (听起来是一个不错的建议)。

•I want to start today by saying how grateful I am to all of you, to everyone who poured your hearts and your hopes into this campaign, who drove formiles and lined the streets waving homemade signs, who scrimped and saved to raise money, who knocked on doors and made calls, who talked andsometimes argued with your friends and neighbors, who emailed andcontributed online, who invested so much in our common enterprise, to themoms and dads who came to our events, who lifted their little girls and littleboys on their shoulders and whispered in their ears, “See, you can beanything you want to be.”•今天，作为一个开始，我想说一下我是多么的感谢大家。

A开头的英文单字

在那個問題上我與你意見一致.
ahead
adv.
預先,事先
You'd better plan ahead.
你最好事先計劃一下。
aid
noun/verb
幫助
A good dictionary can aid language learning.
一部好詞典有助於語言學習。
AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
alike
adv./adj.
一樣地
The twins look very much alike.
這對雙胞胎看上去非常相像。
alive
adj.
繼續存在的
The injured man is unconscious but still alive.
受傷的人不省人事但仍活著。
all
adj./pron./adv.
affair
noun
事情,工作
The president always has to deal with important affairs.
總統總是必須處理重要事務。
affect
verb
感動,假裝
The story affected me deeply.
那故事使我深受感動
He affected not to hear me.
他假裝沒聽到我的聲音.
afraid
adj.
害怕(的),討厭
I am afraid thatI’ll(should) be late.
我怕要遲到了.
after
prep./conj.
之後的
He was ill for months after.

There is a story about an English sailor who went

There is a story about an English sailor who went to countries in the east, the west and the south. He had been to India and China. One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother. She told her friends about the present and asked them to a “tea party”. When her friends came to the “tea party”, the old woman offered them brown tea leaves. The old woman’s friends began to eat them. Of course, nobody liked the tea leaves.At that time sailor came in. He looked at the table and said, “Mother, what have you done with the tea?”“ I boiled it, as you said.”“And what did you do with the water?”“ I threw it away, of course,” answered the old woman. “Now you may throw the leaves, too,” said her son.sailor 水手neither...nor... 既不....也不India 印度throw 扔offer 奉献，提供at the same time 在同时leaves (leaf的复数形式）叶子at that time 在那时boil 煮开，烧开1.The sailor was _______.A. a ChineseB. a JapaneseC. an EnglishD. an India2.The sailor brought_______.A. some delicious food for his friendsB. some delicious food for his motherC. some delicious tea for his friendsD. some tea for his mother3.Which of the following is right?A. All of the old woman’s friends didn’t like tea.B. All of the old woman’s friends liked tea very muchC. Only a few of the old woman’s friends didin’t like tea.D. Only a few of the old woman’s friends liked tea.4.How did the old woman and her friends have tea?A. They had tea leaves.B. They had water.C. They had water and tea leaves.D. They neither had water nor had tea leaves.5.The sailor _______.A. didn’t tell his mother how to have tea.B. told his mother how to have tea, but he didin’t say clearlyC. told his mother to have tea leaves, but not to have waterD. told his mother to have water, but not to have tea leaves。

a three-circles model of english

a three-circles model of englisha threecircles model of english 英语的三圈模型Introduction 介绍English is a widely spoken language around the world, with approximately 1.5 billion people using it either as their first or second language. However, English is not a monolithic language; it has variations and different levels of proficiency depending on the user. In order to understand the complexity of English, linguists have developed a model known as the threecircles model of English. This model was originally proposed by Braj Kachru in the 1980s and it categorizes English speakers into three concentric circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle.The Inner Circle 内圈The Inner Circle represents those who speak English as their first language, primarily in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. These countries are considered to be the traditional "English-speaking" nations where the language originated. In the Inner Circle, English serves as theprimary means of communication in all domains of life, including education, government, business, and media. Native speakers of English in this circle are typically fluent in the language from birth and possess a native-like proficiency.The Outer Circle 外圈The Outer Circle consists of countries where English serves as an official or second language. These countries include India, Nigeria, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and many others. In the Outer Circle, English is often used as a medium of instruction in schools and universities, and it may have significant influence on politics, economy, and culture. Although English may not be the first language for many individuals in the Outer Circle, it is still widely used and learned as a necessary tool for various purposes. The proficiency level of English in the Outer Circle varies among individuals, ranging from basic conversational skills to advanced academic proficiency.The Expanding Circle 扩张圈The Expanding Circle refers to countries where English is not anofficial language, but is still learned and used by a significant number of people as a foreign language. This circle includes countries such as China, Japan, Russia, Brazil, and many others. English is often taught in schools as a mandatory subject or as part of the curriculum, and it is used in certain domains, such as international business, tourism, and technology. English in the Expanding Circle is primarily used for communication with people from different linguistic backgrounds, rather than within the local community. Therefore, the focus is more on practical communication skills rather than developing native-like proficiency.Implications 含义The threecircles model of English has several implications for language learning, teaching, and communication. First, it recognizes the linguistic diversity within English and acknowledges that proficiency levels may vary depending on the context and educational background. This understanding helps to promote tolerance and acceptance of different varieties of English.Second, the model emphasizes the importance of English as aglobal language. It highlights the fact that English is not just a language spoken by native speakers, but also by millions of individuals around the world for various purposes. This recognition encourages individuals to learn English as a means of communication with people from different linguistic backgrounds, enhancing international understanding and cooperation.Third, the threecircles model promotes the idea of a pluricentric language, where multiple varieties of English coexist and are equally valid. This challenges the notion of a single "correct" version of English and recognizes the value of regional accents, dialects, and linguistic innovations.Conclusion 结论The threecircles model of English provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the diversity and complexity of the language. It recognizes the Inner Circle as the core of English, while also acknowledging the importance of the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle in global communication. By embracing the three circles, we can foster a more inclusive, tolerant, and effective way ofteaching and learning English, and promote cross-cultural understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.。

AHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage

AHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage第一篇：A History of the English LanguageA History of the English Language(2011-10-11 23:17:57)转载标签：分类：英语语言概论杂谈A History of the English LanguageThe history of English is a complex and dynamic history.It is often, albeit perhaps too neatly, divided into four periods: Old English, Middle English, Early-Modern English, and Late-Modern English.English is classified genetically as a Low West Germanic language of the Indo-European family of languages.Currently, nearly two billion people around the globe understand it.It is the language of aviation, science, computing, international trade, and diplomacy.It holds a crucial place in the cultural, political, and economic affairs in countries all over the world.From its early beginnings as a series of Germanic dialects, English has been remarkable in both its colonizing power and its ability to adopt and amass vocabulary from all over the world.Yet it was nearly wiped out in its early years(Bragg 2003).Old English(500-1100AD) It is nearly impossible to identify the birth of a language, but in the case of English, it is safe to say that it did not exist before the West Germanic tribes settled Britain.During the fifth and sixth centuries A.D., West Germanic tribes from Jutland and southern Denmark(Norseland)invaded the British Isles.These tribes--which included the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes--spoke a Germanic language now termed Old English, a language which is similar to modern Frisian.Out of these tribes, four major dialects of Old English emerged, Northumbrian in the north of England, Merican in the Midlands, West Saxon in the south and west, and Kentishin the Southeast.These tribes, along with the English language, may well have been wiped out altogether by Viking raiders if not for a Wessex king named Alfred the Great.After defeating the Vikings, who threatened both the English way of life and its language, Alfred the Great encouraged English literacy throughout his kingdom(McCrum, et al 1986).Before the Germanic tribes arrived, the Celts were the original inhabitants of Britain.When the Germanic tribes invaded England, they pushed the Celt-speaking inhabitants out of England into what is now Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Ireland.The Celtic language survives today in the Gaelic languages, and some scholars speculate that the Celtic tongue might have influenced the grammatical development of English, though the influence would have been minimal(Bryson 1990).Around A.D.850, Vikings or Norsemen made a significant impact on the English language by importing many North Germanic words into the language.From the middle of the ninth century, large numbers of Norse invaders settled in Britain, especially in the northern and eastern areas and, in the eleventh century, a Danish(Norse)King, Canute, ruled England.The North Germanic speech of the Norsemen had a fundamental influence on English.They added basic words such as “that,” “they,” and “them,” and also may have been responsible for some of the morphological simplification of Old English, including the loss of grammatical gender and cases(Bragg 2003).The majority of words that constitute Modern English do not come from Old English roots(only about one sixth of known Old English words have descendants surviving today), but almost all of the 100 most commonly used words in modern English do have Old English roots.Words like “water,” “strong,” “the,” “of,” “a,” “he”“no” and many other basic modern English words derive from Old English(Bragg 2003).Still, the English language we know today is a far cry from its Old English ancestor.This is evidenced in the epic poem Beowulf, which is the best known surviving example of Old English(McCrum, et al 1986), but which must be read in translation to modern English by all but those relative few who have studied the work in the original.The Old English period ended with the Norman Conquest, when the language was influenced to an even greater extent by the French-speaking Normans.The Norman Conquest and Middle English(1100-1500)In 1066, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons.After the invasion, the Norman kings and the nobility spoke a dialect of Old French known as Anglo-Norman, while English continued to be the language of the common people.This class distinction can still be seen in the English language today in words such as “beef” vs.“cow” and “pork” vs.“pig.” The aristocracy commonly ate beef and pork, which are derivatives of Anglo-Norma, while the Anglo-Saxon commoners, who tended the cattle and hogs, retained the Germanic and ate cow and pig.Many legal terms, such as “indict,” “jury,” and “verdict” also have Anglo-Norman roots because the Normans ruled the courts.It was not uncommon for French words to replace Old English words;for example, “uncle” replaced “eam” and “crime” replaced “firen.” French and English also combined to form new words, such as the French “gentle” and the Germanic “man” forming “gentleman”(Bryson1990).To this day, French-based words hold a more official connotation than do Germanic-based ones.When the English King John lost the province of Normandy to the King of France in 1204, the Normannobles of England began to lose interest in their properties in France and began to adopt a modified English as their native tongue.When the bubonic plague devastated Europe, the dwindling population served to consolidate wealth.The old feudal system crumbled as the new middle class grew in economic and social importance as did their language in relation to Anglo-Norman.The highly inflected system of Old English gave way to, broadly speaking, the same system of English found today which, unlike Old English, does not use distinctive word endings.Unlike Old English, Middle English can be read(albeit with some difficulty)by modern English speakers.By 1362, the linguistic division between the nobility was largely over and the Statue of Pleading was adopted, making English the language of the courts and Parliament.Edward the III became the first king to address Parliament in English in 1362, and the first English government document to be published in English since the Norman Conquest was the Provisions of Oxford.And the most famous literary example of Middle English is Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales.The Middle English period came to a close around 1500 with the rise of Modern English(McCrum, et al 1986).Early Modern English(1500-1800)The Renaissance brought with it widespread innovation in the English language.The rediscovery of classical scholarship created an influx of classical Latin and Greek words into the language.While Latin and Greek borrowings diversified the language, some scholars adopted Latin terms awkwardly and excessively, leading to the derogatory term “inkhorn.” An important item for scholars, an inkhorn was simply a horn pot that held ink for quills...but later it became a deprecatory term for pedantic writers who borrowed obscure and opulent termssuch as “revoluting” and “ingent affability”(Bragg 2003).The invention of the printing press also marked the division from Old English to Modern English as books became more widespread and literacy increased.Soon publishing became a marketable occupation and books written in English were often more popular than books in Latin.The printing press also served to standardize English.The written and spoken language of London already influenced the entire country, and with the influence of the printing press, London English soon began to dominate.Indeed, London standard became widely accepted, especially in more formal context.Soon English spelling and grammar were fixed and the first English dictionary was published in 1604(Bryson 1990).In the fifteenth century, the Great Vowel Shift--a series of changes in English pronunciation--further changed the English language.These purely linguistic sound changes moved the spoken language away from the so-called “pure” vowel sounds which still characterize many Continental languages today.Consequently, the phonetic pairings of most long and short vowel sounds were lost, resulting in the oddities of English pronunciation and obscuring the relationship of many English words and their foreign roots.The Great Vowel Shift was rather sudden and the major changes occurred within a century, though the shift is still in process and vowel sounds are still shortening, albeit much more gradually.The causes of the shift are highly debated.Some scholars argue that such a shift occurred due to the “massive intake of Romance loanwords so that English vowels started to sound more like French loanwords.Other scholars suggest it was the loss of inflectional morphology that started the shift”(Bragg 2003).Late-Modern English(1800-Present)The pronunciation, grammar, and spelling of Late-Modern English are essentially the same as Early-Modern English, but Late-Modern English has significantly more words due to several factors.First, discoveries during the scientific and industrial revolutions created a need for a new vocabulary.Scholars drew on Latin and Greek words to creat e new words such as “oxygen,” “nuclear,” and “protein.” Scientific and technological discoveries are still ongoing and neologisms continue to this day, especially in the field of electronics and computers.Just as the printing press revolutionized both spoken and written English, the new language of technology and the Internet places English in a transition period between Modern and Postmodern.Second, the English language has always been a colonizing force.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English quickly spread throughout Britain, and from the beginning of the seventeenth century on, English began to spread throughout the world.Britain’s maritime empire and military influence on language(especially after WWII)has consequently been significant.Britain’s complex colonization, exploration, and overseas trade both imported loanwords from all over the world(such as “shampoo,” “pajamas,” and “yogurt”)and also led to the development of new varieties of English, each with its own nuances of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.Significantly, one of England’s colonies, America, created what is known as American English and, in some respects, American English is closer to the English of Shakespeare than the modern Standard British English(or the modern Queen’s English)because many Americanisms are originally British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost at home(e.g., “trash” for “rubbish”).Native American andSpanish vocabulary have also been a great influence on American English, importing or adopting such words as “raccoon,” “canoe,” “mustang,” “ranch,” and “vigilante”(Bragg 2003).Global EnglishRecently, English has become a lingua franca, a global language that is regularly used and understood by many countries where English is not the first/native language.In fact, when Pope John Paul II went to the Middle East to retrace Christ’s footsteps and addressed Christians, Muslims, and Jews, the Pope didn’t speak Arabic, Italian, Hebrew, or his native Polish;instead, he spoke in English.In fact, English is used in over 90 countries, and it is the working language of the Asian trade group ASEAN and of 98 percent of international research physicists and chemists.It is also the language of computing, international communication, diplomacy, and navigation.Over one billion people worldwide are currently learning English, making it unarguably a global language.--Posted January 27, 2008ReferencesBragg, Melvyn.2003.The Adventure of English: The Biography of a Language.New York: Arcade Publishing.Bryson, Bill.1990.Mother T ongue: English and How it Got That Way.New York: Perennial.McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil.1986.The Story of English.New York: Viking.。

JbeginswithafemaleEnglishname（J开头的女英文名）

J begins with a female English name（J开头的女英文名）J begins with a female English name:Jacinda beautiful female Greek?Lovely women Cinta Jacinta Kazakhstan Greek??Jacinthe hyacinth, female, Greek?Jacqueline Jacqueline / Jia Guilin, France, may God protect you.Jacqueline, Jacqueline, female, Hebrew?Jada Jada smart, wise, learned Hebrew women??Jade emerald emerald femaleJade jade jadeJael rise, female Hebrew?Jaen Hahn female ostrich Hebrew??Jagrati female India?Jahnavi female India?Jaimica replacements, women, Spain?Jaimie I love women, France?Jaina Jaina, a good personality, female, India?Jaione was born and was born female Basque?Jakinda hyacinth Basque language?Jala Jia Laci compassion, charity, tolerance of women in Arabia??Jamari jamari warrior women in France??Jamee replacements, women, Hebrews?Jamie Jamie, female English (female name for James)Jamie Jamie / Jamie Jamie (James / Latin instead of the female form).Jamilah beautiful female Arabia?Jana Nova God's gracious gift, fruit harvest women in Czech??Jane Jane, mercy, God is a merciful woman, Hebrew?Jane Jane / Jane Hebrew, the French God is merciful; a maiden.Janet Jeanne, female, Scotland (variation in Jane)Janet Jeanne / Janet, Hebrew, French maid, God's gift (with Jane)Jane Jane [Hebrew] God's gift, Ye Hehua is kind; American is also a girl, a schoolgirl (John's feminine noun)Janice, Janice, female (Jane's change of writing)?Janice Janice / Janice Hebrew, French girl; God is merciful.Janisa the grace of God, womenJanna Jana, the bustling, lush female, Hebrew?Japera, women?Jardena downward flowing female Hebrew?Jarvia as sharp as Mao's female old German?Jarvinia intelligence highlights women, GermanyJasmine Jasmine female PersianJasmine Jasmine JasmineJaunie womenJaya wins women India againJayani female IndiaIndia female Jayne Jayne victoryJaythen women SwedenJazlyn female ArabiaJazlyn/Jazzy Jazz female (Jasmine morph)Jean Jean, the God of France is merciful.Jeanelle females (Jean deformation)Jeanne Jeanne, women, France (Joan, Joan's deformation) Jean, Ji en Jean (Jane Jane's Scotland form)Jehan Han, beautiful flower, female, ArabiaJelena Yelaina shining light of Russian womenJemima Jemima dove femaleJenara womenJenay God's grace, women, FranceJendayi thanks to women in AfricaJendyose successfully delivered women to UgandaJenell God is a merciful woman, GermanyJenica God is a merciful woman, RomaniaJenna JanaJennifer Jennifer, pure, obedient, beautiful woman, WelshJennifer Jennifer / Jennifer British white wave; magic, sexy, charming woman.Jenny Jeanne / Ginny / Jenny Hebrew, French Maid (with Jennie, Jane, Jennifer's nickname).Greek Jeno yeno born good womenJensine God is a merciful woman, HebrewJerrica womenJesal female IndiaJessica Jesse / Jessica Scarlett / Jessica Hebrew [Hebrew] the grace of God; wealth (Jessee female form).Jessica Jessica, the grace of God, the Hebrew womanJessica/Jessie Jessica / Jesse, rich woman, female, HebrewJessie Jesse Jesse the Hebrew god's grace; wealth (Jasmine, Jessica Janet nickname; Scotland form).Jewel jewel joy female unknownFollowers of Jezebel idol; female HebrewJezreel female HebrewJiera, a living, energetic woman, LithuaniaJigisha female IndiaJihan universe female TurkeyJill Gil / Jill / Jill; fairy maiden; lover (Gillian's nickname).Jillian Julie AMBA female girl old EnglishJillian/Jill Julie AMBA / Gil Female Latin childrenJina name female J VasiliJinx Latin female talisman of DoomJo Zhao / Joe, lover of Scotland.Joan Joa of France, the myth of God's gracious gift.Joakima God will judge the Hebrew womanJoan Joan, gracious gift of God, Hebrew womanJoanna Joanna, the Hebrew god's gracious gift.Joanne Joanne, God is a merciful woman, HebrewJoanne Joanne, the Hebrew god's gracious gift.Joan Joan (with Jane; John's feminine form)Jobey persecuted female HebrewJobina persecuted man, female, HebrewJocelyn Jia Silin / Jocelyn; Latin happy; happyJocelyn Jocelyn, happiness, happiness, women, LatinJocelyn/Joyce Jocelyn / Joyce, fair and upright, female, Old EnglishJocosa pleasant Latin for womenJodie Judi / Joe, Hebrew, very quiet; praise.Jody Judi womenJoelle the Lord is God, the Hebrew womanJoelliane the Lord is God, the Hebrew womanJoesa womenJohanna Johanna, God's merciful gift, female, HebrewJolan and blooming violets women in HungaryJolene God will increase.. Female EnglishJulie Jolie lovely, French women happyJoliet Joe Lee / Jori AitkenJonesy female old EnglishJonina dove, female, HebrewJora autumn rain, female, HebrewJordane downward flowing female HebrewJosephine Josephine, God will increase.. Female Hebrew Josephine Josephine; Hebrew enhanced; prolific woman.Josie Qiao Qian Josephine Ho (with Josephine)Joy happy, happy, female, Old EnglishJoy Joey Latin delight, joy, joyJoyce Joyce, happy, happy, Female LatinJoyce Joyce / Joyce Latin happy; joy (Josephine's nickname).Joy Joey joyJuana Juan, female, IndiaJuanita, Taluwote women of Spain (Johanna strain)Judith Judi praises the Hebrew women who are admiredJudith Judi / Judy / Judith Hebrew praise; quiet woman.Judith/Judy Judi / Judi, a highly praised woman, HebrewJudy Judi / Judy Hebrew praise (Judith's nickname).Juhi Zhu Xi, female, IndiaJulia Julia, young woman, LatinJulia Julia / Julia; Latin hair soft; young.Juliana/Julia Juliana / Julia, young female LatinJuliana JulianaJulia Julia [Latin, Greek], furry, youngJulie Julie, Greece has a calm and peaceful face (Julia's deformation).Juliet Juliet female (Julia morph)Juliet Juliet, Nick [female] Latin hair soft; on behalf of the young Julia.Julinka Young Female LatinJumoke everyone's favorite female Yorubajune 六月女性拉丁语june 朱恩拉丁六月.justine 海宁正直的真实的女性希伯来jyoti 兰德哈瓦光线女性印度jyotsna 惠女性印度。

a 开头的响亮的英文单词

a 开头的响亮的英文单词English Answer:A resounding English word beginning with the letter "a" is "audacity." This term captures a bold and fearlessspirit, characterized by a willingness to take risks and challenge established norms. It evokes a sense of adventure, confidence, and a proactive approach to life.Another resounding word starting with "a" is "abundance." It signifies a plentiful supply of something, whether material or intangible. Abundance can encompass wealth, resources, opportunities, or even love. It suggests a state of fulfillment, prosperity, and a sense of having enough to share with others.The word "astonishment" also reverberates with a senseof wonder and surprise. It describes a profound emotional reaction to something unexpected or extraordinary. Astonishment implies a sudden realization, a moment ofdisbelief, or an overwhelming feeling of awe and amazement."Acumen" is another resounding word beginning with "a." It refers to sharp mental ability and keen judgment. Acumen denotes an astute understanding, a quick wit, and theability to make sound decisions based on careful observation and analysis.The word "adventure" conjures images of excitement,risk-taking, and the unknown. It implies a bold spirit, a willingness to step outside of one's comfort zone, and a thirst for new experiences. Adventure evokes a sense of freedom, exploration, and the thrill of the unexpected."Allure" is a captivating word that describes a powerful attraction or charm. It enchants and entices, drawing people in with its irresistible qualities. Allure suggests a magnetic presence, a charismatic aura, or a captivating beauty that commands attention and admiration.The word "ambition" resonates with a strong desire for success and achievement. It implies a relentless drive, afocus on goals, and a willingness to work tirelessly to reach the desired outcome. Ambition fuels motivation, inspires persistence, and propels individuals towards their dreams."Aspiration" is a related word that captures a longingor a lofty goal. It expresses a heartfelt desire, ayearning for something greater or more fulfilling.Aspiration implies a positive outlook, a belief in one's potential, and a determination to pursue the highest ideals."Articulate" is a resounding word that describes the ability to express oneself clearly and effectively. It implies a logical mind, a rich vocabulary, and a confident delivery. Articulate speech allows individuals to convey their thoughts, ideas, and emotions with precision and eloquence.中文回答：以字母“a”开头的响亮的英语单词有：大胆（audacity），指勇敢无畏的精神，敢于冒险和挑战既定规范。

常见接冠词a的单词初中

常见接冠词a的单词初中
在初中的英语学习中，有些单词在接冠词a时比较常见。

以下是一些这样的单词：
1. a university - 一所大学
2. a useful tool - 一个有用的工具
3. a European country - 一个欧洲国家
4. a beautiful flower - 一朵漂亮的花
5. a tall building - 一栋高楼
6. a small town - 一个小镇
7. a long walk - 一段很长的路
8. a delicious meal - 一顿美味的饭
9. a terrible storm - 一场可怕的风暴
10. a busy day - 忙碌的一天
11.这些只是一些例子，并不代表所有可以接冠词a的单词。

记住，冠词的使用规则是复杂
的，需要结合上下文和语境进行判断。

如果有不确定的地方，建议请教老师或查阅相关语法资料。

A Brief History of English(word文档良心出品)

在词汇上，古英语也与现代英语有诸多不同之处。古英语中的绝大多数单词如今被称为英语本土词，即自英语作为印欧语言的一部分起就存在的，而不是从其他语言引入的词汇。虽然古英语中也有一些外来词，除了古挪威语之外，还有不少词来自于拉丁语，如cheese, butter, bishop, kettle, angel, candle, priest, martyr, radish, oyster, purple, school, spend等。但是古英语的主体是英语本土词，而这些词只占现代英语词汇的百分之十四。
这些部落何时迁移到英格兰的，我们没有掌握确切信息。但是据我们所知，在很长一段时间内他们为自卫而战。与凯尔特人的战争持续了一百多年，直到英格兰境内的凯尔特人不是被杀，就是被迫流亡到威尔士或沦为奴隶。到了公元550年前后，盎格鲁-撒克逊人才定居下来。英语从此来到了英格兰。
It is customary to dividethe historyof the English, language into three periods: Old English, Middle English,Modern English.Old English runsfromthe earliest records-i. e. seventhcentury - to about 1100; Middle English from 1100 to 1450 or 1500; Modern English from 1500 to the present day.
我们习惯上把英语的发展分为三个时期：古英语，中世纪英语和现代英语。古英语时期从最早的历史记载即公元七世纪到1100年；中世纪英语时期从1100年到1450或1500年；现代英语时期从1500年至今。

speakEnglish是什么意思

可惜他不会讲英语。
I always speak English in class.
我在课堂上一直都讲英语。
They don't speak English.
他们不讲英语。
I speak English loudly.
我大声地说英语。
She will soon learn to speak English.
speakEnglish是什么意思
speak English的意思是说英语、讲英语。
例句：
He doesnt speak English.
他不说英语。
Do you
It was unfortunate that he couldn't speak English.
她将很快学会讲英语。
speakenglish是什么意思回答瑞文问答 2021-07-19 speak english的意思是说英语,讲英语. 例句: he doesnt speak english. 他不说英语. do you speak english? 你会说英语吗? 扩展资料 it was unfortunate that he couldn't speak english. 可惜他不会讲英语. i always speak english in class. 我在课堂上一直都讲英语. they don't speak english. 他们不讲英语. i speak english loudly. 我大声地说英语. she will soon learn to speak english. 她将很快学会讲英语. 上一篇: itstimeto后面加什么下一篇: himself后面加什么介词

冀教版七年级英语上册English-Speaking CountriesCountries arou

language？—Ireland，Philippines，Malta，Ghana， Pakistan，Nigeria，Fiji，Jamaica and many more. Try to find these countries on a world map. Which countries are close to China and which ones are far away？
知识点
讲解来自《点拨》
3 What direction are they from China？意为 “它们在中国的哪个方向？”
考向
该句用来询问位置及方向。回答时使用“主语＋be ＋方位词＋of…”。 eg：—What direction is Canada from China？加拿大
在中国的哪个方向？ —It’s east of China.它在中国的东方。
(全世界).
来自《点拨》
4. Can you mark these _E_n_g_l_is_h_s_p_e_a_k_i_n_g_c_o_u_n__tr_i_e_s_(说英语的国家)on the map of the world?
【点拨】由these“这些”可判断country应用复数。
5. I need t_o__m_a_k_e__a_l_is_t_o_f_(列一张……的清单)things to buy before I go shopping.
China the U．K.
Let's Do It !
4 plete the table.
Country Language
Capital City
China Chinese Beijing
National Flag National Symbol

a conversation in english口语

A Conversation in English口语IntroductionIn today’s globalized world, English has become the Lingua Franca, making it essential to have good conversational skills in this language. This article explores various aspects of having a conversation in English, including tips for effective communication, common phrases, cultural nuances, and strategies for improving English speaking skills.Tips for Effective CommunicationEffective communication is crucial for successful conversations. Here are some tips to enhance your conversational skills in English:1. Active ListeningActive listening involves fully focusing on what the other person is saying, without interrupting or formulating a response in your mind. It helps build rapport and understand the speaker’s perspective, leading to more engaging conversations.2. Speak Clearly and FluentlyClear and fluent speech is essential for effective communication. Practice enunciating words and pay attention to your pronunciation. Additionally, work on improving your vocabulary and grammar to avoid unnecessary pauses and hesitations.3. Use Non-Verbal CuesNon-verbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, and body language play a significant role in communication. They can convey emotions, intentions, and meaning. Pay attention to these cues and try to align them with your spoken words for better comprehension.4. Ask QuestionsAsking questions shows interest and helps keep the conversation flowing. It demonstrates active participation and encourages the other person to share their thoughts. Open-ended questions are particularly useful as they elicit detailed responses.Common Phrases for Conversations in EnglishUsing commonly-used phrases in conversations can make them more natural and fluent. Here are some useful phrases for different situations:1. Greetings and Introductions•“Hi, how are you?”•“Nice to meet you!”•“What’s your name?”•“Where are you from?”2. Expressing Opinions•“I think that…”•“In my opinion…”•“From my perspective…”•“I believe that…”3. Making Suggestions•“Why don’t we…?”•“I suggest…”•“How about…?”•“Have you considered…?”4. Agreeing and Disagreeing•“I see your point.”•“That’s true, but…”•“I understand what you’re saying, however…”•“I respectfully disagree because…”Cultural Nuances in ConversationsWhen conversing in English, it is crucial to be aware of cultural nuances to ensure effective communication and avoid misunderstandings. Here are a few cultural considerations to keep in mind:1. Politeness and FormalityIn English-speaking cultures, politeness is highly valued. Using “please,” “thank you,” and “excuse me” appropriately is important. Additionally, addressing someone by their title, such as Mr., Mrs., or Ms., is considered respectful, especially in formal settings.2. Personal SpaceThe concept of personal space may vary across cultures. In English-speaking countries, people generally prefer a moderate amount of personal space during conversations. Invading someone’s personal space may make them uncomfortable and hinder effective communication.3. Sense of HumorHumor can be culturally specific, and what may be funny in one culture could be offensive in another. Be cautious when using humor in conversations, especially with people from different cultural backgrounds. It’s best to start with light, inclusive humor until you underst and the other person’s comfort level.4. Taboo TopicsCertain topics, such as religion, politics, and personal finances, may be considered sensitive or controversial in some cultures. It is advisable to avoid these topics until you develop a rapport andun derstand the other person’s preferences.Strategies for Improving English Speaking SkillsImproving English speaking skills requires consistent practice and dedication. Here are some strategies to enhance your fluency and confidence in English conversations:1. Engage in Conversations with Native SpeakersTalking to native English speakers is an excellent way to practice and improve your speaking skills. Seek out opportunities to converse with native speakers, whether through language exchange programs, online communities, or local conversation groups.2. Practice Pronunciation and IntonationPronunciation and intonation greatly impact understanding and fluency. Practice pronouncing words correctly and pay attention to sentence stress and intonation patterns. Listen to native speakers and mimictheir speech to improve your own.3. Expand Your Vocabulary and Idiomatic ExpressionsEnhancing your vocabulary and learning idiomatic expressions can make your conversations more engaging. Read English books, watch movies or TV shows, and listen to podcasts to expose yourself to a wide variety of vocabulary and expressions.4. Record and Evaluate Your ConversationsRecord your conversations and listen to them later to identify areas for improvement. Pay attention to your pronunciation, grammar mistakes, and clarity of speech. Take notes and work on those areas in subsequent practice sessions.ConclusionConversing in English is a valuable skill that opens doors to various opportunities in education, work, and social settings. By implementing the tips for effective communication, using common phrases,understanding cultural nuances, and employing strategies to improve speaking skills, you can enhance your ability to have engaging and meaningful conversations in English. Remember, practice and perseverance are key to achieving fluency and confidence in any language.。