Lewis酸离子液体催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮

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Lewis酸离子液体催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮

７．％。分离后的离子液体经真空干燥后重复使用５次，８８催化活性基本不变。
关键词：ｅｉ酸离子液体；化反应；甲醚；甲氧基苯乙酮Ｌｗｓ酰苯对
中图分类号：２章编号：０５９５（０００４０４０１０－４２１）３３４－９４
（ｏｌｅｏＣｅｉｌｎｈｒａｅｔａＥｇｎｅｎ，ｂｉｎｖｒｔｏＣｌｇｆｈｍｃｄＰａｍｃｕｉｌｎｉｅｒｇＨｅｅＵｉｓｙｆｅａａｃｉｅｉ
Ｓｉｃｎｅｈｏｇ，Ｓｉａｈａｇ００１，Ｈｂｉｒｖｃ，ｈｎ）ｃｎｅａｄＴｃｎｌｙｈｉｕｎ５０８ｅｅＰｏｉｅＣｉａｅｏｊｚｎ
ｗａｈｓｎｔｙｔｅｉ－ｃｔｌｎｓｌａａａｙｔＴｅｅｆｃｓｏｈｅｃｉｎｃｎｉｏｓｏｈｅｃｉｎｒｓｌｓｃｏｅｏｓｎｈｓｅｐａｅｙａｉｅｓｃｔｌｓ．ｈｆｔｆｔｅｒａｔｏｄｔｎｎｔｅｒａｔｅｕｔｚｏｅｏｉｏｓｓｃｓｍｏａａｉｆｎｓｌｏａｅｉｎｙｒｅｅｃｉｎｔｕｈａｌｒｒｔｏｉｏｅｔｃｔａｈｄｉ，ｒａｔｍｅ，ｒａｔｎｔｍｐｒｔｒｅｅｅａｎｄｏａｃｄｏｉｅｃｉｅｅａｕｅｗｒｘｍｉｅ．Ｔｅｏｔｌｏｈｐｉｍａ
第３８卷第３期
２１００年３月
化学工程ＣＥＣＬＥＧＮＥＩＧＣＩＡ）ＨＭＩＡＮＩＥＲＮ（ＨＮ

lewis酸催化

lewis酸催化
Lewis酸催化是一种用来非常有效地催化反应的方法，它与其他多种催化反应方法不同，具有许多独特的优势。

Lewis酸催化的理论基础是Lewis酸-基反应，其基本原理是，当一种具有足够的空间能量的Lewis酸（可能是水溶液形式的Lewis酸）与一种不完全稳定的基（如羰基）发生反应时，具有Lewis酸性质的Lewis酸可以给这种基提供其向活性位置转移所需的能量。

Lewis酸催化反应主要用于氢化反应，羰基化反应，Aldol反应，Suzuki反应，Friedel-Crafts反应，Acyl-Halides反应，合成氨基酸，缩合反应和氧化反应等。

它的这些应用，都是基于它的优点：
1.在Lewis酸催化反应中，Lewis酸可以改变基的活性位置，从而显著改善产物的对映选择性；
2.Lewis酸可以增加反应活性，从而提高反应速率；
3.Lewis酸催化反应可以在低温下安全而高效地进行；
4.有许多实验证明，催化剂可以多次使用，节省成本；
5.尽管催化量很小，但反应总体进行较快，低副产物，节省材料和安全无毒。

综上所述，Lewis酸催化反应是一种有效的催化反应方法，可以大大提高反应的效率和效果。

尽管它有很多优点，但也有一些缺点，如需要严格控制温度和pH值，以避免失控反应，易受到杂质的干扰等。

虽然Lewis酸催化反应具有一定的限制和风险，但它仍然是一种
重要的催化反应方法，可以帮助合成高效的有机制剂。

它的出现也极大地改善了有机合成的速度和质量，给有机合成工业带来了更多的可能性。

酸性离子液体催化合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯的研究

ＳＯ３Ｈｍｉｎ］ＨＳＯ４）作为催化剂，用于催化对硝基苯甲酸和乙醇的酯化反应．
１实验部分
１．１试剂与仪器
药合成中间体【１］，用于合成苯佐卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因等局部麻醉药剂，也是一种用于防止皮革制品、软塞产品和某些颜料霉变的杀菌剂．目前对硝基苯甲酸乙酯大多采用浓硫酸作为催化剂，由对硝基苯甲酸和乙醇酯化制得．但此方法产率较低，产品后续处理复杂，尤其是设备长期处于酸性溶液中腐蚀严重，产生的废酸废液难以处理，污染环境，因此有必要探索新的合成方法．林劲柱采用固体超强酸￥０４２－／ＴｉＯ．Ａ１２Ｏ３，催化合成
第２６卷第３期，２０１３年７月
Ｖｏ１．２６Ｎｏ．３，Ｊｕｌｙ２０１３
宁波大学学报（理工版）
ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＮＩＮＧＢＯＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ（ＮＳＥＥ）
摘要：在酸性离子液体（［（ＣＨ２）３ＳＯ３Ｈｍｉｎ］ＨＳＯ４）催化剂存在下，以对硝基苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合
成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯．对影响产率的诸多因素进行了考察，其最佳反应条件为：酸醇摩尔比ｌ：１５，
酸与离子液体摩尔比１：１．５，反应温度８５ ℃，反应时间２ｈ，产品收率可达８５．１０％．离子液体重复
化还原反应］和酯化反应［８］等领域获得广泛应用．离子液体拥有良好的稳定陛、溶解性、高催化效率和容易实现循环使用等优点．我们曾以吡咯烷酮酸性离子液体为反应体系催化合成硼酸酯【９］．方东等人［１ｏ］采用磺酸型离子液体催化合成乙酸苄酯，取得了较好的催化效果．由于磺酸型离子液体具

Lewis酸离子液体催化合成4-甲基苯乙酮

Lewis酸离子液体催化合成4-甲基苯乙酮史津晖;项斌;王敏【摘要】以甲苯和乙酰氯为原料,在 Lewis 酸离子液体中,催化合成4-甲基苯乙酮.考察了反应条件对4-甲基苯乙酮的收率和选择性的影响.当[Bmim]Cl-FeCl3 离子液体中 FeCl3 的摩尔分数为0.67,n([Bmim]Cl-FeCl3):n(乙酰氯)=1:1,n(苯甲醚):n(乙酰氯)=3:1,反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h时,4-甲基苯乙酮的收率和选择性最高,分别达到93.7%和83.9%.该方法操作简单、且 Lewis 酸离子液体可循环使用,是环境友好的绿色方法.【期刊名称】《浙江化工》【年(卷),期】2011(042)002【总页数】4页(P16-18,10)【关键词】Lewis酸离子液体;乙酰氯;4-甲基苯乙酮【作者】史津晖;项斌;王敏【作者单位】浙江工业大学,化学工程与材料学院,浙江,杭州,310014;浙江工业大学,化学工程与材料学院,浙江,杭州,310014;浙江工业大学,化学工程与材料学院,浙江,杭州,310014【正文语种】中文4-甲基苯乙酮是重要的精细化学品中间体，具有类似山楂子花的芳香，并有像蜂蜜、草莓的香味，花果香味尖锐而带甜，广泛的应用于配制各种香精，亦可作果实食品添加剂［1-3］。

通常，4-甲基苯乙酮是由甲苯和乙酐在Lewis酸或者质子酸的催化下经过酰化反应得到的，这些催化剂的酰基化反应技术比较成熟并且已经工业化，但是此类催化剂对设备具有腐蚀作用，并且污染环境。

离子液体作为新型的溶剂和催化剂，具有室温下是液体，不挥发，不燃烧，无毒等优点，已成为当今研究的热点之一［4-5］。

Lewis酸离子液体用于Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应时表现出优异的催化性能，如反应速率快、产物易于分离、转化率高、选择性高、离子液体可以回收再利用等，使得Lewis酸离子液体有望成为Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应的环境友好溶剂和催化剂［6］。

Lewis酸离子液体催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮

第38卷第3期2010年3月化　学　工　程CHE M I CAL E NGI N EER I N G (CH I N A ) Vol .38No .3Mar .2010基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(20576026);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(B2008000670)作者简介:赵地顺(1945—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事清洁能源与绿色化学的研究,电话:(0311)88632009,传真:(0311)88632009,E 2mail :dishunzhao@yahoo .co m .cn;申晓冰(1983—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事绿色化学的研究,E 2mail :chinashenxiaobing@163.co m 。

Le wis 酸离子液体催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮赵地顺,申晓冰,李　倩,张　妍,董兰芬(河北科技大学化学工程与制药学院,河北石家庄　050018)摘要:合成并表征了Lewis 酸离子液体,用于催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮。

通过考察各种离子液体的催化活性及重复使用性能,选定Le wis 酸离子液体[Bm i m ]Cl 2A l Cl 3为催化剂,研究了醇酸摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对酰化反应的影响,得到其较佳工艺条件:醇酸摩尔比1∶1.5,反应温度60℃,反应时间6h 。

此条件下,酯化率达到78.8%。

分离后的离子液体经真空干燥后重复使用5次,催化活性基本不变。

关键词:Le wis 酸离子液体;酰化反应;苯甲醚;对甲氧基苯乙酮中图分类号:O 625.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100529954(2010)0320044204Synthesis of p 2acetyl an isole cat alyzed by Lewis ac i di c i on i c li qui dsZHAO D i 2shun,SHEN X i a o 2b i n g,L I Q i a n,ZHANG Yan,DO NG Lan 2fen(College of Che m ical and Phar maceutical Engineering,Hebei University ofScience and Technol ogy,Shijiazhuang 050018,Hebei Pr ovince,China )Abstract:Le wis acidic i onic liquids were synthesized,characterized,and used in p 2acetylanis ole synthesis as catalysts .According t o the study of catalytic activity and the reusability of vari ous i onic liquids,[Bm i m ]Cl 2A l Cl 3was chosen t o synthesize p 2acetylanis ole as catalyst .The effects of the reacti on conditi ons on the reacti on results such as molar rati o of anis ole t o acetic anhydride,reacti on ti m e,reacti on te mperature were exa m ined .The op ti m al conditi ons were obtained as f oll ows:n (anis ole )∶n (acetic anhydride )=1∶1.5,60℃,6h .Under the op ti m al reacti on conditi ons,the conversi on can be 78.8%.The i onic liquids can be repeatedly used f or five ti m es after distillati on and vacuu m drying without considerable l oss of activity .Key words:Le wis acidic i onic liquids;acylati on;anis ole;p 2acetylanis ole 苯甲醚通过Friedel 2Crafts 酰化反应制备对甲氧基苯乙酮,是精细化工及制药工业中一类重要的反应。

Lewis酸性离子液体合成、表征及其催化性能的研究

关键词：离子液体；；合成表征；催化性能
Ｓｎｈｓｓｙｔｅｉ，ＣｈｒｃｅｉａｉｎａｄＣａａｙｉｅｆｒａｃｆＬｅｓＡｃｄｃＩｎｃＬｉｕｄａａｔｒｚｔｏｎｔｌｔｃＰｒｏｍｎｅｏｗｉｉｉｏｉｑｉ
Ｌｗｓ离子液体因为兼有固体酸的不挥发性和液体酸高ｅｉ酸
气排出，干燥管干燥，Ｃ气体通人盛有吡啶／乙胺（０ｍＬ和Ｈ１＜－３）
密度反应活性位的优点，而且低腐蚀、化性和产物易分离、催回正庚烷混合液的锥形瓶中，混合液中的吡啶／乙胺反应，与三生收重复利用率高等优点，环境友好的酸催化方面表现出很大成吡啶／乙胺盐酸盐，在三直至吡啶／乙胺反应完全。吡啶／三三乙的潜力，将广泛应用于催化有机反应中。迄今为止，离子液体在胺盐酸盐抽虑真空干燥后，称取吡啶／乙胺盐酸盐按规定比例三烷基化、酰基化、羰基化、异构化、加氢反应、聚合反应、ｅｋ反应与ＺＣ：ＡＣ，Ｈｃｎ１或１１混合，入正庚烷溶剂，用精调加热套间隔加采和Ｄｅ —Ａｄｒｉｓｌ反应等催化反应体系中的应用研究已有大量报５℃加热反应至反应物开始熔化，ｌｅ并计时直至反应完全，即反应道Ｊ其中以强酸性Ｌｗｓ，ｅｉ氯铝酸离子液体最为常见。但很少物全部变成液体状态为止。反应过程中初始熔化温度即反应温有系统地合成Ｌｗｓｅｉ酸离子液体的报道，本文合成了不同摩尔组度，所计时间即反应时间。制备的离子液体［ｙＣＰ］１一ＡＣ１Ｉ、成的ＡＣＺＣ２１ｌ及ｎ１与吡啶盐（Ｐ］１和三乙胺盐（ｔＮＣ）［ｙＣ）ＥＨ１构［ｙＣ一ＺＣ２Ｅ３Ｈ１１１及Ｅ３Ｈ１ＺＣ２中阳阴摩尔Ｐ］１ｎ１、ｔＣ一ＡＣ３ＮｔＣ一ｎ１Ｎ成的Ｌｗｓｅｉ酸离子液体；对不同摩尔组成离子液体进行了熔点分组成皆为７：、４１：、６及３：。３６：、１４：７析、红外分析、酸性表征及热稳定性表征；采用所合成的离子并液体催化合成了六氯环三磷腈（ＴＰ，果表明缩短了反应时ＣＰ）结间，提高了产品收率。

Lewis酸催化的典型无溶剂有机合成反应及氮化碳基光催化剂制备与应用

Lewis酸催化的典型无溶剂有机合成反应及氮化碳基光催化剂制备与应用Lewis酸的催化作用在有机合成反应中起着重要的作用。

通过Lewis酸的参与，可以大大促进反应的进行，并提高反应的效率和选择性。

本文将介绍几个典型的无溶剂有机合成反应中Lewis酸的应用，并介绍氮化碳基光催化剂的制备和应用。

Lewis酸是指不带负电荷的电子亲和力较强的分子或离子，它们可以接受或共享电子对。

由于Lewis酸具有较强的电子亲和力，它们可以和反应物中的亲电性中心进行相互作用，从而加速化学反应的进行。

Lewis酸催化的典型无溶剂有机合成反应有：阿利伯酸催化的醛与亚胺的Mannich反应、硼酸催化的取代芳香烃的烷基化反应、三氯化铝催化的醛与富电子烯烃的Diels-Alder反应等。

Mannich反应是一种非常重要的有机合成反应，它可以在无溶剂条件下由醛、亚胺和胺反应得到β-胺基醇。

在常规的Mannich反应中，反应需要较高的温度和较长的反应时间，反应的产率也有限。

然而，利用阿利伯酸作为催化剂可以显著提高反应的效率和产率。

例如，当丙酮酮醛和乙酰亚胺在无溶剂条件下与催化剂2,2,2-三氟乙酸脱水剂进行反应时，反应在室温下进行，产率为95%。

在取代芳香烃的烷基化反应中，硼酸也被广泛应用为Lewis酸催化剂。

这种方法可以在无需使用有机溶剂的条件下，将醇和烯烃反应得到取代芳香烃。

例如，苯和1-十六烯在有硼酸存在下，在无溶剂条件下反应，得到对十六烯基苯的较高产率。

Diels-Alder反应是合成环化产物的重要反应之一。

它通常由有机分子与烯烃反应得到环加合物。

传统的Diels-Alder反应通常需要较高的温度和较长的反应时间，但利用三氯化铝作为催化剂可以显著提高反应的速率和产率。

例如，苯并[4,5]-二氢-1,2,3-三恶唑与丙酮在无溶剂条件下，在三氯化铝催化下进行的Diels-Alder反应，得到产率高达85%。

除了有机合成反应，光催化剂也是无溶剂有机合成中另一个重要的组成部分。

lewis酸催化

lewis酸催化Lewis酸催化是一种现代的有机合成方法，它可以使反应产生巨大的变化，从而使各种有机反应更快、更简便、更有效。

这种技术首次被引用是在20世纪30年代，由威廉勒维斯（William Lewis）提出，一直被用于有机合成中。

在过去的几十年里，Lewis酸催化反应已成为有机合成中一个重要的技术，可以快速进行有机反应，以及合成复杂的有机化合物。

这种合成方法在有机合成和医药领域发挥着重要作用。

Lewis酸催化的原理是通过将Lewis酸与Lewis基结合来抑制反应，从而生成新的有机物质。

Lewis酸是一类可以与金属离子产生化学反应的化合物，它们主要有氢氟酸、磷酸和氟化物等类型，它们可以与金属离子结合，形成Lewis酸催化剂，这些Lewis酸催化剂具有很强的催化作用，它们可以抑制反应的速率，从而使反应变得更加有效和可控。

由于Lewis酸抑制反应的过程中不会改变原有反应体系的整体性，所以它能够高效、可控地完成反应，所以Lewis酸催化反应是一种有机合成方法的重要表现。

Lewis酸催化反应可以应用于各种类型的有机反应，比如酯化反应、加成反应、芳基化等等。

酯化反应是Lewis酸催化反应最常用的类型，它可以使缩合反应加速，从而实现高效合成某种特定的有机物质。

另外，Lewis酸催化也可以用于环化反应，从而实现合成复杂的有机化合物。

综上所述，Lewis酸催化反应是一种非常有效的有机合成方法，可以应用于各种有机反应，从而实现有效的合成。

Lewis酸催化在医药领域的应用也非常广泛，在药物合成中，它可以起到极大的作用，比如有效抑制药物反应的反应速率，从而减少反应时间和合成成本，从而获得更高效的药物。

另外，Lewis酸催化也可以用于研究生物活性物质的分子结构，从而更好地理解生物活性物质的作用机理，从而帮助研发新药。

在结束本文之前，可以总结出Lewis酸催化是一种非常有效的有机合成方法，它可以加速各种有机反应，从而有效合成特定的有机物质，同时还能有效抑制反应的速率，这样在有机合成和药物领域都有重要的作用。

新型Brnsted-Lewis酸性离子液体的合成及其在

第30卷第5期催化学报 2009年5月V ol. 30 No. 5Chinese Journal of Catalysi sMay2009文章编号: 0253-9837(2009)05-0401-06研究论文: 401~406Received date: 27 November 2008.* Corresponding author. Tel: +86-532-84022864; Fax: +86-532-84022719; E-mail : yushitaoqust@ Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30571463).English edition available online at ScienceDirect (/science/journal/18722067).新型Brønsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体的合成及其在松香二聚反应中的应用刘仕伟 1, 解从霞 2, 于世涛 1, 咸漠 3, 刘福胜 11青岛科技大学化工学院, 山东青岛2660422青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院, 山东青岛2660423中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所, 山东青岛266101摘要：合成、表征了新型 Brønsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体 1-(3-磺酸)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐 ([HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2), 并将其用于催化松香二聚反应. 结果表明, [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (ZnCl 2摩尔分数x > 0.5)为 Brønsted 和 Lewis 双酸性, 且以 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) 的催化性能较佳. 在松香 5.0 g, 甲苯15 g, 离子液体质量分数 5%, 反应温度 110 o C 和反应时间 4 h 的较佳实验条件下, 所得产物聚合松香的软化点为 118 o C. 此外, 该催化剂的使用有利于产物的分离且分离的离子液体催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能.关键词：Brønsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体; 松香; 二聚反应; 催化中图分类号：O643 文献标识码：AA Brønsted-Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid: Its Synthesis and Useas the Catalyst in Rosin DimerizationLIU Shiwei 1, XIE Congxia 2, YU Shitao 1,*, XIAN Mo 3, LIU Fusheng 11College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China2College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China 3Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, ChinaAbstract: Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquids 1-(3-sulfonic acid)-propyl-3-methylimidazole chlorozincinates ([HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl- ZnCl 2) were synthesized and characterized. The characterization results indicated that [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (molar fraction of ZnCl 2 x > 0.5) had both Brønsted and Lewis acid properties. The catalytic properties of these ionic liquids were investigated using the dimerization of rosin, and it was shown that ionic liquid [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was a good catalyst. Under the optimum conditions for polymerization, i.e., rosin 5.0 g, toluene 15 g, the mass fraction of ionic liquid 5%, reaction temperature 110 o C, and reaction time 4 h, a product with the softening point of 118 o C was obtained. It was also found that the product was easily separated from the reaction mixture and the ionic liquid catalyst had good reusability.Key words: Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid; rosin; dimerization; catalysisRosin is a kind of solid resinous mass obtained naturally from pine trees. Rosin mainly contains resin acids (abietic and pimaric) and a small amount of nonacidic components. The abietic resin acids contain neoabietic acid, palustric acid, abietic acid, etc., and the pimaric resin acids include pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, sandarecopimaric acid, etc. Due to the conjugated double bonds and carboxyl group,resin acids can be easily oxidized by air and crystallized in the process of usage. To solve these problems, rosin is modified to polymerized rosin, which is produced by the dimerization of abietic acids. Polymerized rosin is widely used in paints, varnishes, cosmetics, printing ink, binding agents, etc. and is one of the most important products of rosin derivatives [1–3]. The dimerization of rosin is actually402 催化学报第30卷the dimerization of abietic acid. Other abietic resin acids and pimaric resin acids are not dimerized due to their large steric hindrance, but the former can be isomerized to abietic acid. Traditionally, Brønsted acid (H 2SO 4 or HCOOH), Lewis acid (BCl 3 or ZnCl 2), or their mixture were used in the dimerization of rosin [4,5]. The Brønsted acid is good for the isomerization of the resin acids, and the Lewis acid for the dimerization of abietic acid [5]. The drawbacks of these catalysts include the serious corrosion of equipment, the complicated separation procedure, environmental pollu-tion, and non-recyclability of the catalysts.In recent years, Brønsted and Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as environmentally friendly catalysts have received much attention from researchers. Several organic reactions, such as esterification [6–9], carbonylation [10,11], polym-erization [12,13], Friedel-Crafts [14–19], Beckmann [20,21], and Diels-Alder [22], have been reported to pro-ceed in acidic ILs with excellent selectivity and yield. However, these ILs only possess either Brønsted acidity or Lewis acidity. Methods for the preparation of Brønsted and Lewis acidic (represented as Brønsted-Lewis acidic) cata-lyst systems have even been reported by bubbling dried HCl gas into the Lewis acidic ILs [23,24], but these are mixtures and not real Brønsted-Lewis acidic ILs. Moerover, the use of HCl gas is very hazardous, and it is easily lost in the process of reuse because of its high volatility.In our laboratory, studies on the polymerization of rosin catalyzed by both traditional catalysts and acidic IL cata-lysts have been performed [25,26]. Compared with tradi-tional catalysts, the IL catalysts exhibited many outstanding advantages, such as simplicity and efficiency of the method and easy product isolation. Therefore, new kinds of stable Brønsted-Lewis acidic ILs ([HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2) were synthesized, characterized, and used in the polymeri-zation of rosin in the present paper.1 Experimental1.1 Catalyst preparationExtra-rosin (pimaric acid 11.9%, isopimaric acid 5.3%, sandarecopimaric acid 1.7%, levopimaric acid 4.7%, neoabietic acid 14.6%, palustric acid 21.5%, dehydroabietic acid 5.0%, and abietic acid 35.2%), 1-methylimidazole (99.8%, Zhejiang Kaile Chemicals Co. Ltd. China), 1,3-propane sultone (1,2-oxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 99.7%,Wuhan Fengfan Chemicals Co. Ltd. China), and other chemicals (analytic purity) were commercially available and used without further purification.Under vigorous stirring, 12.2 g (0.1 mol) 1,3-propane sulfone was dissolved in 50 ml acetate ether, and then 8.2 g (0.1 mol) 1-methylimidazole was dropped slowly in the solution at 50 o C. The mixture was then stirred for 2 h, and the resultant mixture was filtered to get a white precipitate. The precipitate was washed with 30 ml acetate ether three times and dried at 100 o C for 2 h to get 18.6 g MIM-PS as a white powder. Then, 10.2 g (0.05 mol) MIM-PS was dis-solved in 15 ml water, and 4.9 g (0.05 mol) hydrochloric acid was dropped slowly at room temperature. After drop-ping, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and further heated in an oil bath at about 90 o C for 2 h. After that, the water of the mixture was removed under vacuum at 90 o C to get 11.6 g 1-(3-sulfonic acid)-propyl-3- methylimidazolechloride ([HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl) as a white viscous liquid at room temperature. MIM-PS ：IR (KBr): ν = 3464, 3199, 2989, 1629, 1485, 1454, 1222, 1149, 1041, 735, 603, 518 cm −1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, D 2O): δ = 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 4.30 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 2.85 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (500 MHz,D 2O): δ = 135.82, 123.50, 121.85,47.41, 46.97, 35.46, 24.73. HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl ：IR (KBr): ν = 3382, 3142, 3117, 1720, 1653, 1572, 1227, 1171, 1029, 807, 592 cm −1；1H NMR (500 MHz, D 2O): δ = 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 4.16 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.71 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (m, 2H)；13C NMR (500 MHz, D 2O)：δ = 134.72, 123.31, 122.16, 47.75, 46.92, 35.26, 24.73.[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl was reacted with various amounts of ZnCl 2 at 60 o C for 2 h to get [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl- ZnCl 2 as a viscous liquid at room temperature. With an in-crease of the ZnCl 2 mass, the viscosity of the obtained ILs also increased. The Lewis acidity of IL was varied by the ZnCl 2 mass. When the molar fraction of ZnCl 2 (x ) was less than 0.5, the ILs only processed Brønsted acidity and no Lewis acidity. When the molar fraction of ZnCl 2 was over 0.5, the Lewis acidic behavior of ILs was controlled largely by the reaction in Scheme 1. [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64): IR (KBr): ν = 3452, 3158, 3117, 2973, 1627, 1580, 1467, 1249, 1171, 1046, 838, 751, 628, 533 cm −1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO)：δ = 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 4.14 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO):Scheme 1. ILs based on trichlorozincinate anions.第5期刘仕伟等: 新型Brønsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体的合成及其在松香二聚反应中的应用 403δ = 133.81, 121.28, 120.04, 46.57, 45.86, 34.32, 23.35; Zn 2+ = 23.50% (GB1625-79). ESI-MS: m/z (+) 204.9 and 286.8, m/z (−) 170.7 and 306.6. 1.2 Catalyst characterizationFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was car-ried out on a Nicolet 510P FT-IR spectrometer in the range of 4 500–400 cm –1. NMR spectra were taken on a Bruker A V500 Fourier-transform spectrometer with reference to SiMe 4 using solvent dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) contain-ing 5% sample. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed by a Shimadzu LC-MS 2010A equipped with a Shimpeck VP-ODS 15 cm × 2.0 mm and a Shimpack GVP-ODS guard column 5 cm × 2.0 mm, using a mixed solvent of DMSO and methanol containing 1% sam-ple. Ions were formed for mass spectrometric detection us-ing positive ion electron impact ionization (EI) at the elec-tron energy of 70 eV. 1.3 Catalytic performanceIn a typical experiment, 5 g rosin, 15 g solvent toluene, and 1 g catalyst were reacted at 110 o C for 4 h. After reac-tion, the upper layer (solvent and unreacted reactant) con-taining the polymerized rosin was separated from the ILs catalyst layer at the bottom of the flask simply by decanta-tion. The ILs catalyst layer was reused without any disposal. Without adding water, the product of the polymerized rosin was obtained after removing the solvent by distillation. The softening point of product was measured by a SDY-2806 asphalt softening point machine according to the circular ball method [4]. The color and acid value were measured by2.1 CharacterizationThe ESI-MS results showed that the cations of [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x 0.64) were mainly [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]+ (m/z : 204.9) and [mim-HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]+(m/z : 286.8). The latter was the complex of the [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]+ and 1-methylimidazole. [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]+ possessed sulfonic acid as a Brønsted acid. The anions of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x =0.64) were mainly [ZnCl 3]− (m/z : 170.7) and [Zn 2Cl 5]− (m/z : 306.60), and Cl − was not found, which indicated that Cl − was completely reacted with ZnCl 2. The anion [Zn 2Cl 5]− resulting from the reaction of [ZnCl 3]− and ZnCl 2 has Lewis acidity. Therefore, it can be concluded that ZnCl 2 did not react with the sulfo-nic acid of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl, and [HO 3S-(CH 2)3- mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was Brønsted and Lewis acidic. Acetonitrile is a weak base and usually used as the FT-IR spectroscopy probe to characterize the acidic strength of Lewis acids. In general, the nitrile group is reacted with the Lewis acid to produce a CN-Lewis complex, which shows a new absorption peak at 2200–2400 cm −1 in the FT-IR spec-tra. With the increase of the Lewis acidic strength, this ab-sorption peak moves to higher wavenumbers. Thus, ace-tonitrile has been used as a probe to characterize the Lewis acidic strength of ILs [16,27]. Here, this method was also employed to indicate the Lewis acidic strength of the syn-thesized ILs. As shown in Fig. 1, the peaks of acetoni-trile/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.5) were nearly the same as that of acetonitrile. They both had two absorption peaks at 2260 and 2285 cm −1, which indicated that [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.5) was not Lewis acidic. In the spectra of acetonitrile/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.6) and acetonitrile/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x =0.64), new absorption peaks at 2314 and 2316 cm −1 ap-peared besides the two peaks mentioned above, respec-tively. The new absorption peak was the characteristic ab-sorption peak of the CN-Lewis complex. This means thatWavenumber (cm −1)Fig. 1. FT-IR spectra of ILs using acetonitrile as probe. (1) Pure ace-tonitrile; (2) Acetonitrile/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.5); (3) Acetonitrile/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.6); (4) Acetonitrile/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64). Acetonitrile is 1/2 in volume in the samples of (2)–(4).404 催化学报第30卷both [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.6) and [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) had Lewis acidity. More-over, the wavenumber of the peak of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3- mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was higher than that of [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.6), which meant that the Lewis acidity of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was stronger than that of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.6). As a FT-IR spectroscopy probe, pyridine can react with Brønsted and Lewis acids and to produce the cation [PyH]+ and the Py-Lewis complex, respectively. [PyH]+ has an ab-sorption peak near 1540 cm −1 in the FT-IR spectra, and the absorption peak of Py-Lewis is close to 1450 cm −1. By ob-serving these two peaks, the acidic type of the sample can be deduced. This method has been used to characterize the acidic type of solid acids and Lewis acidic ILs [28]. There-fore, this method was also used to characterize [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64). As shown in Fig. 2, com-pared with the spectra of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64), two new absorption peaks of 1535 and 1452 cm −1 appeared in the FT-IR spectra of pyridine/[HO 3S-(CH 2)3- mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64), which indicated that [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was Brønsted and Lewis acidic.13501400145015001550160016501700Wavenumber (cm −1)T r a n s m i t t a n c e(1)(2)(3)145215351440Fig. 2. FT-IR spectra of samples using pyridine as probe. (1) Pure pyridine; (2) [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64); (3) Pyridine/ [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64). Pyridine is 1/2 in volume.2.2 Effect of different catalysts on the polymerization of rosinThe catalytic performance of different catalysts is shown in Table 1. When the catalyst was H 2SO 4-ZnCl 2, the soften-ing point of polymerized rosin reached 134 o C, but the acid value was less than 140 mg/g, and the color was black. In particular, the separation of the acidic sludge or emulsion during work-up in this process was very troublesome. When Lewis acidic ZnCl 2 and Brønsted acidic IL [HO 3S-(CH 2)3- mim]Cl were used as catalysts, the dimerization reaction was slight, and the softening points of the products were102 and 100 o C, respectively. Compared with the blank ex-periment, these had almost no catalytic activity. The Lewis acidic ILs depended on the amount of ZnCl 2 in the [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2. With an increased amount of ZnCl 2, the Lewis acidity of ILs became stronger. Among the inves-tigated ILs, the IL had no Lewis acidity when the molar fraction of ZnCl 2 was 0.5, and the softening point of the polymerized rosin was only 100 o C. This was equal to that of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl. When the molar fraction of ZnCl 2 was increased to 0.64, the softening point of the polymer-ized rosin reached 118 o C, which was 21 o C higher than that without the catalyst. It was concluded that the softening point of the product can be increased by an increase in Lewis acidity. However, the softening point of the polymer-ized rosin was decreased to about 100 o C when the Lewis acidity of ILs was too strong (x = 0.67 and 0.69). This may be because the viscosity of the ILs increased with the in-crease of ZnCl 2 mass. When the molar fraction of ZnCl 2 was more than 0.64, the IL dispersion was very bad in the reac-tion mixture. In all the experiments using ILs as the cata-lysts, the color of polymerized rosin was 8–9 ghana, and the acid value was close to 150 mg/g, which showed that there was almost no oxidation and decarboxylation of the rosin acids. Therefore, it was concluded that the Brønsted-Lewis acidic IL [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) gave good catalytic performance for the dimerization of rosin.2.3 Effect of reaction conditions on the rosin polym-erizationTable 2 shows the effects of amount of catalyst [HO 3S- (CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) on the polymerization of rosin. The dosage of the catalyst is the concentration of the catalyst in the reaction mixture. When the dosage of catalyst was 5.0%, 118 o C as the softening point was achieved. However, no obvious increase in the softening point wasTable 1 Effect of different catalysts on the dimerization of rosinCatalystSofteningpoint (o C)Acid value (mg/g) None 97 163.7H 2SO 4-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.42)134138.2ZnCl 2 102 159.2 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl 100160.1 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.50) 100 154.8 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.60) 114 148.9 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) 118 148.7 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.67) 102 157.8 [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.69) 98157.3Reaction conditions: rosin 5 g, toluene 15 g, reaction time 4 h, reactiontemperature 110 o C, catalyst 1 g.第5期刘仕伟等: 新型Brønsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体的合成及其在松香二聚反应中的应用 405observed with the further increase of the catalyst dosage. Therefore, the optimal dosage of catalyst was 5.0%.The effect of reaction temperature on the polymerization was investigated by varying the reaction temperature from 90 to 120 o C. The results are also given in Table 2. The catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic properties at 110 o C, and the softening point of polymerized rosin reached 118 oC. Therefore, 110 o C was the optimal reaction temperature. The effect of reaction time on the polymerization was in-vestigated by varying the reaction time from 3 to 6 h. As shown in Table 2, no obvious change was observed after 4 h of reaction. Therefore, the optimal reaction time was 4 h.Table 2 Effect of reaction conditions on the dimerization of rosinCatalyst dosage (%)Reaction temperature (o C)Reaction time (h) Softening point (o C)Acid value (mg/g)2.5 110 4 102 164.6 5.0 110 4 118 148.7 7.5 110 4 117 144.3 10.0 110 4 120 136.6 5.0 90 4 106 161.55.0 100 4 112 152.45.0 110 4 118 148.75.0 120 4 120 138.75.0 110 3 112 150.65.0 110 4 118 148.7 5.0 110 5 119 142.25.0 110 6 118 136.5 Reaction conditions: rosin 5 g, toluene 15 g. 2.4 Reuse of the ionic liquid[HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was selected to investigate the reusability of the ILs. The results are given in Table 3. It can be seen that the softening point of the po-lymerized rosin was almost unchanged after [HO 3S-(CH 2)3- mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64) was repeatedly used five times, which indicated that the Brønsted-Lewis acidic ILs had excellent recyclability in the dimerization of rosin. This result was explained in terms of two aspects. First, in the [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64), an alkane sulfonic acid group was catalytically active for the isomerization. This was covalently tethered to the IL cation, and this groupcannot be easily lost. Second, the [Zn 2Cl 5]− anion of the IL was the site of catalytic activity for the dimerization. It was inert and stable in water or Brønsted acid, so its activity was also not easily lost. In order to show the intactness of the repeatedly used ILs, the FT-IR spectra are shown in Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 3, the FT-IR spectra of the reused (five times) IL were almost similar to that of the unused IL. It was clear that the structure of the reused IL was retained.Wavenumber (cm −1)T r a n s m i t t a n c e(1)(2)Fig. 3. FT-IR spectra of [HO 3S-(CH 2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl 2 (x = 0.64). (1) Unused IL; (2) Repeatedly used five times. 3 Conclusions Brønsted-Lewis acidic ILswere synthesized, character-ized, and used in the dimerization of rosin. The cation con-tributed to Brønsted acidity and mainly catalyzed the isom-erization of the non-abietic acids. The anion gave Lewis acidity to the ILs and catalyzed the dimerization reaction of abietic acid. Compared with traditional catalysts, the Brøn-sted-Lewis acidic ILs exhibit many outstanding advantages, such as simplicity, efficiency, and easy product isolation. However, the softening point of the product was less than that of the traditional catalysts. Thus, more research should be done to improve the catalytic performance of these Brønsted-Lewis acidic ILs.References1 Pathak Y V, Shinghatgiri M, Dorle A K. J Microencapsul , 1987, 4: 1072 Sheorey D S, Dorle A K. J Microencapsul , 1991, 8: 2433 Chen G F. Prog Org Coat , 1992, 20:1394 Li L, Yu S T, Liu F S, Xie C X, Zhang S F, Yang J Z.Catal Commun , 2007, 8: 719 5 程芝, 张晋康, 金琦. 天然树脂生产工艺学. 北京: 中国林产出版社(Cheng Zh, Zhang J K, Jin Q. Process Technology of Natural Resins. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House), 1996. 146Table 3 Reuse of Brønsted-Lewis acidic ILs Cycle Softening point ( o C) Acid value (mg/g)1 116 151.72 118 148.23 116 150.14 117 154.85 115151.9406 催化学报第30卷6Cole A C, Jensen J L, Ntai I, Tran K L T, Weaver K J, Forbes D C, Davis J H. J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124: 5962 7Forbes D C, Weaver K J. J Mol Catal A, 2004, 214: 1298Li H L, Yu S T, Liu F S, Xie C X, Li L. Catal Commun, 2007, 8: 17599Xie C X, Li H L, Li L, Yu S T, Liu F S. J Hazard Mater, 2008, 151: 84710Zhao W J, Jiang X Z. Catal Lett, 2006, 107: 12311Li T, Souma Y S, Xu Q. Catal Today, 2006, 111: 28812Carlin R T, Wilkes J S. 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J Am Chem Soc, 1989, 111: 507525刘仕伟, 于世涛, 刘福胜, 解从霞, 毛常明. 林产化学与工业(Liu S W, Yu S T, Liu F S, Xie C X, Mao C M.Chem Ind Fore Prod), 2005, 25(SO): 6526Liu S W, Xie C X, Yu S T, Liu F S. Catal Commun, 2008, 9: 203027Yang Y L, Kou Y. Chem Commun, 2004: 22628杨雅立, 王晓化, 寇元. 催化学报(Yang Y L, Wang X H, Kou Y. Chin J Catal), 2004, 25: 60。

Lewis酸离子液体催化合成2’，4’，6’-三甲基苯乙酮

Lewis酸离子液体催化合成2’，4’，6’-三甲基苯乙酮王敏;项斌;钟佳琪【期刊名称】《浙江化工》【年(卷),期】2012(043)006【摘要】Four kinds of Lewis acid ionic liquids were prepared, and their catalytic activities for Friedel- Crafts acylation of mesitylene and acetic anhydride were measured. The impacts of factors on the reaction were explored when [Emim]Br-AlCl3 was chosen as the catalyst and solvent. Under the conditions of 80 ℃, x（A1Cl3）-0.67 and n（[Emim]Br-AlCl3）：n（1,3,5-trimethylbenzene）：n（acetic anhydride）=1：3：1, the yield of the product could reach 73.4% after 6 h reaction.%合成了四种Lewis酸离子液体，考察其对均三甲苯和乙酸酐的Friedel—Crafts酰基化反应的催化活性后，选定以[Emim]Br—A1Cl3为溶剂兼催化剂合成2’，4’，6’一三甲基苯乙酮。

探讨了A1C1，的摩尔分数、反应时间、反应温度和反应物摩尔比等因素对产物收率的影响。

当inch摩尔分数x（AlCl3）=0．67，n（[Emim]Br—AICl3）：n （均三甲苯）：n（乙酸酐）=1：3：1，反应温度80℃，反应时间6h时，产物收率最高可达73．4％。

【总页数】3页(P9-11)【作者】王敏;项斌;钟佳琪【作者单位】浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院,浙江杭州310014;浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院,浙江杭州310014;浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院,浙江杭州310014【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ225.241【相关文献】1.手性Lewis酸催化三甲基氰化硅与醛的不对称加成--手性α-氰醇的合成 [J], 赵建章;刘举正;王宗睦;赵冰2.离子液体催化氧化2,3,6-三甲基苯酚合成2,3,5-三甲基苯醌 [J], 王宪沛;杨瑞云;李文;李小安;阎俊;刘卫涛;张辉辉3.Lewis酸离子液体催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮 [J], 赵地顺;申晓冰;李倩;张妍;董兰芬4.Lewis酸离子液体催化合成4-甲基苯乙酮 [J], 史津晖;项斌;王敏5.Lewis酸性离子液体催化合成二苯甲酮的研究 [J], 蔡亮因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

对甲基苯乙酮的合成 -回复

对甲基苯乙酮的合成-回复甲基苯乙酮（Methylphenylketone），又称为苯乙酮或乙苯酮，是一种重要的有机合成中间体化合物。

它广泛用于医药、香料、染料和农药等领域，并且也是许多有机合成反应的重要起始物。

甲基苯乙酮的化学结构中含有一个苯环和一个酮基。

它的分子式为C9H10O，显示出一定的风险和危险性，因此，在化学实验室中合成甲基苯乙酮时，需要采取安全措施。

一般来说，合成甲基苯乙酮的方法有几种，但其中相对常用的方法是通过Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应来合成。

以下将详细介绍甲基苯乙酮的合成过程。

第一步：制备Friedel-Crafts酰氯试剂首先，需要制备Friedel-Crafts酰氯试剂。

将干燥的无水铝氯化物（AlCl3）加入无水氯仿（CHCl3）中，然后在冷却的条件下滴加较慢的速度下，将干燥的酰氯加入反应体系中。

反应完成后，将反应混合物除去溶剂，得到Friedel-Crafts酰氯试剂。

第二步：反应物准备在反应瓶中，将苯和丙酮以1：1的比例混合，制备苯和丙酮的混合物。

第三步：反应与生成甲基苯乙酮将制备好的苯和丙酮的混合物加入反应瓶中，然后加入制备好的Friedel-Crafts酰氯试剂。

反应过程需要在室温下搅拌，同时需要控制反应的速度和温度。

将反应瓶密封，然后放置在反应帽罩下进行。

在反应进行的过程中，可以观察到反应物的颜色发生变化，从无色逐渐变为深黄色。

这个颜色的变化表明反应正在进行。

反应完成后，将反应瓶中的反应物用稀盐酸进行酸化处理，使生成的甲基苯乙酮从反应混合物中分离出来。

酸化后，可以通过水洗去除残余的无机盐。

最后，使用旋转蒸发仪将水洗的甲基苯乙酮溶液进行浓缩，得到纯净的甲基苯乙酮。

需要注意的是，在整个合成过程中，需要注意实验室安全，并采取必要的防护措施，如佩戴防护眼镜、手套和实验服。

综上所述，通过Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应，我们可以合成甲基苯乙酮。

这是一种重要的有机合成中间体化合物，具有广泛的应用领域。

路易斯酸催化反应机理

路易斯酸催化反应机理一、引言路易斯酸催化反应是有机化学中常见的一种反应类型，其机理复杂多样。

本文将对路易斯酸催化反应的机理进行详细讲解。

二、路易斯酸催化反应概述路易斯酸催化反应是指在有机合成中，通过加入路易斯酸作为催化剂来促进反应的进行。

在这种反应中，路易斯酸与底物形成复合物，使得底物分子更容易发生反应。

该类反应广泛存在于有机合成中，如烷基化、烷基转移、取代基转移等。

三、路易斯酸的定义路易斯酸是指具有空穴轨道（即缺少一个电子对）的分子或离子，它们能够吸引一个电子对或负离子。

典型的路易斯酸包括金属离子（如Al3+）、硼烷（如B(CH3)3）和卤素（如BF3）等。

四、底物与路易斯酸形成复合物在路易斯酸催化反应中，底物与路易斯酸会发生相互作用，并形成一个复合物。

这个复合物具有更高的反应活性，因为它能够更容易地发生化学反应。

五、复合物的稳定性复合物的稳定性取决于底物和路易斯酸之间的相互作用强度。

这种相互作用可以通过化学键来实现，如氢键、范德华力等。

六、复合物的解离当底物与路易斯酸形成复合物后，它们会发生一系列反应。

其中一个重要的步骤是复合物的解离。

在这个过程中，底物与路易斯酸分开并重新形成自由态分子。

七、路易斯酸催化反应机理路易斯酸催化反应机理是一个非常复杂的过程，通常涉及多个步骤和中间体。

这里以烷基化为例进行讲解：1. 底物与路易斯酸形成复合物；2. 复合物经历一个或多个中间体（如卡宾或碳正离子）；3. 中间体进一步发生反应，生成最终产物和自由态分子。

八、总结路易斯酸催化反应是有机化学中非常重要的一类反应类型。

通过加入路易斯酸作为催化剂，可以促进反应的进行。

在这个过程中，底物与路易斯酸形成复合物，并通过一系列反应步骤生成最终产物和自由态分子。

lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应机理

lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应机理酯交换反应是一种重要的有机合成反应，可以通过Lewis酸催化剂催化进行。

这种反应通过酯化剂和脱水剂促进酯的生成，是一种重要的有机合成方法。

本文将详细介绍Lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应的机理及其应用。

一、Lewis酸的基本概念Lewis酸是指一种可以接受电子对的化合物或离子，他们具有一些共同的特性，比如能够与亲电试剂发生加成反应、可能形成配合物等。

典型的Lewis酸包括金属离子、金属酸根以及一些较强的酸类等。

在有机合成中，Lewis酸通常用作催化剂来促进一些重要反应的进行。

二、酯交换反应的基本概念酯交换反应是指酸酐类化合物与醇类或酚类物质发生互换反应，生成新的酯化合物以及相应的酸酐或醇类或酚类产物。

酯交换反应在有机合成中有很广泛的应用，是制备酯类化合物的主要方法之一。

这种反应通常需要通过酯化剂和脱水剂促进反应进行。

三、Lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应的机理Lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应的机理如下：1.酯化剂的作用首先，酯化剂将亲电试剂吸附在其表面，并活化其反应性。

酯化剂的官能团与亲电试剂的官能团发生相互作用，从而形成一个中间体。

这个中间体是反应进行的关键。

2.中间体的形成Lewis酸催化剂将亲电试剂吸附在其表面，并活化其反应性。

接着，Lewis酸催化剂通过与亲电试剂的孤对电子形成键合，并促进酯交换反应的进行。

这个中间体的形成是整个反应过程的关键步骤。

3.生成产物最后，通过在Lewis酸催化剂的作用下，中间体与另一个醇类或酚类物质发生互换反应，生成新的酯化合物以及相应的酸酐或醇类或酚类产物。

四、Lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应的应用由于Lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应具有反应条件温和，具有较宽的底物适用范围等优点，因此在有机合成中有着广泛的应用。

特别是在工业上，酯交换反应广泛应用于合成聚酯等高分子材料。

此外，酯交换反应还用于有机化学中进行酯合成等。

五、结语总之，Lewis酸催化剂催化酯交换反应是一种重要的有机合成方法。

Lewis酸性离子液体合成、表征及其催化性能的研究

Lewis酸性离子液体合成、表征及其催化性能的研究王勇;姜金华【摘要】合成了基于吡啶、三乙胺阳离子不同阳阴摩尔组成的[Py]Cl-AlCl3、[Py]Cl-ZnCl2、Et3NHCl-AlCl3及Et3NHCl-ZnCl2离子液体;测定了不同摩尔组成[Py]Cl-AlCl3和[Py]Cl-ZnCl2离子液体熔点,最后以制备的四种阳阴摩尔比均为4∶6的离子液体催化合成六氯环三磷腈,结果表明具有中等Lewis酸性的ZnCl2离子液体所得产物的产量高、选择性好,而强酸性的AlCl3离子液体并不适合该反应的合成。

%Lewis acidic ionic liquids based on pyridine and triethylamine including Cl-AlCl3,Cl-ZnCl2,Et3NHCl-AlCl3 and Et3NHCl-ZnCl2 were synthesized.Melting points of different molar ration Cl-AlCl3 and Cl-ZnCl2 ionic liquids were estimated.At last,these molar ration 6：4 ionic liquids were used as catalytic in the synthesis of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.The results showed that rate-enhancement and higher selectivity for hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene were obtained when the ZnCl2 ionic liquids were used as catalytic,while the AlCl3 ionic liquids were not suitable for the synthesis.【期刊名称】《广州化工》【年(卷),期】2011(039)021【总页数】3页(P107-109)【关键词】离子液体;合成;表征;催化性能【作者】王勇;姜金华【作者单位】陕西煤业化工集团神木天元化工有限公司,陕西榆林719319;陕西煤业化工集团神木天元化工有限公司,陕西榆林719319【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ225.241Lewis酸离子液体因为兼有固体酸的不挥发性和液体酸高密度反应活性位的优点，而且低腐蚀、催化性和产物易分离、回收重复利用率高等优点，在环境友好的酸催化方面表现出很大的潜力，将广泛应用于催化有机反应中。