unit4 migratory birds and coffee

在北美洲和拉丁美洲，候鸟在传统咖啡种 植园类似森林的环境中找到栖息地。
While this manner of cultivation produces substantially increased yields, these cannot be sustained for many years without intensive management (additions of chemical fertilizers and a range of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides). yield n. v. His business yields big profits. 他的生意带来巨大的利润。 The soldiers had to yield. 士兵们被迫投降。 These trees gave a high yield of fruit this year. 这些果树今年获得了大丰收。
What’s the relationship between migratory birds and the shade grown coffee? Migratory birds have found a sanctuary in the shade grown coffee plantations. Coffee and cacao make good migrant habitat.
While technified coffee may signify benefits to producers in terms of total crop output—a condition which may not hold true over the long run, and already proven false in some areas where sun coffee is being grown—the relentless push of agribusiness to produce more coffee per unit area may have serious environmental and social consequences.
What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation? migrants’ habitat shade trees: commodities
Why do people begin to adopt sun coffee production? This manner of cultivation produces increased yields.
Shade coffee presents a tremendous opportunity for both conservation and economic gain, in that such a relatively benign form of agriculture has been and continues to be so significant an economic engine for the Latin American and Caribbean region.
咖啡是石油和钢铁之后美国第三最常见进 口物品。
In dollar value, coffee is second only to petroleum as the most important legal export commodity in the world 按美元价值计算，咖啡仅次于石油，是世 界上最重要的合法出口商品
Unit 4 Migratory Birds and Coffee
Migratory birds: 候鸟
Coffee countries
Mexico 墨西哥 Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加 Colombia 哥伦比亚 the Caribbean 加勒比地区
Skimming
Go through the passage quickly and decide the main idea.
This form of land use may itself be on the way to becoming an endangered species.
这种土地使用形式自身也许正成为一个濒 危的物种。
Questions: What are the two different ways of coffee cultivation mentioned in the text? What’s the relationship between migratory birds and the shade grown coffee? What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation?
8 minutes
Language points
1. In both North and Latin America, migratory birds have found a sanctuary in the forest-like environment of traditional coffee plantations. Sanctuary a bird [an animal] sanctuary 鸟类保护区 逃跑的囚犯在寺院里获得了庇护。 The escaped prisoner found sanctuary in the temple.
While this manner of cultivation produces substantially increased yields, these cannot be sustained for many years without intensive management (additions of chemical fertilizers and a range of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides). 这样的种植方式提高了产量，但是，如果 没有精心管理(添加化肥和使用一系列除虫 剂、除草剂和杀菌剂)，就不能持续多年高 产。
The few studies that have been conducted have found that the diversity of migratory birds plummets when coffee is converted from shade to sun. Plummet :drop sharply Convert—conversion 转变,变换[(+to/into)] They converted the garage into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。 2. 使皈依;使改变信仰[(+from/to)] The priest converted many natives into Christianity. 这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。
refuge躲避;避难;庇护
In the storm we took refuge under a big tree. 在那次暴风雨中,我们躲在一棵大树下。 一个小窑洞是抵御寒冷的唯一藏身之处。 A small cave was the only refuge from the cold.
In both North and Latin America, migratory birds have found a sanctuary in the forestlike environment of traditional coffee plantations.
saftguard
The Bill of Rights safeguards our individual liberties. 权力法案保护我们的个人自由。 We make copies of our computer disks as a safeguard against accidents. 我们复制了计算机磁盘以防意外。
Some agricultural practices are compatible with the maintenance of high populations of migrants . The new operating system should be compatible with existing hardware.
遮荫咖啡为自然保护和经济利益均提供了巨大 的机会，因为这样相对宜人的农业形式在拉丁 美洲和加勒比地区一直并且继third most common import in the U.S., behind oil and steel, respectively.
新的操作系统应与现有硬件兼容。 有些农业实践有利于保持保持迁徙鸟类的 数量。
Birds are only one indicator of the role that coffee plays in protecting biological diversity.
鸟类只是咖啡在保护生物多样化方面所起 作用中的一个标志而已。
Page54 Exercise A
(6 minutes)
Scanning
Try to choose the right answer to each question on page 54 and locate the evidence of your choice in your textbook.
Traditional coffee farming reduces the farmer's dependence on expensive chemical applications, safeguarding growers and their families from the possible harmful effects of contact with pesticides. 。传统咖啡种植减少农场主对昂贵的化学 物品的依赖，保护种植者及其家庭免遭与 杀虫剂接触可能带来的有害后果。