2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(31)
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(27)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(27)完形填空My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse (松鸡)．It's __1__for a grouse to have any contact (接触) with people.In fact, they're hard to spot, __2__ they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.This grouse came into our lives in__3__.Tom was working out in the field when he__4__ her walking around at the edge of the field.She was __5__unafraid and seemed to be __6__ about what he was doing.Tom saw the __7__bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him.We quickly grew__8__of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch.Tom__9__he didn't see her and kept working to see what she would do next.Apparently, she didn't like to be __10__.She'd run up and peck (啄) at Tom's hands, then __11__ off to see what he would do.This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the __12__and left.As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to __13__ more and more often.__14__Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom's leg and stay long enough for me to get a__15__ of the two of them together.This friendly grouse soon felt__16__ not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.When hunting season opened, we put a __17__ at the end of our driveway asking __18__ not to shoot our pet grouse.My father, who lived down the road, __19__warned people not to shoot her.__20__，hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.解题导语：作者的丈夫与一只松鸡成了朋友！在狩猎季节，大家一起提醒猎人不要猎杀那只松鸡，事实上，猎人们对这只和人类成为好朋友的松鸡非常好奇。
2019-2020年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(31)
2019-2020年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友（31）Years ago, I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required.The hero invites the bad guy to his home and offers him a glass of water.The man takes the glass and drinks the water.After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and picks up the glass.His expressions show the satisfaction at a job well done.The bad guy will soon be arrested.At that time, I found it amazing－how can prints on a glass identify people? My dad explained that if you were to press your thumb on an inkpad and then on a sheet of white paper you will leave a smudge or print, which no one else in the world can make.The same would be true for each of your fingers.The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification－it was used as a signature on important documents, although they had no way of independently matching it with the owner.Each print is oneofakind and no two people have the same characteristic.Scientists and criminologists (those who study criminal characteristics) determine the differences between fingerprints by a careful study of their curves and not by their general shape or pattern.In 1892, an English scientist, Sir Francis Galton, published a book on using fingerprints to solve crimes.At the same time in Argentina, a police researcher Juan Vucetich was also working towards a fingerprint classification system.However, it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally.Sir Edward Henry and his assistant Khan Haque discovered that all fingerprints could be systematically classified according to their general curve patterns.He divided them into three classes on the basis of their general pattern: loops (箕形纹), whorls (斗形纹), and arches (弓形纹)．By counting the curve between any two points in the pattern, each of the ten fingers could be classified into a particular group.Taking the group together as a unit you have a complete system of classifying fingerprints.In June 1897, the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he applied the system.This system, called the science of fingerprint identification, is still used by police departments all over the world today with few changes.解题导语：文章主要向我们介绍了指纹印证用于犯罪治理的过程。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(46)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(46)阅读理解An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Bo ok ” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago, the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book, One Chicago”program.As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and characters.The only problem arose in New York, where local readers couldnot decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point, putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.Ultimately, as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_word．解题导语：西雅图一名图书管理员发起了一项全城读书的运动，希望可以帮助人们充实自己，加强与别人的沟通。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(11)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(11)阅读理解For years we have been dieting strictly after the year-end overeating, afraid that when summer comes, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate.Now scientists say, it's a little bug that causes obesity(肥胖)．As the holiday season with its abundant feasting arrives, millions of food lovers are keeping an eye on their figures.But scientists have found that weight gain is not about too much Christmas turkey or hot chocolates, but some bacteria in your guts(肠)．Chinese scientists recently discovered a type of bacteria in guts that may be to blame for obesity.A research team led by Zhao Liping, a professor in Shanghai, has identified a precise link between a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain.“The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat.And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat，” Zhao says.Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut, microbiota, may play a very important role in weight gain, but they had never been able to prove it.In 2004, American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice.While a link was believed to exist, proving it was another matter.“The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing，” says Lita Proctor, director of the US National Institutes of Health.“But the problem is that we're only able to look at associations and aren't yet able t o conduct causeandeffect studies.”In the clinical study, researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin-producing bacteria, leading to 35 percent of the gut bacteria, in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175 kg.Based on this information, researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.解题导语：科学家们发现肥胖与肠道里的一种细菌有关。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(7)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(7)完形填空Good advice is like medicine for the soul.What kind of __1__ have you recently received? Who do you go to get advice? Do you have a mentor(顾问)? A mentor is a__2__ adviser.Parents, teachers and friends are often great__3__ .Sports figures, public officials, and nationally known figures can also be good __4__ of mentors, but a person with whom you are a personal relationship will most likely be able to __5__ you the best advice.Mentors teach things that seem to be __6__ sense.Proverbs are wise old sayings that are common in every language and __7__，and can sometimes be__8__ for a nonnative to understand.For example, all that__9__ is not gold(some things are not as __10__ as they appear )．Advice __11__in newspapers and magazines are another way to __12__ advice.Talk shows on radio and television are also very popular.Americans and Canadians love to __13__ themselves. Many people are not __14__ to ask for help or __15__ about a problem in order to receive advice.People generally will __16__their own experience to __17__ their friends.Overcoming a difficult situation is__18__ respected in North America.People love to heat motivational(积极的) stories and __19__.One proverb, a friend in need is a friend indeed, shares the concept that a true friend will help you out in times of __20__.解题导语：本文讲述了获得忠告的一些方法。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(100)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(100)阅读理解Do you know anything about the history of weather? Don't look at the sky.Don't look for old weather reports.Looking at the tree rings is more important.Correct weather reports date back only one century, but some trees can provide an exact record of weather even further back.It is natural that a tree would grow best in a climate with plenty of sunlight and rainfall.It is also expected that little sunlight or rainfall would reduce the growth of a tree.The change from a favorable to an unfavorable climate can be found out by the reading pattern of rings in a tree trunk.To find out the weather of ten years ago, you can count the rings of a tree trunk from the outside to the inside.If the tenth ring is far from the other rings, then it is certain that plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred.If the rings are close together, then the climate was bad for the tree.Studying trees is important not only for the history of weather，but also for the history of man.In an area of New Mexico you can find only sand－no trees or people.However，many centuries ago a large population lived there.They left suddenly.Why?A scientist studied the pattern of the rings of dead trees that hadgrown there.He made up his mind that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees.Trees were necessary to make fires and buildings.So, after the people destroyed the trees, they had to move.In this example studying tree rings uncovered an exciting fact about the history of man.解题导语：研究树的年轮不但对研究气候史有重要作用，还有助于研究人类历史。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(33)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(33)阅读理解Organic food, once considered something that only health fanatics desired, is now a regular feature at most supermarkets.And that has created a bit of a dilemma.On the one hand, you have a conventionally grown apple.On the other, you have one that's organic.Both apples are firm, shiny and red.Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.Conventionally grown food generally costs less, but is organic food a better choice? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and sold food products are now being debated on a large scale.Supporters of organic foods－a term whose meaning varies greatly－are frequently telling the world that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of daily foods is a welcome development.However, much of this interest has been aroused by sweeping claims that the conventional food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs.Almost daily, the public is surrounded by claims for “noaging”diets, new vitamins and other wonder foods.There are numerousunsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to manmade ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than those treated with insect spray and the like.Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, large amounts of written material about the benefits of organic foods makes it difficult for people to separate fact from fiction.As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely advertised and form the basis for people's opinion.One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods.But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods.So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the conventional food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.解题导语：近年来，人们争相吃有机食品，但作者认为有机食品花费大且不一定比传统食品更有营养价值。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(6)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(6)阅读理解Nobody expects it to happen to them，but they should.Of all the disasters that can strike a home，fire is the most common.Although smoke detectors(探测器)are now common，fire damages or destroys hundreds of thousands of homes each year.Fires account for more than 90 percent of American Red Cross disaster responses.But Red Cross preparedness and response spokesperson Tara Lynch says there are things you can do to help keep your family safe.The Red Cross advice boils_down to three principles：Get a kit，make a plan and be careful.Get a kit. Every home should have smoke detectors，a fire extinguisher(灭火器)and an evacuation kit(紧急疏散器具箱)．Smoke detectors should be placed outside of every sleeping area and on every floor.Test your smoke detectors once a month.Make sure they will work when you need them.Your local fire station will train you on how to use a fire extinguisher.The evacuation kit should include a flashlight，IDs，driver's licenses and insurance papers，plus essential medicine，and even pet supplies.Make a plan. Families should gather to make a fire escape plan and practice that plan at least twice a year.People in multistorey homes will need a fire ladder.Families should also decide on a place to meetafter they escape from their homes.Even though it can be frightening for children and hard for parents to consider the possibility of a fire，proper planning can make an enormous difference in the event of an emergency.Be careful. Home fires are more likely to start in a kitchen than in any other room.Never leave a stove unattended，and be particularly careful with space heaters.It's important to follow the instructions on all the space heaters and keep them at least three feet from any other object.解题导语：谁都不希望自己家发生火灾，但家庭火灾却是最常见的。
2017-2018学年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(54)
2017-2018学年语言朋友(54)完形填空The world always makes way for the dreamer.When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler.I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr.Zigler__1__everyone's spirits up to the ceiling, I__2__ there feeling like I could do anything.When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to__3__ people feel like that.”My father asked me what I __4__.“I want to be a motivational speaker just like Mr.Zigler.”I replied.A(An)__5__ was born.Recently, I began seeking my dream of __6__ others.After a four year relationship with Fortune 100 Company__7__as a sales trainer and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my __8__.Many people were __9__ that I would leave after earning a six figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a __10__.I made my __11__to start my own company and leave my worryingless position after __12__ a regional sales meeting.The vice president of our company delivered a __13__that changed my life.He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be？”After giving us a __14__to write down the three wishes, hethen asked us, “Why do you need a__15__？” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment.I realized that__16__ I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment.I was ready and didn't need a god's help to become a motivational speaker.A motivational speaker was__17__ .Having made that decision, I was immediately__18__.One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job, and now we had no__19__.But I held fast to my dream.The wonder really began to happen.In a short time my husband found a better job.And I was able to book several __20__engagements with new customers.I discovered the incredible power of dreams.解题导语：作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们：只要有梦想，就能做自己想做的事。
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2017-2018学年语言朋友(31)阅读理解Years ago, I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required.The hero invites the bad guy to his home and offers him a glass of water.The man takes the glass and drinks the water.After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and picks up the glass.His expressions show the satisfaction at a job well done.The bad guy will soon be arrested.At that time, I found it amazing－how can prints on a glass identify people? My dad explained that if you were to press your thumb on an inkpad and then on a sheet of white paper you will leave a smudge or print, which no one else in the world can make.The same would be true for each of your fingers.The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification－it was used as a signature on important documents, although they had no way of independently matching it with the owner.Each print is oneofakind and no two people have the same characteristic.Scientists and criminologists (those who study criminal characteristics) determine the differences between fingerprints by a careful study of their curves and not by their general shape or pattern.In 1892, an English scientist, Sir Francis Galton, published a book on using fingerprints to solve crimes.At the same time in Argentina, a police researcher Juan Vucetich was also working towards a fingerprint classification system.However, it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally.Sir Edward Henry and his assistant Khan Haque discovered that all fingerprints could be systematically classified according to their general curve patterns.He divided them into three classes on the basis of their general pattern: loops (箕形纹), whorls (斗形纹), and arches (弓形纹)．By counting the curve between any two points in the pattern, each of the ten fingers could be classified into a particular group.Taking the group together as a unit you have a complete system of classifying fingerprints.In June 1897, the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he applied the system.This system, called the science of fingerprint identification, is still used by police departments all over the world today with few changes.解题导语：文章主要向我们介绍了指纹印证用于犯罪治理的过程。
1．The purpose of the first paragraph is to show________.A．how a person's fingerprints are takenB．how satisfied the hero was with his workC．how careful detectives should be when workingD．how fingerprints are commonly used to solve crimes解析：细节理解题。
根据“I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required.”可知此段用于引出指纹被用来证实犯罪的事实，故选D。
答案：D2．Fingerprints were first used in China to ________．A．sign documents B．capture criminalsC．show respect D．prove identity解析：细节理解题。
根据第二段“The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification－it was used as a signature on important documents”可知中国人使用指纹是在签署文件的时候，故选A。
答案：A3．In which country was today's fingerprint classification system developed?A．China. B．Scotland.C．Argentina. D．India.解析：细节理解题。
根据第四段“it was in 1896 that Sir EdwardHenry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally.”可知选D。
答案：D4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．The fingerprint classification system has experienced great changes.B．For more than a century, fingerprints have been applied to crime solving.C．Henry's fingerprint classification system was immediately accepted internationally.D．By comparing the general shape of two fingerprints, one can easily tell their difference.解析：细节理解题。
根据最后一段“In June 1897, the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he applied the system.”可知在100多年前指纹已经被应用于解决犯罪的问题，故选B。
答案：B5．What is the best title for this passage?A．Detectives and Criminals.B．Scientists and Criminologists.C．Fingerprints and Crime Solving.D．Researchers and Fingerprint Patterns.解析：主旨归纳题。
根据全文的内容可知主要叙述了指纹用于警察破案，故选C。
答案：C语法填空To do nothing is also a good treatment.In Hippocrates'(希波克拉底，医学之父) days, many doctors convinced sick people 6.________ (receive) unnecessary treatment.But Hippocrates believed that 7.________ you had real evidence that a medical treatment was helpful, you shouldn't use it.In this age of advanced medicine, it's much 8.________ (hard) for doctors to resist doing tests or refuse to provide treatments－even if they're unnecessary.I often point out to my patients that the best treatment we have is time.If we don't know 9.________ to do, let's not just do “something”．Doctors have an automatic reaction to tests when 10.________ might even lead to harm.Back pain, for example, will often solve itself 11.________ three months with such simple remedies (治疗法) as ice, heat, and gentle exercise.A patient may say, “Look, I 12.________ (suffer), and you have to do something，”13.________ puts the doctor under pressure.14.________ result is of course meaningless treatments.It certainly won't help, andit could cause an allergicreaction.That is why it is 15.________ (extreme) important that patients and doctors work together to avoid needless tests or drugs.解题导语：医学之父希波克拉底认为，医生没把握时，不作为也是不错的治疗方法。